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研究生综合英语Unit3简介研究生综合英语是研究生阶段必修的一门专业英语课程，旨在提高学生的英语综合应用能力。
Unit3是该课程的第三单元，主要涉及科技与创新领域的话题。
本文将对Unit3的主要内容进行介绍。
内容Unit3主要包括以下几个部分：1. 词汇扩展在Unit3中，学生将会学习与科技和创新相关的词汇。
这些词汇涵盖了从基础的科学概念到现代科技发展的各个方面。
通过学习这些词汇，学生可以扩展自己的科技词汇量，并且能够更好地理解相关的科技和创新话题。
2. 阅读理解Unit3中的阅读材料主要集中在科技和创新领域的最新研究和发展。
通过阅读这些材料，学生可以了解到当前科技领域的最新动态，同时提高阅读理解能力。
此外，学生还将学习如何通过阅读材料，获取关键信息和进行更深层次的分析。
3. 口语表达与讨论在Unit3的口语表达和讨论环节，学生将通过与同学们的讨论，探讨科技与创新对社会和个人的影响。
通过这些讨论，学生可以提高自己的口语表达能力，并且学会倾听和理解他人观点的能力。
这些讨论还可以促进学生之间的交流和合作。
4. 写作任务Unit3的写作任务主要包括科技和创新领域的报告和短文写作。
学生将通过写作任务提高自己的写作能力，并且能够独立思考和表达自己的观点。
写作任务还要求学生进行研究和分析，培养学生的科学研究和思考能力。
学习目标通过学习Unit3，学生可以实现以下几个学习目标：•扩展科技和创新领域的词汇量；•提高阅读理解能力，了解科技领域的最新动态；•改善口语表达能力，学会与他人讨论科技和创新话题；•提升写作能力，学会进行科技和创新领域的研究并进行报告和短文写作。
总结研究生综合英语Unit3主要涉及科技与创新领域的词汇扩展、阅读理解、口语表达与讨论以及写作任务。
通过学习Unit3，学生可以提高自己的英语综合应用能力，并且了解到科技领域的最新动态。
同时，学生还可以培养自己的研究和思考能力，为将来的科技与创新工作奠定基础。
Text comprehensionI. CII. 1. F;2. T;3. F;4. T;5. F.III.1. Paragraph 4: She fled逃往from Germany to Belgium to escape fascism法西斯主义; then moved to Paris, surviving the occupation侵略占领时期by placing German subtitles字幕on French films.2. Anne is an independent and honest lady.3. Paragraph 10: Anne assured her husband that he’d done the right thing. This means she appreciated his decision.4. Paragraph 8: she could endure difficulties in the hardest time but she couldn’t tolerate her husband’s complaints and feel ing sorry for himself.自我难过/自责/自惭形秽.5. Paragraph 12: She believes in tough love, and doesn’t let him just lie around but forces him to overcome his troubles.IV.1. But I also made some effort to adjust myself.2. …because I am sometimes too proud of mysel f.Structural analysisChronological account (Paragraph 1—2) – (Paragraph 8) –(Paragraph 14).Flashback (Paragraph 3—4) –(Paragraph 5—7) –(Paragraph 9—10) –(Paragraph 11—13) Chronological account (1—2) –Flashback (3—4) –(5—7)–Chronological account (8) –Flashback (9—10) –(11—13)–Chronological account (14).Section Four Consolidation ActivitiesPart one. VocabularyI.Phrase1. tie the knot = get married2. given that = if one takes into account that考虑到，假定3. then and there = at that time and place, esp. without any delay当场，当时当地4. in the midst of = when在……之中，当……的时候5. set … apart = distinguish使分离，区别II.1. wrapped up;2. fatal;3. fluent;4. has undergone;5. stretch out;6. financed;7. consequences;8. neighbourhood.III.Word derivationFill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.1. The principal would be less insistent (insist) on kids wearing school uniforms if the school had to pay for them.2. It’s so depressing (depress) the way no one seems to care what’s happening to this country.3. I really miss my mother. My only consolation (console) is that her suffering was not prolonged.4. The progressive Chinese intellectuals in the early days of the 20th century drew much of their inspiration (inspire) from the revolutionary ideas flooding out of Europe at that time.5. Three people were killed in a head-on collision (collide) between a bus and a car.6. Much progress has been made in the diagnosis (diagnostic) of genetic disease.7. Then suddenly, despite all their assurance (assure) they broke the agreement and signed a deal with a rival company.8. A heavy concentration of the drug may produce dizziness or even unconsciousness (unconscious).1. insist (v.)坚持；强调insistence n.坚持，坚决主张；强调insistent a.坚持的2. depress v.使沮丧；降低，压下；压抑depressed a.沮丧的；降低的；不景气的depressing a.令人沮丧的depression n.沮丧；萧条3. console v.安慰，慰藉consolation n.安慰，慰藉consolatory a.慰问的，可慰藉的4. inspire v.使……感动；激发；煽动inspiration n.灵感，启示inspiring a.令人振奋的，激励人的，鼓舞人心的5. collide v.碰撞，互撞；抵触collision n.碰撞，冲突6. diagnose v.判断，诊断（疾病）diagnostic a.特征的；诊断的diagnosis n.诊断7. assure v.使确信，使放心；确保assurance n.保证；确信，肯定；自信assured a.确实的，保障的；有自信的8. unconscious a.失去知觉的unconsciously ad.无意识地，不知不觉地unconsciousness n.无意识，意识不清，失去知觉IV.1. A;2. B;3. C;4. D;5. C;6. D;7. A;8. D.V.Synonym / AntonymGive a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used. 1. My Stroke of LuckSynonym: fortune2. At dinner with friends, she’d set a place for me as if it were the most natural thing in the world to eat lying on the couch.Antonym: unnatural, artificial3. Noel and I survived, but the men in the plane died instantly.Synonym: immediately4. Anne has such good judgment and intuition, she rarely makes a wrong decision.Synonym: seldom, hardly5. When we went out, Anne would put me in the rear of the station wagon, where I could stretch out.Synonym: back6. In L.A., I could get the best care for my spinal injury and start seeing psychiatrists for my very real “survivor’s guilt”.Antonym: innocence7. Born in Hanover, Germany, she fled to Belgium to escape fascism as a teenager.Synonym: escaped8. After our first meeting, I called to invite her to supper at Tour d’Argent, one of Paris’s best restaurants, with fantastic views of the Seine.Synonym: marvelous, wonderful, terrific4Prefix / SuffixWrite in each space one word that has the same stem as underlined in each given word.1. intendpretend2. implicitexplicit3. occurrecur4. transferrefer5. admitcommit6. rejectinject7. expressdepress8. conformreformPart twoGrammar Exercises1. Negation and inversionInversion involves putting an auxiliary verb before the subject of a clause. In formal English, it is quite common to use inversion after negative adverbial expressions and restrictive words such as only, never, hardly, little and seldom.e. g. At no time did he get permission for what he was doing.Not until the next morning did she realize how serious it was.Only later did they learn his terrible secret.Hardly had we walked in the door when the phone started ringing.In some negative sentences, “not” is to negate the predicates in form, but actually it is used to negate other elements of those negative sentences. Therefore, while translating, we should transfer the negation in some cases.e. g. Every man cannot be a scientist.A high executive does not have a large vocabulary merely because of the opportunities of his position.A negative may be transferred from a certain part of the sentence to another in translation.e. g. We don’t believe that our moth er tongue is inferior to any other language in the world.I don’t think Father will fancy living an idle life like that.I.Change each sentence into a negative with the given word.1. I hope it will rain. (not)I hope it will not rain.2. She has seldom been so successful before.Seldom has she been so successful before.3. You will find gold in Iceland. (nowhere)Nowhere in Iceland will you find gold.4. Donald had never imagined that this strange incident would help him to find a job.Never had Donald imagined that this strange incident would help him to find a job.5. He had scarcely any time to pack his suitcase.Scarcely had he any time to pack his suitcase.6. In no circumstances must you tell him this secret.7. We rarely get more than three consecutive days of hot weather in summer.Rarely do we get more than three consecutive days of hot weather in summer.8. I had ever worked hard as I did yesterday. (hardly)I had hardly ever worked as hard as I did yesterday.Hardly had I ever worked as hard as I did yesterday.II.1.无爱之人不可能真正幸福。
Unit3.Biochemistry and Human DevelopmentBiochemistry is the application of chemistry to the study of biological processes at the cellular and molecular level. It emerged as a distinct discipline around the beginning of the20th century when scientists combined chemistry, physiology and biology to investigate the chemistry of living systems. In a sense, biochemistry is both a life science and a chemical science. It uses the methods of chemistry, physics; molecular biology and immunology to study the structure and behavior of the complex molecules found in biological material andthe ways those molecules interact to form cells, tissues and whole organism. It covers a broad range of cellular functions from gene transcription to the structure and function of macromolecules.生物化学是在细胞和分子水平上运用化学技术研究生物过程的科学。
在20世纪初，当科学家联合化学,生理学和生物化学研究的生命系统时，开始出现这门独立学科。
The Muscular SystemMuscle is the tough, elastic tissue that makes body parts move. All animals except the simplest kinds have some type of muscle.People use muscle to make various movements, such as walking, jumping, or throwing. Muscles also help in performing activities necessary for growth and for maintaining a strong, healthy body. For example, people use muscles in the jaw to chew food. Other muscles help move food through the stomach and intestines, and aid in digestion. Muscles in the heart and blood vessels force the blood to circulate. Muscles in the chest make breathing possible.肌肉系统肌肉是一种结实而有弹性的组织，能够使身体活动。
除了最简单的几种动物，所有动物都有某些类型的肌肉。
人们用肌肉来完成各种运动，如行走、跳跃或者投掷。
肌肉也有助于执行身体生长和保持强壮、健康的身体所必需的各种活动。
例如，人们用位于下巴的肌肉咀嚼食物。
其他肌肉帮助食物通过胃和肠道，帮助消化。
心脏和血管处的肌肉促使血液循环。
胸部肌肉使人能呼吸。
Types of MusclesThe human body has more than 600 major muscles. About 240 of them have specific names. In general, muscles are classified into three groups: (1) skeletal muscles, (2) smooth muscles, and (3) cardiac musclesSkeletal muscles help hold the bones of the skeleton together and give the body shape. They also make the body move. Skeletal muscles make up a large part of the legs, arms, abdomen, chest, neck, and face. These muscles vary greatly in size, depending on the type of job they do. For example, eye muscles are small and fairly weak, but the muscles of the thigh are large and strong. 肌肉的类型人体有超过600个主要的肌肉。
Apparatus--A specification for a definite size or type of container or apparatus in a test or assay is given solely as a recommendation, Where volumetric flasks or other exact measuring, weighing, or sorting devices are specified, this or other equipment of at least equivalent accuracy shall be employed. 仪器——为了一个明确的尺寸或规格类型的容器或设备在测验或分析给出了建议,纯粹,在培养皿或其他精确测量体积、计量、或排序装置是在合同中规定的;这个或其他设备至少应当使用等效精度。
Where low-actinic or light-resistant containers are specified, clear containers that have been rendered opague by application of a suitable coating r wrapping may be used. Where an instrument for physical measurement, such as a spectrophotometer, is speci fied in a test or assay by its distinctive name, another instrument of equivalent or greater sensitivity and accuracy may be used. In order to obtain solutions having concentrations that are adaptable to the working range of the instrument being used, solutions of proportionate. ly higher or lower concentrations may be prepared according to the solvents and proportions there of that are specified for the procedurecu .仪器——为了一个明确的尺寸或规格类型的容器或设备在测验或分析给出了建议,纯粹,在培养皿或其他精确测量体积、计量、或排序装置是在合同中规定的;这个或其他设备至少应当使用等效精度。
Crossword Puzzle Answers:Open Ended Questions:1.Explain the difference between general-purpose and special-purpose applications.General-purpose applications are widely used in nearly every discipline and occupation. They include word processors, spreadsheets, database management systems, and presentation graphics.special-purpose applications are more narrowly focused on specific disciplines and occupations, such as graphics programs, audio and video editors,2.Discuss the common features of most software programs. Describe the new interfaceintroduced with 2007 Microsoft Office.The newest Office version, 2007 Microsoft Office, has a redesigned interface that is intended to make it easier for users to find and use all the features of an application. This new designintroduces ribbons, contextual tabs, galleries, and more.• Ribbons replace menus and toolbars by organizing commonly used commands into a set of tabs.These tabs display command buttons that are the most relevant to the tasks being performed by the user.• Contextual tabs are tabs that appear automatically. These tabs only appear when they are needed and anticipate the next operations to be performed by the user.• Galleries simplify the process of making a selection from a list of alternatives. This isaccomplished by replacing many dialog boxes with visual presentations of potential results.This new interface is the first major change in over a decade.3.What is the difference between a function and a formula? How is a formula related to what-if analysis?A formula is an instruction to calculate or process. Functions are prewritten formulas providedby the spreadsheet program that perform calculations such as adding a series of cells. If a change is made to one or more numbers in a spreadsheet, all related formulas will automaticallyrecalculate and charts will be recreated. Observing these changes is what-if analysis.4.What are presentation graphics programs? How are they used?Presentation graphics are programs that combine a variety of visual objects to create attractive, visually interesting presentations. They are excellent tools to communicate a message and to persuade people.5.What is the difference between an integrated package and a software suite? Whatare the advantages and disadvantages of each?An integrated package is a single program that provides the functionality of a wordprocessor, spreadsheet, database manager, and more. The primary disadvantage of an integrated package is that the capabilities of each function (such as word processing) are not as extensive as in the individual programs (such as Microsoft Word). The primary advantages are cost and simplicity.A software suite is a collection of separate application programs bundled together andsold as a group. While the applications function exactly the same whether purchased in a suite or separately, it is significantly less expensive to buy a suite of applications than to buy each application separately.1. Expanding Your Technology exercise #3 Shareware explores how shareware programswork and what the risks involved in using them are.2.Writing About Technology exercise #1 Acquiring Software asks the student to explorefive ways of acquiring software. And asks if it is wrong to obtain and use unauthorized software.Web Tools1.Applying Technology exercise #3 Corel WordPerfect Office Suite has the studentresearch the suite and compare/contrast it to the Microsoft Office suite. It asks thestudent to do critical thinking and decide which is better for them.2. Expanding Your Technology exercise #2 Sharing Data between Applications has thestudent research object linking and embedding. The student is asked to provide examples and be able to define the difference between linking and embedding.Software Tools1.Applying Technology exercise #1 Speech Recognition explores the technology of speechrecognition software. How it is configured and what are its uses. It asks them to writeabout the advantages and disadvantages of it.2.Applying Technology exercise #2 Presentation Graphics explores the requirements,features, and uses of a presentation graphics application found on the website.3.Applying Technology exercise #3 Corel WordPerfect Office Suite has the studentscompare and contrast the Corel Suite with the Microsoft Suite products, and asks them to choose one.Writing Skills1.Applying Technology exercise #1 Speech Recognition explores the technology of speechrecognition software. How it is configured and what are its uses. It asks them to writeabout the advantages and disadvantages of it.2.Applying Technology exercise #3 Corel WordPerfect Office Suite has the studentscompare and contrast the Corel Suite with the Microsoft Suite products, and asks them to choose one.3.Expanding Your Knowledge exercise #1 How Speech Recognition Works has the studentexplore how speech recognition could enhance applications and to describe a profession that could benefit from it.4.Expanding Your Technology exercise #3 Shareware explores how shareware programswork and what the risks involved in using them are.5.Writing About Technology exercise #1 Acquiring Software asks the student to explorefive ways of acquiring software. And asks if it is wrong to obtain and use unauthorized software.6.Writing About Technology exercise #2 Software Standards has the student explore theissue of standardization of computer software. It asks them to find out about therequirements of certifications and how compliance is handled.。
专业硕士英语教学大纲课程名称：专业硕士英语教学课程类型：必修学时安排：36学时（2学分）授课方式：面授课程目标：1.帮助学生提高英语听、说、读、写的综合能力。
2.培养学生在专业领域中运用英语进行交流和研究的能力。
3.培养学生对英语语言文化的理解和跨文化交际能力。
教学内容及进度安排：第一单元：学术英语阅读与写作-学术阅读技巧和策略-文章结构和逻辑关系分析-学术写作基本要素-综述、评论和论文写作第二单元：专业英语听力与口语-专业英语听力训练，包括听取学术演讲、讲座和研讨会等-口语表达技巧和策略，包括学术演讲和讨论技巧-学术报告和演讲实践第三单元：商务英语沟通-商务英语词汇和常用表达-商务英语听力和口语训练，包括商务会议、谈判和演示等-商务信函和报告写作第四单元：跨文化交际与英语社交礼仪-跨文化交际理论和实践-跨文化沟通中的问题与解决策略-英语社交礼仪和常用表达教学方法：1.授课方式：面授讲授2.学生参与：课堂讨论、小组活动和角色扮演等3.多媒体辅助教学：使用投影仪、电脑、录音设备等多媒体设备展示教学资源和案例分析4.课外作业：阅读、听力、写作和口语练习等任务考核方式：1.平时表现：课堂参与、小组讨论和作业完成情况2.期中考试：包括听力、阅读、写作和口语部分3.期末论文：根据学生的研究兴趣和专业背景，撰写一篇与专业相关的英文论文教材与参考书目：主教材：-Academic Writing and Reading Skills，作者：John Smith，出版社：ABC Publishing-Business English Communication，作者：Jane Brown，出版社：XYZ Press 参考书目：-Academic Listening and Speaking，作者：Mary Johnson，出版社：DEF Publishing-Cross-Cultural Communication in Business，作者：David Lee，出版社：GHI Press备注：本教学大纲仅供参考，实际教学中可根据学生的具体情况和教学需求进行适当调整和补充。
新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材写作教程第一册第三单元语法和练习部分参考答案PART III GRAMMAR-ing and -ed forms of verbsReference for the Classroom Activities1）That woman who is laughing is my mother.2）Finally they found the treasure that had been hidden.3）This is the place that is most frequently reported in the press.4）The boy who was enchanted stared at the screen, mouth wide open.Now, ask students to summarize the use of the -ing and -ed forms as modifiersSummary1.The –ing form of a verb is used when the action described by the verb continues to happen or when therelationship between the modified and the verb is active.2.The –ed form of a verb is used when the action is completed at the time another action occurs or when the relationship between the modified and the verb is passive.NounsReference for the Classroom Activities1）.development of career educators2）. readjustment of the flight timetable3）. money problems of high-school art education4）. country for family vacation5）. the study of the growth of childhood personalityNow, ask students to summarize the rules of using nouns as modifiers.SummaryNouns can be put ahead of another noun as its modifiers in English; but too many nouns clustered can cause ambiguity and misunderstanding. Very often the maximum of nouns as modifiers is two, though s ometimes this number may be exceeded. So the guiding principle for noun modifiers is that they shouldn’t pose too much difficulty to the reader’s comprehension.AdverbsReference for the Classroom Activities1）drive breezily (modifying the verb)2）strangely beautiful(modifying the adjective)3）too slowly(modifying the adverb)4）Firstly,1et’s listen to Dr．Smith’s report on his latest research．(modifying the whole sentence)Now, ask students to summarize the rules of using adverbs as modifiersSummaryAn adverb can modify a verb, an adjective, another adverb, or even a whole sentence. It usually appears after the verb it modifies but before the adjective or the adverb. If it modifies the whole sentence, it can appear either at the beginning or at the end.Problems with modifiersReference for the Classroom Activities1．The problem with these phrases is the redundancy of modifiers．The modifiers are useless for they do nothing but repeat what the following nouns say．Useless modifiers can make your writing repetitious and wordy．2．a. The notice said nothing else．b. People other than visitors were not invited to see the exhibits．c. The visitors were invited to do nothing but see the exhibits on the third floor．D. There might be exhibits on other floors but the visitors were invited to see those the third floor. Now．ask students to summarize the problems with modifiers.Summary1.One problem is about useless modifiers. A useless modifier adds nothing to the meaning of the modifiedbut redundancy.2.Another problem is concerned with misplaced modifiers. Clear writing demands that modifiers be put asclose as possible to the word or phrase being modified.PART IV WRITINGNotices (I)This section mainly discusses short, informal notices, which are normally written in the form of notes. Above all, a notice should provide key information to the reader.Suggested answer to the questionThe notices are concise, including only the essential information. They are all written in the form of notes. Ask students to summarize what they have learned in this unit PART V FOLLOW-UP EXERCISES1.1）. When I was assigned a certain task, I did it to my best ability2）. Fog can cause blindness.3). Recently 1 joined a social club which raises money for the care of needy children, and we meet everyWednesday afternoon.4). An essay should be understandable to the reader.5). Many items are expensive at discount stores.6). Bears that have just come out of hibernation are usually hungry and dangerous7). The author should have shortened the story by half.8). The city's environmental surroundings are not the most comfortable9). I learned certain facts that I believe are vital to every freshman.2. 1). simmer: cook food gently at or just below boiling pointsauté: fry quickly in a little hot fatbake: cook by using direct heat in an oven2). Other verbs about cooking include roast, steam, braise, fry, deep-fry, boil, poach, scramble, grill,stew, curry, baste, barbecue.3. 1). For dinner we had barbecued steaks and sweet corn.2). Last week my brother John joined an insurance company.3). He is not a friendly and easy-going colleague.4). Our view of the sea at sunset was splendid / breathtaking.5). It was a fine day to play outdoors.6). What impressed me most about the city was the hustle and bustle in the streets4.. There are seize, hurl, choke, blind, leap, flee, etc5. 1). I admire Jenny's long black glossy hair so much.2). The fearless explorer finally landed at the South Pole.3). Fast driving on a smooth road can be great fun.4). John and I often wrote each other long e-mails full of jokes5). The pale skinny woman fainted suddenly.6. 1). I invited the visiting professor to the English Club.2). Shooting stars warn us of catastrophe.3). The deleted sentence was unnecessary.4). Stephanie tiptoed up the carpeted steps.5). The students attending the art school are highly active.6). The taped dollar bill split in half.7). Amy was the only winning contestant who was below 108). The freshly painted house shone in the sun.7, 1). indescribably 2). Dark 3). occasional 4). steadily5). surely, bad 6). terribly8. 1). At his mother's request, he agreed to wait at least a year before getting married.2). Half of the girls in town were in love with Ben, but he wanted to marry Christine only.3). John hopes that in the years to come he can be as successful as his father has been.4). The winner of the contest ate almost three dozen frankfurters.5). Debbie knew that chicken when fried always pleased Ed.6). Mary could not resist the temptation to whisper in her friend's ear about what she had seen.9. In organizing the activity, the teacher can ask students to discuss what they want to put in the notices first, and then to design the layout. The notices should be simple in language, clear in meaning and eye-catching.。
1.His aim is simply to utilize these various conditions ,to make his activities and their energies work together ,instead of against one another.
农民的目的，只不过是利用这种种环境使他的活动和环境的力量，共同协作，而不相互对抗。
2.Any aim is of value so far as it assists observation ,choice,and planning in carrying on activity from moment to moment and hour to hour.
任何目的，只要能时时刻刻帮助我们观察、选择和计划，使我们的活动得以顺利进行，就是有价值的目的。
3.And consequently their purposes are indefinitely varied ,differing with different children, changing as children grow and with the growth of experience on the part of the one who teaches.所以，他们的目的有无穷的变异，随着不同的儿童而不同，随着儿童的生长和教育者经验的增长而变化。
4.Instead of helping the specific task of teaching, it prevents the use of ordinary judgment in observing and sizing up the situation.这种目的不但无助与具体的教学任务，并且阻碍教师应用平常的判断，观察和估量所面临的情景。
5.A truly general aim broadens the outlook ;it stimulates one to take more consequences into account.一个真正一般的目的，能开拓人们的眼界，激发他们考虑更多的结果。
1.法律适用于所有的人，不分种族、信仰或肤色。
The laws apply to everyone irrespective of race, creed or color.
2.九岁时他就得对付失去双亲之事。
At the age of nine he had the death of both parents to contend with.
3.她决心要成功，而且不让任何事妨碍她。
She’s determined to succeed and she won’t let anything get in her way.
4.金钱本身很少带来幸福。
Money as such will seldom bring happiness.
5.该电脑适合与多种用途。
The computer lends itself to many different uses.。
