2020高考英语一轮复习话题第17练【科普知识与现代技术】练习含解析

第17练科普知识与现代技术基础巩固Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．TheInternethasenabledus________________(know) andunderstandthewholeworldmuchbetter.2．However，someofscientificinventionshaveevencausedgreatharm________mankind. 3．Therapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology________________(bring) aboutgreatchangestohumanlifesofar.4．Iwilltellyou________(direct) thatscientistsarethosewhopromotethesocialprogress.5．In18thcentury，the________(invent) ofthesteamengineledtothefirstIndustrialRevolution. 6．Weneedtoacceptthefactthatthesemoderninventionshavebroughtmuch________(conveni ent) tous.7．Incontrast，thisconditionjustindicatesthatourlifeisconnected________moderninventionsclosely. 8．WhyIsayitnormalisbecauseIbelievethatnothingis________(absolute) goodandrightforus.9．Exceptforthemoderninventionsoftransport，thereareplentyofotherthings，________(include) robots.10．Wecandomanythingsthatwedidn’thavetheabilitytodointhep astby________(use) robots.11．Ifourgovernmentdoitwell，I________(full) believethattheInternetwillprovidemoreconvenienceforus.12．Weliveinanage________moreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore. 13．Thenewtechnology，if________(apply) toricegrowing，willhelpincreasethegrainoutput.14．Hethoughtthatthekeyto________(feed) peoplewastohavemorericeandtoproduceitmorequickly. 15．Iwanttointroduceoneofthemostinfluentialmodern________(invent) inourlife—thecomputernetwork.话题词汇1．advantage n．优势2．artificial adj.人造的，人工的3．negativeeffect负面影响4．breakthrough n．突破5．surftheInternet上网6．explore v．探索7．convenience n．方便8．withthedevelopmentof...随着……的发展9．changeone’slife改变某人的生活10．drawback n．缺点，不利条件能力提升Ⅱ.阅读理解(2018·辽宁葫芦岛一模)AccordingtoanewresearchfromtheUniversityofCambridgeinEngland，sheepareabletorecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs.Thefarmanimals，whoaresocialandhavelargebrains，werepreviouslyknowntobeabletorecognizeoneanother，aswellasfamiliarhumans.However，theirabilitytorecognizehumanfacesfromphotosaloneisnovel.Therecentstudy，theresultsofwhichwerepublishedinthejournal RoyalSociety showedthatthewoollycreatur escouldbetrainedtorecognizestillimagesofhumanfaces，includingthoseofformerPresidentBarackObamaandactressEmmaWatson.Initially，ter，theywereabletorecognizetheimagesforwhichtheyhadbeenrewarded.Thesheepcouldevenrec ognizeimagesoffacesshownatanangle，thoughtheirabilitytodosodeclinedbyabout15percent—thesamerateatwhichahuman’sabi litytoperformthesametaskdeclines.“Anyon ewhohasspenttimeworkingwithsheepwillknow thattheyareintelligentandindividualanimalswhoareabletorecognizetheirhandlers.”s aidProfessorJennyMorton，wholedtheCambridgestudy.“We’veshownwithourstudythatsheephaveadvancedface­recog nitionabilities，closetothoseofhuman sandmonkeys.”Recognizingfacesisoneofthemostimportantsocialskillsforhumanbeings，andsomedisordersofthebrain，includingHuntington’sdisease，affectthisability.“Sheeparelong­livedandhavebrainsthataresimilarinsizeandcomplexitytothoseof somemonkeys.Thatmeanstheycanbeusefulmodelstohelpusunderstanddisordersofthebrain，suchasHuntington’sdiseasethatdevelopoveralongtimeandaffectcognitive(认知的) abilities.Ourstudygivesusanotherwaytomonitorhowtheseabilitieschange.”Mortonsaid .16．Accordingtothenewresearch，what’sunusualaboutsh eep? A．Theyhavelargebrains.B．Theycanrecognizetheirowners.C．Theycantellanimalsfromhumans. D．Theycanrecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs. 17．Howdidtheresearcherstrainthesheep?A．Bygivingfoodrewards.B．Byshowingphotosoffamouspeople.C．Byguidingthemtofollowtheirhandlers. D．Byshowingphotosofhumansandmonkeysbyturns. 18．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Sheephaveahigherface­recognitionabilitythanmonkeys. B．Thenewdiscoveryisofgreatbenefittothestudyofcognitiveabilitychanges. C．Thesheep’sface­recognitionabilitymaypreventsomedisordersofthebrain. D．Thesheep’sface­recognitionabilitystaysthesamewhenshownphotosatanyangle. 19．What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．AWonderfulScientistB．TheLifeofSheepC．ANewDiscoveryAboutSheepD．HowSheepRecognizeEachOtherⅢ.完形填空IwasconfusedwhileIwaseatinglunchinarestauranttheotherday.Iwassittingtherelo okingatwhatI’d__20__andwonderedifanyoneelsecouldseethe__21__inmymind.I’maboutt o__22__alotoffatandwashitdownwithadietsoda.WhatcanIsay？I’mtryingtolosesomeweight.__23__，Idothingslikethatallthetime，whichisprobablywhythepoundsare__24__soslowly.Ispendhalfanhouronthetreadmill(跑步机) andI__25__myselfwithpotatochips.I__26__thatIwillnolongereatthemagain，soIjusteatalotatthistime.Imakeitallthewaythroughtheentiredaydoingeverythingabsol utelyright，andthenatbedtime“justonechipwon’t__27__it”turnsinto“wheredidthatentirebagofp otatochipsgo？”Ofcourse，I__28__dowellwithmyweightlossprogram.OnceIputtogethertwofullweeksofeatingproperl yandexercising__29__.Iwasstartingtofeela(n)__30__.Icouldbendovertotiemyshoesmoreeasily.Butjustasitwasabouttobecomea__31__，Ienteredaperiodoflong，latenightsfilledwith__32__deadlines.Isatinfrontofmycomputer，eatingsnacksanddrinkingsodastohelpmestay__33__.Withinafewdays，thehabitofasensibleeatingandexercisingwasa__34__.Unfortunatebut__35__，Iwastootiredtogetonthetreadmill.__36__，Ihadworktodo，forwhichIneededalltheenergyIcould__37__.SoIstartedskippingexercisesessions.And__ 38__Istarteddoingso，itbecameeasiertoskipthem.Therearealwaysreasonsnottodothethingsthatwereallyshoulddo.Everyreasonisjust another__39__.20．A.cooked B．orderedC．designed D．introduced21．A.battle B．competitionC．performance D．practice22．A.burn B．containC．lose D．consume23．A.Surprisingly B．HappilyC．Unfortunately D．Hopefully24．ingoff B．passingawayC．takingoff D．turningaway25．A.equip B．connectC．present D．reward26．A.agree B．pretendC．imagine D．decide27．A.hurt B．countC．change D．solve28．A.always B．sometimesC．seldom D．never29．A.hardly B．instantlyC．regularly D．slightly30．A.urge B．attractionC．difference D．pain31．A.plan B．habitC．game D．hobby32．A.original B．commonC．inspiring D．tight33．A.awake B．calmC．healthy D．strong34．A.goal B．memoryC．reality D．trend35．A.unbelievable B．changeableC．understandable D．enjoyable36．A.Therefore B．HoweverC．Besides D．Otherwise37．ck B．saveC．show D．throw38．A.once B．beforeC．unless D．though39．A.choice B．faultC．cause D．excuseⅣ.应用文写作假定你是班长李华，请根据以下内容给新任外教Smith先生写一封信，向他表示欢迎并转达同学们对英语课的建议：1．介绍西方文化；2．组织多种多样的活动；3．关注学生发音，提高听说能力。

话题17 科普知识与现代技术[话题基础梳理]Ⅰ.话题相关词汇科技1．科学science2．科技technology3．科学家scientist4．发明家inventor5．先驱pioneer/forerunner6．发明invent7．创造create8．生产produce9．发展develop10．增长increase电子产品1．电子产品electronics2．邮件mail3．电脑computer4．键盘keyboard5．手机cellphone6．微信WeChat7．电话(tele)phone8．机器人robot9．模型model互联网1．互联网Internet2．网上冲浪surfing3．网站website4．打字type5．光light6．信息information其他1．优点advantage2．信letter3．工厂factory4．国际的international5．现代的modernⅡ.话题相关短语发明1．最有用的发明the most useful invention2．由……发明的be invented by...3．据我们所知as we know4．各种各样的all kinds of5．电脑游戏computer games6．越来越受欢迎(be)more and more popular7．感兴趣be interested in/show interest in功能1．更方便more convenient2．交流工具communication tool3．发信息send messages4．扮演角色play a role其他1．花费太多时间spend too much time2．电脑程序员computer programmer3．太空站space stationⅢ.话题常用句型1．科技使我们生活更方便。

Science and technology make our life more convenient.2．我认为电脑是20世纪世界上最有用的发明之一。

Word文档，精心制作，可任意编辑完形填空专题集训--科普类1、阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后各题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。

Once an Arab was traveling in the desert. When the sun went down in the west, he stopped and 1 his tent then, made a fire and have a 2 meal. When night fell,he 3 down to sleep.He had 4 fallen asleep when he felt asoft 5 on his elbow(手肘). He woke up to find that his camel had put his head inside the tent. The camel said: “Would you please let me keep my head in the tent to get warm? It is so cold outside. I will not take up too much 6 .”The Arab was a 7 man, “All right, do asyou 8 .” he said. Then he turned onhis 9 and went back to sleep.It wasn’t long 10 he felt a push on his shoulder. It was the camel again. “Dear master,” the camel said, “my head is quite warm now, but my neck is still cold. Do you mind 11 I keep it inside the tent, too?”“ 12 .” the man said. But this time he felt abit 13 , as camel had such a long neck.No sooner had he shut his eyes 14 he got a harder push in his side. This time the camel said, “will you please allow me to bring my front legs inside and warm then a little?”The Arab 15 over to one side of the tent. He made 16 as small as he could. It wasnot 17 comfortable, and sleep was now outof 18 .Soon after that the camel gave his a rough push and said, “The tent is too small for the two of us. 19 , my two hind legs are still left in the cold. It is only 20 that you should leave the tent wholly to me.” And with that, the camel kicked the poor man out.1.A.built B.made C.put up D.set2.A.simple B.rich C.excellent D.ordinaryid y C.lied D.went4.A.seldom B.not C.almost D.hardly5.A.touch B.beat C.kick D.bite6.A.place B.tent C.room D.blanket7.A.hard-hearted B.kind-hearted C.absent-mined D. careless8.A.please B.willing C.are like D.want9.A.light B.head C.arm D.side10.A.after B.before C.since D.then11.A.whether B.as C.that D.if12.A.Yes, of course B.No, not at all C.Don't.please D.No, you can.13.A.crowded fortable C.warmer D.narrower14.A.than B.then C.when D.after15.A.went B.walked C.climbed D.moved16.A.the tent. B.himself C.room D.ground17.A.very B.much C.a lot D.a little18.A.question B.the question C.quitepossible D.possibility19.A.Except B.Besides C.After all D.But20.A.unfair B.wrong C.reasonable D.right2、阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和 D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020高考英语一轮复习话题第17练【科普知识与现代技术】练习含解析基础巩固Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．TheInternethasenabledus(know)andunderstandthewholeworldmuchbetter.2．However，someofscientificinventionshaveevencausedgreatharmmankind. 3．Therapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology(bring)aboutgreatchangestohumanlifesofar. 4．Iwilltellyou(direct)thatscientistsarethosewhopromotethesocialprogress.5．In18thcentury，the(invent)ofthesteamengineledtothefirstIndustrialRevolution. 6．Weneedtoacceptthefactthatthesemoderninventionshavebroughtmuch(convenient)tous. 7．Incontrast，thisconditionjustindicatesthatourlifeisconnectedmoderninventionsclosely. 8．WhyIsayitnormalisbecauseIbelievethatnothingis(absolute)goodandrightforus. 9．Exceptforthemoderninventionsoftransport，thereareplentyofotherthings，(include)robots. 10．Wecandomanythingsthatwedidn’thavetheabilitytodointhepastby(use)robots.Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误) 11．Therobotswillbedesignedtolooklikepeopletomakethemattractiveandeasiertoselltothepublic. 12．Acomputernetworkallowsuserstoshareresourcesincludingequipmentsandinformation. 13．Butsomeonepointsoutitsdisadvantages，forexamples，ithassomuchjunkinformationthatbotherusalot. 14．Ifourgovernmentdoitwell，IfullbelievethattheInternetwillprovidemoreconvenienceforus. 15．Themoderntransportbenefitsourlife，thoughsomepeoplealsocriticizeitsothere’remanyaccidents. 16．Actually，robotsofreallifealsohavedifferentkindsoffunctionsandtheygivetousmuchhelp. 17．Weliveinanagewhichmoreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore. 18．Thenewtechnology，ifapplyingtoricegrowing，willhelpincreasethegrainoutput. 19．Hethoughtthatthekeytofeedpeoplewastohavemorericeandtoproduceitmorequickly. 20．Iwanttointroduceoneofthemostinfluentialmoderninventioninourlife—thecomputernetwork.话题词汇1．advantage n．优势2．artificial adj.人造的，人工的3．negative effect负面影响4．breakthrough n．突破5．surf the Internet上网6．explore v．探索7．convenience n．方便8．with the development of...随着……的发展9．change one’s life改变某人的生活10．drawback n．缺点，不利条件能力提升Ⅲ.阅读理解A(2018·辽宁葫芦岛一模)AccordingtoanewresearchfromtheUniversityofCambridgeinEngland，sheepareabletorecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs.Thefarmanimals，whoaresocialandhavelargebrains，werepreviouslyknowntobeabletorecognizeoneanother，aswellasfamiliarhumans.However，theirabilitytorecognizehumanfacesfromphotosaloneisnovel.Therecentstudy，theresultsofwhichwerepublishedinthejournal RoyalSociety showedthatthewoollycreaturescouldbetrain edtorecognizestillimagesofhumanfaces，includingthoseofformerPresidentBarackObamaandactressEmmaWatson.Initially，ter，theywereabletorecognizetheimagesforwhichtheyhadbeenrewarded.Thesheepcouldevenrecognizeimagesof facesshownatanangle，thoughtheirabilitytodosodeclinedbyabout15percent—thesamerateatwhichahuman’sabilitytoperformt hesametaskdeclines.“Anyonewhohasspenttimeworkingwithsheepwillknowthattheyareintelligentandind ividualanimalswhoareabletorecognizetheirhandlers.”saidProfessorJennyMorton，wholedtheCambridgestudy.“We’veshownwithourstudythatsheephaveadvancedface­recognitionabilitie s，closetothoseofhumansandmonkeys.”Recognizingfacesisoneofthemostimportantsocialskillsforhumanbeings，andsomedisordersofthebrain，includingHuntington’sdisease，affectthisability.“Sheeparelong­livedandhavebrainsthataresimilarinsizeandcomplexitytothoseofsomemonkeys.Tha tmeanstheycanbeusefulmodelstohelpusunderstanddisordersofthebrain，suchasHuntington’sdiseasethatdevelopoveralongtimeandaffectcognitive(认知的) abilities.Ourstudygivesusanotherwaytomonitorhowtheseabilitieschange.”Mortonsaid.21．Accordingtothenewresearch，what’sunusualaboutsheep?A．Theyhavelargebrains.B．Theycanrecognizetheirowners.C．Theycantellanimalsfromhumans.D．Theycanrecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs.22．Howdidtheresearcherstrainthesheep?A．Bygivingfoodrewards.B．Byshowingphotosoffamouspeople.C．Byguidingthemtofollowtheirhandlers.D．Byshowingphotosofhumansandmonkeysbyturns.23．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Sheephaveahigherface­recognitionabilitythanmonkeys.B．Thenewdiscoveryisofgreatbenefittothestudyofcognitiveabilitychanges.C．Thesheep’sface­recognitionabilitymaypreventsomedisordersofthebrain.D．Thesheep’sface­recognitionabilitystaysthesamewhenshownphotosatanyangle.24．What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．AWonderfulScientistB．TheLifeofSheepC．ANewDiscoveryAboutSheepD．HowSheepRecognizeEachOtherB(2018·四川内江一模)Inrecentyears，carmanufacturers(制造商) havebeenputunderpressuretoinventavehiclethatisbothcheapertorunandbetterfortheenvironment.Oneofthefirstideasthatcarmanufacturerstriedwastoreplaceengineswhichrunonfossil(化石) fuelswithelectricmotors.Unfortunately，thesevehicleshadseveraldisadvantagesandtheydidn’tsellverywell.Theproblemswerethatthebatteries oftheseelectriccarsranoutveryquicklyandtookalongtimetorecharge.However，carmanufacturershaveimprovedtheconcept.Thisiswherethehybridcar，whichhasbothanelectricmotorandatraditionalpetrolengine，comesin.Theelectricmotorneverneedstoberechargedanditismuchbetterfortheplanetthanatraditionalca r.Inahybridcar，theengineiscontrolledbyacomputerwhichdetermineswhetherthecarrunsonpetrol，electricity，orboth.Whenthecarneedsmaximumpower，forexample，ifitisacceleratingorclimbingasteephill，itusesallofitsresources(资源)，butatsteadyspeedsitrunsonlyonpetrol.Whenslowingdownorbreaking，theelectricmotorrechargesitsbatteries.Hybridcarsarebetterfortheenvironmentbecausetheyhaveamuchsmallerenginethanatraditionalcar.A lso，hybridcarsonthemarketaremadeusingmaterialssuchasaluminumandcarbonfiber，whichmakesthemextremelylight.Bothofthemmeanthattheyuselesspetrolthannormalcars，sotheyproducelesspollution.Ofcourse，hybridcarsaren’tperfect; theystillrunonfossilfuelsandsopollutetheenvironmenttoacertaindegree.However，theymaybethefirststepalongtheroadtocleaner，“greener”cars.Carmanufacturersarealreadyworkingonvehicleswhichrunonhydrogengivingoffharmless watervapor.Itlookslikewemightbeheadingintherightdirection.25．Whatcanweknowaboutthevehicleswhichranonelectricmotors?A．Theymovedveryfast.B．Theywereunpopular.C．Theirengineswereoftenreplaced.D．Theirengineswereexpensive.26．Howdoesthecomputerinahybridcarfunction?A．Itkeepsthecarrunningsteadily.B．Itdirectsthecartoclimbhills.C．Itdecideswheretopowerthecar.D．Itcontrolshowthecarusespower.27．WhatdoestheunderlinedpartrefertoinParagraph5?A．Car’ssmallerengineandspecialmaterials.B．Electricmotorandpetrolengine.C．Hybridcarandhydrogencar.D．Aluminumandcarbonfiber.28．What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A．Cars’Engines B．CarPollutionC．GreenCars D．Cars’AdvantagesⅣ.完形填空IwasconfusedwhileIwaseatinglunchinarestauranttheotherday.IwassittingtherelookingatwhatI’d 29andwonderedifanyoneelsecouldseethe30inmymind.I’maboutto31alotoffatandwashitdownwithadietsod a.WhatcanIsay？I’mtryingtolosesomeweight.32，Idothingslikethatallthetime，whichisprobablywhythepoundsare33soslowly.Ispendhalfanhouronthetreadmill(跑步机) andI34myselfwithpotatochips.I35thatIwillnolongereatthemagain，soIjusteatalotatthistime.Imakeitallthewaythroughtheentiredaydoingeverythingabsolutelyright，andthenatbedtime“justonechipwon’t36it”turnsinto“wheredidthatentirebagofpotatochipsgo？”Ofcourse，I37dowellwithmyweightlossprogram.OnceIputtogethertwofullweeksofeatingproperlyandexercising38.I wasstartingtofeela(n)39.Icouldbendovertotiemyshoesmoreeasily.Butjustasitwasabouttobecomea40，Ienteredaperiodoflong，latenightsfilledwith41deadlines.Isatinfrontofmycomputer，eatingsnacksanddrinkingsodastohelpmestay42.Withinafewdays，thehabitofasensibleeatingandexercisingwasa43.Unfortunatebut44，Iwastootiredtogetonthetreadmill.45，Ihadworktodo，forwhichIneededalltheenergyIcould46.SoIstartedskippingexercisesessions.And47Istarteddoingso，itbecameeasiertoskipthem.Therearealwaysreasonsnottodothethingsthatwereallyshoulddo.Everyreasonisjustanother48.29．A.cooked B．orderedC．designed D．introduced 30．A.battle B．competition C．performance D．practice 31．A.burn B．contain C．lose D．consume 32．A.Surprisingly B．Happily C．Unfortunately D．Hopefully 33．ingoff B．passingaway C．takingoff D．turningaway 34．A.equip B．connect C．present D．reward 35．A.agree B．pretend C．imagine D．decide 36．A.hurt B．count C．change D．solve 37．A.always B．sometimes C．seldom D．never 38．A.hardly B．instantly C．regularly D．slightly 39．A.urge B．attraction C．difference D．pain 40．A.plan B．habit C．game D．hobby 41．A.original B．common C．inspiring D．tight 42．A.awake B．calm C．healthy D．strong 43．A.goal B．memory C．reality D．trend 44．A.unbelievable B．changeable C．understandable D．enjoyable 45．A.Therefore B．HoweverC．BesidesD．Otherwise 46．ckB．save C．showD．throw 47．A.onceB．before C．unlessD．though 48．A.choiceB．fault C．cause D．excuse答案解析Ⅰ.1.toknow2.to3.hasbrought4.directly5.invention6．convenience 7.with 8.absolutely9.including ing Ⅱ.11.Therobotswillbedesignedtolooklikepeopletomakethem ∧more attractiveandeasiertoselltothepubli c.12．Acomputernetworkallowsuserstoshareresourcesincluding equipments equipmentandinformation.13．Butsomeonepointsoutitsdisadvantages，forexamples ，ithassomuchjunkinformationthat bother bothers usalot.14．Ifourgovernmentdoitwell，I full fullybelievethattheInternetwillprovidemoreconvenienceforus.15．Themoderntransportbenefitsourlife ，thoughsomepeoplealsocriticizeit so becausethere’remanyaccidents.16．Actually，robotsofreallifealsohavedifferentkindsoffunctionsandtheygiveto\usmuchhelp.17．Weliveinanage whichwhenmoreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.18．Thenewtechnology，if applyingappliedtoricegrowing，willhelpincreasethegrainoutput.19．Hethoughtthatthekeytofeedfeedingpeoplewastohavemorericeandtoproduceitmorequickly.20．Iwanttointroduceoneofthemostinfluentialmodern inventioninventionsinourlife—thecomputernetwork.Ⅲ.语篇解读本文介绍了一项新的研究成果：绵羊能够从照片中识别人脸。

话题10：科普知识与现代技术--题型专练阅读（2020年全国Ⅰ卷D）The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step further--changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. “We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,” explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow (发光) in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light，about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)--such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway--a lot of energy is lost during transmission (传输). Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.1. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. A new study of different plants.B. A big fall in crime rates.C. Employees from various workplaces.D. Benefits from green plants.2. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer?A. To detect plants’ lack of water.B. To change compositions of plants.C. To make the life of plants longer.D. To test chemicals in plants.3. What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?A. They will speed up energy production.B. They may transmit electricity to the home.C. They might help reduce energy consumption.D. They could take the place of power plants.4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Can we grow more glowing plants?B. How do we live with glowing plants?C. Could glowing plants replace lamps?According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions (份), it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.To test the effect of social influence on eating habits the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly (表面上) participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we’re making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she’s having” effect. However, we’ll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I’ll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I’ll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can’t I?1. What is the recent study mainly about?A. Food safety.B. Movie viewership.C. Consumer demand.D. Eating behavior.2. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to?A. Big eaters.B. Overweight persons.C. Picky eaters.D. Tall thin persons.3. Why did the researchers hire the actor?A. To see how she would affect the participants.B. To test if the participants could recognize her.C. To find out what she would do in the two tests.D. To study why she could keep her weight down.4. On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph?A. How hungry we are.B. How slim we want to be.Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1,000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests. Then, for eight years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months to take the same sorts of tests.Those who had held mentally stimulating, demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests. And they tended to lose cognitive（认知）function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally challenging jobs. The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants’ overall health status.“This works just like physical exercise,” says Francisca Then, who led the study. “ After a long run, you may feel like you’re in pain, you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. After a long day at work--sure, you will feel tired, but it can help your brain stay healthy.”It’s not just corporate jobs, or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit, then points out. A waiter’s job, for example, that requires multitasking, teamwork and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any high-level office work. And “running a family household requires high-level planning and coordinating（协调）,” she says. “ You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries.”Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons-including other environmental influences or genetic factors. Still, continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help.1.Why did the scientists ask the volunteers to take the tests?A.To assess their health status.B. To evaluate their work habits.C.To analyze their personality.D.To measure their mental ability.2.How does Francisca Then explain her findings in Paragraph 4?A. By using an expert’s words.B. By making a comparison.C. By referring to another studyD. By introducing a concept3.Which of the following is the best title for the text?A.Retired Workers Can Pick Up New SkillsB.Old People Should Take Challenging JobsC.Your Tough Job Might Help Keep You Sharp阅读理解二答案：1.D 2.D 3.A 4.C阅读理解三答案：1.D 2.B 3.CAssignmentPassage1【2020天津C】For people, who are interested in sound, the field of sound technology is definitely making noise. In the past, sound engineers worked in the back rooms of recording studios, but many of today’s sound professionals are sharing their knowledge and experience with professionals in other fields to create new products based on the phenomenon we call sound.Sound can be used as a weapon. Imagine that a police officer is chasing a thief. The thief tries to escape. And the officer can’t let him get away. He pulls out a special device, points it at the suspect, and switches it on. The thief drops to the ground. This new weapon is called a Long Range Acoustic Device(LRAD, 远程定向声波发射器). It produces a deafening sound so painful that it temporarily disables a person. The noise from the LRAD is directed like a ray of light and travelsonly into the ears of that person, but it is not deadly.For those who hunger for some peace and quiet, sound can now create silence. Let’s say you are at the airport, and the little boy on the seat next to you is humming(哼唱) a short commercial song. He hums it over and over again, and you are about to go crazy. Thanks to the Silence Machine, a British invention, you can get rid of the sound without upsetting the boy or his parents. One may wonder how the Silence Machine works. Well, it functions by analyzing the waves of the incoming sound and creating a second set of outgoing waves. The two sets of waves cancel each other out. Simply turn the machine or point it at the target, and your peace and quiet comes back.Directed sound is a new technology that allows companies to use sound in much the same way spotlights(聚光灯) are used in the theater. A spotlight lights up only one section of a stage; similarly, “spotsound” creates a circle of sound in on targeted area. This can be useful for businesses such as restaurants and stores because it offers a new way to attract customers. Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu, allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining. Directed sound is also beginning to appear in shopping centers and even at homes.46．What could be inferred from Paragraph 2 about the effect of the LRAD?A．It causes temporary hearing loss.B．It slows down a running man.C．It makes it easy to identify a suspect.D．It keeps the suspect from hurting others. 47．The Silence Machine is a device specially designed to ________.A．silence the people around you B．remove the sound of commercials C．block the incoming sound waves D．stop unwanted sound from affecting you 48．What feature do spotsounds and spotlights share?A．They travel in circles.B．They clear the atmosphere.C．They can be transformed into energy.D．They can be directed onto a specific area. 49．Directed sound can be used for ________.A．creative designs of restaurant menus B．ideal sound effects on the theater stage C．different choices of music for businesses D．strict control over any suspicious customer 50．What does the passage focus on?A．How professionals invented sound products.B．Inventions in the field of sound technology.C．The growing interest in the study of sound.【答案】46．A47．D48．D49．C50．B【解析】这是一篇说明文。

第17题阅读理解The Japanese have always been at the forefront at deploying robots to perform jobs that are traditionally done by humans. Over the past year, humanoid robots have been seen helping customers at the Mitsubishi Bank and even filling in for human science communicators at museums. Therefore, it is not surprising to hear that the country has the world's first hotel that is staffed almost entirely by the Androids!The aptly(巧妙地）named Henn-na ("strange" in Japanese)Hotel which opened its doors on July 17 is located at Nagasaki's Huis Ten Bosch theme park.. It is the idea of Hideo Sawada, a Japanese businessman who is fascinated by the possibility of replacing humans with robots. His aim is to have this futuristic hotel be run mainly by the intelligent humanoids .Guests checking-in are welcomed by a family friendly English-speaking robot wearing a bow tie andbell-hop(侍者）hat. Though experienced at his job, he does request guests not to ask him "a difficult question "since he is after all," just a robot!"Those seeking a more" regular" experience, can approach the human-likeJapanese-speaking robot.When ready, visitors can request the robot "porters" to help carry belongings to their room. Those that need to stow away valuables can hand them to a helpful robot who will place them inside an individual safe box in exchange for a small fee. A one-foot-high concierge is available to provide information about the hotel's amenities, nearby attractions, and even order a taxi if needed.So how much does it cost to live in this crazy cool hotel? It depends on when you decide to go. During the low season, guests can get away with paying as little $ 60 a night for a basic room. However, during the peak season when rates are determined by an online auction, the price can get as high as $153.1. What is Hideo Sawada interested in?A. Making different kinds of robots.B. Taking the place of humans with robots.C. Setting up more hotels run by robots.D. Making robots more intelligent.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。

第17练科普知识与现代技术基础巩固Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．TheInternethasenabledus(know) andunderstandthewholeworldmuchbetter. 2．However，someofscientificinventionshaveevencausedgreatharmmankind. 3．Therapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology(bring) aboutgreatchangestohumanlifesofar.4．Iwilltellyou(direct) thatscientistsarethosewhopromotethesocialprogress.5．In18thcentury，the(invent) ofthesteamengineledtothefirstIndustrialRevolution. 6．Weneedtoacceptthefactthatthesemoderninventionshavebroughtmuch(convenient) tous.7．Incontrast，thisconditionjustindicatesthatourlifeisconnectedmoderninventionsclosely. 8．WhyIsayitnormalisbecauseIbelievethatnothingis(absolute) goodandrightforus. 9．Exceptforthemoderninventionsoftransport，thereareplentyofotherthings，(include) robots.10．Wecandomanythingsthatwe didn’thavetheabilitytodointhepastby(use) robots.Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误) 11．Therobotswillbedesignedtolooklikepeopletomakethemattractiveandeasiertosellto thepublic. 12．Acomputernetworkallowsuserstoshareresourcesincludingequipmentsandinformation. 13．Butsomeonepointsoutitsdisadvantages，forexamples，ithassomuchjunkinformationthatbotherusalot.14．Ifourgovernmentdoitwell，IfullbelievethattheInternetwillprovidemoreconvenienceforus. 15．Themoderntransportbenefitsourlife，thoughsomepeoplealsocriticizeitsothere’remanyaccidents.16．Actually，robotsofreallifealsohavedifferentkindsoffunctionsandtheygivetousmuchhelp. 17．Weliveinanagewhichmoreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore. 18．Thenewtechnology，ifapplyingtoricegrowing，willhelpincreasethegrainoutput. 19．Hethoughtthatthekeytofeedpeoplewastohavemorericeandtoproduceitmorequickly. 20．Iwanttointroduceoneofthemostinfluentialmoderninventioninourlife—thecomputer network.能力提升Ⅲ.阅读理解A(2018·辽宁葫芦岛一模)AccordingtoanewresearchfromtheUniversityofCambridgeinEngland，sheepareabletorecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs.Thefarmanimals，whoaresocialandhavelargebrains，werepreviouslyknowntobeabletorecognizeoneanother，aswellasfamiliarhumans.However，theirabilitytorecognizehumanfacesfromphotosaloneisnovel.Therecentstudy，theresultsofwhichwerepublishedinthejournal RoyalSociety showedthatthewoollycreatur escouldbetrainedtorecognizestillimagesofhumanfaces，includingthoseofformerPresidentBarackObamaandactressEmmaWatson.Initially，ter，theywereabletorecognizetheimagesforwhichtheyhadbeenrewarded.Thesheepcouldevenrec ognizeimagesoffacesshownatanangle，thoughtheirabilitytodosodeclinedbyabout15percent—thesamerateatwhicha human’sabi litytoperformthesametaskdeclines.“Anyonewhohasspenttimeworkingwithsheepwillknow thattheyareintelligentandindividualanimalswhoareabletorecognizetheirhandlers.”s aidProfessorJennyMorton，wholedtheCambridgestudy.“We’veshownwithourstudythatsheephaveadvancedface­recognitionabilities，closetothoseofhumansandmonkeys.”Recognizingfacesisoneofthemostimportantsocialskillsforhumanbeings，andsomedisordersofthebrain，includingHuntington’sdisease，affectthisability.“Sheeparelong­livedandhavebrainsthataresimilarinsize andcomplexitytothoseofs omemonkeys.Thatmeanstheycanbeusefulmodelstohelpusunderstanddisordersofthebrain，suchasHuntington’sdiseasethatdevelopoveralongtimeandaffectcognitive(认知的) abilities.Ourstudygivesusanotherwaytomonitorhowtheseabilitieschange.”Mortonsaid .21．Accordingtothenewresearch，what’sunusualaboutsheep? A．Theyhavelargebrains.B．Theycanrecognizetheirowners.C．Theycantellanimalsfromhumans. D．Theycanrecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs. 22．Howdidtheresearcherstrainthesheep?A．Bygivingfoodrewards.B．Byshowingphotosoffamouspeople.C．Byguidingthemtofollowtheirhandlers. D．Byshowingphotosofhumansandmonkeysbyturns. 23．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Sheephaveahigherface­recognitionabilitythanmonkeys. B．Thenewdiscoveryisofgreatbenefittothestudyofcognitiveabilitychanges. C．Thesheep’sface­recognitionabilitymaypreventsomedisordersofthebrain. D．Thesheep’sface­recognitionabilitystaysthesamewhenshownphotosatanyangle. 24．What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．AWonderfulScientistB．TheLifeofSheepC．ANewDiscoveryAboutSheepD．HowSheepRecognizeEachOtherB(2018·四川内江一模)Inrecentyears，carmanufacturers(制造商) havebeenputunderpressuretoinventavehiclethatisbothcheapertorunandbetterfortheenv ironment.Oneofthefirstideasthatcarmanufacturerstriedwastoreplaceengineswhichrunonfossil(化石) fuelswithelectricmotors.Unfortunately，thesevehicleshadseveraldisadvantagesandtheydidn’tsellverywell.Theproblemswereth atthebatteriesoftheseelectriccarsranoutveryquicklyandtookalongtimetorecharge.However，carmanufacturershaveimprovedtheconcept.Thisiswherethehybridcar，whichhasbothanelectricmotorandatraditionalpetrolengine，comesin.Theelectricmotorneverneedstoberechargedanditismuchbetterfortheplanetthan atraditionalcar.Inahybridcar，theengineiscontrolledbyacomputerwhichdetermineswhetherthecarrunsonpetrol，electricity，orboth.Whenthecarneedsmaximumpower，forexample，ifitisacceleratingorclimbingasteephill，itusesallofitsresources(资源)，butatsteadyspeedsitrunsonlyonpetrol.Whenslowingdownorbreaking，theelectricmotorrechargesitsbatteries.Hybridcarsarebetterfortheenvironmentbecausetheyhaveamuchsmallerenginethanatr aditionalcar.Also，hybridcarsonthemarketaremadeusingmaterialssuchasaluminumandcarbonfiber，whichmakesthemextremelylight.Bothofthemmeanthattheyuselesspetrolthannormalcars，sotheyproducelesspollution.Ofcourse，hybridcarsaren’tperfect; theystillrunonfossilfuelsandsopollutetheenvironmenttoacertaindegree.However，theymaybethefirststepalongtheroadtocleaner，“greener”cars.Carmanufacturersarealreadyworkingonvehicleswhichrunonhydrogengiv ingoffharmlesswatervapor.Itlookslikewemightbeheadingintherightdirection. 25．Whatcanweknowaboutthevehicleswhichranonelectricmotors? A．Theymovedveryfast.B．Theywereunpopular.C．Theirengineswereoftenreplaced.D．Theirengineswereexpensive.26．Howdoesthecomputerinahybridcarfunction?A．Itkeepsthecarrunningsteadily.B．Itdirectsthecartoclimbhills.C．Itdecideswheretopowerthecar.D．Itcontrolshowthecarusespower. 27．WhatdoestheunderlinedpartrefertoinParagraph5?A．Car’ssmallerengineandspecialmaterials.B．Electricmotorandpetrolengine.C．Hybridcarandhydrogencar.D．Aluminumandcarbonfiber.28．What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A．Cars’Engines B．CarPollutionC．GreenCars D．Cars’AdvantagesⅣ.完形填空IwasconfusedwhileIwaseatinglunchinarestauranttheotherday.Iwassittingthereloo kingatwhatI’d29andwonderedifanyoneelsecouldseethe30inmymind.I’maboutto31alotof fatandwashitdownwithadietsoda.WhatcanIsay？I’mtryingtolosesomeweight.32，Idothingslikethatallthetime，whichisprobablywhythepoundsare33soslowly.Ispendhalfanhouronthetreadmill(跑步机) andI34myselfwithpotatochips.I35thatIwillnolongereatthemagain，soIjusteatalotatthistime.Imakeitallthewaythroughtheentiredaydoingeverythingabsol utelyright，andthenatbedtime“justonechipwon’t36it”turnsinto“wheredidthatentirebagofpotat ochipsgo？”Ofcourse，I37dowellwithmyweightlossprogram.OnceIputtogethertwofullweeksofeatingproperlyand exercising38.Iwasstartingtofeela(n)39.Icouldbendovertotiemyshoesmoreeasily.Butjustasitwasabouttobecomea40，Ienteredaperiodoflong，latenightsfilledwith41deadlines.Isatinfrontofmycomputer，eatingsnacksanddrinkingsodastohelpmestay42.Withinafewdays，thehabitofasensibleeatingandexercisingwasa43.Unfortunatebut44，Iwastootiredtogetonthetreadmill.45，Ihadworktodo，forwhichIneededalltheenergyIcould46.SoIstartedskippingexercisesessions.And47Ista rteddoingso，itbecameeasiertoskipthem.Therearealwaysreasonsnottodothethingsthatwereallyshoulddo.Everyreasonisjusta nother48.29．A.cooked B．orderedC．designed D．introduced30．A.battle B．competitionC．performance D．practice31．A.burn B．contain C．lose D．consume 32．A.Surprisingly B．Happily C．Unfortunately D．Hopefully 33．ingoff B．passingaway C．takingoff D．turningaway 34．A.equip B．connect C．present D．reward 35．A.agree B．pretend C．imagine D．decide 36．A.hurt B．count C．change D．solve 37．A.always B．sometimes C．seldom D．never 38．A.hardly B．instantly C．regularly D．slightly 39．A.urge B．attraction C．difference D．pain 40．A.plan B．habit C．game D．hobby 41．A.original B．common C．inspiring D．tight 42．A.awake B．calm C．healthy D．strong 43．A.goal B．memory C．reality D．trend 44．A.unbelievable B．changeable C．understandable D．enjoyable 45．A.Therefore B．However C．Besides D．Otherwise 46．ck B．save C．show D．throw 47．A.once B．before C．unless D．though48．A.choiceB ．faultC ．causeD ．excuse答案解析Ⅰ.1.toknow 2.to 3.hasbrought 4.directly 5.invention6．convenience 7.with8.absolutely 9.including ingⅡ.11.Therobotswillbedesignedtolooklikepeopletomakethem∧moreattractiveandeasiertoselltothepublic.12．Acomputernetworkallowsuserstoshareresourcesincluding equipments equipmentandinformation. 13．Butsomeonepointsoutitsdisadvantages ，forexamples ，ithassomuchjunkinformationthat bother bothersusalot. 14．Ifourgovernmentdoitwell ，I full fullybelievethattheInternetwillprovidemoreconvenienceforus.15．Themoderntransportbenefitsourlife ，thoughsomepeoplealsocriticizeit so because there’remanyaccidents.16．Actually ，robotsofreallifealsohavedifferentkindsoffunctionsandtheygiveto\usmuchhelp.17．Weliveinanage which whenmoreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore. 18．Thenewtechnology ，if applying appliedtoricegrowing ，willhelpincreasethegrainoutput.19．Hethoughtthatthekeytofeedfeedingpeoplewastohavemorericeandtoproduceitmorequickly.20．Iwanttointroduceoneofthemostinfluentialmodern invention inventionsinourlife—thecomputernetwork.Ⅲ.语篇解读本文介绍了一项新的研究成果：绵羊能够从照片中识别人脸。