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高中外语竞赛试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following words is spelled incorrectly?A. AccomplishmentB. AcknowledgeC. AcquaintenceD. Acquaintance2. The sentence "She is very ______ in her work" is best completed with:A. meticulousB. meticuloussC. meticulousnessD. meticulouser3. In the context of the sentence, which word is a synonym for "unpredictable"?A. PredictableB. UnforeseenC. ExpectedD. Certain4. The phrase "to turn a blind eye" means:A. To look carefullyB. To ignore intentionallyC. To see clearlyD. To close one's eyes5. Which of the following sentences is grammatically correct?A. She has more books than me.B. She has more books than I.C. She has more books than mine.D. She has more books than I do.6. The word "antediluvian" is used to describe something that is:A. Very old or outdatedB. Related to the BibleC. Associated with a floodD. Modern and up-to-date7. The correct preposition to complete the sentence "She is looking ______ the window" is:A. inB. onC. throughD. over8. The phrase "to break the ice" means:A. To start a conversationB. To make something coldC. To freeze waterD. To shatter a piece of ice9. The word "facetious" is closest in meaning to:A. SeriousB. HumorousC. AngryD. Sad10. The sentence "He is a ______ person" is best completed with:A. loquaciousB. reticentC. verboseD. taciturn二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）11. The opposite of "optimistic" is ______.12. "To ______ one's head in shame" means to feel very embarrassed or guilty.13. The word "serendipity" refers to the occurrence of ______ events or discoveries.14. "To ______ the waters" means to test a situation cautiously before fully engaging.15. "A ______ horse" is a metaphor for a person who is very hardworking and reliable.16. "To ______ in one's tracks" means to stop suddenly, often out of surprise or fear.17. "A ______ situation" is one that is very difficult to get out of or escape from.18. "To ______ a bone" means to give someone a small piece of information, often to satisfy their curiosity.19. "To ______ the day" means to celebrate or enjoy a special day.20. "A ______ person" is someone who is very careful and precise in their work.三、阅读理解（每题3分，共30分）阅读下面的短文，然后回答问题。
2023年高中英语学联赛北京初赛竞赛试题第一部分：听力理解（共20题）请听录音，在每个题目后面选出你认为正确的答案。
1. How many people are there in the conversation?a) Three.b) Four.c) Five.d) Six.2. What does the man like to do in his free time?a) Play sports.b) Read books.c) Watch movies.d) Cook.3. Where does the conversation most probably take place?a) At a restaurant.b) At a bookstore.c) At a library.d) At a park.4. What does the woman think of the documentary?a) She found it interesting.b) She found it boring.c) She hasn't watched it yet.d) She doesn't like documentaries.5. What is the main purpose of the talk?a) To introduce a new course.b) To discuss class schedules.c) To announce a school event.d) To plan a field trip....(Note: Please note that the actual test will have multiple-choice options and corresponding correct answers provided.)第二部分：阅读理解（共2篇，每篇5个问题）请阅读以下文章，并回答相关问题。
新余市高中英语竞赛试题一、听力部分（共20分）A. 短对话理解（每题1分，共5分）1. 根据对话内容，选择正确的答案。
- 男：Excuse me, could you tell me where the library is? - 女：Sure, it's just across the street.- 问题：Where is the library?- 选项：A. Next to the street. B. Across the street. C. Behind the street.2. 至5题，略。
B. 长对话理解（每题2分，共10分）6. 根据对话内容，选择正确的答案。
- 男：I heard you're going to study abroad next year.- 女：Yes, I'm planning to apply for a scholarship.- 问题：What is the woman planning to do?- 选项：A. Apply for a job. B. Apply for a scholarship. C. Plan a trip.7. 至10题，略。
C. 短文理解（每题3分，共5分）11. 根据短文内容，选择正确的答案。
- 短文：The city government has decided to build a new park in the downtown area to improve the living environment for the citizens.- 问题：What is the city government going to do?- 选项：A. Build a new park. B. Close the old park. C.Start a new project.12. 至15题，略。
英语竞赛高中试题及答案一、听力理解（共20分）1. What does the man suggest they do?A. Go to the beach.B. Visit a museum.C. Watch a movie.D. Stay at home.2. How much will the woman pay for the tickets?A. $10.B. $15.C. $20.D. $25.3. Why is the man late?A. He got stuck in traffic.B. He forgot the time.C. He had to work overtime.D. He lost his way.4. What is the woman's opinion about the play?A. It was boring.B. It was interesting.C. It was too long.D. It was disappointing.5. What is the relationship between the two speakers?A. Teacher and student.B. Boss and employee.C. Friends.D. Strangers.听力理解答案：1. B2. C3. A4. B5. C二、阅读理解（共30分）AThe Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest coral reef system, stretching over 2,300 kilometers along the northeastern coast of Australia. It is composed of over 2,900 individual reefs and 900 islands, making it an incredibly diverse and vibrant ecosystem. The Great Barrier Reef is home to a wide variety of marine life, including more than 1,500 species of fish and 400 types of coral.6. What is the Great Barrier Reef?A. A coral reef system.B. A group of islands.C. A marine life sanctuary.D. A coastal city in Australia.7. How long is the Great Barrier Reef?A. 2,300 meters.B. 2,300 kilometers.C. 2,900 kilometers.D. 1,500 kilometers.BThe invention of the telephone revolutionized communicationin the late 19th century. Alexander Graham Bell is credited with inventing the telephone in 1876. His invention allowed people to talk to each other over long distances for thefirst time, which greatly facilitated business, personal relationships, and emergency services.8. Who is considered the inventor of the telephone?A. Thomas Edison.B. Alexander Graham Bell.C. Nikola Tesla.D. The Wright brothers.9. What year was the telephone invented?A. 1867.B. 1876.C. 1886.D. 1896.阅读理解答案：6. A7. B8. B9. B三、完形填空（共20分）The story of the tortoise and the hare is a well-known fable. The hare, confident in his speed, 10 a race with the tortoise. The tortoise, slow but steady, won the race because the hare 11 and took a long nap.10. A. acceptedB. rejectedC. suggestedD. ignored11. A. hesitatedB. boastedC. racedD. slept完形填空答案：10. C 11. D四、语法填空（共15分）The Internet has changed the way we live and work. It 12 a platform for people to communicate and share information. With the help of the Internet, we can 13 (easy) find information and 14 (quick) communicate with others.12. A. providedB. requiredC. demandedD. supplied13. A. easilyB. easyC. easynessD. ease14. A. quicklyB. quickC. quicknessD. quicken语法填空答案：12. A 13. A 14. A五、短文改错（共15分）There are many ways to keep healthy. First of all, you should have a healthy lifestyle. For example, you should eat more vegetables and fruit. You also should do exercise every day. Besides, you should keep a good mood. It is important to have a good rest, too.短文改错答案：1. "There" 改为 "There're"2. "you should eat" 改为 "you should eat"3. "and fruit" 后加 "and"4. "You also should" 改为 "You should also"5. "do exercise" 改为 "exercise"6. "Besides" 改为 "In addition"7. "keep a good mood" 改为 "keep a good mood"8. "It is important" 改为 "It's important"9. "have a good rest" 改为 "have a good。
高中英语比赛试题及答案一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is NOT a reason for teenagers to have a part-time job?A. To earn money for their own use.B. To gain work experience.C. To improve their social skills.D. To avoid doing homework.答案：D2. The phrase "break a leg" is commonly used to wish someone good luck in the following situation EXCEPT:A. Before a performance.B. Before an exam.C. Before a sports competition.D. Before a job interview.3. Which of the following is the correct usage of the word "although"?A. Although he was tired, he continued to work.B. He continued to work, although he was tired.C. Although he was tired, he continued to work, but he made many mistakes.D. He continued to work, although he was tired, but he made many mistakes.答案：A4. The sentence "She is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen" is an example of:A. A comparative sentence.B. A superlative sentence.C. An exclamatory sentence.D. An interrogative sentence.5. What is the meaning of the word "meticulous"?A. Careless.B. Sloppy.C. Careful and precise.D. Confused.答案：C6. In the sentence "The book was so interesting that I read it in one sitting," the phrase "in one sitting" means:A. In a single class.B. In one day.C. In one evening.D. Without stopping.答案：D7. The word "elude" is closest in meaning to:A. To forget.B. To remember.C. To avoid.D. To capture.答案：C8. The phrase "a shot in the dark" is used to describe:A. A guess without much information.B. A successful attempt.C. A medical injection.D. A target practice.答案：A9. Which of the following is the correct order of adjectives in the sentence "She is a kind, intelligent, and hardworking teacher"?A. Opinion, Intelligence, Age.B. Age, Opinion, Intelligence.C. Opinion, Intelligence, Effort.D. Effort, Intelligence, Opinion.答案：C10. The word "facetious" is an antonym for:A. Serious.B. Humorous.C. Angry.D. Sad.答案：A二、完形填空（每题2分，共20分）阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从11-20各题所给的选项中，选择最佳选项填空。
英语竞赛高中试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following words is spelled incorrectly?A. seperateB. separateC. seprateD. seporate2. The teacher asked the students to ________ the sentences into English.A. translateB. transplateC. transferD. transform3. The ________ of the book is very attractive.A. coverB. covererC. covorD. covre4. She is ________ to win the prize.A. possibleB. probableC. likelyD. probable5. The ________ of the meeting was to discuss the new project.A. purposeB. proposeC. proposeD. propose6. He is ________ to be a good teacher.A. qualifiedB. qualifyC. qualifyingD. qualification7. The ________ of the company is very important.A. successB. successfulC. successfullyD. succeed8. The ________ of the book is very interesting.A. contentB. contentsC. contextD. context9. The ________ of the house is very beautiful.A. outsideB. outsidesC. outsiderD. outside10. The ________ of the movie is very exciting.A. plotB. plotC. plotsD. plot二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The ________ (重要的) of the meeting was to discuss the new project.2. She is ________ (可能的) to win the prize.3. The ________ (封面) of the book is very attractive.4. He is ________ (有资格的) to be a good teacher.5. The ________ (成功) of the company is very important.6. The ________ (内容) of the book is very interesting.7. The ________ (外观) of the house is very beautiful.8. The ________ (情节) of the movie is very exciting.9. The ________ (翻译) of the sentences into English is not easy.10. The ________ (目的) of the meeting was to discuss the new project.三、阅读理解（每题3分，共30分）阅读下面的短文，然后回答问题。
全国性英语竞赛高中试题
一、听力理解（共20分）
1. 短对话理解（每题1分，共10分）
- 听一段对话，回答一个相关问题。
2. 长对话理解（每题2分，共10分）
- 听一段较长的对话，回答几个相关问题。
二、词汇与语法（共30分）
1. 词汇填空（每题1分，共10分）
- 根据句子的语境，选择正确的词汇填空。
2. 语法选择题（每题2分，共20分）
- 根据语法规则，选择正确的选项。
三、阅读理解（共30分）
1. 快速阅读（每题1分，共10分）
- 阅读一篇短文，回答几个基于文章内容的问题。
2. 深度阅读（每题2分，共20分）
- 阅读一篇较长的文章，回答几个需要深度理解的问题。
四、完形填空（共10分）
- 阅读一篇有空白的短文，从选项中选择最合适的词汇填入空白处。
五、翻译（共10分）
1. 英译汉（5分）
- 将给定的英文句子翻译成中文。
2. 汉译英（5分）
- 将给定的中文句子翻译成英文。
六、写作（共20分）
- 根据给定的题目，写一篇不少于120字的英语短文。
注意事项：
- 请在规定时间内完成所有题目。
- 答题前请仔细阅读题目要求。
- 保持答题卡整洁，以便评分。
结束语：
希望这份试题能够帮助参赛者更好地准备即将到来的全国性英语竞赛。
通过不断的练习和学习，相信每位参赛者都能够在比赛中取得优异的
成绩。
祝所有参赛者好运！。
2023年高中英语竞赛试题及答案第一部分：阅读理解（共20小题，每题2分，共40分）1. 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并将答案填涂在答题卡上。
Passage 1Sports have always played an important role in my life. I grow up, and still live, in a small town, where activities are limited. School sports were my only form of athletics for quite a long time. And as much as I love basketball, it can't be played all year round.What to do, what to do? Thankfully, my mom showed me how to have fun with one of her favorite childhood pastimes: roller skating. When I was eight years old, she would take me to a small roller skating rink about 45 minutes away from my house. There, we would join dozens of other children and parents, and spend a good three hoursskating around the rink. The echoes of my wheels against the smooth wooden floor, the cheers from the crowd, and the smell of popcorn are all things that I will never forget. My mom was my partner in crime back then. Together we would skate around the rink, trying to race past the other skaters as fast as we could. She'd always let me win, but I never told her that I always let her win.Then, at around 2pm, we would take off our skates and head over to the small café attached to the rink. There, we would treat ourselves to some of the best hot dogs in the area. To this day, I can hardly finish a hot dog without getting those pangs of nostalgia and rolling back to the days of my mom, roller skates, and hot dogs.1. The author's mom taught him how to roller skate because__________.A. he loved basketballB. he lived in a small townC. he couldn't play basketball all year roundD. he had no other activities to do2. The author and his mom used to skate __________.A. just for funC. to race against othersD. to bond with each other...第二部分：完形填空（共20小题，每题1.5分，共30分）1. 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C 和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并将答案填涂在答题卡上。
高中英语竞赛试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分）阅读下列短文，然后根据短文内容回答后面的问题。
A篇In the past few years, there has been a growing interest in the use of robots in the workplace. Robots are being used in a variety of industries, from manufacturing to healthcare. The main advantage of using robots is that they can perform tasks that are dangerous or repetitive for humans. They can also work for longer hours without getting tired, which can increase productivity.However, there are also concerns about the impact of robots on employment. Some people worry that robots will replace human workers, leading to job losses. This is especially true in industries where tasks are highly repetitive and can be easily automated.1. What is the main advantage of using robots in the workplace? (5分)A. They can perform dangerous tasks.B. They can work for longer hours without getting tired.C. Both A and B.D. Neither A nor B.2. What is a concern regarding the use of robots? (5分)A. They can increase productivity.B. They might replace human workers.C. They are not suitable for all industries.D. They require a lot of maintenance.B篇The concept of a "smart home" is becoming more popular as technology advances. A smart home is a home that uses internet-connected devices to control and automate various aspects of the home, such as lighting, heating, and security. This can make life more convenient and comfortable for the residents.One of the main benefits of a smart home is energy efficiency. By automating the control of heating and lighting, a smart home can save energy and reduce costs. Additionally, smart homes can improve security by allowing residents to monitor their home remotely and receive alerts when there is a security breach.3. What is a smart home? (5分)A. A home that uses technology to automate tasks.B. A home that is energy inefficient.C. A home that is not secure.D. A home that is not comfortable.4. What is one of the benefits of a smart home? (5分)A. It can make life more convenient.B. It can save energy and reduce costs.C. It can improve security.D. Both A and C.二、完形填空（共20分）阅读下面的短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择一个最佳答案填空。
高中英语竞赛试题及答案一、听力理解（共20分）1. What does the man mean by saying "It's raining cats and dogs"?A. It's raining heavily.B. It's raining with thunder and lightning.C. It's raining with a lot of wind.D. It's raining with a lot of snow.答案：A2. How many people are there in the woman's family?A. Three.B. Four.C. Five.D. Six.答案：B二、阅读理解（共30分）阅读下面的短文，然后回答3-5题。
A New Way to TravelWith the development of technology, a new way of travel has been introduced to the public. This method allows people to travel at high speeds without the need for traditional fuel. It is expected to revolutionize the transportation industry.3. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The impact of technology on travel.B. A new way of travel.C. The future of the transportation industry.D. The need for traditional fuel in travel.答案：B4. What is the advantage of the new travel method mentioned in the passage?A. It's fast.B. It's cheap.C. It's environmentally friendly.D. It uses traditional fuel.答案：A5. What does the author think about the new travel method?A. It will change the transportation industry.B. It will replace traditional travel methods.C. It will be popular among travelers.D. It will face many challenges.答案：A三、完形填空（共20分）阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项填入空白处。
高中英语竞赛试题第一卷（三部分，共115分）第一部分：听力（共两节，满分20分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话只读一遍。
1.What caused the fire?A. A careless smoker.B. A broken wire line.C. Some unknown cause.2.What does the woman mean?A. The man should be the one to speak to Paul.B. The man should repair theradio himself.C. There is no need for him to say “sorry”.3.Where are the two speakers having the dialogue?A. In the street.B. On a busC. At the bus stop.4.What does the woman mean?A. The old house should be turned into stores.B. The shop center is quite old.C. New shopping center are very common.5.Where does the woman prefer to live?A. In the countryside.B. In the city.C. In the small town.第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分 1 5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将会有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，你有5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话只读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7两个小题。
6.Where does the conversation take place?A. At the ticket office.B. On the plane.C. At the check in counter.7.What will the woman have to carry to reduce the weight of her luggage?A. The shoulder bag.B. The dictionary.C. The hand bag.听第7段材料，回答第8至10三个小题。
8.What tickets does the man want to buy?A. For the pop star sport.B. For pop music concerts.C. For the musicconference.9.On which day will the man g to the concert?A. Thursday.B. Friday.C. Sunday10.Which of the following does the man least care about?A. The date of the ticket.B. The price of the ticket.C. Whether the seats are together or not.听第8段材料，回答第11至13三个小题。
11.Where does the conversation take place?A. In a cafeteria（自助食堂）.B. In a café.C. In a bar.12.What WON’T the man have for the meal?A. Steak.B. Fried eggs.C. Coffee.13.Why do they choose this place to have meal?A. Because they can sit by the window.B. Because they can do some of the work.C. Because they can save some money.听第9段材料，回答第14至16三个小题。
14.Whom is the conversation going between?A. The manager and his secretary.B. The secretary and his wife.C. The husband and his wife.15.What’s the matter with the man?A. He has got a cold.B. He has got a cold and a headache.C. He has smoked too heavily.16.Which of the following statements is true?A. The man doesn’t want to go to work very much.B. The woman is a doctor.C. The man got a terrible cold and couldn’t go to work.听第10段材料，回答第17至20四个小题。
17.Where did the story happen?A. At a restaurant.B. At the speaker’s home.C. At the speaker’s friend’shome.18.How many friends did he invite to lunch?A. Three.B. Four.C. Five.19.How much did the writer pay for the meal in all?A. 1,000 yuan.B. 1260 yuan.C. 200 yuan for each person.20.Why does the writer say the experience was not so bad?A. Because they had a good lunch at a quiet place.B. The experience made himwiser.C. Both A and B.第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题一分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
21.Mention ____ word recycling and ____ few of us think of cars. But in ____ worldof limited space and resources, recycling is very important.A. a; a; theB. a; 不填; aC. the; 不填; aD. the; 不填; the22.—Isn’t it just five hundred? Let’s get it, darling.— ____, no idea of saving money.A. It’s just like youB. It’s not like youC. I agree with youD. That’sall right23.It was nearly an hour ____ the sleeping pill ____ effect.A. when; tookB. before; tookC. since; tookD. before; would take24.The woman c laimed ____ at the supermarket when she was doing shopping yesterday.A. being badly treatedB. having badly treatedC. to be badly treatedD. to have been badly treated25.As far as I know, the writer enjoys at least as much singing Beijing Opera ashe ____.A. does writingB. writesC. writingD. does to write26.So ____ that even the UN troops couldn’t control it.A. the situation of Iraq was complicatedB. complicated was the situationof IraqC. was the situation of Iraq complicatedD. complicated the situation of Iraqwas27.— I saw Bob carrying baggage for a stranger yesterday.— What a good fellow! He ____ others, especially those in trouble.A. is always helpingB. always helpedC. has always helpedD. had always helped28.— The singer looks very beautiful.— But she was very ugly before she tidied up her appearance（整容）. You ____ believe it!A. shouldn’tB. mustn’tC. wouldn’tD. might not29.When we hurried to the airport, the foreign friends ____ to get off the plane.A. had arrived waitingB. arrived waitingC. were arriving to waitD. hadarrived to wait30.— The mobile phone looks nice. Please show ____ to me.— Here you are, Madame.—Oh, wonderful! I’ll get it. My daughter just needs ____.A. that; itB. one; itC. it; oneD. it; it31.The negotiation had ____ without any result. And then came the war instead.A. been broken upB. to be broken offC. break upD. to break off32.On the contrary, I think it is Truman, ____ you, ____ to blame.A. more than; areB. less than; who areC. rather than; that isD. ratherthan; is33.— Are you going to travel this summer vacation?—No, I’ll have to do some part-time job for my next team study. ____, there’s SARS spreading.A. AlsoB. ThereforeC. HoweverD. Unluckily34.As a Chinese, we should often think ____ we can do more for our country.A. howB. whatC. of whatD. of how35.____ you from taking a hand in that affair, you ____ in prison.A. If I didn’t stop; would have stayedB. Had I stopped; would be stayingC. Shouldn’t I have stopped; would stayD. If I hadn’t stoppe d; would havestayed第二节完型填空（共20小题；每小题 1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36— 55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项Bodybuilding is a world away from high school physical education class, but now teenage boys36 having muscular bodies just like their 37 .Andy Lau played a 38 monk who h elps catch criminals（罪犯）in the film “Running on Karma”. Then 39 bodybuilder Arnold Schwarzenegger 40 the spotlight when he became governor of California, US, 41 that muscle-men have 42 too. People have tried to develop muscular bodies for centuries. But as a sport or form of exercise, bodybuilding is still quite 43 .Briton Eugen Sandow’s 44 at the 1893 World Columbian Exposition in Chicago is widely seen as the world’s 45 bodybuilding show. Many of his poses（姿势）are 46 used in competitions today. In 1940, the Mr. America contest became the firstworld bodybuilding competition, and it was 47 by the Mr. Universe contest in 1950 and the Mr. 48 competition 15 years after that.Some ask whether bodybuilding is really a sport, since the competitions only 49 posing, not any real athletic 50 . Diet, on the other hand, plays a much moreimportant role in bodybuilding than in any other sport.“It’s 51 to believe that all the athletes are close to 52 when they showoff their 53 on stage,” said Cao Xinli. She won the women’s championship at the National Bodybuilding Competition last week in Baotou.A coach explained: “The strict controls on diet and the hard training often 54 that bodybuilders are much 55 t han they look.” But despite the dangers, youngboys will still go to the gym in the hope of developing a better body.36. A. think of B. dream of C. know of D. are aware of37. A. heroes B. parents C. partners D. coaches38. A. physical B. spiritual C. bare-head D. muscular39. A. former B. latter C. earlier D. later40. A. made B. entered C. escaped D. controlled41. A. seeing B. finding C. proving D. explaining42. A. perseverance B. achievements C. feelings D. brains43. A. old B. young C. popular D. difficult44. A. appearance B. creation C. performance D. success45. A. first B. latest C. valuable D. unforgettable46. A. widely B. usually C. even D. still47. A. established B. judged C. joined D. stopped48. A. Olympia B. Alps C. Himalayas D. Pacific49. A. arrange B. require C. admit D. cause50. A. performance B. technique C. courage D. effort51. A. necessary B. unnecessary C. hard D. easy52. A. starvation B. victory C. fullness D. failure53. A. talents B. strengths C. muscles D. looks54. A. suggest B. mean C. cause D. indicate55. A. weaker B. stronger C. easier D. harder第四部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（ABC和D）中，选出最佳选项。
