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非谓语动词:英语中两个动词不能直接放在一起，要么加TO，要么加ING！不定式:to do (表示事情没做，将要做）动名词：V+ing现在分词：V+ing(表主动，进行）过去分词：done(表被动，完成）特殊类动词直接加动原的：1.使役动词（have ,let, made ) 2.感观动词3.情态动词2.区别1.加to与加ing无区别的：start, begin, continue...2.加to do 与加ing 区别小的(前者表一次性的动作，后者表习惯性动作）：like , love ,hate...3.加to do 与加ing 区别大的forget to do sth:忘记做某事(还没做) remember to do sth:记得做某事(还没做) forget doing sth忘记已经做了某事 rembember doing sth:记得已经做了某事stop to do sth:停止某事去做另外一件事regret to do sth:遗憾/后悔没做某事stop doing sth:停止正在做的事情rgeret doing sth:遗憾/后悔做了某事mean to do sth:打算做某事 try to do sth:努力做某事mean doing sth:意味着.. .try doing sth:尝试做某事三,接to do 还是V-ing (常考词）接to do 的词：want/hope/wish/agree/ask/choose/learn/plan/seek/fail/offer/manage/pretend/promise/ref use接V-ing的词：finish/avoid/mind/suggest/miss/practise/risk/feel like/give up/cann't help四，用现在分词还是过去分词Walking in the street, you must be careful.表主动，逗号后面的主语是人，用现在分词.Written in English, it is difficult to read.表被动,逗号后面的主语是物,用过去分词.五：特殊词：interest/excite 等词的非谓语动语结构：人+interested/excited/...物+interesting/exciting/...。
非谓语动词的语法功能一、不定式的语法功能主语：To catch the train is impossible. 要赶上那趟火车是不可能的了。
宾语：They need to look at a map. 他们需要查看地图。
表语：My work is to clean the classroom. 我的工作是清洁教室。
定语：I have lots of work to do. 我有许多事要做。
状语：I’m sorry to trouble you. 很抱歉打扰你了。
宾补：He told me to close the door. 他叫我去关门。
二、动名词的语法功能主语：Reading is a pleasure. 阅读是件快乐的事。
宾语：I enjoy reading. 我喜欢阅读。
表语：Her hobby is singing songs. 她爱好唱歌。
定语：He’s in the reading room. 他在阅览室。
三、现在分词的语法功能表语：The book is very interesting. 那本书很有趣。
定语：It’s an interesting book. 这是本有趣的书。
状语：He sat there, reading a newspaper. 他坐在那里看报。
宾补：I saw him standing there. 我看见他站在那里。
四、过去分词的语法功能表语：They were excited at the news. 听到这个消息非常激动。
定语：There’re few minutes left. 没几分钟剩下了。
状语：Seen from the hill, our school looks beautiful. 从山上看我校很美。
宾补：I saw him beaten by Tom. 我看见他被汤姆打了动名词6.1 动名词作主语、宾语和表语1）作主语Fighting broke out between the South and the North.南方与北方开战了。
高中英语：不定式、分词、动名词1. 动名词与不定式的区别动名词起名词作用，在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、主语补足语、宾语补足语。
不定式起名词、形容词、副词作用，在句子中除了动名词所起的作用外，还可以作状语。
但两者之间也有差别：（1）不定式的逻辑主语必须与主语一致，而动名词的逻辑主语范围较大，它可以指主语，也可以是泛指。
如：I hate to work on weekends . 我讨厌周末干活。
（指自己干活）。
I hate working on weekends . 我讨厌周末干活。
（可以指自己，也可以泛指）（2）动名词多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常的行为，不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。
如：Reading in bed is a pleasure .I like swimming but I don’t like to swim in the pool today .我喜欢游泳，但是今天我不喜欢在游泳池里游泳。
Talking for hours at a stretch is more exhausting than you seem to think .一连讲几个小时的话会比你想像的似乎要累。
（泛指讲话）To talk for hours at a stretch is more exhausting than you seem to think .一连讲几个小时的话可比你想像的似乎要累。
（指个人的感受）（3）在某些动词之后只能用动名词，而另一些动词之后只能用不定式。
后接动名词的动词有：admit，avoid，consider，defer，delay，deny，dislike，enjoy，escape，fancy，finish，imagine，include，keep，mind，miss，postpone，practise，recall，recollect，resent，resist，risk，stop，suggest等；短语动词有have done，give up等。
不定式和动名词作主语区别1.含义上的不同。
不定式一般表示特定的，具体的行为，特别是表示将来的，或一次性的行为。
如：To write a new book about medicine is his wish. 写一部医学方面的新书是他的愿望。
（将来的动作） It took me two hours to finish this work today. (表示一次性的动作)动名词表示一般的事实Raising pigs is her job. 养猪是她的工作。
2. 结构上的不同。
在一些固定的句子中动名词It’s no use doing It is useless doing 做……无用It’s no good doing It’s no help doing 做……无用，无益There be 句型 There is no joking about such matter.不定式It isn’t easy to do I have no time to do不定式复合结构 It is + adj.+ of/for sb + to do It is very kind of you to help me.代词+不定式结构 Mary’s coming late made him angry.疑问词+不定式 Where to hold the meeting has not been decided.It’s time for sb to do3. 主语和表语同时使用要一致To live is to learn.Reading is learning.不定式、动名词和分词作表语区别1.动名词和不定式相当于一个名词，分词相当于一个形容词。
2.不定式、动名词与分词作表语的区别。
不定式和动名词作表语相当于一个名词作表语，含义是回答主语“是什么”；分词作表语相当于形容词作表语，含义是回答主语“怎么样”。
如：① Our plan is to keep the affair secret. 我们的计划是让这件事成为秘密。
第六讲：动名词和分词与动词不定式用法比较英语中的不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）在句中不能充当谓语，故被称为非谓语动词。
它们都有否定式、被动式和完成式。
否定词not, never总放在它们之前，被动式及完成式见下表：一般式现在式完成式完成进行式其中，动名词还可以被代词及名词所有格修饰，构成动名词的复合结构。
这种代词和名词所有格充当动名词的逻辑主语。
to havebeenkeeping\\\\\to havekeptto havekeepingto keep主动不定式被动to bekeptto havebeingkept\\having kept主动keeping动名词被动being kept主动keeping分词被动being kepthaving beenkepthaving kepthaving beenkept\\\-------His anxiety doesn't justify his being so rude to his mother.他的焦虑不是他对母亲这么粗鲁的理由。
-------The father was angry at his son's spending money like water.父亲对儿子的花钱如流水感到愤怒。
在口语或非正式语体中，也可用宾格代替代词和名词的所有格。
故上面两句可改为：-------His anxiety doesn't justify him being so rude to his mother.-------The father was angry at his son spending money like water.1.作主语(1)动名词和不定式都可充当主语，意义上一般区别不大。
-------Seeing is believing.和To see is to believe.都意为：百闻不如一见。
分词，动词不定式，动名词一．分词1.分词的形式2.第一种情况：分句主句主语一致；分词作定语：（前后主语一致）主动doing被动done正在being done将来to be done分词作状语：（前后主语一致）主动doing被动done在主句动作之前且主动having done在主句动作之前且被动having been done 3．第二种情况：分句主句主语不一致；（状语中会出现）①更改Seeing the teacher,her face turned red.(错)改为：when she saw the teacher,her face turned red.②独立主格结构，即带有逻辑主语的分词结构；五种形式：First:名词/代词+分词This work done,we went home.Second: 名词/代词+介词短语He came,book in hand.Third: 名词/代词+形容词The baby asleep,she went shopping.Fourth：名词/代词+不定式This is the first volume,the second to be published next month.Fifth: 名词/代词+副词The school over,the children went home.可转为with结构；如With the school over,the children went home.二．动词不定式1.动词不定式的形式2.动词不定式用法（1．）主语若主语较长，为避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语；To learn a foreign language is very useful.It is very useful(for/of sb.) to learn a foreign language.(2.)宾语即不定式跟在某些动词后，如plan,decide,except,hope,wish,urge,pretent,promise,manage等。
动词（不定式，动名词，分词）第一节动词不定式（to + 动词原形）1. 不定式的构成主动语态一般时(to) do不定式动作同时或晚于主句谓语动作发生e.g. I want to see you now.进行时(to) be doing不定式动作与主句谓语动作同时发生appear/ seem/ happen/ pretend/ hope/ promise + to doinge.g. The student pretended to listening to the teacher attentively.完成时(to) have done不定式动作先于主句谓语动作appear/ seem/happen/ pretend/ + to have donee.g. He seemed to have waited for the girl for along time, because he looked like a little bit anxious.被动语态一般现在时(to) be donee.g. All the dishes will be eaten.完成时(to) have been donee.g. All the dishes have been eaten. More knowledge about to let, to blameP. 1962. 不定式在句中的用法（1）作主语（单个不定式作主语句中谓语用单数）To read widely is essential to language learning.多用it 作形式主语，将不定式（真实主语）后置It took us two hours to get there.It took me a whole week to finish the book.（2）作宾语She failed to pass the driving test.I would like to have a drink.多用it 作形式宾语，将不定式(真实宾语)后置I found it very comfortable to chat with you.(3) 作宾补（v. sb + to do）His father expects him to be a doctor in the future.She invited us to attend her wedding.(4) 作表语His job is to look after the children in the nursery.The most important thing now is to save lives. Her wish is to become a pop singer.The postman is to deliver the letters at once.(5) 作定语（n. + to do sth）Everyone has the right to express himself or herself at the meeting.I desire to have a chance to try out a few new things.Note: 不定式修饰的名词多为抽象名词，如the ability to do sth,the chance/ opportunity to do sth,the way to do sth,the desire to do sththe last/ only/ 序数词/ 最高级+ to doHe was the first to arrive.She was the only one to survive the crash. He is the last to marry her.It is the best play to be performed this year.(6) 作状语表目的They huddled together to keep warm.The little boy cried loudly to attract the attention of his parents.表结果You will live to see many changes.The box is too heavy for you to carry.表原因He looked happy to hear the news.She smiled to look at her lovely daughter.3. 形容词与不定式的搭配More knowledge P. 202-203某些作主语补语的形容词后可加不定式作状语，不定式主语即为句子主语表人的情绪和感情：happy, angry, bored, delighted, excited, glad, sorry, puzzled, upset, worried…I was happy to see them again.Britain is unpleasant to live in.表示意愿：afraid, eager, anxious, determined, keen, curious, willing, unwilling, hesitant…I was firmly resolved to see her.I’m afraid to meet my teacher after school.表示可能或适宜：able, appropriate, capable, certain, sure, doomed, fit, safe, likely…She is not fit to live by herself.He is likely to win the first prize in the race. I’m able to finish the paper within this week.对行为，动作进行评价：absurd, careful, careless, clever, kind, nice, silly…He was careless to break the cup.She is very kind to help the old man.She is stupid to make such a mistake.省略不定式to 的情况半情态动词+ 省to 不定式感官动词/ 使役动词+ 省to 不定式介词But/ except/ than + 省to 不定式(介词后通常不接不定式，但but/ except 除外) Why-/ why not + 省to 不定式某些固定短语+ 省to 不定式To 代替整个动词不定式allow, expect, hate, hope, know, like, love,need, remind, try, want, wish, ask…I went there because I wanted to.At last he agreed to do what I asked him to.第二节分词1.分词的词形过去分词：v-ed (无时态语式的变化)现在分词：一般式（表示该动作与主句谓语动作同时发生）主动为doing,被动为being doneThe teacher came into the classroom, catching a book in his hand.The building, being built by these workers, will be a plaza.完成式(表示该动作先于主句谓语动作发生,常作状语)主动为having done被动为having been doneHaving finished her work, she went home. Having been well discussed, this plan will be exactly carried out.2. 分词在句中的用法分词相当于一个形容词，其中现在分词表主动和进行;过去分词表被动和完成More knowledge P. 209-213可作表语I was shocked by the shocking news.The work remains unfinished./ The problem remains unsolved.作宾补I did not find him standing aside quietly.We found her greatly unchanged.使役动词+ sb/ sth + 分词Have/ make/ set/ keep/ get/ catch/ leave/ start + sb/ sth + doing/ doneThe teacher made Tom cleaning the classroom for a whole week.The teacher made the classroom cleaned by Tom for a whole week.作定语(一般置于被修饰词之前)An interesting story, a moving film, married life但也可作后置修饰语，此时相当于一个从句P. 211Who is the man talking to your sister?= Who is the man that is talking to your sister? 状语（此时相当于一个状语从句）时间状语Looking around, I found that I was the only passenger left on the bus.When heated, ice will be changed into water. While cheating to her parents, she flushed up. When/ while + 分词短语，强调该分词动作与主句谓语动作同时发生原因状语Having made enough money, he decided to travel a lot to broaden his view.Not knowing her address, we could not get in tough with her.条件状语Working hard, you will succeed.Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting there.让步状语Though confronted with kinds of difficulties, they were not discouraged.方式，伴随状语He went back home, totally exhausted.He walked along the road, listening to the music.3. 作状语时，分词的逻辑主语①主句的主语即为分词的逻辑主语②独立主格结构：当主句主语和分词的主语不同时，分词前另加自行主语（名词，主格代词）More knowledge P.214The day being fine, we decided to go swimming.Weather permitted, we’ll have a picnic.All the guests having arrived, the meeting was declared open.There having been no letters from his family, he was worried and restless.With + 名词/ 宾语+ 分词All afternoon he worked with the door locked. The day was bright, with a fresh breeze blowing.They waited with the light on for half an hour.第三节动名词1. 动名词词形一般式：doing (主动态),being done(被动态)完成式：having done(主动态),having been done (被动态)2. 辨析：动名词VS 现在分词动名词词形= 现在分词词形，均为doing现在分词,为动词的一种词形形式,属动词类；动名词，既具有动词的特征，又有名词的特征I regret telling her the news.(该动名词起动词作用) I am confident of his succeeding.(该动名词起名词作用)3. 动名词在句中的用法作主语Reading widely is essential to language learning.Writing diaries is a good way to improve our English.作宾语Do you mind my opening the door?The child kept reading books for a long time.作表语He is playing with his friends.Seeing is believing.Notes:1. 有的动词既可跟动名词也可跟不定式More knowledge P.221-222 2. go + 动名词,多用来表示娱乐或体育活More knowledge P. 225 3. 介词to 与动名词之间的搭配More knowledge P. 226, 227。
学科英语版本人教版期数042 年级高一编稿老师刘丽审稿教师【同步教育信息】一. 本周教学内容：不定式、分词、动名词1. 动名词与不定式的区别动名词起名词作用，在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、主语补足语、宾语补足语。
不定式起名词、形容词、副词作用，在句子中除了动名词所起的作用外，还可以作状语。
但两者之间也有差别：（1）不定式的逻辑主语必须与主语一致，而动名词的逻辑主语范围较大，它可以指主语，也可以是泛指。
如：I hate to work on weekends . 我讨厌周末干活。
（指自己干活）。
I hate working on weekends . 我讨厌周末干活。
（可以指自己，也可以泛指）（2）动名词多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常的行为，不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。
如：Reading in bed is a pleasure .I like swimming but I don’t like to swim in the pool today .我喜欢游泳，但是今天我不喜欢在游泳池里游泳。
Talking for hours at a stretch is more exhausting than you seem to think .一连讲几个小时的话会比你想像的似乎要累。
（泛指讲话）To talk for hours at a stretch is more exhausting than you seem to think .一连讲几个小时的话可比你想像的似乎要累。
（指个人的感受）（3）在某些动词之后只能用动名词，而另一些动词之后只能用不定式。
后接动名词的动词有：admit，avoid，consider，defer，delay，deny，dislike，enjoy，escape，fancy，finish，imagine，include，keep，mind，miss，postpone，practise，recall，recollect，resent，resist，risk，stop，suggest等；短语动词有have done，give up等。
后接不定式的动词有：afford，agree，aim，ask，claim，choose，decide，decline，demand，desine，determine，expect，fail，hope，manage，offer，plan，pretend，promise，refuse，resolve，threaten，wish等。
（4）有不少动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式。
常见的有begin，continue，dread，fear，forget，hate，help，intend，learn，like，love，need，neglect，proceed，propose，regret，remember，start，try，want等。
上述动词后接的动名词与不定式在意义上往往没有什么区别。
但有时二者的意义却有不同。
①remember和forget后接不定式时，表示没有发生的动作，而接动名词时，表示已经发生过的动作。
如：Did you remember to lock the door ? 你记住锁门了吗？I remember seeing her before . 我记得以前见过她。
I forgot to buy the book . 我忘买书了。
Shall you ever forget hearing her sing ? 你会忘记听她唱歌吗？②stop接动名词，表示“停止正在做的事”；stop后接不定式表示“停下来去做某事”，该不定式不是宾语，而是目的状语。
如：You’d better stop smoking .你最好不要吸烟了。
At the newsagent’s she stopped to buy a magazine .在报摊那儿她停下来买了一本杂志。
③try接不定式，表示“努力做某事”；try接动名词，表示“尝试做某事”。
如：Try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door .前门如没有人应答，就敲后门试试看。
Try to get some sleep . 试图去睡一会儿。
④regret后接不定式时，指将来或现在的动作；regret后接动名词时，指过去或现在的动作；regret后接动名词的完成式时，指过去的动作。
如：I regret missing the film . 我懊悔没有看上那部电影。
I regret to say that I cannot come . 我很抱歉，不能来了。
⑤help后接动名词意谓“避免”，help后接不定式意为“帮助”。
如：I can’t help laughing .我不禁笑起来。
I can’t help to clean the place up .我不能帮助打扫这地方。
⑥mean后接动名词意为“意味着”，mean后接不定式意为“打算”。
如：Doing morning exercises means getting up early . 做早操意味着要早起。
I meant to help you . 我意在帮你。
（5）有些动名词主动式可表被动意义，而不定式则须用其被动式表被动意义。
如：它需要修理。
It needs repairing . It needs to be repaired .（6）有些动词有书面语中后多接动名词，在口语中后多接不定式。
如：开始下雨了。
It started raining . It started to rain .我害怕冒犯她。
I fear offending her . I fear to offend her .（7）在should（would）like , love等之后须用不定式。
如：I’d like to thank you again .我愿再次感谢你。
I’d love to come sometime .日后我愿意来的。
2. 现在分词与过去分词的区别分词有现在分词和过去分词。
它们在语态和时间方面有较大差别：（1）在语态上现在分词表示主动的意思（表示它所修饰的人或物的行为）；过去分词则表示被动的意思（表示它修饰的人或物是动作的承受者）。
如：an exciting story令人激动的故事excited people激动的人们surprising news令人惊讶的消息a surprised man受惊的人an inspiring leader具有号召力的领袖the inspired soldiers受到鼓舞的士兵a delighting speech令人高兴的演说the delighted audience受感动的观念（2）在时间上现在分词一般表示正在进行的动作；过去分词则往往表示已经完成的动作。
如：boiling water沸腾的水boiled water开水falling snow正在下的雪fallen snow落在地上的雪（3）过去分词可以作定语，表示被动，表示已经完成的动作；现在分词的被动式也可以作定语，表示被动，但表示正在进行的动作。
如：The bridge being built will be important in this area’s traffic .正在建造的这座桥在该地区的交通中将起重要作用。
The bridge built last year has played an important part in this area’s traffic .去年建造的这座桥在该地区的交通中起了重要作用。
（4）过去分词可以作宾语补足语，表示被动，有时表示已经完成的动作，有时并不表示已经完成；现在分词的被动式也可以作宾语补足语，表示被动，表示正在进行的动作。
如：He found his wallet stolen . 他发现钱包被偷走了。
I’ll have my bike repaired this afternoon .We found the flat being decorated . 我们发现公寓房正在装修。
3. 现在分词和动名词的区别（1）动名词作定语时要放在被修饰词之前，动名词通常表示目的或用途。
现在分词作定语时，单个的分词放在被修饰之前，分词短语要放在被修饰词之后。
现在分词作定语时与被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。
如：分词动名词a waiting car waiting room（= the car that is waiting）（= the room for waiting）working people劳动人民working method工作方法a sleeping child熟睡的孩子sleeping —car卧车（2）动名词作表语时，相当于名词。
由于名词作表语时可以和主语互换位置，意思和语法上都保持正确，故可用这种方法检验。
另外，动名词作表语时可带宾语、状语。
现在分词作表语时起形容词作用，不可与主语互换位置，也不可带宾语。
如：His job is raising pigs .（动名词）Her favorite sport is swimming .（动名词）Her job is interesting .（现在分词）4. 现在分词和不定式的区别现在分词起形容词和副词的作用，在句子中可以起除主语、宾语外的所有其他句子成份的作用。
不定式可以起名词、形容词、副词作用，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、补足语、定语、状语等。
（1）现在分词作表语时，相当于一个形容词，不可与主语互换位置，也不可带宾语。
不定式作表语时，相当于一个名词，名词作表语时可以和主语互换位置，意思上和语法上都保持正确。
如：Her proposal was misleading . 她的建议有些误导。
Her proposal was to go there at once . 她的建议是马上到那儿去。
（2）现在分词和不定式都可以用在感官动词后作宾语补足语。
通常现在分词表示重复性的动作，表示动作正在进行，还没有结束。
不定式表示某一次的动作，表示动作的全过程。
如：I saw him waiting at the bus-stop .I saw him enter the building just now .用在这种结构里时，现在分词常用延续性动词，如reading，studying，standing，waiting，watching，sitting等。
不定式常用非延续性动词，如come，go，enter，arrive，climb等。
