定语从句
- 格式:doc
- 大小:73.00 KB
- 文档页数:6
Attributive Clause定语从句一、定义定语从句:修饰名词或代词的从句。
换句话说,名词、代词后的从句叫定语从句。
先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词、代词、甚至词组或句子叫先行词。
关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
1关系代词:在定语从句中担任主、宾、表、定语成分2关系副词:在定语从句中担任状语成分关系词3个功能:1. 连接功能(连接先行词与定语从句);2. 担任功能(在定语从句中担任主、宾、表、定、状语);3. 替代功能(在定语从句中代替先行词)。
关系代词在定语从句中充当主语的是: who, that, which, as宾语的是: who, whom, that, which, as定语的是: whose, which先行词是人时,关系代词是:who, whom, that, as先行词是物时,关系代词是:which, that, whose, as关系副词有:when (先行词为时间), where (先行词为地点), why (先行词为原因)关系副词 = 介词 + which / whom定语从句分为两种:限制性与非限制性。
先行词与关系词之间无逗号隔开为限制性;有逗号隔开则为非限制性,且一般由which引导。
唯一可以置于先行词之前的定语从句由关系代词as 引导。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人,在从句中做主语(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
定语从句(the attributive clause )一.什么叫定语从句?一个句子作定语就叫定语从句。
二.定语从句的结构及种类1. 结构:关系词 +主语+谓语+其它2. 种类:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句三.关系词的分类及关系词1.关系代词: who ,whom, whose, that ,which, as2.关系副词: when ,where ,why四.关系词的功用1.起连接作用,引导定语从句2.在定语从句中作一个成分——主语,宾语,状语,定语,表语。
五.什么是先行词?被定语从句所修饰的词是先行词。
六.关系词的用法1.who当先行词是指人得名词或代词,而且关系词在句中作主语时,选who 。
The boy who is standingover there is Tom.He who doesn ’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.2.whom当先行词是指人得名词,而且关系词在句中作主语时,选w h o m.This is our English teacher whom everybody likes.3.whose①当先行词是指人的名词,而且关系词在句中作定语时,选whose. This is my deskmate whose father works in a factory.②当先行词是指物的名词,而且关系在句中作定语时,选whose.We study in a classroom whose windows face to the south.4.that①当先行词是指物的名词,关系词在句中作主语时,选that.This is a machine that can walk.②当先行词是指物的名词,关系词在句中作宾语时,选that. 另外,that 可以省略。
I like the present (that) my father sent me.③当先行词是指人的名词,关系词也可选用that=whoThe boy that/who is playing football on the play ground is my brother.5.which当先行词是指物的名词时,关系词也可选用which ,它在句中作主语或宾语,which=that6.下列情况下,关系词只能选用that①当先行词为不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything 时Is there anything that I can do for you?②当先行词为不定代词all 时Mr. Li does all that he can to do his work well.③ 当先行词被 all, some, any 修饰时These are all the things that I have done today.④当先行词被the only, the very 修饰时This is the only computer that he often turns to for help.⑤ 当先行词被序数词,形容词最高级修饰时This is the cleaning room that you can see here.⑥time 作先行词,前面有序数词或last 修饰时This is the last time that I ’ll give y oupocket m o n e y.⑦ 尽管先行词指人,但关系词在句中作表语时。
定语从句定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。
被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词有:who,whom,whose,that,which,as。
关系副词有:when,where,why,how。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。
当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。
定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
一、定语从句的翻译许多英语初学者往往弄不明白为什么引导定语从句的关系词which不能译为“哪一个”,who不能译为“谁”,when不能译为“什么时候”,where不能译为“什么地方”,等等。
首先,我们必须要明白一点,那就是引导定语从句的which,who,when,where,why等是关系词(关系代词或关系副词),而不是疑问词,所以不能按疑问词的意思来理解。
前面我们讲到,英语中的定语从句总是后置的,即要放在被修饰名词或代词之后;但在汉语中,定语通常是前置的,也就是说定语要放在被修饰名词的前面,并通常表现为“……的”这样的形式。
当我们翻译英语中定语从句的时候,一般可以按汉语习惯,将定语从句翻译在被修饰的名词或代词之前,而其中的关系词一般就是译成汉语中的“……的”。
如:He showed me the article that he had written.他把他写的文章拿给我看。
句中的that he had written为修饰名词the article的定语从句,翻译时就可译为“他写的文章”,其中的关系代词that在此译成了“的”字。
She was not in the train which arrived just now.她不在刚到的那列火车上。
定语从句(the attributive clause)一.什么叫定语从句?一个句子作定语就叫定语从句。
二.定语从句的结构及种类1.结构:关系词+主语+谓语+其它2.种类:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句三.关系词的分类及关系词1.关系代词:who,whom, whose, that ,which, as2.关系副词:when,where,why四.关系词的功用1.起连接作用,引导定语从句2.在定语从句中作一个成分——主语,宾语,状语,定语,表语。
五.什么是先行词?被定语从句所修饰的词是先行词。
六.关系词的用法1.who当先行词是指人得名词或代词,而且关系词在句中作主语时,选who。
The boy who is standing over there is Tom.He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.2.whom当先行词是指人得名词,而且关系词在句中作主语时,选whom.This is our English teacher whom everybody likes.3.whose①当先行词是指人的名词,而且关系词在句中作定语时,选whose.This is my deskmate whose father works in a factory.②当先行词是指物的名词,而且关系在句中作定语时,选whose.We study in a classroom whose windows face to the south.4.that①当先行词是指物的名词,关系词在句中作主语时,选that.This is a machine that can walk.②当先行词是指物的名词,关系词在句中作宾语时,选that. 另外,that可以省略。
I like the present (that) my father sent me.③当先行词是指人的名词,关系词也可选用that=whoThe boy that/who is playing football on the play ground is my brother.5.which当先行词是指物的名词时,关系词也可选用which,它在句中作主语或宾语,which=that6.下列情况下,关系词只能选用that①当先行词为不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything时Is there anything that I can do for you?②当先行词为不定代词all时Mr. Li does all that he can to do his work well.③当先行词被all, some, any修饰时These are all the things that I have done today.④当先行词被the only, the very 修饰时This is the only computer that he often turns to for help.⑤当先行词被序数词,形容词最高级修饰时This is the cleaning room that you can see here.⑥time 作先行词,前面有序数词或last修饰时This is the last time that I’ll give you pocket money.⑦尽管先行词指人,但关系词在句中作表语时。
定语从句讲解(完整版)定语从句是一种常见的语法结构,用于对名词或代词进行修饰和限定。
在英语中,定语从句的使用可以使句子更加丰富和准确。
下面,我将为您详细讲解定语从句的构成、用法和注意事项。
一、定语从句的构成定语从句由引导词、关系词和从句组成。
引导词通常是先行词,即被修饰的名词或代词;关系词用于引导定语从句,并将先行词与从句连接起来;从句则是对先行词进行修饰和限定的部分。
1. 引导词:先行词通常是名词或代词,它可以是主语、宾语或表语。
例如:The book that you gave me is very interesting.(你给我的那本书很有趣。
)The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.(正在和老师交谈的那个人是我的父亲。
)2. 关系词:关系词用于引导定语从句,并将先行词与从句连接起来。
关系词有who、which、that、whom、whose等。
例如: The book that you gave me is very interesting.(你给我的那本书很有趣。
)The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.(正在和老师交谈的那个人是我的父亲。
)3. 从句:从句是对先行词进行修饰和限定的部分。
从句中通常包含主语、谓语和宾语等成分。
例如:那本书很有趣。
)The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.(正在和老师交谈的那个人是我的父亲。
)二、定语从句的用法1. 限定性定语从句:限定性定语从句对先行词起到限定作用,即只有满足定语从句条件的名词或代词才是先行词的准确含义。
限定性定语从句通常紧跟在先行词之后,且不能用逗号与主句隔开。
例如: The book that you gave me is very interesting.(你给我的那本书很有趣。
五个简单的定语从句定语从句由关系词(关系代词、关系副词)引导,关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。
下面是店铺为大家提供的关于五个简单的定语从句,内容如下:定语从句例句:I like the book that/which my father likes.我喜欢我爸爸喜欢的那本书.I like the boy who is wearing a red shirt.我喜欢穿红衬衫的那个男孩.This is the boy whom was beaten yesterday.这是昨天被打的那个男孩.This is the place where I first met her.这是我第一次见到她的地方.This is the reason why I ask you for help.这是我找你帮忙的原因.定语从句详解:限定性定语从句意义:限定性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用,使该词的含义更具体,更明确。
限制性定语从句不能被省略,否则句意就不完整,例如I met some one who said he knows you.在引导限定性定语从句时,that有时相当于in which,at which,for which或on which(1)Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变,这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。
(2)I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐,而他恰恰与我相反。
(3)We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。
定语从句的含义定语从句的含义想要学好定语从句,需要了解定语从句的含义,你对定语从句掌握了多少呢。
以下是店铺为大家整理的定语从句的含义,仅供参考,希望能够帮助大家。
一、定语从句的概念定语从句是指在复合句中,修饰限定某一名词或代词的从句。
例如:You must buy me the house which is near Xiangshan.上面例句中的the house就是后面定语从句所修饰或限定的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。
二、关系词(连接词)引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词:that, which, who (宾格whom, 所有格whose) 和关系副词where, when, why。
关系词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时还做定语从句的一个成分。
1.关系代词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词主要有that、which、who、whom、whose,其中whom引导的是宾格,whose引导的是所有格。
2.that与which的用法区分1)只能用that,不能用which作为定语从句关系代词的情况a)当先行词由不定代词anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等代替时,关系代词只能用that而不能用which 。
例如:There is nothing that I can dob)先行词有the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时例如:The last place that I visited was the hospital.c)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级。
例如:This is the first composition that he has written in English.d)先行词既有人,又有物时例如:He talked about the teachers and schools that he hadvisited.2)只用which不用that的情况a)引导非限定性定语从句时例如:The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.b)介词后用which例如:We depend on the land from which we get our food.3.关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的`名词,在从句中作状语。
定语从句的结构和特点1. 定语从句的定义和作用定语从句是指修饰一个名词或代词的从句,用来进一步说明或限制该名词或代词的含义。
它通常用来为句子中的某一成分提供额外的信息,起到修饰或限定的作用。
2. 定语从句的结构定语从句一般由关系代词或关系副词引导。
常用的关系代词有:that, who, whom, whose, which等;常用的关系副词有:where, when, why等。
定语从句的结构一般为:关系代词/关系副词 + 主语 + 谓语 +其他成分。
3. 定语从句的特点(1)修饰范围:定语从句通常修饰名词或代词,限定或补充其含义。
(2)位置:定语从句可以位于被修饰词前面或后面,但通常位于被修饰词之后。
当定语从句位于被修饰词之前时,关系代词或关系副词在从句中常常作为它的主语、宾语或表语。
(3)语法性质:定语从句在句中充当一个整体修饰成分,相当于一个形容词或副词,不论在主句中扮演什么角色,其整个过程可看作是一个名词的修饰过程,形成一个复合句。
(4)引导词的选择:关系代词和关系副词的选择要根据具体的语境和语义需求来决定。
(5)省略:当定语从句中的关系代词在从句中作宾语时,且从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,常可省略关系代词。
4. 定语从句的例子以下是一些比较常见的定语从句的例子:- The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.- The place where I grew up is a small town.- The reason why he resigned is still unknown.- The car whose color is red belongs to my friend.以上就是定语从句的结构和特点的简要介绍。
通过掌握定语从句的基本规则和用法,我们可以更准确地表达自己的意思,并丰富句子的信息内容。
定语从句(完整版)定语从句是用关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,它的作用是修饰主句中的名词性成分,相当于形容词。
关系词包括关系代词和关系副词,常用的关系代词有that、which、who、whom、whose、as等,而关系副词则有where、when、why等。
关系词有三个作用,即引导定语从句、代替先行词、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
需要注意的是,关系代词有主语和宾语之分,其中whom通常作为宾语。
定语是用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,它可以由形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语来担任,甚至可以由一个句子来担任。
在汉语中,我们通常用“……的”表示定语。
单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语;而短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。
限定性定语从句有两种形式,一种是由关系代词引导的,另一种是由关系副词引导的。
关系代词that既可代表事物也可代表人,which则只能代表事物。
在从句中,that和which可以作主语或宾语,而that在从句中作宾语时常常可以省略关系词。
如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前面,但有些例外。
需要注意的是,代表物时多用which,但在带有特定词语的句子中,如anything、everything、nothing、none等不定代词时,或者是由every、any、all、some、no、little、few、much等修饰时,应该使用that而不是which。
此外,当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或最高级时,或者先行词中既有人又有物时,也应该使用that,而不是which。
4.Who and whom are used to introduce clauses that modify people。
serving as the subject and object of the clause respectively。
定语从句I. 定语从句起了形容词的作用,在句中修饰一个名词或代词。
被修饰的词叫做先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用,二是V. 定语从句做题技巧三步曲:第一步找出先行词并还原到从句中第二步判断其在从句中所做的成份第三步根据成份选择关系词(做主语,宾语,定语用关系代词;做状语用关系副词)强化训练基础训练:对比练习1.a)We should go to the place we are most needed.b)We should go to the place needs us most.A itB whereC thatD what2.a) The day she spent with us was never to be forgotten .A /B on whichC thatD in whichb) The day she played with us was never to be forgotten .A /B on whichC thatD in which3.a)The house window faces south is for the doctor.A whichB thatC whoseD of whichb) The house faces south is for the doctor.A whichB whereC whoseD of which4.a)The invention she spent two years will do good to the world.A whichB thatC on whichD whenb) The invention took her two years will do good to the world.A whichB ./C on whichD it5. a) English, I do well , is important in middle school.A whichB thatC in whichD at whichb) English, I have mastered well, is important in middle school.A whichB thatC in whichD at which6. a)Tom, I went to the concert, is a friend of mine.A whomB whoC with whomD whoseb) Tom, bicycle I went to the concert, is a friend of mine.A whomB whoC on whoseD whose7.a) The place you visited during your holiday is where I used to live for years.A whereB whichC in whichD to whichb) The place you stayed for 3 years is where an ancient city used to be.A whereB whichC thatD to whichc) The place interests the children most is Disneyland.A thatB whereC itD in which8. a)She will fly to Washington, is the capital of the U.S.A thatB whereC whichD in whichb) She will fly to Washington, she can enjoy herself.A thatB whereC whichD /9. a) Is this flat you once lived in?b) Is this the only flat you have lived in?c) Is this the flat you once lived ?d) Is this the flat in you once lived ?e) Is it in this flat you once lived ?A thatB whereC whichD the one10. a)She has two skirts, were bought last summer.b)She has two skirts. were bought last summer.A Both of whichB both of themC both of whichD Both of them11.a) is well known that great changes have taken place in China recently.b) is well known , great changes have taken place in China recently.A ThatB AsC WhichD It12.a)Is this the factory you visited last week?A.where B which C to which D in whichb)Is this factory you visited last week?A.that B where C in which D the one单项填空:从A、B、C、D中选出可以填入空白处的正确答案。
1.This is the only one of the students _____ the truth.A.that knows B.that know C.who know D.which knows2.Do you know the girl _____?A.whom he often talk to B.to who he often talksC.to that he often talks D.he often talks to3.The world _____ we live is made up of matter.A.on which B.of which C.at which D.in which4.There are no children _____ love their parents.A.that do not B.who does not C.that D.who5.I’m one of the boys _____ never late for school.A.that is B.who are C.who am D.who is6.Abraham Lincoln,_____ led the United States _____ these years,was _____ of the greatest presidents.A.he;for;a B.whom;in;oneC.who;at;one D.who;through;one7.Who is the girl _____ wearing a red dress?A.whose B.that C.whom D.that’s8.The old man _____ yesterday is a scientist.A.I spoke B.I spoke toC.whom I spoke D.that I spoke to him9.The young man _____ is an engineer of our factory.A.that you just talked B.whom you just talked toC.which you just talked to D.who you just talked10.The dictionary _____ is sold out in the bookshop.A.you need B.what you needC.which you need it D.that you need it11.Is this the shop _____ sells children’s clothing?A.which B.where C.in which D.what12.Qingdao is the most satisfactory place _____ we’re going to visit.A.which B.where C.that D.in which13.The magazine _____ Betty paid one dollar was very good.A.that B.which C.for which D.to which14.The two things _____ they felt very proud were Jim’s gold watch and Della’s hair.A.about which B.of which C.in which D.for which15.He was the man _____ Master of Game was translated.A.by whom B.by who C.by whose D.by him16.This is the factory _____ we visited last week.A.which B.where C.who D.in which17.Is this school _____ we are going to visit tomorrow?A.which B.that C.where D.the one18.Ahead of me I saw a woman _____ I thought was my aunt.A.who B.whom C.of whom D.whose19.This is the key _____.A.which you are looking for B.for which you are lookingC.for that you are looking D.you are looking for which20.The woman _____ is his mother.A.of whom he takes care B.of that he takes careC.he takes care of D.whom he takes care21.He reached London in 1994,_____,some time later,he became a famous actor.A.when B.where C.which D.who22.Such things _____ you described are rare now.A.as B.who C.which D.that23.In those days,he would go to Mr.Black and his family,_____.A.where he was treated as part of themB.for whom it was kindC.with whom he had a wonderful timeD.that was the most pleasant part of his life24.Which sentence is wrong?A.The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put it into my mouth.B.Do you know the boy who jumped onto the platform?C.Science and new technology have made it possible for farmers to produce more food on the same amount of land.D.People in ancient times took it for granted that the sun moved round the earth.25.The Second World War _____ millions of people were killed ended in 1945.A.when B.during that C.in which D.which26.He was born in the year _____ the Anti-Japanese War broke out.A.which B.when C.on which D.during which27.We are going to spend the Spring festival in Guangzhou,_____ live my grandparents and some relatives.A.which B.that C.who D.where28.Is that the reason _____ you are in favor of the proposal?A.which B.what C.why D.for that29.Some of the roads were flooded,_____ made our journey more difficult.A.which B.it C.what D.that30.He must be from Africa,_____ can be seen from his skin.A.that B.as C.who D.what31.Mr.Wu,_____ everybody likes,is going to give us a talk on chemistry.A.whom B.that C.which D./32.The general at last got a chance to visit the village _____ he used to fight,_____ he had been dreaming of for years.A.that;which B.where;thatC.in which;what D.where;which33.He has to work on Sundays,_____ he does not like.A.and which B.which C.and when D.when34.Is there a restaurant around _____ I can have something to eat?A.when B.that C.where D.which35.As many members _____ were present agreed to the plan.A.who B.that C.which D.as答案及解析:1.选A。