(江苏专用)2020高考英语二轮复习 专题限时检测(三十)任务型阅读(五)

2020 江苏高考英语任务型阅读重难点赏析HumorIf you see humor as an optional form of entertainment, you’re missing some of its biggest benefits: Humor makes average-looking people look cute and uninteresting people seem entertaining. Studies show that a good sense of humor even makes you seem smarter.Best of all, humor raises your energy, and that can have an effect on everything you do at school, at work, or in your personal life. The increase of energy will even make you more willing to exercise, and that will raise your overall energy even more.Humor also transports your mind away from your daily troubles. Humor lets you better understand life and sometimes helps you laugh at even the worst of your problems.In my experience, most people think they have a sense of humor, and to some degree that’s true. But not all senses of humor are created equa l. So I thought it would be useful to include some humor tips for everyday life.You don’t have to be the joke teller in the group in order to show your sense of humor. You can be the one who directs the conversation to fun topics that are ripe for others to add humor. Every party needs a straight person. You’ll appear fun and funny by association.When it comes to in-person humor, effort counts a lot. When people see you trying to be funny, it frees them to try it themselves. So even if your own efforts at humor fall short, you might be freeing the long kept humor in others. People need permission to be funny in social settings because there’s always a risk that comes with humor. For in-person humor, quality isn’t as important as you might think. Your attitude and effort count a lot.Some people--and I was one of them--believe that humorous complaints about the little problems of life make humor, and sometimes that is the case. The problem comes when you start doing too much complaint-based humor. One funny observation about problem in your life can be funny, but five is just complaining, no matter how smart you think you are. Funny complaints can wear people out.Self-deprecating(自嘲式) humor is usually the safest type, but here again you don’t want to overshoot the target. One self-deprecating comment is a generous and even confident form of humor. You have to be at least a bit self-assured to laugh at yourself in front of others. But if you do it toooften, you can transform in the eyes of others from a confident joker to a Chihuahua dog.HumorIf you see humor as an optional form of entertainment, you’re missing some of its biggest benefits:如果你将幽默视为娱乐的一种备选项，你就错过了幽默的一些最大好处。

淮安中学II部高三英语第二轮专题复习第一课时任务型阅读指导一、题型考查特点任务型阅读考查的是学生用英语做事、解决实际问题的能力，是典型的语言应用测试。

它要比一般阅读题难度要大些，要求考生在阅读完一段材料后，能比较清楚地把握整篇文章的结构，较好地分析作者的观点和意图，并进行准确的表达。

考生要能够获得直接信息，分析、总结信息，并转换信息，这有利于考查学生把握文章的篇章结构、综合处理信息的能力。

二、高考与考试说明1、2020年是江苏第一次考查任务型阅读，文章较明显体现了一些牛津英语教材中的一些单词。

因为是新题型，出题形式已为广大老师所预估到，有七个单词在原文中可以直接找到，两个稍微变换一下词性，只有第78题case是归纳出来的，所以整体难度不大，考生大多能得8分左右。

2、2020年任务型阅读题的难度有所增加。

文章的主题是交际原则，要点包括：交际始于自我，交际无所不在，交际一旦发生则不可逆转。

该文理论性较强，涉及“交际”和“自我”等抽象概念的理解，文章与题目总词数为711个单词，所设置的10空中有6空可从原文找到或由原文单词进行词形转换即可。

而有4空需从文章整体考虑作出推断和概括才能填空。

试题主要考查关键名词和动词及其词形变化。

3、我们研读《2020年考试说明》中关于“任务型阅读”的要求后，发现题型比去年更明确，题目要求有所提高。

把2020年“根据文中提供的信息用恰当的词语完成与短文相关的图表”改为“根据所读，用恰当的词语补全全文提纲，概括关键内容或作要词词语转换”。

任务型阅读提供了两种示例——表格式和树状式。

题例中要求考生根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意每空一词。

其中在第二示例中特别强调“补全填空应符合语法和搭配要求”。

这些变化要求考生能够顺利读懂文章，并能够掌握文章大意和分析文章结构框架。

同时也要求考生拥有扎实的语法和词汇知识，做到自如应用。

三、解题方法和步骤考生在完成任务型阅读时，要遵循以下步骤。

专题限时检测(二十六)　任务型阅读(一)(限时24分钟)A(2019·南京、盐城一模)As the concept of emotional intelligence (EI) has gone global, we've watched professionals fail as they try to improve their emotional intelligence because they either don't know where to focus their efforts or they haven't understood how to improve these skills on a practical level.In our work consulting with companies and coaching leaders, we have found that if you're looking to develop particular EI strengths, it helps to consider areas for improvement others have identified along with the goals you want to achieve — and then to actively build habits in those areas rather than simply relying on understanding them conceptually.The first step is to get a sense of how your self­perception (how you see yourself) differs from your reputation (how others see you)．This is especially true for the development of emotional intelligence because we can be blind to how we express and read the emotional components of our interactions.For example, most of us think that we're good listeners, but very often that's really not the case.Without this external reality check, it will be difficult for you to identify the ways that your actions affect your performance.Getting feedback from others can also provide proof of the necessity of shifting our behavior and motivation to do so.To give you the best sense of where the differences lie between your self­perception and reputation, you should use a 360 degree feedback assessment that takes into account the multiple facets of EI.The key is to find one that guarantees confidentiality to those giving you feedback and that is focused on development and not on performance assessment.Secondly, when you get your feedback from an assessment, let that inform what you want to improve.But also consider what your goals are.When it comes to cultivating strengths in emotional intelligence, you're at a huge disadvantage if you're only interested because others said you should be.Your emotional intelligence is so tied up in your sense of self that being intrinsically (内在地) motivated to make the effort matters more when changing longstanding habits than it does when simply learning a skill.That means the areas that you choose to actively work on should lie at theintersection of the feedback you've gotten and the areas that are most important to your own aspirations (渴望)．Understanding the impacts of your current EI habits relative to your goals will keep you going over the long haul as you do the work of strengthening your emotional intelligence.Once you've determined which EI skills you want to focus on, identify specific actions that you'll take.If you're working on becoming a better listener, for example, you might decide that when you're conversing with someone you'll take the time to pause, listen to what they have to say, and check that you understand before you reply.Keep it specific.You should also take every naturally occurring opportunity to practice the skill you're developing, no matter how small.By starting to change your routine reactions, you'll be well on your way to figuring out the old habits that aren't serving you well and transforming them into new, improved ones that do.PassageoutlineSupporting detailsIntroduction Though globally acknowledged, EI still (1)________professionals, for they aren't aware how to improve it.Spot the(2)_______betweenself­perc­eptionandreputation·With external reality check, we are(3)_________ of understanding ourinteractions accurately.·We are (4)________to change our behaviorby getting an outside feedback.·We are expected to (5)_________ howself­perception differs from reputation inall aspects.Find out what(6)______ to us·We should clearly (7)________our goals andfocus our effort on improving ourselvesinstead of just learning a skill.·(8)________the outside feedback with ourgoals can give us support on the way tostrengthening our EI.Approachesto strengthening EIIdentify what changesBe (9)_________about the actions and take advantage of every possible opportunity towe will make practice EI skills.Summary (10)________useless old habits and develop new ones in areas forimprovement others have identified with your own goals tostrengthen your EI.语篇解读：本文主要讲述了提高情商的方法。

2020届高三七市联考调研测试参考答案阅卷前请认真阅读书面表达评分说明1．本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。

（参见附录）2．评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言（内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性、上下文的连贯性及语言的得体性）初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分（如果没有使用较复杂的句子结构，评分时将分数降低1个档次）。

3．词数少于130或多于170的，从总分中减去2分。

4．文章内容应分为三大部分：1）概述信息：阅卷提示与参考：试卷文字信息内容与图表内容均需有。

概要中的信息关键词，如mandarin, dialects ，survey/chart ，younger people/older people2）分析保护我国地方方言的重要性：阅卷提示与参考：原试卷文字与图表只说明dialects 年轻人说的少、老年人说的多的现象，故地方方言的重要性需学生自己阐述、自己理解并说明（学生要有话可说、有句可表，这是高考考查的重点）。

即mandarin为我国口头通用语言，其重要性不言而喻，但dialects作为传统文化中不可缺或的交际语言也很重要，反映了我国地方文化的多样性的特点。

要有主题句，分析论述要思路清晰。

3）陈述保护地方方言的途径和方法：阅卷提示与参考：保护的途径和方法只要言之有理、内容切合实际即可（最好有2--3个），但该段要有主题句、陈述的途径和方法需条例清晰、有层次感。

同样要求学生要有话可说、有句可表。

缺少以上其中一部分，文章为三档及以下。

5．语言形式错误分为大错和小错。

大错包括“时态、语态、主谓一致”等，小错包括“单词拼写错误、小品词用法错误”等。

如出现1个大错，从总分中减去1分。

如出现1个小错，从总分中减去半分。

6．如书写较差，以至影响交际，将分数降低1个档次。

7．如层次不清楚，写作没分段，从总分中减去2分。

本次作文阅卷适度从紧，在与学生评讲作文时需强调此次评分的细化要求。

2020届南通等苏北七市高三年级第二次调研测试英语试卷注意事项：考生在答题前认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求。

本试卷共14页。

本次考试满分为120分，考试时冋为120分钟。

考试结束后，请将答题纸（卡）交回。

答题前,清您务必将的姓名、考试号等用节写黑色字迹的0.5臺米签字笔填写在答题纸（卡）上。

请认直核对答题纸（卡）表头规定壊写或填涂的项目是否准确。

作答非选择題必须用节写黑色字迹的0.5毫米签字笔写在答题纸（卡）上的指定位置，在其它位賞作答律无效。

作答选择题必须用2B铅笔把答题纸（卡）上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动.请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分）做题时先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题;每小题1分，満分5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项.并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）第一节单项填空（共15小题;每小题1分，満分15分）请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

21. Though he has made a big fortune, he is a happy man.A. nothing butB. anything butC. more thanD. other than22. Chinese medical teams have made tremendous to contain the spread of Covid-19.A. appointmentsB. headlinesC. sacrificesD. compromises23. —Have you accepted the job, Aaron?—Yes. But my reaction was to decline the offer.A.fierceB. initialC. rigidD. allergic24. John accompanied me to the airport so that he could the driving when I felt tired.A. take overB. run overC. turn overD. rule over25. Most students set their alarm clocks to ensure they can attend on-line classes_________.A. on purposeB. on occasionC. on averageD. on schedule26. The tourism industry, as the core of our local economy, is supposed in the months to come.A. to recoverB. to have recoveredC. to be recoveringD. to have been recovering27. to the students at home, the textbooks enabled them to study more efficiently.A. DistributingB.Having distributedC. Being distributedD. Distributed28. The Yangtze River Delta regional development plan, Nantong has long expected, is under way.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when29. China's efforts to give timely treatment to those infected with the virus are being by the rest of the world.A. applaudedB. clarifiedC. postponedD. transferred30. My neighbour Saria is always sheltering her child too much, and that's we differ.A. whenB. whatC. howD. where31. I will try my best to get to the station ahead of time, I have to walk all the way there.A. so thatB. as thoughC. even ifD. in case32. It's really exciting to imagine my future when I a new life at university.A. would experienceB. have experiencedC. will be experiencingD. experienced33. If you here half an hour ago, you would have known what we were talking about.A. arrivedB. had arrivedC. should arriveD. would arrive34. Regular exercise along with proper diets our health in the long term.A. benefitsB. has benefitedC. benefitD. have benefited35.—Thank you so much for your kind help, Lucy.—________________.A.That’s right.B. All right.C. With pleasure.D. My pleasure.第二节完彩頊空（共20小题；毎小题1分，满分20分）请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该項涂黑。

2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(江苏卷)英语试题第一部分：听力(共两节，满分20分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分, 满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A. £19.15.B. £9.18.C. £9.15.答案是C。

1. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In a supermarket.B. In the post office.C. In the street.2. What did Carl do?A. He designed a medal.B. He fixed a TV set.C. He took a test.3. What does the man do?A. He’s a tailor.B. He’s a waiter.C. He’s a shop assistant.4. When will the flight arrive?A. At 18:20.B. At 18:35.C. At 18:50.5. How can the man improve his article?A. By deleting unnecessary words.B. By adding a couple of points.C. By correcting grammar mistakes.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分, 满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

专题限时检测（二十六）任务型阅读（一）(限时24分钟)A(2019·南通模拟)Life can be overwhelming (令人不知所措的). We want to do as much as we can, see the world, learn new things —and it can all get a bit too much. Sometimes we reach a point when we feel that we can no longer be interested in everything. We have to shut some of life out, and we don't like that. We are living under the false assumption that to know anything worthwhile takes years of study, so we might as well forget it.But something inside us rebels. We still want to learn new things and make new things. They don't have to be big things. Coping with too big a challenge can be daunting (令人怯步的). The secret is to be a “micro­master” by perfecting lots and lots of small things — for a big payoff.A micro­mastery is a self­cont ained unit of doing, complete in itself, but connected to a greater field. You can perfect that single thing and move on to bigger things. A micro­mastery is the way we learn as kids. You never absorb all the fundamentals straight away — you learn one cool thing, then another. Psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi has written about “flow” — a state in which time seems to be suspended because our involvement in what we're doing is so great. A micro­mastery, because it is repeatable without being repetitious, has all the elements that allow us to enter a flow state，which produces great contentment.As we get older our default setting (默认设置) becomes “off” not “on”. We stop getting interested in new things because we haven't got enough time or energy. This is an excuse but who can blame us when we hear we need 10,000 hours to “master” something. Micro­mastery slices through all the excuses. You start with something so small and easy that it doesn't impact on your life except positively.We envy the person who has a perfect French accent, who can roll a kayak, or compose a poem that isn't laughable, who can lay a brick wall that doesn't fall down. These are regarded as hard things to learn which mean a greater mastery of the field concerned. But with micro­mastery y ou start with the test piece and then — and only then —do you go back upstream to learn anything more about the new world.Seeing the world in terms of micro­masteries makes anything seem possible. Fancy bookbinding? Yoga? Tap dancing or tank driving? All have their micro­masteries. It'svery liberating —you no longer have to feel trapped in your day job. You will start, in a small way, to get your life back from the idea that the world seems to push on us that we should do just one thing all our lives.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种学习方法，从小事做起，然后慢慢积累，一步一步走向成功。

任务型阅读专练4篇Passage 1(2018江苏)How Arts Promote Our EconomyWhen most people think of the arts, they imagine the end product, the beautiful painting, a wonderful piece of music, or an award-winning performance in the theater. But arts groups bring broader value to our communities. The economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly judged.The arts create jobs that help develop the economy. Any given performance takes a tour bus full of artists, technical experts, managers, musicians, or writers to create an appealing piece of art. These people earn a living wage for their professional knowledge and skills.Another group of folks is needed to help market the event.“If you build it they will come”is a misleading belief. Painters, digital media experts, photographers, booking agents and promoters are hired to sell tickets and promote the event. According to the Dallas Area Cultural Advocacy Coalition, arts agencies employ more than 10,000 people as full-or part-time employees or independent contractors.A successful arts neighborhood creates a ripple effect(连锁反应) throughout a community. In 2005, when the Bishop Arts Theatre was donated to our town, the location was considered a poor area of town. After investing more than $1 million in reconstructing the building, we began producing a full season of theater performances, jazz concerts, and year-round arts education programs in 2008. Nearly 40 percent of jazz lovers live outside of the Dallas city limits and drive or fly in to enjoy an evening in the Bishop Arts District.No doubt the theater has contributed to the area’s development and economic growth. Today, there are galleries, studios, restaurants and newly built work spaces where neighbors share experiences, where there is renewed life and energy. In this way, arts and culture also serve as a public good.TeCo Theatrical Productions Inc. made use of Bloomberg’s investment of $35,000 to get nearly $400,000 in public and private sector support during the two-year period.Further, Dallas arts and arts-based businesses produce$298 for every dollar the city spends on arts programming and facilities. In Philadelphia, a metro area smaller than Dallas, the arts have an economic impact of almost $3 billion and support 44,000 jobs, 80 percent of which actually lie outside the arts industry, including accountants, marketers, construction workers, hotel managers, printers, and other kinds of art workers.The arts are efficient economic drivers and when they are supported, the entire small-business community benefits.It is wrong to assume arts groups cannot make a profit. But in order to stay in business, arts groups must produce returns. If you are a student studying the arts, chances are you have been ill-advised to have a plan B. But those who truly understand the economic impact and can work to change the patterns can create a wide range of career possibilities.答案[语篇解读]本文为说明文。

2020高考英语二轮复习专题限时训练（江苏专用）专题2 阅读理解 30（35分钟）AWhile travelling to Newcastle in the UK to visit relatives, I arrived in London to find my plane transfer north to Newcastle had been cancelled due to deteriorating weather conditions.The airline was helpful -- offering me a choice between a night in a hotel or a six-hour bus fide to my destination. With no indication as to whether a flight to Newcastle would happen in the next two days, I chose the bus ride.I stored all my baggage in the luggage compartment of the bus, thinking I would not need anything on the journey.The young lady sitting beside me could see how tired I was and asked me if anyone would be meeting me on my arrival.I realised that t had left my cell phone in my bag and had no way to contact my relatives. They would be waiting for me at the airport about five hours before the bus got to Newcastle, not knowing what had happened. Without hesitation, the young lady offered me the use of her cell phone.When the bus made a rest stop, she asked me if I was getting out. I replied that I wouldn’t as I still had sandals on, and bare feet weren’t ideal for the cold weather, When she got back on, she’d bought me some tea and a packet of sweets to eat.When we eventually arrived in Newcastle, the woman checked that someone was there to meet me. I asked her to wait a moment while I got my purse to repay her, but whenI looked up she had gore. I was unable to even verbally thank her.1. We learn from the passage that ____________.A. the author had little money to buy the air ticket from London to NewcastleB. the author probably flew to London from a warm placeC. the author’s relatives missed meeting her in LondonD. the author’s cell phone wasn’t functioning in Britain2. Which of the following information is of great importance to the author’s relatives?A. Why the flight was called off.B. Why the flight was delayed.C. Where the author was put up.D. When the author would arrive.3. What does the passage mainly tell us?A. British people always suffer from terrible weather in winter.B. British people are usually helpful.C. The author was kind of careless.D. The author was grateful to the airline.BAccurately forecasting the weather is a very hard thing to do. There are many parts of weather dynamics-the study of how water and air in motion cause weather patterns-to consider. Even the best forecast can be changed by a small weather disturbance halfway around the world. Today’s forecast use complex computer models, weather instruments, and detailed analyses of daily observations to predict the weather. However, it hasn’t always been that way. People, like your grandparents, use folklore and proverbs to help forecast the weather. They remembered what conditions caused changes and observed the factors associated with weather: atmospheric and cloud conditions, temperature, winds, and reactions of plants and animals. Many people believe that this way of forecasting weather is accurate more often than modem forecasting.Grandma’s aching joints might indicat e the arrival of a low-pressure system. She might also observe the geese flying lower than usual, confirming the low-pressure system. Finally, she might feel dampness on her skin, a sign of high humidity (湿度). Based on these three observations, grandma might warn that a storm is brewing.Joints and nerves can indicate dropping air pressure, Dissolved gases in the blood form bubbles under low air pressure. This causes pain in joints and nerve endings. Geese and other birds respond to changes in air pressure by adjusting how high they fly. In the fair, calm weather of a high-pressure system, the birds flyhigher than in the stormy weather associated with a low-pressure system.Nature provides other clues to changing weather. A decrease in air pressure causes deer and elk to come down from the mountains to look for shelter. Some animals feed more than usual. The higher humidity before a storm causes some insects to leave the trees and gather near the ground. Some flowers close so rain doesn’t get inside them. In winter, rhododendron plants curl up to protect themselves as the temperature drops.Several of the sayings apply in particular areas of the world. Here are some of them.■Early thunder, early spring.■Rainbow in the morning 8ives you fair warning.■When teeth and bones and bunions ache, expect the clouds to fill the lake.■When high clouds and tow clouds do not match together, prepare for a blow anda change in the weather.4. It is true that ___________.A. using folklore and proverbs to forecast weather is more accurate than modem forecastingB. complex computer models and weather instruments can always forecast weatheraccuratelyC. modern forecasting cannot always guarantee accurate weather forecasting for some reasonD. modem forecasting along with other observations is sure to give accurate weather forecast5. In a low-pressure system, you may notice the following EXCEPT that ___________.A. some birds will be seen flying near the surface of the earthB. some flowers close so rain doesn’t get insideC. some animals come down from mountainsD. some insects disappear from ground6. It is a fact that the behaviour of plants and animals is _________.A. likely to reflect long-term weather forecastingB. likely to reflect short-term weather forecastingC. unlikely to reflect any kind of weather forecastingD. more likely to reflect both short-term and long. term weather forecasting7. What does the passage mainly tell us?A. People can forecast weather with no modern equipment.B. How to use proverbs to forecast weather forecasting.C. Hard as it is, weather forecasting has a scientific base.D. The importance of weather forecasting.CThe United States has always bee n a country of many cultures. Before Europeans came to North America, many groups of Native Americans lived here. Different Native American groups had different cultures. The first Europeans in the United States were from England and Holland, but immigrants came from all European countries. Many people also immigrated from Asia and Africa. Sadly, many Africans were brought to the United States as slaves. Many immigrants come from Latin America too. Today, the United States has people from more cultures than ever.In the 19th century, people spoke of the United States as a “melting pot.” People thought that all immigrates should forget their native cultures and languages and become English-speaking Americans. They felt that people should assimilate - join American culture. However, not everyone wanted to assimilate completely. Many people tried to keep parts of their cultures, such as foods, customs, and languages. However, their children often forgot their parents’ or grandparents’ language. But most Americans, even those whose families have been here a long time, can tell the countries their relatives came from. And of course, new immigrants take great pride in their curare and language.For all of these reasons, melting pot is no longer a good way to describe the United States. Instead, people now call the United States a “salad bowl.” They say salad bowl because in a salad, you can still see all of the individual parts (lettuce, tomato, and so on), but all the different parts mixed together and begin to take on the flavor of one another.8. Which of the following is the key information the writer wants to tell us in the first paragraph?A. There used to be many groups of Native Americans.B. Englishmen were among the first to settle in America.C. Asians and Africans also immigrated to America.D. USA today is made up of people from across the world.9. The “melting pot” ___________.A. is an accurate way to describe the United StatesB. is a place where people from different cultures should assimilate completelyC. cannot accurately reflect the reality in the United StatesD. cannot be replaced by the “salad bowl”10. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Many immigrates to the United States try to keep some of their culture.B. Immigrates are encouraged to use English wherever they go in the USA.C. Children of early immigrates can speak English as well as their parents’ native language.D. New immigrants want to live in their own culture and language.11. The “salad bowl” reflects the fact that immigrates to the United States ____________.A. help each otherB. assimilate only partiallyC. take great pride in their culture and languageD. remain independentDExpecting good things can make you healthier and might even lengthen your life, says researcher Suzaane Segerstrom, PhD, author of Breaking Murphy’s Law. Segerstrom is coauthor of a recent review of studies on the benefits of a positive attitude---and has experienced them herself. We asked her about optimism’s principles and payoffs.l) Feeling well helps when you’re not well.“When researchers look at people who have similar medical conditions, they can predict who’s likely to live longer: the one who feels his he alth is better. There’s something about that feeling of wellness that’s important, even--maybe especially--if you’re ill. Optimism also seems to help buffer (减缓) you against stress. I’ve been studying first-year law students for 16 years. That’s a very st ressed group, but in my most recent study, each time a student’s optimism increased one point on a five-point scale, his immune (免疫性的) response to an injected virus or yeast improved by 20 percent.”2) Optimism is something you do.“Anxiety and other negat ive emotions are known to be detri-mental to the body, especially to your cardiovascular and immune systems (心血管和免疫系统), and having an optimistic nature seems to protect against those effects.In addition, research shows that people who axe optimistic about their future behave differently. They exercise more, are less likely to smoke, and follow a better diet. And if they get sick, they’re more likely to actively participate in their treatment. I’ve seen that myself--I have back pain from arthritis, but I think my willingness to do whatever it takes has helped a lot.”3) Not happy? Don’t worry.“Happiness is a feeling; optim ism is a belief that aspects of your future will turn out well. Happiness can fluctuate (波动) a lot, but an optimistic disposition (性格) is usually pretty stable. If you’re not optimistic, you can try creating a ‘positive events’ log. Good filings happen to everyone, but pessimists often don’t take notice; spending a fe w minutes every day writing about at least three positive things may help you expect them more often. Or instead of trying to be optimistic, do what optimists do: Work hard to reach your goals. Each accomplishment should make it easier to be hopeful about the next one.”12. The main finding of the study done by 8uzanae Segerstrom is ________.A. people will benefit from their positive attitudes towards lifeB. anyone who feels his health is better lives longerC. people who are optimistic about their future behave differentlyD. happiness usually results in a bright future13. What conclusion did Suzanne Segerstrom draw from her studies on her fast-year law students?A. The better medical care they enjoy, the longer they will live.B. The younger they arc, the stronger they will be.C. The more optimistic they am, the less likely they will get ill.D. The better they feel, the more rapidly they will recover from illness.14. We learn from the passage that optimistic people __________.A. are easy to give up smokingB. are willing to do whatever they are askedC. take an active part in all aspectsD. tend to have a better life style15. What are you advised to do according to the passage?A. Take exercise as much as you can.B. Keep a daily note of positive things.C. Work hard and play hard.D. Make your goals easy to reach. BDBCD BCDCA BACDB。