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专题(一) 名词天0津0真题练1.[2021·25]His beautiful music has brought to people all over the world.A.difficultyB.pleasureC.weatherD.danger2.[2020·26]—In China, we use red paper for hongbao because red means good luck. —That’s interesting! I want to know all the Chinese .A.traditionsB.sentencesC.noticesD.problems3.[2019·23] The of this activity is to raise money for a new hospital.A.silenceB.purposeC.culturenguage4.[2018·24]Her smile made me feel warm and lively. It was like a hidden .petitionB.interviewC.treasureD.tradition5.[2017·24]Don’t stand too close to North Americans. You’d better give them more personal .A.timeB.systemC.spaceD.pity6.[2016·24]Every year many foreign friends come to see the of Tianjin, such as Tianjin Eye and Haihe River.A.concertsB.playsC.cartoonsD.sights7.[2015·24]In 1998, Liu Xiang’s in hurdling was noticed by Sun Haiping.A.abilityB.tradeC.electricityD.memory8.[2014·22]If you work harder, you’ll have another to play the violin ata concert.A.sleepB.chanceC.mistakeD.problem拓展提升练题组一一、单项填空1.[2021·红桥区二模]—Do you have any for this weekend yet?—Not yet. What about having a picnic in the park?A.newsB.plansC.problemsD.rules2.Once a term, there is a meeting, so our parents and teachers can talk about our progress.A.parentsB.parent’sC.parents’D.parent3.[2021·河西区一模]Children from deep mountains had no to go to school many years ago.rmationB.timeeD.chance4.[2021·南开区二模]—I find your grandpa always drinks a glass of water after he gets up every morning.—Yes. He has had the good for many years.A.resultB.habitC.ruleD.exercise5.[2021·河北区二模]It is clear that big cities need more schools, buses and hospitals. They also need fresh clean water and better public .A.problemsB.servicesC.decisionsD.adventures6.[2021·东丽区二模]—Keep quiet! I need complete when I’m working. —Sorry, Dad. I won’t make any noise again.A.trustB.silenceC.controlD.standard7.[2021·滨海新区二模]He didn’t tell his parents he was going home because he wanted to give them a .A.kissB.giftC.chanceD.surprise8.[2021·津南区一模]A patient will usually listen to the doctor’s and act on it.A.newsrmationC.adviceD.message9.[2021·和平区二模]The people who are more confident have more to make themselves successful.A.chancescationC.prideD.excuses10.[2021·河西区二模]Studying in another city is a different . You can havea try.A.electricityB.exerciseC.exhibitionD.experience11.According to China Daily, 40 percent of the in our country had been fully-vaccinated(接种疫苗) by June in 2021.A.pollutionB.populationC.positionD.production12.[2021·西青区二模]Although it takes to change things into something else, it is better than throwing things away or burning them.A.formB.energyC.adventureD.decision13.[2021·南开区三模]For my homework I have to write a(n) about the wonders of the world.A.musicB.picturepositionD.exam14.—Could you help me do some cleaning, Jason?—Certainly. Mom will be crazy if she sees this , I think.A.messageB.menuC.messD.market15.—To tell you the truth, I don’t want to join in the singing competition. —Come on. You just need more practice to build up your .A.challengeB.energyC.developmentD.confidence二、根据首字母提示,填写所缺单词,每空一词。
名词1. 名词语法的基本框架2.名词语境辨析3.名词的正确形式填空4.名词词组填空5.名词在句子中运用6.名词语篇填空1名词语法基本框架名词的数名词的所有格名词单复数的判断1.如何判定是可数名词还是不可数名词①可数名词有单数和复数两种形式,如：desk,desks；②可数名词前面可以被基数词,不定冠词（a/an）,many修饰,如：three boys,an apple, many students。
2.如何判定是不可数名词①不可数名词没有复数形式,如：tea,meat；②不可数名词,若表示数量,可用量词加不可数名词,如：a piece of paper, two cups of tea。
3. 常见的名词修饰词①只修饰可数名词的修饰语few 几乎没有a few 有几个several 有几个many 很多a couple of 两个a number of 若干a great/large number of 许多②只修饰不可数名词的修饰语little很少,几乎没有a little有一点儿much很多a good/great deal of很多a bit of有一点儿a large amount of大量的③既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的修饰语some 一些a lot of 很多lots of 很多plenty of 充足的enough 足够的most 大多数的hardly any 几乎没有the rest of 剩下的名词拓展1.voice, noise, soundvoice指人的说话声或唱歌声,指人的“嗓音”;noise是“吵闹声、噪音”,指不悦耳的声音;sound指自然界中的任何声音。
2.work与jobwork是不可数名词,指需花费体力和脑力的工作;job是可数名词,多指“零工”或“短工”。
例:a part-time job一份兼职工作;out of work 失业3.family, home, housefamily强调整体,指“家、家庭”时,谓语动词用单数;强调个人,指“家庭成员”时,谓语动词用复数;不用于指住房。
名词属于十大词类中的一种，主要包括普通名词和专有名词两种。
纵观近几年中考对于名词的考查，主要以选择题和填空题为主，考查内容以词义理解、名词所有格及词形转换居多。
在备考2023年中考时，注意掌握名词变复数的变化规则，掌握不可数名词向可数名词转化的规律，名词所有格的用法，名词的句法功能等，并做到灵活运用，以便提高综合运用能力。
中考考查重点：一、名词词义辨析；二、名词的数；三、名词所有格。
考向一：名词的分类分类说明例句普通名词可数名词个体名词表示人或事物的个体名称city城市，panda熊猫，chair椅子，hospital医院，nurse护士集体名词表示一群人或一些事物的总称public公众，people人们，class班级，family家庭，police警察不可数名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的物质或材料的名称rice大米，snow雪，steel钢铁，cotton棉花，corn玉米，air空气抽象名词表示行为、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念的名词courage勇气，determination决心，satisfaction满意，happiness幸福，success成功，love热爱专有名词表示人名、地名、国名London伦敦，Tom汤姆，the Great Wall长城，Asia亚洲表示书名、电影名、各种标语Spider Man 《蜘蛛侠》表示机构、组织、团体UNESCO联合国教科文组织集体名词的分类1. 本身是复数，如，cattle牛群，people人们，police警察。
2. 本身单复数均可表示，如audience观众，class班级，club俱乐部，committee委员会，company公司，crew船员，enemy敌人，family家庭，government政府，group组，team队（当这一类词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于其表示的具体含义，如果作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词用单数形式；如果指的是具体成员，则谓语动词用复数形式）►The family is the basic unit of society. 家庭是构成社会的基本单位。
专题01 名词1. The ________ rang and Pat answered it. It was his son calling from New York.A. telephoneB. doorbellC. clockD. bike【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：电话铃响了，帕特接了电话。
是他儿子从纽约打来的。
考查名词辨析。
telephone电话；doorbell门铃；clock时钟；bike 自行车。
结合语境和下一句“It was his son calling from New York.”可知帕特的儿子从纽约打电话来，所以应该是电话铃声响了。
故选A。
（2022·云南昆明·中考真题）2. —Do you know March 21st is World Sleep Day? Sleep is important to us.—Yes. A good sleep gives us ________ and makes us happy. A. truth B. fame C. energy D. culture【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：——你知道3月21日是世界睡眠日吗？睡眠对我们很重要。
——是的。
良好的睡眠给我们能量，让我们快乐。
考查名词辨析。
truth事实；fame声誉；energy能量；culture文化。
根据“A good sleep gives us”可知睡眠让人精力充沛。
故选C。
3. —Jack, I have no idea for the report.—Me neither. Why don’t we ask the teacher for ________?A. helpB. jokesC. foodD. tickets【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：——Jack，我对这份报告没有什么想法。
——我也没有。
我们为什么不向老师求助呢？考查名词辨析。
专题一名词易错清单1. information,message,news(1) information作“信息”解,通常指在阅读、观察、谈话或书信往来中特别关注的消息、情报、资料等。
它侧重内容,是不可数名词。
如:They must find out some information about planes to Kunming as quickly as possible.他们必须尽快查到有关飞往昆明班机的信息。
(2)news作“新闻”解,一般指通过广播、电视、报纸等新闻媒体向大众发布的社会各方面的最新消息,它侧重一个“新”字,是不可数名词。
如:There's a piece of interesting news in today's newspaper. 在今天的报纸上有一条有趣的消息。
No news is good news.没消息就是好消息。
(3)message作“音信”解,一般指口头传递的或书写的“消息”,是可数名词。
如:She often sends messages to me with her mobile phone.她经常给我发手机短信。
2. noise,voice,sound(1) sound “声音”,为最常用词,指可以听到的任何声音,强的,弱的,令人愉快的或不愉快的,有意义的或无意义的。
如:I was reading last night,when suddenly I heard a sound in the next room.昨晚我正看书时,突然听到隔壁房间有声音。
(2) noise 常指太响或人们不愿听到的声音,“嘈杂声、喧闹声”。
如:The boys made too much noise.孩子们太吵闹了。
(3) voice 指“说话声”“唱歌声”“嗓音”如:That sounds like Mary's voice. 那声音听起来好像玛丽的声音。
专题01 名词1．（2020·河北·统考中考真题）In a restaurant, people usually choose food and drink fromthe .A．book B．menu C．newspaper D．magazine【答案】B【详解】句意：在餐馆里，人们通常从菜单上选择食物和饮料。
考查名词辨析。
book书籍；menu 菜单；newspaper 报纸；magazine杂志。
通过空前的“In a restaurant在餐馆里”及“choose food and drink选择食物”可知，此处是说从“菜单”上选择食物。
故选B。
2．（2019·河北·中考真题）I like this song. It’s by one of my favorite_________.A．singers B．dancers C．painters D．writers【答案】A【详解】句意：我喜欢这首歌，它是我最喜欢的歌手之一唱的。
根据I like this song.可知是最喜欢的歌手唱的；singers歌手，dancers舞蹈家，painters画家，writers作家；故选A。
3．（2018·河北·中考真题）Did you hear the ________? A scientist will visit our school. A．advice B．news C．praise D．choice【答案】B【详解】句意：你听到这个消息了吗？一位科学家将参观我们的学校。
考查名词词义辨析。
advice意为“建议”；news意为“消息、新闻”；praise意为“赞美、赞扬”；choice意为“选择”。
根据句意语境，可知ACD三项意思都与句意不合，故选B。
A．secret B．advice C．promise D．purpose【答案】B【详解】句意：你的建议是非常有帮助的。
