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重庆市2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试11月调研测试卷语文语文测试卷共8页，满分150分。
考试时间150分钟。
注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读Ⅰ(本题共5小题,19分)阅读下面的文字，完成1~5题。
要了解作为“技术”的ChatGPT，有必要先说一说对“技术”的理解。
广义的“技术”，按照著名法国社会学家埃卢尔在《技术社会》一书里的阐述，不只是一个可以用来实现我们目标的中性工具，还是塑造我们价值观的一种强大力量。
技术是一个由其自身内部逻辑驱动的系统，其运作往往独立于人类的意志或意图。
例如，互联网开始于“自由信息传递”的高速公路的理念，塑造了我们关于信息和知识自由交流的价值观，虽然后来被扭曲和滥用，但这个价值观并没有消失或死亡，只是没有实现而已。
埃卢尔的一个关键观点是，技术是一个自我延续的系统，它寻求无限制的扩张和增长。
技术社会产生了自主技术，在这种条件下，技术的价值驱动着技术，继而技术将决定社会的其他部分.在自主技术的条件下，“外部需求不再决定技术.技术本身的内部需要是决定性的”。
一旦人类进入技术社会，技术就不会被任何东西控制，而且有可能改变我们的环境和生活。
因此，作为人工智能的一部分，ChatGPT会不会加速改变人类的思考、知识、智慧、学术、艺术创作?当技术不再只是一种手段或工具，而开始成为一种目的或目标而趋向于自我延续和难以停止时，它就变得自主了，而且使人类变得更加依赖技术，最终被困在一个我们无法控制的系统中。
因此，抵制技术力量的唯一方法是发展对其影响的批判意识，并积极努力限制其对我们生活的影响。
这需要我们愿意质疑对技术的假设，并对我们如何使用它作出慎重的选择.对埃卢尔来说，技术不仅适用于经济或国家，还适用于体闲活动、精神分析、管理组织、人类技术等等，“今天，没有任何东西能逃脱技术的束缚”。
2024年重庆市普通高中学业水平选择性考试11月调研测试卷物理参考答案1～7BACDADB 8AC9BC10BC解析：1．B。
顾客受扶梯的作用力方向竖直向上，顾客对扶梯的作用力方向竖直向下，选项B 正确。
2．A。
空气阻力做负功，该运动员的机械能一直减少，选项A 正确。
3．C。
设地球质量为M ，则a m r Mm G 月月=2，g m R Mm G苹苹=2，所以22r R g a =，选项C 正确。
4．D。
设小球在轨道最高位置速度大小为v 1，轨道最低位置速度大小为v 2，要使小球能在竖直面内做完整圆周运动，在轨道最高位置满足mg ≤R m 21v ，在轨道最低位置满足212221221v v m R mg m +⋅=，联立可得2v ≥gR 5，选项D 正确。
5．A。
设动车的加速度大小为a ，则)t (t t t )t L(t t t t L t L a 122112212122+-=+-=，选项A 正确。
6．D。
该无人机在距地高h 2时，其重力势能2p mgh E =，由a -h 图像知其动能222212120202k h a m h a m m E =⋅⋅==v ，故其机械能20k p )2(h g a m E E E ＋=+=，选项D 正确。
7．B。
在时间t ∆内，吹向该广告牌的空气质量t S m ∆⋅=∆v ρ，对大风由动量定理有v m t F ∆-=∆-0，由牛顿第三定律可得，大风对该广告牌的平均作用力大小2v S F F ρ=='，选项B 正确。
8．AC。
由x -t 图像可知，t 0时刻，甲追上乙，选项A 正确，选项B 错误；比赛全程，平均速度甲v ＞乙v ，选项C正确，选项D 错误。
9．BC。
由分析知，箱丙与天花板间轻绳断裂后瞬间，乙的加速度为零，甲、丙二者加速度相同，对甲、丙整体进行受力分析，由牛顿第二定律有甲ma mg mg mg 423=++，得g a 5.1=甲，选项B 正确，选项A 错误；设甲对丙的弹力大小为F N ，对丙有甲ma F mg 33N =+，解得mg F 5.1N =，选项C 正确，选项D 错误。
2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试11月调研测试卷英语参考答案1～5 CBACA 6～10 CBBCA 11～15 CBAAC 16～20 ABCAB21～25ACBDB26～30 ACACD31～35 DDBDC36～40 DCEAG41～45CABDA46～50 ACBBA51～55 DBCDD56. a 57. falls58. experienced 59. skills60. to evaluate 61. that 62.definitely63. depending64. for 65. will improve第一节Dear Sam,I hope this email finds you well. I wanted to inform you about an upcoming special lecture at our school on “Enhancing Time Management Efficiency”. As I know you have a keen interest in time management, I thought you would find it valuable to attend.The lecture will cover effective strategies and techniques to improve time management skills, enabling individuals to prioritize tasks, set goals, and optimize productivity. It will take place in the school lecture hall at 3 p.m. on Friday.I would be thrilled if you could join me for this event. Let’s learn together and explore new ways to manage our time efficiently.Looking forward to your positive response!Best regards,Li Hua第二节Some 15minutes passed,… then 10more.And a mix of anticipation and disappointment filled the air. I couldn’t help but feel frustrated that none of my classmates had shown up for Ruth’s birthday party. I heard soft cries coming from Ruth. When I looked up, I saw tears streaming down her face. All at once my eight-year-old heart was filled with sympathy for her and full of rage at my 35 selfish classmates. Determined to make the best of the situation, I made a silent decision to be there for Ruth and celebrate her special day, even if it meant doing it alone.We two started with the cake, enjoying each bite. It was just the two of us, but we didn’t let that dampen our spirits. We shared stories and laughter. Later, we played games, danced to our favorite songs, and even attempted to make our own paper crowns. Though the room may have been lacking the expected crowd, our bond grew stronger with each passing minute. In a flash it was noon. Mom was honking outside. Ruth hugged me tightly. With tears in her eyes, she whispered, “Thank you! You’ve made my day!” Sure enough, I had made a big difference in Ruth’s ninth birthday, and Mom had made a big difference in my life.答案详解阅读理解A篇【语篇解读】本文为应用文。
2024年重庆市普通高中学业水平选择性考试11月调研测试卷历史参考答案1～5CBDAD6～10BCDAA11～15DBCDA1．C。
原始农业、彩陶文化兴起于新石器时代早期，A、D项不符合史实。
B项的解读不充分。
联系南佐遗址的都邑性质，大小不同、造型相近的成套陶器，更有可能体现的是等级礼制。
2．B。
董仲舒等三人都主张治国当以“刑德”“义法”“礼法”并用。
A项理解错误，C项不符合史实，D项不是三人的思想共性。
3．D。
按照田、梁二人的理解，门阀政治是“皇权政治的变态”，也不属于“贵族政治”。
A、B项不符合题意，C项并未提及。
门阀政治不同于秦汉以来的官僚政治，故D项正确。
4．A。
两税法以每户土地多少征收地税、以资产多少征收户税，土地、财产成为基本的计税标准。
“务轻资而乐转徙者”比如商人，“敦本业而树居产者”比如小农、地主等，两类人的徭税负担与其资产不一定成正比。
故A项正确。
B、C、D项不合题意。
5．D。
结合题干中的“老成持重”“无过贤于有功”“守成贤相”等信息，D项正确。
A、B、C项史实正确，但不符合材料指向。
6．B。
宋元时期泉州瓷器畅销海外，促进了泉州制瓷业的兴盛，B项符合题意。
A、C项不能据材料准确得出，D项不符合史实。
7．C。
中央政府的财政调拨与扶持，有利于解决落后地区（边疆地区）的财政困难，保障这些地区的社会稳定，从而有利于增进统一国家认同。
A、B、D项理解错误。
8．D。
台湾进出口贸易发生的变化，应结合甲午战争后日本割占台湾、澎湖列岛及附属岛屿这一重大史实加以理解。
故D项正确。
9．A。
醒狮也称瑞狮，意为吉祥如意，近代改称“醒狮”，寓意醒狮醒国魂，击鼓振精神。
广州《时事画报》借用岭南醒狮习俗，以燃放鞭炮震醒睡狮而寓意救亡兴国。
B、C、D项理解错误。
10．A。
工人运动的高涨，展示了无产阶级的力量，推动了反帝反封建斗争，为新民主主义革命兴起提供了阶级基础。
B、C项不完全符合题意，D项不能从材料准确得出。
2020-2021学年重庆市十一中学高三英语月考试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ATop Four Places to Visit in and aroundBaliUbudUbud is pretty away from the beaches. It is considered the cultural center of Bali, where you will discover the art and spirit ofBaliand learn about Balinese religion through paintings, dance, and other art forms. You could drink a beer while watching a local band perform, but most people come here for the cultural appreciation.Nusa LembonganThis tiny island off the coast of Bali is where many people miss their journey plans, but it is a must-see, It is the perfect place to stay for a couple of nights, The roads are not good, but the island itself is so beautiful and quiet.SanurSanur is an especially relaxing beach town. It's close to the airport and Kuta. It's also the starting place to explore Nusa Lembongan.KutaThebeachofKutais great for surfing. It is crowded and you won't get far without someone trying to get you to rent a surfboard or buy something. The main town is a mixture of market stands and shopping malls containing the biggest brands, from Zara to Ralph Lauren. The familiarity of the western style shops and restaurants won't give anyone too much of a culture shock.1. Which place are you probably advised to experience Balinese culture?A. Nusa Lembongan.B. Sanur.C. Ubud.D. Kuta.2. What is special about Kuta?A. It is a beach town near the airport.B. It has a convenient transportation means on it.C. It is a shopping center and famous for surfing.D. It is a place where you can learn Balinese history.3. Where is the text probably taken from?A. An official document.B. A travel magazine.C. A science report.D. A history book.BThereare two days that set you on your path in life: the day you’re born, and the day you realize why you were born.Growing up south of Chicago in Harvey, Illinois, most people just had their heads down trying to make it from point A to point B. I was the same way, just going with the flow. I played basketball in high school because I was good at it and because other people thought I should until I discovered my talent.I give up basketball and started doing speeches. It wasn’t a popular decision but my grandfather told me to do what made me happy. I fell in love with comedy and performing. And when I discovered the passion, I realized why I was born.I knew I had something to offer —I knew that not only am I powerful, but I can make a difference.I realized a long time ago that my dream is not to be famous or rich. My talent is to entertain. But it’s more than that. I have the chance to reach people, to brighten days, to bring laughter and positive energy into lives and inspire. And I am grateful forit.Acting putting myself out there and having doors closed on me time and time again has taught me a lot about myself. I have learned to trust what I have to offer the world over momentary doubt. I’ve learned to put my faith over my feelings. And I've grown a tough skin. More importantly, I have learned there is a long way towards our goals and that when we put our talents and passion to work, we determine our value.Like a lot of places across the country, there’s poverty, crime, violence and unemployment in Harvey. And growing up there, a lot of people have tragically low expectations for life. But I know that with the right opportunity and with help along the way, everyone can find their passion and go after it. My life is proof.4. What was the author born to do according to the text?A. Be a basketball player.B. Act and perform.C. Make speeches.D. Teach people.5. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to?A. Chance.B. Energy.C. Days.D. Laughter.6. What is the author’s purpose of writing this text?A. To help others find their talents.B. To prove his decision was right.C. To inspire people to follow their dreams.D. To encourage people to set a goal.7. What can be the best tile for the text?A. Success Lies in Hard Work.B. How to Achieve the Dream Is Important.C. The Two Important Days in Life.D. The Day I Realized What I Was Born to Do.CCraig Blackburn, a father and car fan, built a Batmobile for his son’s hope for using the vehicle to brighten the lives of sick children. And now he hopes to use it for more than just his sons hope after seeing the childrens reaction to the Batmobile.Based on the number of failures he had seen in car groups, he estimated that only about one in 50 attempted constructions was actually finished and he realized what an incredible opportunity he had.Mr. Blackburn started the project at the beginning of 2018 after hearing a friend in the US was doing the same thing. It started with importing an outer shell overseas, before picking brains of a friend who had a background as a worker in a car factory to gain knowledge of how to build the car. With the help of his friend, Mr. Blackburn built the Batmobile in 18 months with the cost reaching six figures.Mr.Blackburn hoped to add a flamethrower(喷火器)onto the back of the vehicle and said he had thought about building the more recent Batman Tumbler from the series film Dark Knight. Though Mr. Blackburn encountered plenty of difficulties to get over during the construction, in September 2019, the carmade its first show at the Carnival of Flowers in Toowoomba, before being used by Blackburn’s son for his hope.“It was great. It was so good to see the kids’ and adults’ excitement at seeing the Batmobile.” Mr. Blackburn said. As a result, the car lovers hope to make the car work on the roads as soon as possible, so he can visit sick children and take them out with his son.8. What is Craig Blackburn’s initial purpose of making the Batmobile?A. To realize his son’s dream.B. To donate it to sick children.C. To pay his respects to the film Dark Knight.D. To show off at the Carnival of Flowers in Toowoomba.9. How did Blackburn feel about the car-making at first?A. Hopeful.B. Confused.C. Impossible.D. Unsure.10. How did Blackburn’s friend help him?A. By making an outer shell for him.B. By offering him financial support.C. By sharing the knowledge of building cars.D. By telling him the background of the car factory.11. What is the car lovers’ expectation of the Batmobile?A. It will be driven soon on the roads.B. It can be displayed around the world.C. It can change the lives of sick children.D. It will appear in the next film about Batman.DHundreds of children are being treated for sleep problems in Wales every year. In some cases，babies，infants (婴儿)and teenagers have been admitted to hospital in north Wales alone.The Children’s Sleep Charity said many children were suffering from lack of sleep mainly because of technology use. Public Health Wales said sleep was as important to a child’s health as healthy eating and exercise，and children with poor sleep patterns were more likely to be fat.Statistics obtained (获得) under the Freedom of Information Act by BBC Wales found at least 408 children have been admitted to hospitals across Wales suffering from sleep disorders since March 2013.Children aged between 0 and 4 made up the highest number of inpatients (住院病人)，with some newborns being treated for sleep-related problems from the day of birth.Vicki Dawson，who set up the Children’s Sleep Charity (CSC)，said sleepless nights were putting both children and parents in anxiety. “Their weight and growth may also be affected as well as their mental health，”she said.Teachers said children showing signs of sleep shortage and tiredness in class were a concern as they couldn’t concentrate for long periods.Psychologist Amy McClelland，of Sleep Wales，saida common problem was that children were “over excited”before bed and that families should get back to basics. “Think 1950s family home. Dinner as a family，read，chat，a film maybe，lights off and then bed. ”She added.12. What’s the mainreason why children are short of sleep？A. Less exercise.B. Eating habits.C. Technology use.D. Sleep patterns.13. Who are the majority of the inpatients with sleep-related disorders？A. Infants.B. Teenagers.C. Teachers.D. Parents.14. What can we infer from what Amy McClelland said？A. Chatting and films make children sleep more.B. It is difficult for children to read before bed.C. Being too excitedis good for sleep habits.D. Relaxation has a bad effect on children.15. What is the best title forthe text？A. Ways to Treat Sleep ProblemsB. Sleep Problems of Welsh ChildrenC. Sleep Habits of Welsh ChildrenD. The Problems of Welsh Children第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2025年重庆市普通高中学业水平选择性考试11月调研测试卷物理参考答案1～7ABACDDB 8BD 9ABD 10AC解析：1．A 。
橡皮擦受力平衡，该过程中，物体课本对橡皮擦的作用力不变，由牛顿第三定律可知，橡皮擦对物理课本的作用力也不变，选项A 正确，故选A 。
2．B 。
使用安全带，在发生交通事故时，可以使驾、乘人员相对座位尽量不发生位移，选项B 正确，故选B 。
3．A 。
这三个共点力的合力大小范围为1N ≤合F ≤11N ，由ma F =知，加速度大小范围为1m /s 2≤a ≤11m /s 2，选项A 符合题意，故选A 。
4．C 。
设地球自转的角速度为ω，地球赤道上的静止物体随地球自转的速率ωR =v ，静止于纬度为30°的重庆某地的物体随地球自转的速率v v 232330cos ==︒='ωωR R ，选项C 正确，故选C 。
5．D 。
设篮球在最高点的速度为v ，从最高点到落入篮筐历时t ，由θtan v =gt ，可知v ∝t ，所以选项A 、B 、C均不能确定；投球点到进球点的距离t x v 2=，最高点相对篮筐的高度t gt h 2tan 212θv ==，可知θtan 4=h x ，选项D 可以确定，故选D 。
6．D 。
设物块从斜面底端沿斜面向上运动的最大距离为0d ，物块与斜面间的动摩擦因数为μ，由动能定理得，01)cos sin (d mg mg E θμθ+=，02)cos sin (d mg mg E θμθ-=，解得θμtan 2121E E E E +-=，选项D 正确，故选D 。
7．B 。
在喷管喷水口处，设喷射速度为v ，经过t ∆的时间喷出的水的质量为m ∆，喷管的横截面积为S ，则t S m ∆=∆v ρ，电动机的输出功率为P ，则t ∆时间内电动机做功转化成水的机械能221v m t P ∆=∆，对质量为m ∆的水，从离开喷口至到达最高点的过程中，由机械能守恒定律得221v m mgh ∆=∆，联立可得()2322gh SP ρ=，说明23h P ∝，选项B 正确，故选B 。
一、单项选择题：本题共15小题，每小题3分，共45分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合2024年重庆市普通高中学业水平选择性考试11月调研测试卷历史题目要求的。
1.甘肃庆阳南佐遗址是一处具有都邑性质的大型中心聚落，距今约5100一4700年。
位于遗址中心的宫殿区域出土了大量造型、大小都成系列的陶器，其中有9件高度在60厘米左右的小口平底彩陶瓶、以及成套的白色堆纹夹砂小罐(如图)。
南佐遗址出土的成组成套陶器，最有可能体现的是A.原始农业开始出现B.生活用具丰富多样C.早期国家礼制产生D.史前彩陶文化兴起2.以下为汉代部分政论家的言论摘选“天道之大者在阴阳。
阳为德，阴为刑；刑主杀而德主生。
”[西汉]董仲舒《天人三策》“义者，君之政也；法者，君之命也。
”[东汉]王符《潜夫论》“情无所止，礼为之俭；欲无所齐，法为之防。
”[东汉]仲长统《昌言》据此可知，汉代思想界A.摈弃了秦朝治国方针B .儒法思想走向融合 C.呈现出多元争鸣局面 D.天人感应学说盛行3.史学家田余庆先生认为，魏晋南北朝特别是东晋时期出现了“门阀与皇权共治”的现象，但这也仅是“皇权政治的变态”；梁启超认为这一时期与汉代不同，“可谓之有贵族，而不可谓之有贵族政治”。
按照他们的看法，该时期的“门阀政治”A.改变了皇权专制模式B.是对封建贵族政治的回归C.阻碍了社会发展进步D.可视为“官僚政治的变态”4.陆贽(754年-805年)认为两税法的实际效果有限，造成“务轻资而乐转徙者，恒脱于徭税。
敦本业而树.居产者，每困于征求”。
这一问题的产生，主要是由于两税法A.以土地资产为计税基础B.每年分夏秋两季收税C.忽视基层社会户籍管理D.放松了对农民人身控制5.北宋前期，官员皆以老成持重相标榜，无过贤于有功。
吕端、李沆诸人皆有“守成贤相”之称，力主抗辽的寇准因与辽签订停战盟约，却被罢相。
这反映出当时A.厉行崇文抑武方针B.中央机构的分权互制C.奉行守内虚外政策D.因循保守的政治风气6.目前在福建泉州发现的宋元古瓷窑已有133处，主要分布在德化、南安、安溪等地，其中德化青白瓷以其质美量多而闻名海内外。
2024年重庆市普通高中学业水平选择性考试11月调研测试卷地理参考答案1～5CDDAA6～10BCBDB11～15DCABD解析：1．C。
此题考查学生的读图能力和信息提取能力。
按照题目要求，结合图1中的图例指示，在空调能耗中对应最高的朝向是向西，故选项C正确。
2．D。
此题考查学生的区域综合分析能力。
天津位于我国北方地区，属于我国东部季风气候区，冬春季盛行偏北风，空气寒冷干燥，夏秋季盛行偏南风，空气温暖湿润。
当地采暖季为11月—次年3月，属于冬春季节，盛行寒冷干燥的偏北风，建筑窗户朝北容易让干冷空气进入室内，导致室内气温低，采暖费用升高，故选项D正确。
3．D。
据材料“增水是指受风暴潮影响，由强向岸风、高气压及波浪进流等引起的海水向岸边上涨的现象”，图中①②迎东南风，③迎西北风，而④处于海湾地带，冬、夏季风均不会直接影响其增水，相对比较平稳。
故选D。
4．A。
该地区奇礁怪石的成因是海浪侵蚀，与台风吹蚀、火山活动无关，更不可能是河流沉积。
故选A。
5．A。
该区域为长江、钱塘江等大河入海处，河流向海洋输入大量盐类物质；同时，处于大陆沿岸流与台湾暖流交汇处，搅拌将海底的盐类物质带到表层，促进浮游植物生长，进而鱼、虾等繁盛，这是该海域浮游生物丰富的独特海域条件，与其他关系不大。
故选A。
6．B。
本题关键是读图。
该地经度为100°11'E，比北京时间晚1小时19分，当该日地方时6:40时，北京时间约为8:00，读图可知近地层2m处的气温是12.8℃。
故选B。
7．C。
本题关键还是读图。
从图3可以看出，该地夜晚风速比白天小，从图4可以看出，地表因长波辐射而冷却，近地面降温快，甚至出现气温随高度增加而升高，从19:00左右开始出现逆温并一直维持到6:00，4:00-5:00的逆温最强。
因此该地夜晚风速较小的原因是地面降温快，出现逆温层。
故选C。
8．B。
据材料“该地西距点苍山约4km，东距洱海约2km，位于东南低西北高、依山傍水的坝区内，受湖陆风和山谷风的影响，该坝区内盛行风向呈现明显的日变化特征”，故此时（北京时间15:00，地方时约13:40）为一天中气温最高时刻（图4也反映该现象），白天吹湖风和谷风，两者叠加时风向大致一致，为东南风。
2020-2021学年重庆市十一中学高三英语第三次联考试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AOlder adults who sleep six hours or fewer a night may have elevated risk for dementia(痴呆症) and other cognitive (认知的) issues, a new study finds.Researchers at Stanford University measured seniors' (ages 65 to 85) dementia risk and cognitive abilities, finding higher risk in those patients who regularly slept six or fewer hours compared to those who slept seven or eight hours. Those seniors who slept nine or more hours also had lower cognitive functions and other health issues, but the researchers didn't find the same high dementia risk in this group.The findings demonstrate how important it is for adults to maintain a healthy sleep cycle, especially as they get older.As adults age, it's common for their sleep patterns to change or becomedisrupted— leading to longer, shorter, or more irregular sleep. This disruption may be linked to Alzheimer's and other forms of dementia, impacting seniors' ability to remember information, problem-solve, and go through everyday behaviors. Sleep disruption can also be caused by or heighten depression, cardiovascular disease（冠心病）, and other conditions.A recommended sleep time for seniors is seven to eight hours, the researchers said. Six or fewer hours corresponded to short sleep, while nine or more hours corresponded to long sleep.The Stanford researchers measured levels of beta amyloid, a protein in the brain that is typically found in high levels when a patient develops Alzheimer's. In addition, the researchers used several tests for memory, attention, spatial skills, and executive function to identify patients' cognitive abilities. Those patients sleeping for six hours or fewer a night were more likely to develop dementia, the researchers found. The low-sleep patients had higher levels of beta amyloid.The Stanford researchers found that patients with lower sleep also performed worse on memory tests, while those with higher sleep (more hours) performed worse on executive function tests，which measure the brain's ability to switch between different tasks.―The main takeaway is that it is important to maintain healthy sleep late in life, Winer told CNN.1. What does the underlined word “disrupted” in paragraph 4 mean?A. difficultB. disorderedC. dissolvedD. different2. According to the findings, which of the following is NOT related to the disrupted sleep?A. It is more likely to cause old people to have bad memories over issues.B. It may contribute to dementia, cardiovascular disease and other illnesses.C. Some daily behaviors perhaps differ from those whose sleeping is normal.D It tends to bring all the old people to undergo brain scans and cognitive tests.3. What can we infer from the study?A. A proper sleep time for seniors is seven to eight hours.B. Low and high sleep patients were both poor at memory tests.C. Executive function test is applied to measure the capacity of brain.D. Keeping a healthy sleep for older adults late in life is crucial.BA maverick describes a person who thinks independently. A maverick refuses to follow the customs or rules of a group to which he or she belongs. In the US, a maverick is often admired for his or her free spirit, although others who belong to the maverick’s group may not like the maverick’s independent ways.But where did the word “maverick” come from?Early in the 1800s, a man named Samuel Augustus Maverick settled down in Texas, which was a place of wide-open land, rich soil, cattle ranches(牛场) and cowboys. As the years passed, Mr. Maverick increased his property(财产) in Texas. Before long, he owned huge pieces of land that were good for raising cattle. But he had no cattle. He wasn’t a rancher.One day, a man came to Samuel Maverick to pay him an old debt. But the man didn’t have enough money. So he offered Mr. Maverick 400 head of cattle. Mr. Maverick accepted them, but he didn’t really want them. He simply put the cattle on his land to eat and care for themselves.It was not long before the cows reproduced(繁殖). The calves grew and had more calves. Soon, hundreds of cows and calves moved freely across Samuel Maverick’s land. They also moved across the land of nearby ranch owners.It was a tradition among ranchers in the West to put a mark of ownership on newborn calves. They burned the name of their ranch into the animal’s skin with a hot iron. The iron made a clear mark called a “brand”. Brands allowed ranchers to easily see who owned which cattle.Samuel Maverick refused to brand his calves. “Why should I?” he asked. If all the other cattle owners brandedtheirs, then those without a brand belonged to him.And this is how the word “maverick” entered the American language. It meant a calf without a brand. As time passed, the word “maverick” took on a wider meaning. It came to mean a person who was too independent to follow even his or her own group.4. Why did the man give Samuel Maverick 400 head of cattle?A. To get some money.B. To return what he owed him.C. To buy some of his land.D. To ask him to raise them.5. How could the ranchers easily know who the cattle belonged to?A. Through the brand on the cattle.B. Through the name of the cattle.C. Through the appearance of the cattle.D. Through the land on which the cattle stayed.6. What can we learn about Samuel Augustus Maverick from the text?A. He was born in Texas.B. He took good care of all his cattle.C. He didn’t really want to accept the cattle.D. He followed the tradition of ranchers in the West.7. What is the text mainly about?A. How to become an independent thinker.B. “Maverick” means a calf without a brand.C. The life story of Samuel Augustus Maverick.D. How the word “maverick” got into American English.CAustralia’s Great Barrier Reef has lost 50% of its corals (珊瑚) within 30 years, with climate change a key driver of reef disturbance, a new study has found.Researchers from the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, inQueensland, northeasternAustralia, studied coral communities and theirsize along the length of theGreat Barrier Reefbetween 1995 and 2017, finding all coral populations disappear gradually, they said.Reefs are important to the health of ocean ecosystems — without them, ecosystems break down and ocean life dies.Coral population decreases happened in both shallow and deep water coral species, experts found, but branching and table-shaped corals — which provide habitats for fish — were worst affected by mass bleaching (漂白) events in 2016.Warm ocean temperatures are the main reason of coral bleaching. Bleaching doesn’t kill coral immediately, but if temperatures remain high, eventually the coral will die, destroying a natural habitat for many species ofocean life.“We used to think the Great Barrier Reef is protected by its huge size — but in fact our results show that even the world’s largest and ly well-protected reef system is increasingly destroyed and in decline,” Terry Hughes, an outstanding professor at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, said.“There is no time to lose — we must sharply decrease greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible,” the reporter warned in the paper, published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society journal.8. What has mainly influenced the coral populations of theGreat Barrier Reef?A. Destroyed habitats.B. Climate change.C. Lack of seafood.D. Bleaching events.9. What can we learn from the passage?A. Many species has been dying out slowly.B. The size of reefs contributes to their protection.C. Ocean ecosystems don’t develop without reefs.D. Bleaching continually disturbs table-shaped corals.10. What attitude does the reporter hold to the present situation of theGreat Barrier Reef?A. Worried.B. Angry.C. Hopeful.D. Surprised.11. What is probably the best title for the passage?A. Climate change damages theGreat Barrier ReefB. The Species of ocean Life Are In DangerC. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Get WorseD. Sea Ecosystems Are In DeclineD"Sorry, but I don't agree with you..."This is usually followed by unbearable silence and angry tears. I've always found it difficult to disagree with someone, because I don't want to lose a friend. I've found it even harder to accept it when someone disagrees with me, because my ego（自尊心）ishurt.Before the other person gets a chance to explain why she disagrees with me, my usual response would be," If you aren't able to see my point of view, then what you think isn't worth my time or consideration, either." But now I've come to realize that when a friend disagrees with me, sometimes she is simply saying, "I don't agree with the way things are done." She still respects me as a person, and is only pointing out a better way to look at a matter. However, there may be times when my friend disagrees with me because I'm against the truth. That's when needto listen to what she says.I've learned that one way to help my friend is for me to be open and honest with the other to voice my thoughts and listen to the other carefully. While we can't control how a person will respond to our views, we must learn to disagree with our friends in love. We will never feel that we are better than the other person.And that will help us to be less emotional, and more objective in the way we express our opinions.In the same way, we can also stay open to feedback（反馈）from others,knowing that our friends may be correcting us in love.Good friendships build each other up, sometimes through disagreements and honest opinions. Though I don't like being disagreed with, I'm starting to see the value of such disagreements.12. The author has found it difficult to disagree with someone because .A. he is a friendly personB. he usually hides his ideasC. he has no mind of his ownD. he wants to keep the friendship13. When a friend disagreed with him,the author used to .A. be unhappyB. argue with the friendC. break up with the friendD. explain things calmly14. The author will listen to a friend when .A. he is against the truthB. he doesn't tell the truthC. he is respected by a friendD. he does things in the wrong way15. What does the author mainly talk about in the text?A. How to keep friendship.B. How to avoid hurting a friend.C. How to express disagreements.D. How to deal with disagreements.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
