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初中英语名词解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)及解析一、初中英语名词1．（•广西河池）—There is an MP5 on the desk,whose is this?—It can be my ____,she bought one yesterday.A. sisterB. sister'sC. sisters’D. sisters【答案】 B【解析】【分析】句意:一一书桌上有一个MP5是谁的?一一可能是我妹妹的。
她昨天买了一个。
A.妹,单数形式;B.单数的所有格形式;C.妹们的，复数的所有格式;D.妹们，复数形式。
本题表示MP5的所有关系所有格形式，后句的she说明是一个人，用单数，故选B。
2．There's little left at home. Go and buy some, dear.A. carrotsB. potatoesC. rice【答案】 C【解析】【分析】考查名词辨析。
句意：家里剩的马铃薯不多了，去买一些吧。
A. carrots 胡萝卜；B. potatoes马铃薯；C. rice大米。
因为空格前有little，它修饰不可数名词，rice 是不可数名词，故选C。
3．Upstairs are bedrooms. They are tidy and nice. But are in a mess.A. Lily's and Lucy's; ourB. Lily's and Lucy's; oursC. Lily's and Lucy; oursD. Lily and Lucy's; our【答案】 B【解析】【分析】句意：楼上是利莉莉的和露西的卧室，他们整洁又好看，但是我们的一团糟。
根据they，可知莉莉和露西每人有一个卧室，因此两个词都应使用所有格，故排除CD；第二空后面没有名词出现，应使用名词性物主代词，ours，我们的，故答案是B。
初中英语名词单复数专项讲解与练习一、名词的基本概念名词是指表示人、事物、地点、抽象概念等的名称。
在英语中，名词有单数和复数两种形式。
名词的单复数形式在句子中的主谓一致起着重要的作用。
下面将对初中英语名词单复数的相关知识进行详细讲解与练习。
二、名词的单数变复数规则1.一般情况下，在名词末尾加-s或-es构成复数。
如：dog-dogs, watch-watches。
2.以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y变为i，再加es。
如：baby-babies。
3.以-s，-ss，-sh，-ch，-x，-o结尾的名词，在末尾加-es。
如：bus-buses, class-classes, box-boxes。
4.以-f或-fe结尾的名词，将-f或-fe变为-v，再加-es。
如：knife-knives, leaf-leaves。
5.不规则复数形式：man-men, woman-women, child-children等。
三、名词单复数变化的使用在句子中，名词的单复数形式需要与其他语法要素保持一致，主要包括动词、形容词和冠词。
下面是一些常见的用法：1.主语与谓语动词一致：The boys play football.（男孩们踢足球。
）2.冠词的使用：He has a book. She has two books.（他有一本书。
她有两本书。
）3.形容词的使用：I have a black cat. We have twoblack cats.（我有一只黑猫。
我们有两只黑猫。
）四、练习题1.将下列单数名词变为复数形式：–cat–pencil–watch–tomato–bus2.将下列单数名词变为复数形式，并构造一个句子：–tooth–child–box–leaf–knife五、答案1.将下列单数名词变为复数形式：–cat - cats–pencil - pencils–watch - watches–tomato - tomatoes–bus - buses2.将下列单数名词变为复数形式，并构造一个句子：–tooth - teeth. She has two teeth.（她有两颗牙齿。
1.初中英语名词讲解与练习名词I. 名词的种类：专有名词普通名词不可数名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词国名地名人名，团体可数名词机构名称个体名词 II. 名词的数：1. 规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。
现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：规则 1 2 一般情况在词尾加-s 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es 例词 map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes knife-knives, proof-proofs, 3 leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, 变-f和-fe为v 再加-es loaf-loaves, wife-wives 以-f或-fe结尾的词 belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, 加-s roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs 4 5 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变yparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities 为i加-es 以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys 有名词以y结尾的，加-s 一般加-es hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes piano-pianos, photo-photos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos zero-zeros/zeroes, volcanos auto-autos, 6 以辅音字母加-o结尾的名不少外来词加-s 词两者皆可volcano-volcanoes/ 7 8 以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s 以-th结尾的名词加-sradio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths, 2. 不规则名词复数：英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：规则 1 例词改变名词中的元音字母或其他man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 形式 sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin, ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents 2 单复数相同 3 只有复数形式 4 一些集体名词总是用作复数 people, police, cattle, staff 5 部分集体名词既可以作单数audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, （整体）也可以作复数（成员） committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代),spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌),looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟) Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans 6 复数形式表示特别含义表示7 “某国单复数同形 Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese 人” 以-man或-woman结尾Englishmen, Frenchwomen 的改为-men,-women 将主体名词变为复数 8 加-s 合成名无主体名词时将最后grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches 词一部分变为复数将两部分变为复数 women singers, men servants sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends III. 名词的所有格：名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。
名词名词分类：名词分为普通名词和专有名词普通名词：表示同一类的人或物的名称，又可分为个体名词，如boy, house, insect, tiger等；物质名词，如air, snow, bread, rice等；抽象名词，如glory, honesty, failure, education等。
专有名词：表示个人、国家、地方、机构、组织等的专有名称，如Cheng Du, China, Obama, China Central Television等。
名词的两大考点：数与格二、名词的数1.普通名词：可数名词和不可数名词(1)可数名词：包括个体名词和集体名词△个体名词: 表示个体的人或事物名称的词。
如：teacher, student, boy, book, bag每个可数名词都有其单数和复数形式。
A. 单数表示“一个”的概念。
用名词的单数时，名词前需加a 或an。
如 a book（一本书）、an apple（一个苹果）、an orange（一个橘子）等。
B. 复数表示两个或两个以上的物体。
如two pencils（两枝铅笔）、three weeks（三周）等。
集合名词：表示一群人或一些事物名称的词。
如：people, family, class, furniture复数形式的构成有两种：规则名词复数形式的构成和不规则名词复数形式的构成。
规则名词复数形式的构成不规则名词复数形式的构成注意事项:只能用于复数形式的名词有: clothes, trousers, pants, shoes, socks单数名词用于复数含义: people, public, police特殊名词的讲解：⑴people 作“人们，人民”解时，只有复数形式，谓语动词作复数。
作“民族”解时，单复数不同，复数要在词尾加s。
There are five people in my family. 我家有五口人。
There are fifty-six peoples in our country.我们国家有56个民族。
初中英语语法名词⽤法讲解及专项练习初中英语语法名词⽤法讲解及专项练习【考点讲解】⼀、名词的分类⼆、可数名词与不可数名词(⼀) 可数名词名词分为可数和不可数名词。
物质名词与抽象名词⼀般属于不可数名词，它们只有单数形式；个体名词和集体名词⼀般是可数名词，通常有单数和复数两种形式。
1. 单数变复数的规则【注】①常见的以o 结尾要加es 的有如下⼏个：hero, tomato, potato ,可记为“英雄爱吃西红柿和⼟⾖”。
剩余以o 为结尾的加s ：如photo, zoo, piano等②以f 或fe 结尾变f 或fe 为v+es 的词有如下：⼩偷的妻⼦⽤⼑把狼劈成两半，⼀半放在书架上，⼀半放在树叶上2. 不规则复数形式(1) 元⾳或词尾发⽣变化：child- , man- , woman-_________, foot- , tooth- , mouse-policeman -___________, Frenchman-_________Englishman-(2) 单复数形式相同： (3) 形式为复数，意思为复数：people ，police(4) 形式为复数，意思为单数：news, maths, physics(5) 只能⽤复数形式：trousers, shoes, glasses ……【注】○1man，woman作定语修饰别的名词时，要把man，woman和其他部分都变成复数，如man teacher –，woman doctor –_____________；○2但是其他合成名词，只需把其中⼼词变成复数形式。
如：shoe factory- , banana tree-3. “某国⼈”的复数形式“中⽇不变英法变，其余s加后边”(⼆)不可数名词不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词，⼀般没有复数形式1. 物质名词有water, rice, tea, milk, chicken(鸡⾁), fish(鱼⾁), food, fruit, beef, orange(橙汁), sugar, salt, paper(纸), porridge, bread, sand, juice,chalk等；抽象名词有news, music, time(时间), information等；2. 在英语中，不可数名词如果要表⽰“量”的概念，可以⽤以下两种⽅法：(1) ⽤much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表⽰多少，例如：a lot of money / some milk / any water / much snow(2) ⽤“a piece / glass / cup / bottle / bag of+不可数名词”或“数词pieces / glasses / cups / bottles / bags of+不可数名词”这类定语，例如：a piece of paper ( wood / bread) →a bottle of orange →a glass of wate r →a cup of tea →a bag of rice →3. 不可数名词不能与数词或不定冠词a/an连⽤；4. 注意有些名词既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，此时中⽂意思有区别。
名词一、名词分类：名词分为普通名词和专有名词普通名词：表示同一类的人或物的名称，又可分为个体名词，如boy， house， insect, tiger等;物质名词,如air， snow, bread, rice等；抽象名词，如glory， honesty， failure, education等。
专有名词：表示个人、国家、地方、机构、组织等的专有名称，如Cheng Du, China， Obama, China Central Television等.名词的两大考点：数与格二、名词的数1.普通名词：可数名词和不可数名词（1）可数名词：包括个体名词和集体名词△个体名词:表示个体的人或事物名称的词。
如：teacher, student, boy, book, bag每个可数名词都有其单数和复数形式。
A。
单数表示“一个"的概念。
用名词的单数时，名词前需加 a 或 an.如 a book（一本书）、an apple（一个苹果）、an orange（一个橘子）等。
B。
复数表示两个或两个以上的物体。
如two pencils(两枝铅笔)、three weeks(三周)等.△集合名词：表示一群人或一些事物名称的词。
如：people, family， class, furniture复数形式的构成有两种:规则名词复数形式的构成和不规则名词复数形式的构成.规则名词复数形式的构成不规则名词复数形式的构成注意事项：只能用于复数形式的名词有： clothes, trousers, pants， shoes， socks 单数名词用于复数含义： people， public, police特殊名词的讲解：⑴people 作“人们,人民”解时，只有复数形式，谓语动词作复数。
作“民族”解时，单复数不同，复数要在词尾加s。
There are five people in my family. 我家有五口人。
There are fifty—six peoples in our country。
七年级英语名词所有格讲解与语法练习英语中的名词所有格在英语中，表示有生命的名词，可以加's表示所属关系，意义为“……的”名词的这种形式我们称之为名词的所有格。
一、名词词尾加's的所有格1. 一般情况在名词后加's。
例如：That girl's coat is in the room. 那个女孩的衣服在房间里。
2. 在以s结尾的名词(包括以s结尾的复数名词)后面，只加'。
如果复数名词不是以s结尾的，末尾也要加's。
例如：Today is September 10th, Teachers' Day. 今天是九月十日，教师节。
Children's Day is coming, I should buy something new for my son. 儿童节马上就要到了,我应该为我的儿子买一些新东西。
3. 表示词组内的并列名词各自的所有关系时，须在各个名词后加's；如果一个东西为两个人或者两个以上的人共同拥有，只在最后一个名词后面加's。
例如：They are John's and Kate's rooms. How beautiful they are! 这是约翰和凯特的房间。
它们(指房间)太漂亮了！He is Lily and Lucy's father. 他是莉莉和露西的爸爸。
4. 表示某人的家、店铺等的所有格，一般可以省略它后面所修饰的名词。
例如：二、由of短语构成的所有格1. 表示"无生命的名词"一般与of构成短语，表示所有关系。
例如：There is a river on t he other side of the road.在公路的另一边有一条河。
2. 有时我们用名词+ of +名词所有格构成双重所有格的形式。
例如：This is a photo of Mr Brown's. 这是一张布朗先生的照片。
名词讲解及练习题名词是语言中的一类词性，用于指代人、事物、地点、概念等。
在英语中，名词的分类较为复杂，包括普通名词、专有名词、可数名词、不可数名词等。
本文将对名词的不同类型进行解释，并提供练习题供读者加深理解。
一、普通名词（Common Nouns）普通名词是指泛指某个类别中的事物，一般不特指某个人或物。
例如：cat（猫）、book（书）、table（桌子）等。
普通名词一般是可数名词或不可数名词。
练习题 1：给下列词找出对应的普通名词。
1. apple2. teacher3. chocolate4. chair5. car答案：1. 苹果（apple）2. 教师（teacher）3. 巧克力（chocolate）4. 椅子（chair）5. 车（car）二、专有名词（Proper Nouns）专有名词是指特指某个人、地点、组织或品牌等的名词。
专有名词通常首字母大写。
例如：John（约翰）、London（伦敦）、Microsoft （微软）等。
练习题 2：给下列词找出对应的专有名词。
1. boy2. paris3. iphone4. doctor5. nike答案：1. 男孩（boy）2. 巴黎（Paris）3. 苹果手机（iPhone）4. 医生（doctor）5. 耐克（Nike）三、可数名词（Countable Nouns）可数名词是指可以用数目进行计算的名词，可以有单数和复数形式。
例如：book（书）可以是单数形式，books（书）则是复数形式。
练习题 3：把下列单数形式的名词转化为复数形式。
1. pen2. child3. cup4. book5. dog答案：1. pens2. children3. cups4. books5. dogs四、不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）不可数名词是指无法进行数目计算的名词，通常表示抽象概念、物质或集合。
不可数名词没有复数形式。
例如：water（水）、money （钱）、information（信息）等。
第二章 名 词一、名词概述1、名词的定义：名词是指表示人、事、物、地点或抽象概念的词。
2、名词的种类：(1)普通名词： 表示一类人、事物或抽象概念的名称。
普通名词又可进一步分为四类：①个体名词： 表示单个的人和事物。
如car(汽车)、room(房间)、 fan(风 扇)、photo(照片)。
②集体名词： 表示一群人或一些事物的名称。
如 people(人们)、family(家 庭)、army(军队)、government(政府)、group(集团)。
③物质名词： 表示物质或不具备确定形状或大小的个体的物质。
如fire （火）、steal （钢）、air （空气）、water （水）、milk （牛奶）。
④抽象名词： 表示动作、状态、品质或其他抽象概念。
如 labor( 劳动)、 health(健康)、life (生活)、friendship(友情)、patience(耐力)。
(2)专有名词: 表示特定的人、地方、称谓、机构、语言、国民、星期、月份、 节日名称等，专有名词的第一个字母必须大写。
三、综合练习1.单项选择题（）1. They got much _____ from those new books.A. ideasB. photosC. newsD. stories（）2. I have two _______ and three bottles of _________ here.A. orange, orangeB. oranges, orangesC. oranges, orangeD. orange, oranges（）3. Every evening Mr. King takes a _________ to his home .A. 25 minutes’ walkB. 25 minute’s walkC. 25 minute walkD. 25 minutes walk（）4. An old _______ wants to see you.A. peopleB. personC. the peopleD. the person（）5. Help yourself to __________.A. chickens and applesB. chickens and appleC. chicken and appleD. chicken and apples（）6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _________.A. roo m’s numberB. rooms’ numberC. room numbersD. rooms’ numbers（）7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second _________.A. familyB. houseC. homeD. room（）8. ________ mothers couldn’t go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai .A. Mary and Peter’sB. Mary and PeterC. Mary’s and PeterD. Mary’s and Peter’s（）9. Li Lei has been to __________ many times this month.A. her uncleB. her uncle’sC. her unclesD. aunt’s（）10. He is a success as a leader but he hasn’t ________ in teaching.A. many experiencesB. much experienceC. an experienceD. a lot experience（）11．______ are going to see a film．A. Green’sB. The Green’sC. The GreensD. The Green（）12. Mrs. Green is ______mother．A. Lucy’s and Lily’sB. Lucy and Lily’sC. Lucy and LilyD. Lily’s a nd Lucy（）13. Ben saw forty______in a cave．A. thiefesB. thievesC. thiefD. thiefs（）14. Dongdong is one of the Chinese in our school.A. boyB. boysC. boiesD. boyes（）15.This is the room.A. children’sB. childrens’C. childrenD. childrens（）16. ---Is that ?---Yes, it is.A. a pair of glassB. two pair of glassesC. a pair of glassesD. glasses（）17. Hong Wei is making a card. She wants a of scissors.A. packetB. bottleC. pairD. pairs（）18. These bottles of are fresh.A. milkB. milksC. jamsD. milkes（）19. A friend of will come this evening.A. Denny’sB. DennyC. Dennys’D. Dennys（）20. This is a big room. It’s the .A. twin’s roomB. twins roomC. twins’ roomD. twin rooms（）21. There are three and seven in the picture.A. deers; sheepsB. deers; sheepC. deer;sheepD. deer; sheeps （）22. Yesterday, Mrs. Smith gave us on how to deal with stress.A. an adviceB. many advicesC. some adviceD. a pair of advice（）23. ---Would you like something to drink, girls?---Yes, , please.A. some orangesB. two boxes of chocolateC. two boxes of cokeD. two coke（）24. What it is to go surfing in weather!A. a great fun; such fineB. a great fun; such a fineC. great fun; such fineD. great funs; such a fine（）25. The theme park is about ride from the museum. You should start out right now.A. two hourB. two hour’sC. two hours’D. two hours（）26. Look at the map. It’s .A. a map of AmericanB. a map of AmericaC. an American mapD. a map to America（）27. ---What are those?--- .A. They are knife.B. They are knives.C. They are Peter’s knife.D. They are knifes.（）28. We are in model group.A. shipsB. carsC. planeD. shipes（）29. ---Whose crayon is that?---It’s .A. MikeB. Mike’sC. for Mike’sD. Mikes（）30. We have on Saturday.A. not lessonB. no lessonsC. schoolD. lesson（）31. Last night, there was a food accident. The _______ were ill, but no _______ were lost.A. child, livesB. children, lifeC. children, livesD. child, life（）32. This is a photo of _________ when they were young.A. my father and motherB. my mother and fat her’sC. my mothers’ and fathers’D. my father’s and my mother（）33. The new student is in __________ , Grade Two.A. Class ThirdB. Third ClassC. Class ThreeD. Three class（）34. Today is September 10th. It's __________ Day. Let’s go and buy some flowers for our teachers.A. TeachersB. Teachers’C. the Teachers’D. Teacher’s（）35. The market isn’t far from here. It’s only _________ bicycle ride.A. half an hours’B. half an hour’sC. half an hourD. an hour and a half（）36. --- What would you like to drink, girls?--- _________, please.A. Two cup of coffeeB. Two cups of coffeC. Two cups of coffeeD. Two cups of coffees （）37. During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for _________.A. funB. wishesC. interestD. thanks（）38. Some _________ are flying kites near the river.A. childB. boyC. boysD. childs（）39. After the exam, we’ll have a ________ holiday.A. two weeksB. two-weeksC. two weeks'D. two week's（）40. They are those _________ bags. Please put them on the bus.A. visitorB. visitorsC. visitor’sD. visitors’（）41.--- How many workers are there in your factory?--- There are two ___________.A. hundredsB. hundredC. hundred ofD. hundreds of（）42. ---What do you think of the _______ the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven?--- It sounds really wonderful.A. subjectB. musicC. bookD. animal（）43. There is not enough _________ in the corner for the fridge.A. placeB. roomC. fieldD. ground（）44. _________ comes from sheep and some people like eating itA. WoolB. PorkC. MuttonD. Milk（）45. If you don’t take more ________, you’ll get fat.A. medicineB. lessonsC. photosD. exercise（）46. My school is about twenty ________ walk from here.A. minuteB. minutes’C. minutes’sD. minutes （）47. Mum, I have _______ to tell you!A. a good newsB. some good newsC. some news goodD. many good news（）48. Which is the ________ to the post office?A. streetB. wayC. roadD. address（）49. I stayed at ________ last Sunday.A. my unclesB. my uncles’C. my uncle’sD. my uncle（）50. Maths ________ not easy to learn.A. areB. isC. amD. were2．用所给名词的适当形式填空1．The ________(child) are talking to their teacher.2．September l0th is ________(teacher) Day.3．These are ________(girl) names.4．They are ________(woman) teachers.5．We have ________(banana).6．They are from ________(Chinese).7．This is ________(apple).8．That________(boy) is Tom.9．He has some________(water).10．---Are you________(student).---Yes, we are．11．March 8th is _______(woman) Day.12．These are _______(boy) names.13．Two _______(apple tree) are near my home.14．June l st is _______(child) Day.15．There are a lot of_______(boy) students in our class.16．Every _______(student) has a book.17．Those shoes are _______ (Tom).18．There are several_______ (knife) in the pencil box.19．Mrs. Brown has two____________(child).20．I want to take some____________(photo) here.参考答案1.单项选择题1. C2. C3. A4. B5. D6. C7. C8. D9. B 10. B 11. C 12. B 13. B 14. B 15. A 16. C 17. C 18. A 19. A 20. C 21. C 22. C 23. C 24. C 25. C 26. B 27. B 28. C 29. B 30. B 31. C 32. B 33. C 34. B 35. B 36. C 37. A 38. C 39. C 40. D 41. B 42. B 43. B 44. C 45. D 46. B 47. B 48. B 49. C 50. B2. 用所给名词的适当形式填空1. children2. Teachers’3. girls’4. women5. bananas6. China7. an apple8. boy9. water 10. students 11. Women’s 12. boys’ 13. apple trees 14. Children’s 15. boy 16. student 17. Tom’s 18. knives 19. children 20. photos精品文档文档说明(Word文档可以删除编辑)专注于精品文档：中考、高考、数学语文英语试卷、高中复习题目、小学试卷教案合同协议施工组织设计、期中、期末等测试，本文档目的是为了节省读者的工作时间，提高读者的工作效率，读者可以放心下载文档进行编辑使用.文档来源网络改编，审核有可能疏忽，如果有错误或侵权，请联系本店马上删除。
名词的用法机场工作人员问：Who are you flying with?（你坐哪家航空公司?）我答：Myself 。
对方大囧，一笑之后补充：Which airline?An airport staffer asked me "Who are you flying with?" and I said "Myself."He was surprised and the n laughed, add ing "Which airli ne?"原来Who在英语里也可以泛指航空公司等群体或组织。
"Who" in English can also refer to a group or an orga ni zati on such as airli nes.普通名词指一类人或事物的名称。
英语中普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词一般有单、复数两种形式。
不可数名词之前不可直接用泛指限定词和数词（一）可数名词及其复数形式（1）可数名词的复数形式一般由词尾加-s或-es构成，其规则见下表：般情况加-s 在清辅音后读/s/ maps, books在浊辅音及元音后读zcars, photos在/t/后读/ts/ cats, stude nts在/d/后读/dz/ beds, guards在/dZ/后读/iz/ bridges, ages 以字母s, x, ch,sh结尾的词加-es在/s/, /z/,/S/,/tS/ 后读/iz/classes, brushes以辅音字母+y结尾的词将y改成i,加-es /z/ factories, stories 以字母o结尾的词一般加-es /z/ potatoes, tomatoes少数外来词或缩略词加-s/z/ radios, pia nos一般加-s /s/ roofs, chiefs以字母f或fe结尾的词少数将f, fe, 改为-ves/z/ shelves, kni ves 有些加-s或改为-ves均可/s/ 或/z/ scarfs/scarves(2)可数名词复数形式的不规则构成法英语中有一部分名词由于历史或词源原因其复数形式的构成法是不规则的。
名词一、名词分类：名词分为普通名词和专有名词普通名词：表示同一类的人或物的名称，又可分为个体名词，如boy, house, insect, tiger 等；物质名词，如air, snow, bread, rice等；抽象名词，如glory, honesty, failure, education等。
专有名词：表示个人、国家、地方、机构、组织等的专有名称，如Cheng Du, China, Obama, China Central Television等。
名词的两大考点：数与格二、名词的数1.普通名词：可数名词和不可数名词(1)可数名词：包括个体名词和集体名词△个体名词:表示个体的人或事物名称的词。
如：teacher, student, boy, book, bag 每个可数名词都有其单数和复数形式。
A. 单数表示“一个”的概念。
用名词的单数时，名词前需加 a 或 an。
如 a book（一本书）、an apple（一个苹果）、an orange（一个橘子）等。
B. 复数表示两个或两个以上的物体。
如two pencils（两枝铅笔）、three weeks（三周）等。
△集合名词：表示一群人或一些事物名称的词。
如：people, family, class, furniture复数形式的构成有两种：规则名词复数形式的构成和不规则名词复数形式的构成。
规则名词复数形式的构成不规则名词复数形式的构成注意事项:只能用于复数形式的名词有: clothes, trousers, pants, shoes, socks单数名词用于复数含义: people, public, police特殊名词的讲解：⑴people 作“人们，人民”解时，只有复数形式，谓语动词作复数。
作“民族”解时，单复数不同，复数要在词尾加s。
There are five people in my family. 我家有五口人。
There are fifty-six peoples in our country.我们国家有56个民族。
⑵clothes等属于无单数形式的复数名词，谓语作复数。
例：My favorite clothes are pants.⑶pants , shoes , glasses ,shorts，scissors等名词，由两部分构成，常以复数形式出现，谓语动词要用复数。
要表示单数常用a pair of表示，此时如作主语，谓语要作单数看待。
例：Your pants are blue. This pair of pants is mine.⑷集体名词看作整体时，谓语用单数; 指成员时，谓语用复数。
His family is a large family. 指整体 His family like animals. 指成员⑸有的名词单复数意思不同：例：hair 和fruit 通常作单数，表示总体。
My hair is black. 我的头发是黑色的。
I like fruit .It’s good for you.我喜欢水果,水果对你的身体有好处。
但如果表示若干根头发或各种水果，则需用复数形式.Homer Simpson has three hairs.辛普森有三根头发。
She likes pears, peaches and other fruits. 他喜欢梨，桃和其它水果。
(2)不可数名词：包括物质名词和抽象名词△物质名词：表示无法分为个体的名词。
如：coffee, hair, juice, water, rice△抽象名词：表示状态，品质，动作，感情等抽象概念的名词。
如：health, happiness, help注意事项：1. 不可数名词没有复数变化,不能与a/an 或表示具体数量的词直接连用。
这些名词前往往加some, any, no, a little等词。
如; some water/ apple juice/ milk2. 当需要表达名词的单位的量时候就要用：数词+量词+Of+名词来表述。
用量词修饰时，首先要注意量词的单复数；然后要注意名词是否可数,不可数时用单数,可数时用复数,如： one bag of rice. one kilo of apples.ten bags of rice . ten kilos of apples.★对量词的提问句型对可数名词的数量提问用how many；对不可数名词的数量提问要用how much，但对不可数名词前表示数量名词中的修饰语提问时要用how many。
如：I would like two apples. → How many apples would you likeI want some bread. →How much bread do you wantI want three glasses of water.→How many glasses of water do you want询问价格用How much，如: How much is the coat How much are the coats二. 名词的所有格所有格的构成：1. 有生命的名词 2. 无生命的名词★有生命的名词（1）一般单数名词后加's.如：my brother's book，Jack's cat，the girl's pen（2）以-s结尾的复数名词的所有格，只需在名词右上方加‘。
如：the girls’ dormitory，a teachers' college注意：在不规则复数名词后，要加's.如：women's clothes.（3）如果一样东西为两个人共有，在后一个名词词尾加's，如： Tom and Peter's room 汤姆和彼得的房间（共有）（4）如果一样东西不是共有的，两个名词都要加's.如： Tom's and Peter's rooms 汤姆的房间和彼得的房间（不共有）★无生命名词: 无生命的名词的所有格，通常用“of+名词”的结构来表示。
如：the windows of the room （房间的窗户） a picture of the horse （一张马的照片）名词习题一．写出下列名词的复数形式：1. house _________2. it ___________3. zoo __________4. orange _________5. bag ___________6. exercise ___________7. brush __________ 8. family ___________ 9. bus ___________10. city __________ 11. box ___________ 12. baby __________13. class __________ 14. factory _________ 15. glass __________16. dictionary __________ 17. watch _________ 18. woman _________19. match __________ 20. man _________ 21. this__________22. German __________ 23. tomato _________ 24. policeman ___________25. kilo __________ 26. human _________ 27. potato ___________28. Chinese __________ 29. shelf __________ 30. Japanese __________31. leaf ___________ 32. American __________ 33. life ___________34. tooth __________ 35. wife ___________ 36. foot ___________37. knife __________ 38. sheep __________ 39. half ___________40. child __________ __________二．选择填空：1. I want to buy ________.A. two bottles of inkB. two bottle of inkC. two bottle of inksD. two bottles of inks2. They don’t have to do _______ to day.A. much homeworkB. many homeworksC. many homeworkD. muchhomeworks3. There are three ______ and seven ______ in the picture.A. cows, sheepsB. cows, sheepC. cow, sheepD. cow, sheeps4. June 1 is _______.A. children’s dayB. children’s DayC. Children’s DayD. Children’s day5. ______ room is next to their parents’.A. Kate’s and Joan’sB. Kate’s and JoanC. Kate and Joan’sD. Kate and Joan6. Miss Green is a friend of _______.A. Mary’s mother’sB. Mary’s motherC. Mary mother’sD. mother’s of Mary7. Sheep _______ white and milk _______ also white.A. is, areB. are, isC. is, isD. are, are8. I’d like to have a glass of milk and _______.A. two breadsB. two pieces of breadsC. two pieces of breadD. two piece of bread9. Many ______ are singing over there.A. womanB. womenC. girlD.child10. He bought _______.A. two pairs of shoesB. two pair of shoesC. two pairs of shoeD. two pair of shoe11. Mr. White has three _______.A. childB. childrenC. childsD. childrens12. ---Are these ______ --- No, they aren’t. They’re _______., cows B. sheep, cow C. sheeps, cow D.sheeps, cows13. There are many ______ in the fridge.A. fishB. fruitC. eggsD. bread14. --- Whose room is this --- It’s _______.A. Li MingB. Li Ming’sC. Li MingsD. Li Mings’15. Here are ______ for you, Sue.A. potatosB. some potatoesC. three tomatosD. some tomato16. Here are some birthday cards with our best ______ for her.A. wishB. hopeC. wishesD. hopes17. I always go to that ______ to buy food on Sunday.A. shopB. parkC. zooD. garden18. ______ room is on the 5th floor.A. Lucy and LilyB. Lucy and Lily’sC. Lucy’s and LilyD.Lucy’s and Lily’s19. Mum, I’m quite thirsty. Please give me ________.A. two orangeB. two bottle oforangesC. two bottles of orangeD. two bottles oforanges20. 10. The cat caught two ______ last night. A. mouses B. mice C. mouseD. mices21. I met some ______ in the park and talked with them the other day.A. JanpanesesB. AmericanC. ChinesesD. English22. There are two ______ in the room.A. shelfB. shelfsC. shelfesD. shelves23. There are seven ______ in a week.A. yearsB. monthsC. daysD. minutes24. My father is a ______. He works in a hospital.A. teacherB. doctorC. farmerD. writer25. --- Excuse me, are you ______ --- Yes, I’m from ________.A. Japan, JapaneseB. China, ChineseC. England, EnglishD.American, America26. They are ______ jackets. A. Lucy’ s B. Lucy’27. What color is ______ coat. A. Peter’s B. Peter’28. These are ______ books. A. teachers’s B. teachers’29. They are ______ ice creams A. children’ B. children’s30. This is ______ bag. A. Tom and Peter’ ’s and Peter’s31. Where are ______ . A. the school’s students B. students ofthe school32. Those are ______ bags. A. drivers’s B. drivers’bag is ______ . A. Mary’s and Tom’s B. Mary and Tom’s34. ______ fathers are coming. A. Mary’s and Kate’s B. Mary’s and KateC. Mary and Kate’s____ are these books A. many B. much36. This pair of pants ______ blue. I like _____ very much. A. is, it B. are,them C. is, them D. are, it______ glasses of water do you want A. many B. much38. This is ________.A. Mike and Jim's bikeB. Mike's and Jim bikeC. Mike's and Jim's bikeD. Mikeand Jim bike39.These are ______.A. Amy and Lingling’s roomB. Amy’s and Lingling’s roomC. Amy’s and Lingling’s roomsD. Amy and Lingling’s room40. My ____ ____ big and my _____ _____ happy. A. family is family are B.family is families are三．根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空1. I have a lot of ______ to do. (homework)2. There are seven ______ in a week. (day)3. How many _____ can you see (tomato)4. Miss Guo is wearing a pair of _______. (glass)5. There are five _________ in the picture. (child )6. There are two________ over there．（bench）7. I like taking ________．（photo）8. l can see two__________ standing there．（woman）9. There are two baskets of__________ on the floor．（apple）are three__________．（knife）11. How many________(sheep) are there on the hill12. There is some________(food) in the basket.13. The baby has only two________(tooth) now.14. There is a lot of________(water) in the bottle.15. There are five________(people ) in his family.16. Let's take________(photo), OK17. The________(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.18. The________(child) are playing games on the playground now.19. Their________(dictionary) are very new.20. I see you have a few white________(hair).21. They are________(woman) doctors.22. Can you give me some bottles of ____ (orange), please23. There are many________(fox) in the picture.24. I would like some apple________(juice). I am very thirsty.四．将下列句子变成复数形式1．This is a knife. ____________________________2．That is a tomato. ____________________________3．She has a wish. ____________________________4．That child is very lovely. ____________________________5. He is looking after the6. It’s a big heavy box. __________________________________7. This picture is8. She is a beautiful9. I’m a good child. ___________________________________10. That’s a delicious五．将下列句子改为单数句子1. These are red coats. ________________________________________2. Who’re the boys They’re my3. They’re women workers here. _____________________________________4. Are they playing basketball now Yes, they5. What are they They are buses. ________________________________6. Those are beautiful7. We have many old六．翻译下列词组一瓶牛奶一杯茶一双鞋子两条裤子三杯桔子汁六包盐五千克鸡蛋一些面包一点水。
