新标准大学英语3,4summarizing
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Unit1 reading2 if you ask meThis is an informal and personalized account of an economic graduate who gets a job in a pub for a year and then has an opportunity to be successful (a lucky break). Since her family can’t support her to further study, she has to work. She has financial problems and feels lonely. She tells her troubles to Tony, a regular customer of the pub, who talks to some friends and gets her a loan to set up a business. With this help she has her master’s degree and her own company. however, unluckliy,Tony is disabled after an accident and needs the repayment of the loan to adapt his house for his disability. She pay back Tony’s help, and Tony thinks that investing in people gives the best return you can ever hope for. Unit2 reading1Reading is a life-changing activity. It helps us enter a new world and liberate us from the real world we come from; it stimulates our emotions and allows us enjoy and celebrate the variety and difference from books; it aids us to get out of confusion in a material world and to discover the real meaning of the life. Simply put, books are supremely influential in the way we live.Homerun book might be the answer for the book that everyone should read. It describes the first reading experience thatinduces such pleasure and satisfaction that you cannot put it down and it may range from the classics to the most recent. Everyone is looking for their own homerun books. And what is yours?Unit2 reading2Henry Miller depicts the struggle he made to obtain books when he was young, and then introduces the reason that makes a book live---that is, the enthusiastic recommendation of one reader to another. In his eyes, books are one of the few things men cherished deeply, but if you lend it to others, it makes friends for you. He continues to suggest that the vast majority of books repeat what others say, so read as little as possible. He then advices such a way to test his suggestion---that is, leave a book alone, but think as intensely as possible and if you decide to read, observe with what extraordinary acumen you read it and realize that very little of the books is really new to you.Unit3 reading1Between 1960 and 2010, there are two constant factors:the ubiquitous jeans and the rise and fall of hemlines for women’s skirts and dresses.Jeans were invented by Levi Strauss in the mid-19th century in America. But it soon became popular among young people. In late 1950s, it export to Europe and Asia. The most importantdevelopment in fashion in the1960s was the miniskirt invented by Mary, Quant.Hemlines were related to the economy. Whenever the economic outlook is unsettled, both men and women tend to wear more conservative clothes. And as the economy situation changed, time saw a number of different styles. Sometimes the hemline can even predicted a change in the mood of the stock market long before it actually happens. And it was proved in the economic crisis in 2008. During the whole period, fashion styles have ranged widely. But the constant factors over this period are denim and hemlines.Unit3 reading2Sea glass is popular among the jewellery collectors for several reasons. First, the creation of sea glass is a form of recycling , where nature compensates for man’s folly. Second, with human recycling rather than hurling it into the sea, sea glass becomes rarer than diamonds, its supply is in decline while its demand is on the rise. This leads to its boom in the market.Third, its eco-credentials lend sea glass further appeal, as gold extraction damages the environment and diamond industry has a poor human rights record. So the designers would like to put sea glass to use.Gina Cowen became a sea glass jeweller after her stints injournalism and music management in her 20s and 30s. While sea glass is disappearing, she is still on the hunt.Gina Cowen’s collection started in her walk along a shingle beach near Capetown, South Africa, where she was born. She has several hunting grounds, South Africa, Fiji, Majorca in Spain, and the UK. But her favourite one is Seaham Beach in the UK.Her designs were sold at Liberty, London, but mostly she sells her jewellery to private customers.With the decline of sea glass in supply, there has arisen problem of reviving old habits of dumping glass into the sea. Gina Cowen refuses to condone it and she even rejects the idea of polishing new glass to make it look old, as there is a story behind sea glass.So follow Cowen’s example and search for glowing pebbles before they vanish.Unit4 reading1Today, we are caught in the credit crunch because banks set traps which appeal to our vanity and greed and sometimes to our basic need for survival.The banks give a false sense of superiority to people with exclusive gold credit cards in hard. They target people who are prone to impulse-buying, and potentially bad credit risks, tempted to spend more than they have, and liable to fall behind withrepayments. They lure impoverished students with unrealistic interest rates.They charge people who go over the limit the exorbitant interest but omit to tell them the interest paid is not for the debt, but for the overspend of the overdraft. By attracting us with their endless publicity for loans of money, the banks earn money.So how to get ourselves out of the traps? Lay out all of your credit cards in a line, take a large pair of scissors and cut them into small pieces. Then the banks have no potential to tempt money away from you.Unit4 reading2What’s the key to Wedded bliss? Money matters. Marriage at its core is a financial union. To preserve their marital assets and their union, couples had better share similar outlooks on money matters or, at the very least, find some middle ground. Otherwise, money will be a huge factor in breaking up marriages.However, not everyone is lucky to get married to a financial twin. To become more compatible with their significant other and ultimately more prosperous, couples need follow these guidelines: talking and sharing goals; running a home like a business, that is, making a budget and keeping track of earnings, expenses and debts, making big financial decisions and setting goals together; beingsupportive of careers; enjoying, but within reason; using a mediator while having strong yet divergent opinions. Maintaining some financial independence; spending time and money together as a kind of investment in marriage.Unit5 reading1Researchers have found that men gossip as much as women and men spend much more time talking about themselves. However, men don’t admit they gossip, instead they define it as ‘’exchanging information’’.The reason why female gossip actually sounds like gossip is that there seem to be three principal factors involved. Firstly, the tone rule. Women adopt a tone which is high and quick, or sometimes a stage whisper, bue always highly animated, while men gossip in the same flat, unemotional manner as any other piece of information. Secondly, the detailed rule. For women, a detailed speculation about possible motives, causes and outcomes is crucial. However, men find all this detail boring, irrelevant and unmanly. Thirdly, the freedback rule. Female listeners are required to be at least as animated and enthusiastic as speakers. However, men who respond in such a manner would be considered inappropriately girly, or even disturbingly effeminate. For them, a suitable expletive is better to convey their surprise.Unit5 reading2Women constanly have to make choices about dress and appearance, and even the way they sign their names, which lead people to make judgments about them. A woman without a particular hair style is considered careless about how she looks and can be disqualified for many positions. Tight or revealing clothes send a message that the wearer wants to be attractive and that she is still available. Light make-up calls attention to the wearer as someone who tries to be attractive without being alluring. A woman who takes her husband’s surname announces to the world that she is married and also that she is traditional and may be less herself. However men do not have to make the same choices.Unit6 reading1Churchill believed that he was destined to lead his country. He fought as a soldier in World War 1 and led the country to victory in World War 2 . it seemed to ironic that a leader of such renowed as Churchill could not count on the loyalty of voters in 1945. However, in a democratic country, electors cannot be bullied, and he had to tolerate political defeat after military victory, and went once more to his country retreat, Chartwell.。
Unit1 Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream LifeThe passage mainly talked about the dream life of the author with his family on a farm, where the author could write and live. The author viewed his life in the country as a self-reliant and satisfying one, but sometimes the good life would get very hard. On the first winter, the author was fond of every minute instead with his family, which they would never forget, while the follow spring brought two floods, which made them amazed. After quitting his job, the author’s income was reduced, but he and his family were able to manage to get by. Besides, he ran a farm and benefited more from it. A tolerance for solitude and a lot of energy had made it possible for the family to enjoy their life in the country. What’s more, they also had found the lifestyle that they preferred in this place.Unit 2 The Freedom GiversThe passage mainly talked about three persons, Josiah Henson, John Parker and Levi Coffin, who were the givers of freedom for black slaves in the American history. Besides, the author praised the exploits of civil-rights heroes who helped slaves travel the Underground Railroad to freedom by citing more examples. What’s more, it was high time to honor the heroes who helped liberate slaves by forging the Underground Railroad in the early civil-rights struggles in America. After winning his own freedom from slavery, John Parker helped other slaves to escape north to Canada and freedom. Supported by a strong religious conviction, the white man Levi Coffin risked himself to help many black slaves to escape. At last, by traveling the Underground Railroad, Josiah Henson reached his destination and became free.Unit 3 The Land of the LockThe passage mainly talked about the land of lock, which happened in American. When the author was young, it was the local custom for people to leave the front door at night but didn’t close it, and none of them carried keys. However, nowadays those days were over, and the era of leaving the front door on the latch has drawn to a close. What a great change was that no locking had been replaced by dead-bolt locks, security chains, electronic alarm systems and so on. Therefore, the lock became the new symbol of America. What’s more, a new atmosphere of fear and distrust had crept into every aspect of daily life. As a result, security devices, in varied forms, were put to use. In locking their fears out, they became prisoners of their own making.Unit 4 Was Einstein a Space AlienThe passage mainly talked about Albert Einstein, who was a young husband and father with a bushy hair. In order to support his young family, with a poor sleep, he had to work hard at the Patent Office so that he was very tired. For which, he felt all the pressure and responsibility. However, aiming to relax himself, he made astonishing achievements in physics and thus revolutionized the field with five papers about spare time, which were of great impact on all over the world. Because of his supper intelligence and the contribution to the society, the United Nations declared 2005 as his miracle year. What’s more, his discoveries were attributable to his imagination, questioning, disregard constantly for authority, powers of concentration, and interest in science. In fact, he was not a space alien, but just a common person.Unit 5 Three Thank-You LettersThe passage mainly talked about the author’s three special letters, by which he wanted to celebrate the true meaning of Thanksgiving. On Thanksgiving Day 1943, as a young coastguardsman at sea, he worked as a cook. While he was going to think about Thanksgiving, he came up with the idea of expressing his gratitude to people who had helped him before. Therefore, he wrote three thank-you letters to three persons, his father, the Rev. Nelson and his grandmother. At a mail call, he got three letters in reply, which drove him to think deeply. After he retired from the Coast Guard, he still never forgot these letters which gave him an insight into expressing appreciation for one’s efforts. Furthermore, he wished everyone to find the good and then praise it.Unit 6 The Last LeafThe passage mainly talked about the last leaf, which Johnsy gave a sight to after she got the pneumonia and lived in the hospital. She looked out the window and counted the leaves on an old ivy vine. Furthermore, she made up her mind to end her life when the last leaf fell. When she saw the last leaf still cling to the vine after two nights’ rain and wind, she decided not to give up her life. In fact, the last leaf, called a masterpiece by Behrman who risked his life painting it there the night that the last leaf fell, was actually painted onto the wall. However, because it looked so real that she could have never imagined that it was faked. In a deeper sense, it saved her life.unit 1 Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream LifeIn America many people have a romantic idea of life in the countryside. Many living in towns dream of starting up their own farm, of living off the land. Few get round to putting their dreams into practice. This is perhaps just as well, as the life of a farmer is far from easy, as Jim Doherty discovered when he set out to combine being a writer with running a farm. Nevertheless, as he explains, he has no regrets and remains enthusiastic about his decision to change his way of life.在美国,不少人对乡村生活怀有浪漫的情感。
Unit1 Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream LifeThe passage mainly talked about the dream life of the author with his family on a farm, where the author could write and live. The author viewed his life in the country as a self-reliant and satisfying one, but sometimes the good life would get very hard. On the first winter, the author was fond of every minute instead with his family, which they would never forget, while the follow spring brought two floods, which made them amazed. After quitting his job, the author’s income was reduced, but he and his family were able to manage to get by. Besides, he ran a farm and benefited more from it. A tolerance for solitude and a lot of energy had made it possible for the family to enjoy their life in the country. What’s more, they also had found the lifestyle that they preferred in this place.Unit 2 The Freedom GiversThe passage mainly talked about three persons, Josiah Henson, John Parker and Levi Coffin, who were the givers of freedom for black slaves in the American history. Besides, the author praised the exploits of civil-rights heroes who helped slaves travel the Underground Railroad to freedom by citing more examples. What’s more, it was high time to honor the heroes who helped liberate slaves by forging the Underground Railroad in the early civil-rights struggles in America. After winning his own freedom from slavery, John Parker helped other slaves to escape north to Canada and freedom. Supported by a strong religious conviction, the white man Levi Coffin risked himself to help many black slaves to escape. At last, by traveling the Underground Railroad, Josiah Henson reached his destination and became free.Unit 3 The Land of the LockThe passage mainly talked about the land of lock, which happened in American. When the author was young, it was the local custom for people to leave the front door at night but didn’t close it, and none of them carried keys. However, nowadays those days were over, and the era of leaving the front door on the latch has drawn to a close. What a great change was that no locking had been replaced by dead-bolt locks, security chains, electronic alarm systems and so on. Therefore, the lock became the new symbol of America. What’s more, a new atmosphere of fear and distrust had crept into every aspect of daily life. As a result, security devices, in varied forms, were put to use. In locking their fears out, they became prisoners of their own making.Unit 4 Was Einstein a Space AlienThe passage mainly talked about Albert Einstein, who was a young husband and father with a bushy hair. In order to support his young family, with a poor sleep, he had to work hard at the Patent Office so that he was very tired. For which, he felt all the pressure and responsibility. However, aiming to relax himself, he made astonishing achievements in physics and thus revolutionized the field with five papers about spare time, which were of great impact on all over the world. Because of his supper intelligence and the contribution to the society, the United Nations declared 2005 as his miracle year. What’s more, his discoveries were attributable to his imagination, questioning, disregard constantly for authority, powers of concentration, and interest in science. In fact, he was not a space alien, but just a common person.Unit 5 Three Thank-You LettersThe passage mainly talked about the author’s three special letters, by which he wanted to celebrate the true meaning of Thanksgiving. On Thanksgiving Day 1943, as a young coastguardsman at sea, he worked as a cook. While he was going to think about Thanksgiving, he came up with the idea of expressing his gratitude to people who had helped him before. Therefore, he wrote three thank-you letters to three persons, his father, the Rev. Nelson and his grandmother. At a mail call, he got three letters in reply, which drove him to think deeply. After he retired from the Coast Guard, he still never forgot these letters which gave him an insight into expressing appreciation for one’s efforts. Furthermore, he wished everyone to find the good and then praise it.Unit 6 The Last LeafThe passage mainly talked about the last leaf, which Johnsy gave a sight to after she got the pneumonia and lived in the hospital. She looked out the window and counted the leaves on an old ivy vine. Furthermore, she made up her mind to end her life when the last leaf fell. When she saw the last leaf still cling to the vine after two nights’ rain and wind, she decided not to give up her life. In fact, the last leaf, called a masterpiece by Behrman who risked his life painting it there the night that the last leaf fell, was actually painted onto the wall. However, because it looked so real that she could have never imagined that it was faked. In a deeper sense, it saved her life.unit 1 Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream LifeIn America many people have a romantic idea of life in the countryside. Many living in towns dream of starting up their own farm, of living off the land. Few get round to putting their dreams into practice. This is perhaps just as well, as the life of a farmer is far from easy, as Jim Doherty discovered when he set out to combine being a writer with running a farm. Nevertheless, as he explains, he has no regrets and remains enthusiastic about his decision to change his way of life.在美国,不少人对乡村生活怀有浪漫的情感。
(2020年7月整理)新标准大学英语综合教程4口语考试Summary(精简版).docSummarizingUnit 1Passage1:(不考)Passage2: “If you ask me”There is an economic graduate who gets a job in a pub for a year .She has financial problems and feels lonely. She tells her troubles to T ony, a regular customer of the pub, who talks to some friends and gets her a loan to set up a business. With this help she has and her own company. The situation, however, is reversed (颠倒); Tony is disabled after an accident. She pays back Tony’s help, and Tony thinks that investing in people gives the best return you can ever hope for.Unit 2Passage1: “Danger! Books may change your life”Reading is a life-changing activity. It aids us to get out of confusion in a material world and to discover the real meaning of the life. Simply put, books are supremely influential in the way we live.Homerun book might be the answer for the book that everyone should read. It describes the first reading experience. Everyone is looking for their own homerun books. And what is yours?Passage2: “They were alive and they spoke to me”Henry Miller depicts the struggle he made to obtain books when he was young, and then introduces the reason that makes a book live. In hiseyes, books are one of the few things men cherished deeply,but if you lend it to others, it makes friends for you. He continues to suggest that the vast majority of books repeat what others say, so read as little as possible.Unit 3Passage1: Fifty years of fashion”Between 1960 and 2010, fashion styles have ranged widely, there are two constant factors: the ubiquitous jeans and the rise and fall of hemlines.Jeans soon became popular among young people after being invented .Hemlines were related to the economy. Whenever the economic outlook is unsettled, both men and women tend to wear more conservative clothes. And as the economy situation changed, time saw a number of different styles.Passage2: “Eco-jewellery: sea glass”Sea glass is popular among the jewellery collectors for several reasons. First, the creation of sea glass is a form of recycling. Second, with human recycling rather than hurling it into the sea, sea glass becomes rarer than diamonds. Third, its eco-credentials lend sea glass further appeal.However, with the decline of sea glass in supply, there has arisenproblem of reviving old habits of dumping glass into the sea. Gina Cowen, a sea glass jeweler, refuses to condone it and she even rejects the idea of polishing new glass to make it look old.Unit4Passage1: “The credit card trap”Today, we are caught in the credit crunch because banks set traps which appeal to our vanity and greed and sometimes to our basic need for survival.The banks target people who are prone to impulse-buying, and potentially bad credit risks. Then the banks charge them more interest and earn more money.So, take a large pair of scissors and cut credit cards into small pieces. Then the banks have no potential to tempt money away from you. Passage2: “The key to wedded bliss? Money matters”What’s the key to wedded bliss? Money matters. Marriage at its core is a financial union. sTo become more compatible, couples need follow these guidelines: talking and sharing goals; running a home like a business, being supportive of careers; enjoying, but within reason; Using a mediator while having strong yet divergent opinions. Maintaining some financial independence, spending time and money together as a kind of investment in marriage.Unit5Pass age1: “Sex differences in English gossip rules”Researchers have found that men gossip as much as women. However, men don’t admit they gossip.The reason why female gossip actually sounds like gossip is that there seem to be three principal factors involved. First, Women adopt a tone which is always highly animated while men gossip in the same flat. Second, women are interested in details. Third, women pay more attention to the feedback than men Passage2: “Marked: women in the workplace”Women constantly have to make choices about dress and appearance, and even the way they sign their names, which lead people to make judgments about them.A woman who takes her husband’s surname announces to the world that she is married and also that she is traditional and may be less herself.However, men do not have to make the same choices.Unit6Passage1: “Winston Churchill”Winston Churchill was born in 1874 into one of Britain’s grandest families. He was bullied when he was young. His dream was to be ageneral, so he got into the RMAS. Then he became a soldier and a hero in Boer war. He through his leadership and example to encourage Britons to win the war.In 1945, when Britain won the war, Churchill lost the general election. But we will always remember that he saved Britain.Passage2:(不考)。
大学英语3 第二版summaryU1 Active reading(1)In the fall of our final year, our mood changed. The relaxed atmosphe re had disappeared, and the peer group pressure to work hard was strong. Meanwhile, at the back of everyone's mind was what we would do next af ter graduation. As for me, I wanted to travel, and I wanted to be a writ er。
I braced myself for some resistance to the idea from my father, wh o wanted me to go to law school, and follow his path through life.However, he supported what I wanted but he made me think about it b y watching the crabs. The cage was full of crabs. One of them was trying to escape, but each time it reached the top the other crabs pulled it back. I n the end it gave up lengthy struggle to escape and started to prevent othe r crabs from escaping。
By watching crabs, my father told me not to be p ulled back by others, and to get to know oneself better.U1 Active reading(2)Life is short. We never quite know when we become 1) coffin dwelle rs or 2) trampled ash in the rose garden of some local cemetery. So there’s no point in putting our dreams 3) on the back burner until 4) the right t ime arrives。
U1 1 Catching crabsIn the fall of our final year the relaxed atmosphere disappeared, and the pressure to work was strong. Meanwhile, we must consider what we would do after graduation. As for me, I wanted to travel and be a writer but my father wanted me to go to law school. He supported me but he called me to catch the crabs. By watching crabs my father told me to know himself better.在我们最后一年的秋天,轻松的气氛消失了,工作的压力很大.。
同时,我们必须考虑毕业后要做什么.。
至于我,我想旅行,成为一名作家,但我的父亲想让我去法学院。
他支持我,但他叫我去抓螃蟹。
通过看螃蟹我父亲告诉我要更好地了解自己。
U1 2 We are all dyingLife is short and we don't know whether we will be in coffin dwellers or become ash. So we shouldn't putt our dreams on the back burner. We should make the best of our short life and enrich our life. Therefore, when the reaper arrives, we’ve achieved so much that we wouldn't regret.生命是短暂的,我们不知道我们是否会在棺材或成为灰烬。
新标准⼤学英语三summary⼤英3 summaryUNIT 11.1 catching crabsIn the fall of our final year,our mood changed.Peer group pressure to work hard was strong. Meanwhile, the most important thing for us was what we would do next after graduation. My father wanted me to go to law school,but I wanted to travel,as well as to be a writer.So I have to brace myself for some resistance to his idea,.However,he supported but he made me think about it by watching the crabs.The cage was full of crabs. One of them was trying to escape,but each time it reached the top the other crabs pulled it back.In the end it gave up escaping and started to prevent other crabs from escaping.By watching crabs,my father told me not to be pulled back by others,and to get to know myself better.1.2We are all dyingLife is short.We never quite know when we become coffin dwellers or trampled ash in the rose garden of some local ceremony.So there’s no point in putting our dreams on the back burner until the right time arrives.Now is the time to do what we want to do. Make the best of our short stay . And if you don’t like your job, just turn to another one. Besides, there is no time like present . We should make best use of our time, so that when the reaper arrives,we’ve achieved much instead of regrets.UNIT 22.1supermanWhen the war began, the author was in the fifth grade in the Annie F. It was also the winter that she was a winner of the prize for drawing the best Civil Defense signs,lived by an airport. She thought her Uncle Frank bore resemblance to Superman.In her imagination,the airport was her Mecca and Jerusalem because of her flying dreams.Superman fulfilled her dream at the moment. David Stirling,a bookish boy,also worship Superman.During the recess at school,he and the author played Superman /doc/d9*******.htmlpared with their school-mates who played the routine games,they felt they were outlaws but had a sense of windy superiority.They also found a stand-in,Sheldon Fein, who later invented tortures.UNIT 33.1how we listenWe all listen to music according to our separate capacities. For the sake of clarify,we split up the process of listening to music into three hypothetical planes.Firstly,the sensuous plane.It is a kind of brainless but attractive state of mind engendered by the sound appeal of the music.The second plane is the expressive one.It is when we believe each piece of music has a theme,which mirrors a different world of feeling. Thirdly,the musical plane. It is very important for all of us to become more alive to music on its sheerly muscial plane. It is the ability to experience different musical elements,such as melodies,the rhythms,the harmonies,the tone colors etc.We usually listen to music on all three planes.3.2the mystery of Girl with a Pearl EarringThe painting Girl with a Pearl Earring is one of Du tch painter Johannes Vermeer’s masterworks.It shows a striking young woman wearing an exotic costume and a turban,peering over her shoulder straight out at the viewer. There were lots of mystery about this painting. As the nameimplies,it uses a pearl earring for a focal point.It has been referred to as the Mona Lisa of the north,because,like Leonardo da Vinci’s painting,it appears to be a simple likeness of a woman with an enigmatic smile,yet which contains levels of meanings and questions. And the painting has been the theme of a novel and a film.UNIT 44.1work in corporate AmericaIn today’s American jobs are not what they used to be.It is hard to visualize what work is in corporate America. When a father was asked about his job, he could answer in terms that a child could come to grips with.Nowadays,when the parent take his offspring to his place of business in glass buildings that are really hard to understand. What’s more, it’s safe bet that evengrown men have trouble visualizing what other men does in their jobs with his day. Therefore,it’s not difficult to imagine a poor child may answer”mulling over” after it beats me the mysteries of work,when his friends asks him of his father’s job.4.2our supposedly exciting times are really rather dullLiving in a world of unprecedented change,there are never been anything quite like it. However,we are just ignorant about deeper historical patterns, take globalization for example,from historical context point of view,the world is almost meaningless.We simply do not live in a age of great technological innovation for all our enthusiasm about internet and iPod.With staggering 90 percent of all web traffic is local,we are always be told the Internet has “opened up”the world.As the Chinese curse runs “May you live in interesting times”,it can bring chaos and anxiety in the in the wake. Even an Englishman born in 1865 would have seen changes the magnitude of which we can hardly imagine.UNIT 55.1dinner at Joanne’sJosh was meeting Jo Rogers, the senior. And he came to Joanne’s, a famous restaurant which there are always lots of famous people. When he arrives in the crowded and expensive restaurant, the head waiter makes him sit in the least comfortable place,even though a table has been booked for him and a “Ms Rogers”.When Ms Rogers arrives,the waiter realizes that she is a well-known Senator; and Ms Roger realizes that her friend has been treated badly because of the color of his skin.The waiter realizes his mistake too,and tries to make up for it,but it’s too l ate.5.2we theyThe writer uses stories about doing business to illustrate the differences between an individualist and a collectivist. They have different concepts of the role of personal relationships in business. The Swedes believe the business is done with a company while the Saudis think it should be done with a person they know and trust. Collectivist the individualist are different.In the most collectivist societies,the families are usually extended families while in the individualist societies,nuclear families are prevalent. People consider themselves as part of a group in the collectivist societies.In contrast, the individualist think of themselves as their personal identity. A practical and psychological dependence relationship develops between the person and the in-group in the collectivist societies. However, rarely do people depend on a group in the individualist societies.UNIT 66.1 Last man downThe text from Last Ma Down offers an eyewitness account of defining historical event of 9/11 attack from the perspective of Richard Picciotto, a firefighter. When the event happened, there wasn’t much time for him to think. The building was shocking and many people was in danger. He fumbled for some fix for the situation. He tried to calm down and to save other people. His story is that of a man, a hero,and a tragic event that inspired the nation. His recount isn’t one of death and destruction, buta celebration of life and it’s unpredictable nature. And the book he wrote became an immediate best-seller.6.2 Eleanor RooseveltThe passage offers a hero who contrasts with brave firefighters. This time she is a woman of power and previlege who still wanted to devote herself to the success she believed in.Living in a male-dominated world, Eleanor Roosevel t showed growing concern for women’s issues, along with those for labor issues,youth and civil rights issues.Eleanor created new First Lady profile. She held a press conference for the female only. She was a great supporter for FDR, her wheel-bound husband, whose career as the US president offered her opportunity to come into her own.After FDR’s departure, she still held public posts to use her power to her beliefs.Anna Eleanor Roosevelt never ran on a par with men, she set the place.7.1Even the most rational person can be convinced at times that there is a force out there making mishaps occur at the worst possible time. We all like to believe that Murphy’s Law is true. There is a very close connection between people’s perception of bad luck and interesting coincidences.A particular event may only be a misfortune because of the circumstances. When people are in bad luck, they are always glad to look for the examples prove the theory and ignore those which don’t. Besides, people always have selective memory where an unfair comparison is made between good and bad.。
Unit1 reading2 if you ask meThis is an informal and personalized account of an economic graduate who gets a job in a pub for a year and then has an opportunity to be successful (a lucky break). Since her family can’t support her to further study, she has to work. She has financial problems and feels lonely. She tells her troubles to Tony, a regular customer of the pub, who talks to some friends and gets her a loan to set up a business. With this help she has her master’s degree and her own company. however, unluckliy,Tony is disabled after an accident and needs the repayment of the loan to adapt his house for his disability. She pay back Tony’s help, and Tony thinks that investing in people gives the best return you can ever hope for. Unit2 reading1Reading is a life-changing activity. It helps us enter a new world and liberate us from the real world we come from; it stimulates our emotions and allows us enjoy and celebrate the variety and difference from books; it aids us to get out of confusion in a material world and to discover the real meaning of the life. Simply put, books are supremely influential in the way we live.Homerun book might be the answer for the book that everyone should read. It describes the first reading experience thatinduces such pleasure and satisfaction that you cannot put it down and it may range from the classics to the most recent. Everyone is looking for their own homerun books. And what is yours?Unit2 reading2Henry Miller depicts the struggle he made to obtain books when he was young, and then introduces the reason that makes a book live---that is, the enthusiastic recommendation of one reader to another. In his eyes, books are one of the few things men cherished deeply, but if you lend it to others, it makes friends for you. He continues to suggest that the vast majority of books repeat what others say, so read as little as possible. He then advices such a way to test his suggestion---that is, leave a book alone, but think as intensely as possible and if you decide to read, observe with what extraordinary acumen you read it and realize that very little of the books is really new to you.Unit3 reading1Between 1960 and 2010, there are two constant factors:the ubiquitous jeans and the rise and fall of hemlines for women’s skirts and dresses.Jeans were invented by Levi Strauss in the mid-19th century in America. But it soon became popular among young people. In late 1950s, it export to Europe and Asia. The most importantdevelopment in fashion in the1960s was the miniskirt invented by Mary, Quant.Hemlines were related to the economy. Whenever the economic outlook is unsettled, both men and women tend to wear more conservative clothes. And as the economy situation changed, time saw a number of different styles. Sometimes the hemline can even predicted a change in the mood of the stock market long before it actually happens. And it was proved in the economic crisis in 2008. During the whole period, fashion styles have ranged widely. But the constant factors over this period are denim and hemlines.Unit3 reading2Sea glass is popular among the jewellery collectors for several reasons. First, the creation of sea glass is a form of recycling , where nature compensates for man’s folly. Second, with human recycling rather than hurling it into the sea, sea glass becomes rarer than diamonds, its supply is in decline while its demand is on the rise. This leads to its boom in the market.Third, its eco-credentials lend sea glass further appeal, as gold extraction damages the environment and diamond industry has a poor human rights record. So the designers would like to put sea glass to use.Gina Cowen became a sea glass jeweller after her stints injournalism and music management in her 20s and 30s. While sea glass is disappearing, she is still on the hunt.Gina Cowen’s collection started in her walk along a shingle beach near Capetown, South Africa, where she was born. She has several hunting grounds, South Africa, Fiji, Majorca in Spain, and the UK. But her favourite one is Seaham Beach in the UK.Her designs were sold at Liberty, London, but mostly she sells her jewellery to private customers.With the decline of sea glass in supply, there has arisen problem of reviving old habits of dumping glass into the sea. Gina Cowen refuses to condone it and she even rejects the idea of polishing new glass to make it look old, as there is a story behind sea glass.So follow Cowen’s example and search for glowing pebbles before they vanish.Unit4 reading1Today, we are caught in the credit crunch because banks set traps which appeal to our vanity and greed and sometimes to our basic need for survival.The banks give a false sense of superiority to people with exclusive gold credit cards in hard. They target people who are prone to impulse-buying, and potentially bad credit risks, tempted to spend more than they have, and liable to fall behind withrepayments. They lure impoverished students with unrealistic interest rates.They charge people who go over the limit the exorbitant interest but omit to tell them the interest paid is not for the debt, but for the overspend of the overdraft. By attracting us with their endless publicity for loans of money, the banks earn money.So how to get ourselves out of the traps? Lay out all of your credit cards in a line, take a large pair of scissors and cut them into small pieces. Then the banks have no potential to tempt money away from you.Unit4 reading2What’s the key to Wedded bliss? Money matters. Marriage at its core is a financial union. To preserve their marital assets and their union, couples had better share similar outlooks on money matters or, at the very least, find some middle ground. Otherwise, money will be a huge factor in breaking up marriages.However, not everyone is lucky to get married to a financial twin. To become more compatible with their significant other and ultimately more prosperous, couples need follow these guidelines: talking and sharing goals; running a home like a business, that is, making a budget and keeping track of earnings, expenses and debts, making big financial decisions and setting goals together; beingsupportive of careers; enjoying, but within reason; using a mediator while having strong yet divergent opinions. Maintaining some financial independence; spending time and money together as a kind of investment in marriage.Unit5 reading1Researchers have found that men gossip as much as women and men spend much more time talking about themselves. However, men don’t admit they gossip, instead they define it as ‘’exchanging information’’.The reason why female gossip actually sounds like gossip is that there seem to be three principal factors involved. Firstly, the tone rule. Women adopt a tone which is high and quick, or sometimes a stage whisper, bue always highly animated, while men gossip in the same flat, unemotional manner as any other piece of information. Secondly, the detailed rule. For women, a detailed speculation about possible motives, causes and outcomes is crucial. However, men find all this detail boring, irrelevant and unmanly. Thirdly, the freedback rule. Female listeners are required to be at least as animated and enthusiastic as speakers. However, men who respond in such a manner would be considered inappropriately girly, or even disturbingly effeminate. For them, a suitable expletive is better to convey their surprise.Unit5 reading2Women constanly have to make choices about dress and appearance, and even the way they sign their names, which lead people to make judgments about them. A woman without a particular hair style is considered careless about how she looks and can be disqualified for many positions. Tight or revealing clothes send a message that the wearer wants to be attractive and that she is still available. Light make-up calls attention to the wearer as someone who tries to be attractive without being alluring. A woman who takes her husband’s surname announces to the world that she is married and also that she is traditional and may be less herself. However men do not have to make the same choices.Unit6 reading1Churchill believed that he was destined to lead his country. He fought as a soldier in World War 1 and led the country to victory in World War 2 . it seemed to ironic that a leader of such renowed as Churchill could not count on the loyalty of voters in 1945. However, in a democratic country, electors cannot be bullied, and he had to tolerate political defeat after military victory, and went once more to his country retreat, Chartwell.。
More than 650,000 students left university this summer and many have no idea about the way to get a job. Students Know they need to find a job,but dont konw how to find. The problem also plagued their parents,parents dont know how to help them.Some students didn't go to find a job because of enormous competitive pressure, low salary or a series of personal reasons. After a failure of applying a job,they start waching TV shows on the sofa rather than finding a job again.When their parents find this problem , they start to worry about their children's future.A psychologist give some advices to every parent about the problem. Firstly,the transition from university to a job is tough for parents and children,parents need to find the balance point between understanding children and not making their life too comfortable. Secondly,the main job for the parents is to be there because if they start advising them what to do, that is when the conflict starts. Thirdly, it's a good idea to get some jobs like bar work,shelf-stacking.All in all,this passage mainly tell us when we on the way to find a job,we need get off the sofa first.1.2This passage tell us a story about a girl overcame many difficulties and became successful in her field at last.First,the girl’s family can’t support her for university study.As a result,she packed up her belongings and went to London to get a job in order not to burden her family.Unfortunately, she was faced with many problems and she felt lonely.She told her problems to Tony.Tony give her a loan to start a business.With Tony’s help.she got her master degree and set up her own company.Many years later,Tony was disabled after an accident.She pays back Tony’s help and Tony thought investing in people gives the best return you can ever hope.2.1This passage mainly tell us the importance of reading. When we read a book we will enter a new world so that it may change our life.As soon as we are able to listen,books are supremely influential in the way we live.As we all know, reading books allows us to enjoy and celebrate this variety and difference in safety,and provides us with an opportunity to grow. And every book will have its own language and dialect,its own vocabulary and grammary. We may not always understand every word or sentence,but whether we're enchanted or whether we feel excluded,our emotions are nevertheless stimulated.So books can help us to discover the real meaning of our life, and they may change our life. Such is the power of reading.2.2This article is about the author’s views of reading books. The author is a writer and he likes reading books very much. He think that a book lives though the passionate recommendation of one reader to another. Nothing can throttle this basic impulse in the human being. And he also raises that we should read books as often as possible bacause a book lying idle on a shelf is wasted ammunition. He told us that when you are eager to read a book, leave it alone for a few days and ask yourself earnestly if it be absolutely necessary to read it. In the end, the author described a writer who readed a lot and meanwhile writtrn a lot.3.1The article is about the fashion tendency in the last 50 years. The author mainly introduced the development of jeans and the relationship of economy and hemiline. It was Levi Strauss who invited the jeans. At first, only miners wore jeans. In the mid-1960s and early 1970s, the hippie movement influenced the design of jeans. And jeans remained fashionable during the period of punk. Besides, the ahthor found that as the stock market rises, so do hemlines, and when it falls, so do they.3.2Sea glass is popular for several reasons. First, the creation of sea glass is a form of recycling. Second, sea glass becomes rarer than diamonds now. Third, its eco-credentials lend sea glass further appeal. So the designers would like to put sea glass to use.Gina Cowen became a sea glass jeweler. Her designs were sold at Liberty or to private customers.Though seaglass become rarer, Gina Cowen refuses to condone it and she even rejects to polish new glass to make it look old. So we'd better follow Cowen’s example and search for glowing pebbles before they vanish.4.1Today, we are caught in the credit crunch because banks set traps .The banks give a false sense of superiority to people with exclusive gold credit cards in hand. They target people who tempted to spend more than they have, students with unrealistic interest rates and people who go over the l imits the exorbitant interest but omit the interest. By this deceive means, the banks earn money. So in order not to be cheated, we should be cautious about credit cards provived by banks4.2Money matters is the key to wedded bliss.To preserve their marital assets and their union,couples had better share similar outlooks on money matters,or ,find some middle ground.To become more compatible with their significant other and ultimately more prosperous,couples need follow these guidelines:Talking and sharing goals;Running a home like a business;Using a mediator while having strong yet divergent opinions.5.1Researchers have found that men gossip as much as women,and men spend much time talking about themselves.But men don’t admit it,and they define it as “exchanging information”.The reason why female gossip sounds like gossip is that there three principal factors involved:The high and quick tone and sometimes likes a stage whisper,but always highly animated.A detailed speculation with possible motives,causes and outcomesAnimated and enthusiastic feedback rule.5.2Women constantly have to make choices about dress and appearance, and even the way they sign their names, which lead people to make judgments about them. A woman without a particular hair style is considered careless about how she looks and can be disqualified for many positions. What’s more,tight or revealing clothed send a message that the wearer wants to be attractive and that she is still available. Light make-up calls attention to the wearer who tries to be attractive without being alluring.A woman who takes her husband’s surname announces to the world that she is married and also that she is traditional and may be less herself. However, men do not have to make the same choices6.1W inston Churchill was born in 1874 into one of Britain’s grand est families. His parents are both cold and distant people. He was bullied when he was in Harrow. His dream was to be a general, so he got into the RMAS. Then he became a soldier and a hero in Boer war. In 1911, he lost his job and sanity because the failure of the Gallipoli in 1915.He recovered from his depression by his fashion and his wife’s support. When he returned England, he had already achieved many great things. He through his leadership and example to encourage Britons to win the war against the monstrous tyranny and defend what all we hold dear. He saved Britain.。
新标准大学英语4课文s u m m a r y(总8页)--本页仅作为文档封面,使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--Unit1 reading2 if you ask meThis is an informal and personalized account of an economic graduate who gets a job in a pub for a year and then has an opportunity to be successful (a lucky break). Since her family can’t support her to further study, she has to work. She has financial problems and feels lonely. She tells her troubles to Tony, a regular customer of the pub, who talks to some friends and gets her a loan to set up a business. With this help she has her master’s de gree and her own company. however, unluckliy,Tony is disabled after an accident and needs the repayment of the loan to adapt his house for his disability. She pay back Tony’s help, and Tony thinks that investing in people gives the best return you can ever hope for.Unit2 reading1Reading is a life-changing activity. It helps us enter a new world and liberate us from the real world we come from; it stimulates our emotions and allows us enjoy and celebrate the variety and difference from books; it aids us to get out of confusion in a materialworld and to discover the real meaning of the life. Simply put, books are supremely influential in the way we live. Homerun book might be the answer for the book that everyone should read. It describes the first reading experience that induces such pleasure and satisfaction that you cannot put it down and it may range from the classics to the most recent. Everyone is looking for their own homerun books. And what is yours Unit2 reading2Henry Miller depicts the struggle he made to obtain books when he was young, and then introduces the reason that makes a book live---that is, the enthusiastic recommendation of one reader to another. In his eyes, books are one of the few things men cherished deeply, but if you lend it to others, it makes friends for you. He continues to suggest that the vast majority of books repeat what others say, so read as little as possible. He then advices such a way to test his suggestion---that is, leave a book alone, but think as intensely as possible and if you decide to read, observe with what extraordinary acumen you read it and realize that very little of the books is really new to you.Unit3 reading1Between 1960 and 2010, there are two constant factors:the ubiquitous jeans and the rise and fall of hemlines for women’s skirts and dresses.Jeans were invented by Levi Strauss in the mid-19th century in America. But it soon became popular among young people. In late 1950s, it export to Europe and Asia. The most important development in fashion inthe1960s was the miniskirt invented by Mary, Quant. Hemlines were related to the economy. Whenever the economic outlook is unsettled, both men and women tend to wear more conservative clothes. And as the economy situation changed, time saw a number of different styles. Sometimes the hemline can even predicted a change in the mood of the stock market long before it actually happens. And it was proved in the economic crisis in 2008.During the whole period, fashion styles have ranged widely. But the constant factors over this period are denim and hemlines.Unit3 reading2Sea glass is popular among the jewellery collectorsfor several reasons. First, the creation of sea glassis a form of recycling , where nature compensates for man’s folly. Second, with h uman recycling rather than hurling it into the sea, sea glass becomes rarer than diamonds, its supply is in decline while its demand is on the rise. This leads to its boom in the market.Third, its eco-credentials lend sea glass further appeal, as gold extraction damages the environment and diamond industry has a poor human rights record. So the designers would like to put sea glass to use.Gina Cowen became a sea glass jeweller after her stints in journalism and music management in her 20sand 30s. While sea glass is disappearing, she is still on the hunt.Gina Cowen’s collection started in her walk alonga shingle beach near Capetown, South Africa, where she was born. She has several hunting grounds, South Africa, Fiji, Majorca in Spain, and the UK. But her favourite one is Seaham Beach in the UK.Her designs were sold at Liberty, London, but mostly she sells her jewellery to private customers.With the decline of sea glass in supply, there has arisen problem of reviving old habits of dumping glass into the sea. Gina Cowen refuses to condone it and she even rejects the idea of polishing new glass to make it look old, as there is a story behind sea glass.So follow Cowen’s example and search for glowing pebbles before they vanish.Unit4 reading1Today, we are caught in the credit crunch because banks set traps which appeal to our vanity and greed and sometimes to our basic need for survival.The banks give a false sense of superiority to people with exclusive gold credit cards in hard. They target people who are prone to impulse-buying, and potentially bad credit risks, tempted to spend more than they have, and liable to fall behind with repayments. They lure impoverished students with unrealistic interest rates. They charge people who go over the limit the exorbitant interest but omit to tell them the interest paid is not for the debt, but for the overspend of the overdraft. By attracting us with their endlesspublicity for loans of money, the banks earn money.So how to get ourselves out of the trapsLay out all of your credit cards in a line, take a large pair of scissors and cut them into small pieces. Then the banks have no potential to tempt money away from you.Unit4 reading2What’s the key to Wedded bliss Money matters. Marriage at its core is a financial union. To preserve their marital assets and their union, couples hadbetter share similar outlooks on money matters or, at the very least, find some middle ground. Otherwise, money will be a huge factor in breaking up marriages. However, not everyone is lucky to get married to a financial twin. To become more compatible with their significant other and ultimately more prosperous, couples need follow these guidelines: talking and sharing goals; running a home like a business, that is, making a budget and keeping track of earnings, expenses and debts, making big financial decisions and setting goals together; being supportive of careers; enjoying, but within reason; using a mediator while having strong yet divergent opinions. Maintaining some financialindependence; spending time and money together as a kind of investment in marriage.Unit5 reading1Researchers have found that men gossip as much as women and men spend much more time talking about themselves. However, men don’t admit they gossip, instead they define it as ‘’exchanging information’’.The reason why female gossip actually sounds like gossip is that there seem to be three principal factors involved. Firstly, the tone rule. Women adopt a tone which is high and quick, or sometimes a stage whisper, bue always highly animated, while men gossip in the same flat, unemotional manner as any other piece of information.Secondly, the detailed rule. For women, a detailed speculation about possible motives, causes and outcomes is crucial. However, men find all this detail boring, irrelevant and unmanly. Thirdly, the freedback rule. Female listeners are required to be at least asanimated and enthusiastic as speakers. However, men who respond in such a manner would be considered inappropriately girly, or even disturbingly effeminate. For them, a suitable expletive is better to conveytheir surprise.Unit5 reading2Women constanly have to make choices about dress and appearance, and even the way they sign their names, which lead people to make judgments about them. A woman without a particular hair style is considered careless about how she looks and can be disqualified for many positions. Tight or revealing clothes send a message that the wearer wants to be attractive and that she is still available. Light make-up calls attention to the wearer as someone who tries to be attractive without being alluring. A woman who takes her husband’s surname announces to the world that she is married and also that she is traditional and may be less herself. However men do not have to make the same choices.Unit6 reading1Churchill believed that he was destined to lead his country. He fought as a soldier in World War 1 and ledthe country to victory in World War 2 . it seemed to ironic that a leader of such renowed as Churchill could not count on the loyalty of voters in 1945. However, in a democratic country, electors cannot be bullied, and he had to tolerate political defeat after military victory, and went once more to his country retreat, Chartwell.。
Unit 1 Act.2 If You Ask Me1.This is a story of a graduate who gets a job in a pub for a year and has a chance to be successful.2.Since her family can’t support her to further study, she has to work. She has financial problems and feels lonely. She talks her trouble to Tony, a regular customer of the pub. Who gets her a loan to set up a business. With his help she has her monster’s degree and her own company.3.After a few years Tony had been in a car accident and couldn’t work, the writer’s money helped him. Tony said investing in people gives the best return you can ever hope for.Unit 2 Act.1 Danger! Books may Change Your Life1.This article introduces the power of reading books to us. When we pick up a book, we are about to enter a new world. Books will influence the way we live.2.The writer mentions a word “home-run book”that might be the answer for the book everyone should read. “Home-run”book is which can give you pleasure and satisfaction.3.The title described the power of reading.Unit 2 Act.2 They were alive and they spoke to me1.The writer introduces what makes a book alive. A book lives through the passionate recommendation of one reader to another.2.The writer suggests us read as little as possible not as much as possible. What is moreimportant is the quality not the quantity.Unit 3 Act.1 Fifty Years of FashionFashion in the year 1960 to 2010 has two constant factors: the ubiquitous jeans and the rise and fall of hemlines of women’s skirts and dresses. The jeans date back to 16 century, and then jeans bacame the work cloth of miners. Jeans were worn with young people in 1950s, and after that developed a lot, associated with new ideas. The length of women’s dresses is associated with economy. When the economy is positive, women enjoy to show them.Unit 3 Act.2 Eco-jewellery: Sea GlassThis article introduces the reason why sea glass is very popular. And describes the process of making jewellery from sea glass, makes people think about the importance of recycling. And paints the passion of Gina Cowen, who is a jewellery designer.Unit 4 Act.1 The Credit Card TrapThis article tells the writer’s complain about bank credit card. She takes some examples to analyze how credit cards get people in to a trap and make people be in debt for bank. The author use a humorous way to suggest people how to solve the credit card trap, that cut them by scissors, never use them anymore.Unit 4 Act.2 The Key to Wedded Bliss? Money MattersThis article tells us that what is important to marriage is money. What makes marrige work is finding your financial soulmate, marrying a person who shares your attitudes about money. The writer gives some guidelines: (1) talk and share goals (2) run a home like a business (3) be supportive of careers (4) enjoy, but within reason (5) use a mediator (6) maintain some independence (7) invest in your marriageUnit 5 Act.1 Sex Differences in English Gossip RulesThis article summarizes findings form recent research. And it presents the writer’s owns research findings that men gossip as much as women, but they call it “exchanging information”. The main difference between male and female gossip is that female gossip sounds like gossip. Three principal involved are: the tone rule, the detail rule and the feedback rule.Unit 5 Act.2 Marked:Women in the workplaceWomen constantly have to make choices about dress and appearance, and even the way they sign their names, which lead people to make judgments about them; men do not have to make the same choices.Unit 6 Act.1 Winston ChurchillChurchill came from a famous family and was a soldier and politician. When Churchill became Prime Minister in 1940, Britain was at war. Churchill made speeches that inspired the nation, and led the country to victory. Although he was considered a great militaryleader, Churchill lost the general election after the war.如有侵权请联系告知删除,感谢你们的配合!。
U1 1 Catching crabsIn the fall of our final year the relaxed atmosphere disappeared, and the pressure to work was strong. Meanwhile, we must consider what we would do after graduation. As for me, I wanted to travel and be a writer but my father wanted me to go to law school. He supported me but he called me to catch the crabs. By watching crabs my father told me to know himself better.在我们最后一年的秋天,轻松的气氛消失了,工作的压力很大.。
同时,我们必须考虑毕业后要做什么.。
至于我,我想旅行,成为一名作家,但我的父亲想让我去法学院。
他支持我,但他叫我去抓螃蟹。
通过看螃蟹我父亲告诉我要更好地了解自己。
U1 2 We are all dyingLife is short and we don't know whether we will be in coffin dwellers or become ash. So we shouldn't putt our dreams on the back burner. We should make the best of our short life and enrich our life. Therefore, when the reaper arrives, we’ve achieved so much that we wouldn't regret.生命是短暂的,我们不知道我们是否会在棺材或成为灰烬。
↓↓↓大英3课文SummaryUNIT 11.1 catching crabsIn the fall of our final year,our mood changed.The relaxed atmosphere had disappeared, and peer group pressure to work hard was strong. Meanwhile,at the back of everyone’s mind was what we would do next after graduation. As for me,I wanted to travel,and I wanted to be a writer.I braced myself for some resistance to the idea from my father,who wanted me to go to law school,and follow his path through life.However,he supported what I wanted but he made me think about it by watching the crabs.The cage was full of crabs. One of them was trying to escape,but each time it reached the top the other crabs pulled it back.In the end it gave up lengthy struggle to escape and started to prevent other crabs from escaping.By watching crabs,my father told me not to be pulled back by others,and to get to know himself better.1.2We are all dyingLife is short.We never quite know when we become coffin dwellers or trampled ash in the rose garden of some local ceremony.So there’s no point in putting our dreams on the back burner until the right time arrives.Now is the time to do what we want to do. Make the best of our short stay and fill our life with the riches on offer so that when the reaper arrives,we’ve achieved much instead of regrets.UNIT 22.1supermanThe extract from Johnny Panic and the Bible of Dreams by Sylvia Plath is a combination of her real life and imaginary life in her childhood.In the real life,Plath was a winner of the prize for drawing the best Civil Defense signs,lived by an airport and had an Uncle who bore resemblance to Superman.In her imagination,the airport was her Mecca and Jerusalem because of her flying dreams.Superman fulfilled her dream at the moment.David Stirling,a bookish boy,also worship Superman.During the recess at school,he and the author played Superman pared with their school-mates who played the routine games,they felt they were outlaws but had a sense of windy superiority.They also found a stand-in,Sheldon Fein, who later invented tortures.2.2cultual childhoodsHistorically,childhood has undergone enormous transformations in terms of children’s responsibilities and parental expectations.Culturally,childhood is socially constructed.The interplay of history and cultural leads to different understanding of childhood,consequently it is advisable not to impose ideas from one culture to understand childhood in another culture.UNIT 33.1how we listenFor the sake of clarify,we split up the process of listening to music into three hypothetical planes.Firstly,the sensuous plane.It is a kind of brainless but attractive state of mind engenderedby the mere sound appeal of the music.Secondly,the expressive plane.It is when we believe each piece of music has a theme,which mirrors a different world of feeling,such asgaiety,sadness.Thirdly,the musical plane.It is the ability to experience different musical elements,such as melodies,the rhythms,the harmonies,the tone colors etc.We usually listen to music on all three planes.3.2the mystery of Girl with a Pearl EarringThe painting Girl with a Pearl Earring is one of Dutch painter Johannes V ermeer’s masterworks.It shows a striking young woman wearing an exotic costume and a turban,peering over her shoulder straight out at the viewer.As the name implies,it uses a pearl earring for a focal point.It has been referred to as the Mona Lisa of the north,because,like Leonardo da Vinci’s painting,it appears to be a simple likeness of a woman with an enigmatic smile,yet which contains levels of meanings and questions.So much mystery in the painting contributes to its worldwide popularity and generates a thoroughly rewarding novel and a well-composed film.UNIT 44.1work in corporate AmericaIn today’s American jobs are not what they used to be.Not long ago,when a father was asked about his job he could answer in terms that a child could come to grips with.Nowadays,when the parent take his offspring to his place of business in glass buildings that are really incomprehensive to children.What’s more,it’s safe bet t hat even grown men have trouble visualizing what other men does in their jobs with his day.Therefore,it’s not difficult to imagine a poor child mayanswer”mulling over” after it beats me the mysteries of work,when his friends asks him of his father’s job.4.2our supposedly exciting times are really rather dullLiving in a world of unprecedented/dazzling change,there are never been anything quite likeit.However,we are just ignorant of/about deeper historical patterns,take globalization for example,from historical context point of view,the world is almost meaningless.We simply do not live in a age of great technological innovation for all our enthusiasm about internet and iPod.With staggering 90 percent of all web traffic is local,we are always be told the I nternet has “opened up”the world.As the Chinese curse runs “May you live in interesting times”,it can bring chaos and anxiety in the in the wake.UNIT 55.1dinner at Joanne’sWhen a young black man arrives in a crowded and expensive restaurant,the head waiter makes him sit in the least comfortable place,even though a table has been booked for him and a “Ms Rogers”.When Ms Rogers arrives,the waiter realizes that she is a well-known Senator; and Ms Roger realizes that her friend has been treated badly because of the color of his skin.The waiter realizes his mistake too,and tries to make up for it,but it’s too late.5.2we theyThe writer uses stories about doing business between Swedes and Saudis to illustrate the differences between an individualist and a collectivist approach to business. They have different concepts of the role of personal relationships in business. The Swedes believe the business is donewith a company while the Saudis think it should be done with a person they know and trust.Then the writer compares the characteristics of the collectivist and those of the individualist.In the most collectivist societies,the families are usually extended families while in the individualist societies,nuclear families are prevalent. People consider themselves as part of a “we”group or in-group in the collectivist societies.In contrast, the individualist think of themselves as “I”,their personal identity which is distinct from other people’s. A practical and psychological dependence relationship develops between the person and the in-group in the collectivist societies. However, rarely do people depend on a group in the individualist societies.UNIT 66.1 Last man downThe text from Last Ma Down offers an eyewitness account of defining historical event of 9/11 attack from the perspective of Richard Picciotto, a firefighter; his story is that of a man, a hero,and a tragic event that inspired the nation. His recount isn’t one of death and destruction, but a celebration of life and it’s unpredictable nature.6.2 Eleanor RooseveltThe passage offers a hero who contrasts with brave firefighters. This time she is a woman of power and previlege who still wanted to devote herself to the sucess she believed in.Living in a male-dominated world, Eleanor Roosevelt showed gro wing concern for women’s issues, along with those for labor issues,youth and civil rights issues.Eleanor created new First Lady profile. She held a press conference for the female only. She was a great supporter for FDR, her wheel-bound husband, whose career as the US president offered her opportunity to come into her own.After FDR’s departure, she still held public posts to use her power to her beliefs.Anna Eleanor Roosevelt never ran on a par with men, she set the place.。
↓↓↓大英3课文SummaryUNIT 11.1 catching crabsIn the fall of our final year,our mood changed.The relaxed atmosphere had disappeared, and peer group pressure to work hard was strong. Meanwhile,at the back of everyone’s mind was what we would do next after graduation. As for me,I wanted to travel,and I wanted to be a writer.I braced myself for some resistance to the idea from my father,who wanted me to go to law school,and follow his path through life.However,he supported what I wanted but he made me think about it by watching the crabs.The cage was full of crabs. One of them was trying to escape,but each time it reached the top the other crabs pulled it back.In the end it gave up lengthy struggle to escape and started to prevent other crabs from escaping.By watching crabs,my father told me not to be pulled back by others,and to get to know himself better.1.2We are all dyingLife is short.We never quite know when we become coffin dwellers or trampled ash in the rose garden of some local ceremony.So there’s no p oint in putting our dreams on the back burner until the right time arrives.Now is the time to do what we want to do. Make the best of our short stay and fill our life with the riches on offer so that when the reaper arrives,we’ve achieved much instead of regrets.UNIT 22.1supermanThe extract from Johnny Panic and the Bible of Dreams by Sylvia Plath is a combination of her real life and imaginary life in her childhood.In the real life,Plath was a winner of the prize for drawing the best Civil Defense signs,lived by an airport and had an Uncle who bore resemblance to Superman.In her imagination,the airport was her Mecca and Jerusalem because of her flying dreams.Superman fulfilled her dream at the moment.David Stirling,a bookish boy,also worship Superman.During the recess at school,he and the author played Superman pared with their school-mates who played the routine games,they felt they were outlaws but had a sense of windy superiority.They also found a stand-in,Sheldon Fein, who later invented tortures.2.2cultual childhoodsHistorically,childhood has undergone enormous transformations in terms of children’s responsibilities and parental expectations.Culturally,childhood is socially constructed.The interplay of history and cultural leads to different understanding of childhood,consequently it is advisable not to impose ideas from one culture to understand childhood in another culture.UNIT 33.1how we listenFor the sake of clarify,we split up the process of listening to music into three hypothetical planes.Firstly,the sensuous plane.It is a kind of brainless but attractive state of mind engenderedby the mere sound appeal of the music.Secondly,the expressive plane.It is when we believe each piece of music has a theme,which mirrors a different world of feeling,such asgaiety,sadness.Thirdly,the musical plane.It is the ability to experience different musical elements,such as melodies,the rhythms,the harmonies,the tone colors etc.We usually listen to music on all three planes.3.2the mystery of Girl with a Pearl EarringThe painting Girl with a Pearl Earring is one of Dutch painter Johannes V ermeer’s masterworks.It shows a striking young woman wearing an exotic costume and a turban,peering over her shoulder straight out at the viewer.As the name implies,it uses a pearl earring for a focal point.It has been referred to as the Mona Lisa of the north,because,like Leonardo da Vinci’s painting,it appears to be a simple likeness of a woman with an enigmatic smile,yet which contains levels of meanings and questions.So much mystery in the painting contributes to its worldwide popularity and generates a thoroughly rewarding novel and a well-composed film.UNIT 44.1work in corporate AmericaIn today’s American jobs are not what they used to be.Not long ago,when a f ather was asked about his job he could answer in terms that a child could come to grips with.Nowadays,when the parent take his offspring to his place of business in glass buildings that are really incomprehensive to children.What’s more,it’s safe bet that even grown men have trouble visualizing what other men does in their jobs with his day.Therefore,it’s not difficult to imagine a poor child mayanswer”mulling over” after it beats me the mysteries of work,when his friends asks him of his father’s job.4.2our supposedly exciting times are really rather dullLiving in a world of unprecedented/dazzling change,there are never been anything quite likeit.However,we are just ignorant of/about deeper historical patterns,take globalization for example,from historical context point of view,the world is almost meaningless.We simply do not live in a age of great technological innovation for all our enthusiasm about internet and iPod.With staggering 90 percent of all web traffic is local,we are always be told the Intern et has “opened up”the world.As the Chinese curse runs “May you live in interesting times”,it can bring chaos and anxiety in the in the wake.UNIT 55.1dinner at Joanne’sWhen a young black man arrives in a crowded and expensive restaurant,the head waiter makes him sit in the least comfortable place,even though a table has been booked for him and a “Ms Rogers”.When Ms Rogers arrives,the waiter realizes that she is a well-known Senator; and Ms Roger realizes that her friend has been treated badly because of the color of his skin.The waiter realizes his mistake too,and tries to make up for it,but it’s too late.5.2we theyThe writer uses stories about doing business between Swedes and Saudis to illustrate the differences between an individualist and a collectivist approach to business. They have different concepts of the role of personal relationships in business. The Swedes believe the business is done with a company while the Saudis think it should be done with a person they know and trust.Then the writer compares the characteristics of the collectivist and those of the individualist.In the most collectivist societies,the families are usually extended families while in the individualist societies,nuclear families are prevalent. People consider themselves as part of a “we”group or in-group in the collectivist societies.In contrast, the individualist think of themselves as “I”,their personal identity which is distinct from other people’s. A practical and psychological dependence relationship develops between the person and the in-group in the collectivist societies. However, rarely do people depend on a group in the individualist societies.UNIT 66.1 Last man downThe text from Last Ma Down offers an eyewitness account of defining historical event of 9/11 attack from the perspective of Richard Picciotto, a firefighter; his story is that of a man, a hero,and a tragic event that inspired the nation. His recount isn’t one of death and destruction, but a celebration of life and it’s unpredictable nature.6.2 Eleanor RooseveltThe passage offers a hero who contrasts with brave firefighters. This time she is a woman of power and previlege who still wanted to devote herself to the sucess she believed in.Living in a male-dominated world, Eleanor Roosevelt showed growing concern for women’s issues, along with those for labor issues,youth and civil rights issues.Eleanor created new First Lady profile. She held a press conference for the female only. She was a great supporter for FDR, her wheel-bound husband, whose career as the US president offered her opportunity to come into her own.After FDR’s departure, she still held public posts to use her power to her beliefs.Anna Eleanor Roosevelt never ran on a par with men, she set the place.。
Book 4 Retelling the passagePart I Please retell Unit 1 AR2 “If you ask me”The writer has been in trouble in the past. She couldn’t even last till end of the year. After getting her master’s, she didn’t really go out to work just yet. She had her eyes on the course at the LSE. But her family couldn’t afford to pay for it.After leaving university, she went to London to get a job. She wanted a job about finance and investments. But she didn’t get it. Finally, she got a job in the pub. It was a quiet demanding job, and she liked it.In the pub, she met a customer whose name is tony. And she told her unlucky story to tony. Tony gave the writer a loan for her to set up her business.Fortunately, the writer succeeded. So she paid back Tony and set up her own firm. Tony wrote her a thank-you note.Part I Please retell Unit 2 AR1 “Danger! Books may change your life”When we pick up a book, we are about to enter a new world. Weknow we live in a world of variety and difference. Reading books allows us to enjoy and celebrate this variety and difference in safety, and provides us with an opportunity to grow. After taking the trouble to go to our local library or bookstore, we could realize the truth of the power of reading books. We may not always understand every word or sentence, but whether we're enchanted or whether we feel excluded, our emotions are nevertheless stimulated. As soon as we are able to listen, books are supremely influential in the way we live. When we become adults, books define our lives. As adults, we are always looking for our own home-run books which give us such pleasure and satisfaction that we can not put it down. Books may change our lives. Such is the power of reading.Part I Please retell Unit 2 AR2 “They were alive and they spoke to me”I have a collection of books which are selected by me. And in the past I did most of my work without the aid of a library I look upon as an advantage rather than a disadvantage. One of the first things I associate with the reading of books is the struggle I waged to obtain them. A book lives through the passionate recommendation of one reader to another. Books are one of the few things men cherish deeply. And the better the man the more easily will he partwith his most cherished possessions. Here an irrepressible impulse seizes me to offer a piece of gratuitous advice. It is this: Read as little as possible, not as much as possible! Indubitably the vast majority of books overlap one another.Knowledge and awareness of this repetitive quality in books can help us select and read all that is worthwhile in the entire realm of literature.Part I Please retell Unit 3 AR1 “Fifty years of fashion”No history of fashion in the years 1960 to 2010 can overlook or underestimate two constant factors: the ubiquitous jeans and the rise and fall of hemlines for women's skirts and dresses. Jeans was used by miners in the Californian in the mid-19th.But then became associated with youth, new ideas, rebellion and individuality. It has often been noted that there is a precise correlation, with only a few exceptions, between the length of women's skirts and the economy. Perhaps the most important development in fashion in the 1960s was the miniskirt. The hippie movement of the mid-1960s and early 1970s influenced the design of jeans. The mid-1980s saw the rise of a number of different styles. The late 1980s in the US saw the rise of the more conservative style called Preppy style. In the 1990s, Boots and Converse or Nike trainersremained popular, but the predominant colors became olive green and oatmeal. Sometimes the hemline indicator, as it's called, can even precede and predict a change in the mood of the stock market long before it actually happens. Fashion styles have ranged widely, and have usually been sparked off by a desire to identify people as belonging to a particular sub-culture.Part I Please retell Unit 3 AR2 “Eco-jewellery: sea glass”Although sea glass is disappearing, jewellery designer Gina Cowen is still on the hunt for the elusive treasure. It has the ability to transform magically from something ordinary to luminous treasure after a stint in the sea. There is no hard and fast rule about how long chunks of glass must spend in the waves before they can officially be called sea glass. Cowen decided to become a jeweller came after stints in journalism and music management in her 20s and 30s. Her favourite hunting ground—and popular among collectors—is Seaham Beach in County Durham. The creation of sea glass is a form of recycling, but more than that. The decline in supply, combined with an increase in demand, has produced a boom in the market. Its eco-credentials lend sea glass further appeal, at a time when people have started to question jewellery'sorigins. In 50 years, plastic may be the only thing being washed up, but Cowen is confident artists will find ways to put it to use.Part I Please retell Unit 4 AR1 “The credit card trap”Several years ago, I became unhappy because my credit card was only a fairy pathetic, but my friend get a gold one. And I thought that she couldn’t get it. So, I wanted a gold one, and I applied. However, I was turned down, I asked why. It appears that I am not the kind of person that they want to have their gold credit card. 3 years ago, my No.2daughter applied for a credit card and needed me to act as a guarantee. At last, I’d hauled her back into the house. Another friend’s daughter came across a more serious problem. Because of her credit card, she even did not get the loan. At last, she had to drop out of university. The banks set traps which appears to our vanity and greed and sometimes to our basic neede for survival. And then we fall into their traps. As for me, I don’t want any more credit cards, no more status symbols.Part I Please retell Unit 4 AR2 “The key to wedded bliss? Money matters”In fact, when it comes to finances, your marriage is likely to be your most valuable asset—or your largest liability. Today, while most of us marry for romantic reasons, marriage at its core is still a financial union. Making those choices as a team is one of the most important ways to preserve your marital assets, and your union, experts say. These guidelines are compiled from the successfully married and from experts on psychology, divorce and finance. TALK AND SHARE GOALS. Before walking down the aisle, couples should have a talk about their financial health and goals. RUN A HOME LIKE A BUSINESS. BE SUPPORTIVE OF CAREERS. Having a supportive partner helps you professionally, which should trickle down to your mutual bottom line. ENJOY, BUT WITHIN REASON. Create a cash cushion, and live a lifestyle you can sustain. USE A MEDIATOR. Perhaps both of you have strong yet divergent opinions about how to invest.MAINTAIN SOME INDEPENDENCE. INVEST IN YOUR MARRIAGE. Think of it as dollar-cost averaging your marriage, where you make small investments over time.Part I Please retell Unit 5 AR1 “Sex differences in English gossip rules”Contrary to popular belief, researchers have found that men gossipjust as much as women. Men were certainly found to be no more likely than women to discuss "important" or "highbrow" subjects. In fact, recent research has revealed only one significant difference, in terms of content, between male and female gossip: Men spend much more time talking about themselves. In my focus groups and interviews, most English males initially claimed that they did not gossip, while most of the female readily admitted that they did. Clearly, there is a stigma attached to gossip among English males, an unwritten rule to the effect that, even if what one is doing is gossiping, it should be called something else. The English women I interviewed all agreed that a particular tone of voice was considered appropriate for gossip. Among English women, it is understood that to be a "good gossip" requires more than a lively tone and attention to detail. Among English women, it is understood that to be a "good gossip" requires more than a lively tone and attention to detail..Part I Please retell Unit 5 AR2 “Marked: women in the workplace”The term "marked" is a staple of linguistic theory. The unmarked forms of most English words convey "male". Being male is theunmarked case. Unfortunately, marking words for female also, by association, tends to mark them for frivolousness. For man no make-up is unmarked. There is no unmarked woman. There is no woman's hairstyle that could be called "standard". Women have to choose between shoes that are comfortable and shoes that are deemed attractive. If a woman's clothes are tight or revealing (in other words, sexy), it sends a message—an intended one of wanting to be attractive but also a possibly unintended one of availability. A woman wearing bright colors calls attention to herself, but if she avoids bright colors, she has (as my choice of verb in this sentence suggests) avoided something. Women can't even fill out a form without telling stories about themselves. A married woman who wants to have her cake and eat it too may use her surname plus his. In a list (Harvey O'Donovan, Jonathon Feldman, Stephanie Woodbury McGillicutty), the woman's multiple name stands out. It is marked.Part I Please retell Unit 6 AR1 “Winston Churchill”In the summer of 1940, Britain stood alone on the brink of invasion. This was the moment when Britain had to be at its greatest. And in Churchill we found it. Churchill was born in 1874 in a grand family. His family hadbeen fighting for king and country for generations. So did him. But his parents was not kind to him. When he was s child, he was not outstanding. So his father thought that he would be a loser. After leaving school, Churchill joined the army. Then he behaved good as a hero of Boer War. Because of that, he become a MP. As a politician, he thought highly of law and order. But his dream is to become a general. So he must be happy when he became First Lord of the admiralty. But he failed in Gallipoli. Then he became depressed. But he recovered because of his wife. To amends his mistake, he took himself off to the trenches of France to fight. At last, he succeeded. In 1930s, he was on the backbenches. When War II broke out, he became the leader of Britain. In 1940, he lead British people to ride out a storm. When he died in 1965, the new rock-and-roll Britain stood still.。
UNIT 1Active Reading 1What are the most important issues for students today? Is the university campus really such a different place compared to what it was 40 years ago?For the students in the 1960s, going to college was the most exciting and stimulating experience of their life. They took part in protests and launched strikes against the establishment with their new and passionate commitment to freedom and justice. Going to college also meant their first taste of real freedom. They could discuss the meaning of life, read their first forbidden book and see their first indie film.In contrast, the students today don’t have the passion for college life that they used to. Today, college is seen as a kind of small town from which people are keen to escape. Instead of the heady atmosphere of freedom which students in the 1960s discovered, students today are much more serious.College has become a means to an end, an opportunity to improve their prospects of being competitive in the employment market, and not an end in itself.But in spite of all this, the role of the university is the same as it always has been. It is the place where students have the opportunity tolearn to think for themselves.Active Reading 2Older generations generally have a negative attitude to today’s students, the product of postmodern times. Today’s students are expected to accomplish anything in an era with extraordinary privileges and opportunities. It would seem they do the opposite. They direct their energy on the Internet communicating ideas and frustrations, instead of trying to assert their identity by revolution. Perhaps when they are not told about what their parents did before, they will be seen writing the revolution in technology.UNIT 2Active Reading 1Empathy, orginally known as motor mimicry, stemmed from physical imitation of others’ plight, which then evokes the same feelings in oneself. Children seem to feel sympathetic distress from infancy—much earlier than they realize they exist apart from other peopleBy one year old, they start to learn the pain is someone else’s but still seem confused about what to do. At around two and a half years, motor mimicry fades from toddlers’ repertoire when they are able to distinguish their own feelings from others’ feelings, so they are able touse other means to comfort others. At the same time, their sensivity to other’s emotional upsets begins to diverge from one to another. Active Reading 2This is Sandy is an extract from Tone, a story about the life of a deaf girl. She thinks her friends are honorable people who beam with pride when they introduce her to someone new. When people find out she is deaf they are mostly shocked for a moment at first but pretend not to be. Sandy says that the hearing aids she saw in a catalog are great fashion accessories, they’re just like a clip you put onto your ear. Sandy likes to show her hearing aid. She doesn’t tie her hair up in a knot but sh e tucks it behind her ears. Sandy’s friend Carol introduces her to a boy called Colin at a party. They sit together on a couch and Colin realizes that Sandy can understand what he is saying by reading his lips. Someone turns up the volume of the music and they dance together. Soon they are dating. This is when the real drama begins.UNIT 3Active Reading 1Identity theft refers to stealing information about someone that makes it possible to use their bank account or credit card. With an informal and conversational tone the author persuades readers intoactions against the threats of identity fraud in our daily life. According to the author we make the thieves’ job easy by leaving our mails unprotected, using ball pens for checks and forms, throwing documents containing our personal information in the trash, leaving our computer on and so on. So we should look for different ways to protect ourselves and change our mindset.Identity crime is very likely to happen at any time, to any of us. We can take precautions to improve the chances of avoiding this crime, though it will never go away.Active Reading2The writer tries to create a feeling of fear in order to warn readers of the threat involved in the ever-increasing amounts of data on people being collected. With various stylistic devices, the writer leads readers along his thought-path step by step to the point that collecting personal information places people in peril because we don’t know who collects it for what purposes. And neither do we know where the information goes and how it is used. According to the writer, identity theft is much feared in society but there are worse things than that. And the danger is growing though it is vague, not certain. There is no balance yet between the convenience of the world and the peril that we sense in the presence of all that information in the databases which can be employed as aweapon as well as a tool.UNIT 4Active Reading 1What exactly is news? The objective importance and the historical, international significance of an event is not enough. It is the odd, unexpected and human nature that made news like 9/11 memorable and newsworthy. So is immediacy which refers to the nearness of the event in time.When it comes to immediacy, those media like TV, radio and Internet have an enormous advantage over the press. However, no matter what form it may take, all the media more or less covertly, influence the public. That is the so- called power of the media.In the new millennium, maybe the press or TV are not going to disappear overnight, but the power of the media may be eroded or at least devolved to ordinary people.Active Reading 2All over the English-speaking world, newspaper circulation has been confronted with a long-term trend of decline. The decline comes much from the challenge of internet and the negative environmental impact of newspaper industry. The challenge of internet mainly focuses on itsattraction to readers and minute-by-minute ads monitoring system. But maybe the newspaper won’t die without struggle. Besides its convenience over laptop, the demand for local news and the exploitation of lifestyle journalism will create new revenue streams. And more interestingly, the ritual of reading the newspaper has become a hard habit to break.UNIT 5Active Reading 1As an anti-war novel, Catch-22 is well known for its comic tone as against the normal perception of a war novel which tends to be serious, sentimental and involve bloodshed. Its main character is Yossarian. Unlike the war heroes who would die for their home country, Yossarian aims to survive the war and go back home.To achieve this goal, he has to pretend to be insane. If he were crazy, he could be grounded. So he had to ask Doc Daneeka first. But once he asked Doc Daneeka, it meant he would no longer be crazy and would have to fly more missions.Normally, he was sane if he didn’t fly more missions while he would be crazy if he flew more missions. Anyway, he would be plunged into a tricky situation– a Catch-22 situation.Active Reading 2To escape from Nazi persecutionof the Jews, Anne and her family members emigrated from Germany to Holland. However, in 1940 the Germans invaded, and occupied Holland. So quickly did the persecution of the Dutch Jews begin there that the Franks and another Jew family, the Van Pels went into hiding in the secret annexe. For the next two years, eight people of the two families were confinedto just six small rooms and could never go outside.Under such harsh circumstances, Anne continued to write her diary, which she started a few weeks before they moved to the hiding. Her diary was the account of the day-to-day activity in the annexe –the suffering, but her dreams and aspirations were still there. The diary voiced a declaration of her principles and of the right to human dignity so profoundly that it was viewed as the voice of Holocaust.In August 1944,the hiding place was stormed, and Nazi officers arrested everyone.They were taken to concentration camps.Out of the eight people in hiding, Otto Frank was the only survivors, and when he found his daughter’s diary after the war, he arranged for its publication in recognition of her courage. Anne’s writing would be a support and comfort to the world after her death.UNIT 6Active Reading 1Standing at the vast and beautiful Stadium Australia, I was tense and excited. The feeling was fantastic since I was so close to my childhood dream. I tried to concentrate on the crowd and felt unified with them. The first lap was good but mental and physical fatigue were starting to crush me on the second lap. I kept telling myself: “two minutes, one more lap towardsbeing the Olympic champion”. As I crosse d the line I was sure that I’d just made it. But negative thoughts lingered in my mind. When I saw my name in lights, I felt a tingle through the whole of my body. It was the moment that will stay with mefor the rest of my life. Active Reading 2It is time to blow the whistle on the so-called beautiful game -- soccer. For one thing, it is a game of chance. Goals are the best illustration of the chance natureof this game. Ninety percent of goal shots failed. The scoring system is another evidence. Most finals, 0-0, 1-0, 2-1, indicate that games tend to be standoffs and it’s a matter of luck to be ahead when time runs out. For another, soccer is a sport in which strategies and regulations are so obscure. No universal interpretation can be found for offside rules. Besides, with only one referee on the field, most of theinfractions-- pushing, punching, tripping, kneeing, handballing-- are committed when he isn’t looking.。