2009年全国医学博士统一考试英语试题

2009年职称英语等级考试试题及答案-卫生类A级2009年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（A级）试题第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1Why can't you stop your eternal complaining?A everlastingB longC temporaryD boring2 Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake.A shakenB damagedC fallenD jumped3 These paintings are considered by many to be authentic.A faithfulB royalC genuineD sincere4Many economists have given in to the fatal lure of mathematics.A attractionB simplicityC powerD rigor5Ten years after the event, her death still remains a puzzle.A mistB fogC mysteryD secret6 John was irritated by the necessity for polite conversation.A annoyedB troubledC threatenedD aroused7 Academic records cannot be duplicated.A borrowedB purchasedC rewrittenD copied13 You didn't adhere to these principles.A followB orderC proveD handle14 The farmers also want to use the water to irrigate the barren land.A emptyB hairlessC bareD smooth15 Anyone who wants to apply for a loan need read the following specifications.A expressionsB warningsC instructionsD advertisements第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

2000FA TMD医学博士研究生入学外语考试――英语参考答案（部分）PAPER TWO31.A 32.B 33.C 34.D 35.A 36.B 37.C 38.C 39.A 40.B 41.C 42.C 43.C 44.D 45.B46.D 47.C 48.B 49.A 50.C51.C 52.B 53.D 54.A55.C 56.D 57.D 58.C59.C 60.C 61.D 62.D63.A 64.B 65.D 66.D67.C 68.B 69.C 70.A71.C 72.C 73.C 74.D 75.D2001FA TMD医学博士研究生入学外语考试――英语参考答案（部分）PAPER ONE1.A2.C3.D4.B5.A6.A7.C8.A9.D 10.C 11. PAPER TWO1.C2.C3.A4.B5.C6.D7.B8.D9.C 10.D 11.D 12.A 13.A 14.B 15.B 16.C 17.C 18.A 19.D 20.D 21.D 22.C 23.A 24.C 25.C 26.C 27.A 28.B 29.A 30.A31.C 32.A 33.B 34.A 35.A 36.B 37.C 38.C 39.D 40.B 41.C 42.C 43.A 44.B 45.B46.C 47.D 48.B 49.D 50.A51.C 52.A 53.A 54.D55.D 56.C 57.A 58.A59.C 60.C 61.D 62.A63.B 64.D 65.D 66.C67.A 68.A 69.D 70.D71.C 72.A 73.C 74.D 75.A2002FA TMD医学博士研究生入学外语考试――英语参考答案（部分）1.B2.C3.C4.A5.D6.B7.C8.C9.B 10.C 11.C 12.D 13.D 14.C 15.B16.A 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.A 21.D 22.D 23.C 24.C 25.C 26.A 27.D 28.A 29.C 30.B31.B 32.C 33.A 34.C 35.D 36.C 37.C 38.C 39.D40.D41.B 42.D 43.D 44.B 45.C 46.D 47.A 48.B 49.A50.B51.B 52.C 53.D 54.A 55.C 56.C 57.C 58.C 59.A60.A61.A 62.D 63.D 64.B 65.A 66.D 67.D 68.A 69.C70.C71.B 72.A 73.A 74.A 75.A 76.B 77.C 78.B 79.C80.D81.C 82.B 83.D 84.D 85.D 86.A 87.B 88.C 89.A 90.D2003FA TMD医学博士研究生入学外语考试――英语参考答案（部分）1.D 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.D 9.B 10.D 11.B 12.D 13.D 14.A 15.A16.C 17.A 18.D 19.D 20.D 21.C 22.D 23.D 24.A 25.C 26.D 27.D 28.B 29.C 30.D31.A 32.B 33.D 34.C 35.A 36.D 37.A 38.C 39.C 40.A 41.A 42.C 43.C 44.D 45.D 46.B 47.D 48.D 49.C 50.A51.B 52.A 53.C 54.A 55.C 56.B 57.A 58.C 59.B60.A61.C 62.B 63.C 64.B 65.C 66.C 67.B 68.D 69.A70.B71.D 72.A 73.D 74.C 75.D 76.B 77.D 78.C 79.C80.A81.A 82.A 83.D 84.C 85.B 86.B 87.C 88.A 89.D 90.B2004年全国医学考博英语试题答案（仅供参考）1.A2.B3.C4.C5.C6.B7.D8.A9.D 10.D11.A 12.B 13.C 14.C 15.D 16.D 17.A 18.C 19.B 20.A21.A 22.B 23.D 24.C 25.D 26.A 27.D 28.C 29.B 30.C31.B 32.A 33.D 34.A 35.B 36.B 37.A 38.B 39.C 40.B41.A 42.C 43.B 44.D 45.C 46.D 47.C 48.A 49.D 50.A51.A 52.B 53.D 54.A 55.B 56.C 57.A 58.A 59.B 60.C61.D 62.C 63.B 64.D 65.C 66.D 67.D 68.C 69.D 70.B71.B 72.D 73.B 74.C 75.B 76.B 77.A 78.D 79.A 80.B81.B 82.D 83.C 84.C 85.A 86.B 87.D 88.A 89.A 90.D2005年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案1-5CACDA6-10CDBCB11-15CADBA16-20DDBCB21-25ABCBD26-30CCDAD31-35CABAA36-40CADAD41-45BACBA46-50ABDCC51-55BACBA56-60ACBCB61-65BCBBC66-70BDABC71-75CACBB76-80CACBB81-85CBACD86-90ADBCC2006年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案31-40 CDCCB BCBDA41-50 ACACA ACDDB51-60 BCACA AADBC61-70 DDDDA ACABD71-80ACCCC BCAAD81-90DBDBD DDBBC2001part III vocabulary(15%)1.we are all overwhelmed with more facts and information than we can possibly____A.feedB.maintainC.absorbD.consume2.pleasure,or joy, is vital to ____health. vital.生死攸关的, 重大的, 生命的, 生机的, 至关重要的, 所必需的A.optimistic pessimistic悲观的B.optional可选择的, 随意的C.optimal最佳的, 最理想的near optimal近似最佳D.operational3.A ____ effort is required to achieve health.mitted 承担义务的；忠于既定立场的；坚定的B.restrictedposed镇静的, 沉着的D.sophisticated诡辩的, 久经世故的4.A person’s belief ____ and colors his experience.A.contradicts vt.同...矛盾, 同...抵触contradict a statement驳斥一项声明contradict oneself自相矛盾B.shapes shape the destiny of决定...的命运C.summarizes概述, 总结, 摘要而言D.exchanges交换, 调换, 兑换, 交流, 交易.exchange experience 交流经验5.Many professors encourage students to question and ____ their idearsA.convey vt.搬运, 传达, 转让I can't convey my feelings in words.我的情感难以言表。

2009年湖北博士入学考试英语湖北联考试题Part I Reading Comprehension (30 % )Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C，and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:In general，our society is becoming one of giant enterprise directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small，well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages，well-ventilated factories and piped music and by psychologists and "human-relation" experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless，that he does not whole heartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact，the blue and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets(木偶) who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.he workers and employees are anxiou，not only because they might find themselves out of a job；they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realties of human existence as emotionally a，R，d ih:'t-ellectually independent and productive human beings.Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious.Their lives are no less empty than those of their subodinates. They are even more insecure in some respects.They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job，they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again——by psychologists，for whom testing is a big business，and by their superiors，who judge their behavior，sociability，capacity to get along，etc.This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one's fellow-competitors creates constant anxiety and stress，the very causes of unhappiness and illness.Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to the 19th-century" free-enterprise" capitalism? Certainly not.Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities——those of love and of reason-are the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as a means to this end，and should be prevented from ruling man.1. By "a well-oiled cog in the machinery" the author intends to render the idea that man is.A.an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society，though functioning smoothlyB. a necessary part of the society though each individual's function is negligibleC. a humble component of the society，especially when working smoothlyD.working in complete harmony with the rest of the society2.The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that .A.they are faced with the fundamental realties of human existenceB.they are deprived of their independence and productivityC.they are likely to lose their satisfactory jobsD.they are farther away from genuine life3.Those who are on the higher social ladder would feel more peaceful and secure if they could.A.get higher salary and more self-respectB.have more chance to be further promotedC.prove better than their fellow-competitorsD.keep far away from this compititive world4.To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should .A.offer higher wages to the workers and employeesB.resort to the production mode of our ancestorsC.enable man to fully develop his potentialitiesD.take the fundamental realties for granted5.The author’s attitude towards industrialism might be best summarized as one of the .A.approvalB.dissatisfactionC.suspicionD.toleranceQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity，the number of species in a particular ecosystem，to the health of the Earth and human beings.Much has been written about the diversity of terrestrial organisms，particularly the exceptionally rich life associated with tropical rain-forest habitats. Relatively little has been said，however，about diversity of life in the sea even though coral reef systems are comparable to rain forests in terms ofrichness of life.An alien exploring the Earth would probably give priority to the planet's dominant，most distinctive feature-the ocean. Humans have a bias toward land that sometimes gets in the way of truly examining global issues. Seen from far away，it is easy to realize that landmasses occupy one-third of the Earth's surface. Given that two-thirds of the Earth's surface is water and that marine life lives at all levels of the ocean，the total three-dimensional living space of the ocean is perhaps 100 times greater than that of land and contains more than 90 percent of all life on Earth even though the ocean has fewer distinct specIes.The fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world's rain forests does not seem surprising，considering the huge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of species. One scientist found many different species of ants in just one tree from a rain forest. While every species is different from every other species，their genetic makeup constrains them to be insects and to share similar characteritics with 750,000 species ofinsects.If basic，broad categories such as phyla andclasses are given more emphasis than differentiating between species，then the greatest diversify of life is unquestionably the sea. Nearly every major type of plant and animal has some representation there.To appreciate fully the diversity of abundance of life in the sea，it helps to think small. Every spoonful of ocean water contains life on the order of 100 to 100000 bacterial cells plus assorted microscopics and animals，including larva's or organisms ranging from sponges and corals to starfish and clams and much more.6.What is the main point of the passage?A. Humans are destroying thousands of species.B. There are thousands of insect species.C.The sea is even richer in life than the mrlforests.D.Coral reefs are similar to rain forests.7.Why does the author compare coral reefs with rain forests(para. 1)?A.They share many similar species.B.They are approximately the same size.C.Most of their inhabitants require water.D.Both have many different forms of life.8.The passage suggests that most rain forest species are .A.insectsB.bacteriaC.mammalsD.birds9.The author argues that there is more diדersity of life in the sea than in the rain forest because .A. there are too many insects to make meaningful distinctionsB. more phyla and classes of life are represented in the seaC. many insect species are too small to divide into categoriesD. marine life-forms reproduce at a faster pace10. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the passage?A. Ocean life is highly adaptive.B. Ocean life is primarily composed of plants.C. The sea is highly resistant to the damage done by pollutants.D. More attention needs to be paid to preserving ocean species and habitats.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:Science is an enterprise concerned with gaining information about causality，or the relationship between cause and effect. A simple example of a cause is the movement of a paddle as it strikes a ping-pong ball; the effect is the movement of the ball through the air. In psychology and other sciences，the word "cause" is often replaced by the term “independent variable”.This term implies that the experimenter is often "free" to vary the independent variable as he or she desires (for example，the experimenter can control the speed of the paddle as it strikes the ball). The term“dependent variable”replaces the word"effect"，and this term is used because the effect，depends on some characteristic of the independent variable (the flight of the ball depends on the speed of the paddle). The conventions of science demand that both independent and dependent variables be observable events，as is the case in the ping-pong example. In the case of biorhythm theory，the independent variable is the number of days that have elapsed between a person's date of birth and some test day. The depedent variable is the person's level of performance on some specified task on the test. Notice that although the experimenter is not free to choose a birthday for a given individual，persons with different dates of birth can be tested on the same day, or a single subject can be tested on several different days.In order to predict the relationship between independent and dependent variables，many scientific theories make use of what are called intervening variables. Intervening variables are purely theoretical concepts that cannot be observed directly. To predict the flight of a ping-pong ball，Newtonian physics relies on a number of intervening variables; including force，mass，air resistance，and gravity. You can probably anticipate that the intervening variables of biorhythm theory are the three bodily cycles with their specified time periods.It should be emphasized that not all psychological theories include intervening variables，and some psychologists object to their use precisely because they are not directly observable.The final major component of a scientific theory is its syntax，or the rules and definitions that state how the independent and dependent variables are to be measured，and that specify the relationships among independent variables，intervening variables，anddependent variables.It is the syntax of biorhythm theory that describes how to use a person's birthday to calculate the current status of the three cycles. The syntax also relates the cycles to the dependent variable，performance，by stating that positive cycles should cause high levels of performance whereas low or critical cycles should cause low performance levels. To summarize，the components of a scientific theory can be divided into four major categories：independent variables，dependent variables，intervening variables，and syntax.11. Based on the passage，causality may have the meaning that .A. cause and effect can be independent of each otherB. there is hardly anything that happens without a causeC. dependent and independent variables affect each otherD. cause and effect may vary respectively in most events12. According to biorhythm theory，.A. one's behavior can be predicted by knowing his or her birhtdayB. nobody can choose his or her date of birth as he or she wishesC. an individual's performance is irrelevant to hisor her birthdayD. a person's level of performance varies according to the test date13. Many theories for predicting the relation ship between cause and effect .A. testify their complete conformity withgeneral scientific principlesB. justify the identity of dependent，independent，and intervening variablesC.specify the time periods of bodily cycles in terms of psychological testsD. verify their prediction by variables inconsisitent with conventions of science14. The example of the ping-pong ball used to .A. indicate a hard nut to crack in physicsB. predict variables in a person’s performanceC.prove a common feature most theories haveD. show the negligibility of intervening variables15. The word “syntax”used in the last paragraph refers to the.A. rules used for ordering and connecting words in a sentenceB. principles defining the connections among different variablesC. definitions describing the impact of biorhythm on one's behaviorD. criteria measuring a person's performance levels with biorhythmQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:Americans today don't place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes，entertainers，and entrepreneurs，not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education——not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren't difficult to find."Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual，" says education writer Diane Ravitch. "Schools could be a counterbalance. " Ravitch's latest book，Left Back：A Century of Failed School Reforms，traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools，concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically，to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others，they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path，says writer Earl Shorris，“we will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society.”“Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege，”write historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-intellectualism in American life，a Pulitzer Prize winnig book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in U. S. politics，religion，and education. From the beginning of our history，says Hofstadter，our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality，common sense，and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book. Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints of children: "Weare shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 1 0 or 15 years and cme out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing." Mark Twaill:ֺ‎f Iuckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism.Its hero avoids beingcivilized——going to school and learning to read——so he can preserve his innate goodness.Intellect，according to Hofstadter，is different from native intelligence，a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical，creative，and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp，manipulate，reorder，and adjust，while intellect examines，thinks，wonders，theorizes criticizes and imagines.School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our country's educational system is the grips of people who“joyfully and militantly proclaim theirhostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise.”16. What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?A. The habit of thinking independently.B. Profound knowledge of the world.C. Practical abilities for future career.D. The confidence in intellectual pursuits.17. We can learn from the passage that Americans have a history of.A. undervaluing intellectB. favoring intellectualismC. supporting school reformD. suppressing native intelligence18. The views of Ravitch and Emerson on schooling are .A. identicalB.similarC. complementaryD. opposite19. Emerson，according to the passage，is probably .A. a pioneer of education reformC. a scholar in favor of intellectB. an opponent of intellectualismD. an advocate of regular schooling20. What does the author think of intellect?A.It evolves from common sense.B.It is second to intelligence.D. It underlies power.C.It is to be pursued.Part II Vocabulary (15 % )Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are fourchoeces marked A，B，C and D. Choose th ONE that best completes the sentence.Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in thebrackets.21. In the process of acquiring knowledges，as much can be learned from seeking as from finding，from journeys as fromA. travelB. destination D. seeking D.seeking22. Weare meant to live dangerously and should not be sheltered. Life is a perilous adventure；its richness is in its .A. hazardsB. securityC. peaceD. length23. Mary thought she would never meet Tom again，but by a curiousthey finally met.A. coincidenceB. incidenceC. incidentD. accident24. The traffic police were searching for evidence to prove the accused man's guilt，but in.A. hollowB. emptyC. voidD. vain25. The team's efforts to score were by the opposing goalkeeper.A. surpassed C. frustrated D. furtheredB. doubled26. A friend may be ，casual，situational or deep and lasting.A. identicalB. originalC. superficialD. critical27. This is the industrialist's ：invest，and risk going bankrupt，or not invest and risk losing your share of the market.A. paradoxB. junctionC. premiseD. dilemma28. The key to success is remembering that every hurdle crossed is one less hurdle in the of your personal ambition.A. pursuitB.proportionC. promotionD. propulsion29. Although he did not state his opinion，thewas that he doubted my words.A. interruptionB. implicationC. impositionD. interaction30. My work with leaders from all walks of life has me that they were not born leaders-they are made.A. advocatedB. impliedC. convincedD. illustrated31. You can't let your eyes glide across the lines of a book and an understanding of what you have read.A. come up toB. come acrossC. come aroundD. come up with32. In the museum there is a of the ship Mayflower.A. supplementB. nucleusC. miniatureD.valve33. Employees are not slaves who must bear being order around. They would not put theirin their pocket.A. arroganceB. conceitC.prideD. prime34. This was conducted to find out how many people prefer TV serious to films.A. examinationB. inspectionC.analysisD. survey35. The statistical figures in that report are not. You should not refer to them.A. accurateB. fixedC. delicateD. rigid36. All theoriesfrom practice and in turn serve practice.A. originateB. restrainC.modifyD. reflect37. This research has attracted wide coverage and has been featured on BBC television’s Tomorrow’s World.A. messageB. imformationC. mediaD. data38. Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick upwonderful in the market.A. batteriesB. bargainsC. basketsD. barrels39. Amy was elected chairman of the committee by avote.A. ambiguousB. synonymousC. simultaneousD. unanimous40. Developments in ship design and construction methods came about into challenges encountered in trading.A.awarenessB. responseC. contrastD. agreement41.In many places£¬ illness was seen either as an invasion of the body by some poison or it was to the work of an angry god，malignant magic，or witchcraft.A. contributedB. attributedC. tributeD. distributed42. His new theory has caused an enormous throughout the civilized world.A.solidarity C. sermonB. sentimentD. sensation43. The captain of the ship entered the details in the .A. loungeB. logC. motelD. shipwreck44. Some 4 000 private importers，exporters and wholesalers were nationalized andinto a huge government monopoly，the State Trading Corp.A. incorporatedB. inclinedC. resignedD. resorted45. She has but a faint of dialectical materialism.A. sacrificeB. reactionC. notionD. clue46. among young people is difficult to expect or achieve.A. AssuranceB. ProbabilityC. RelianceD. ConfQrmity47. The swimming pool is the children's favorite in summer.A. cradleB. hauntC. headingD.hedge48. In of Mr. Mainwaring's years of service，the company presented him with agold watch.A. contradictionB. appreciationC.confrontationD. apprehension49. They their hunting skills for the life of settled farmers.A. forsookB. forgedC.sacrificedD. reserved50.If you can't give up smoking completely，at least try to.A. take downB. turn downC.cut downD. set downPart III Cloze (10 %)Directions: For each numbered braclE~("1h the following passage£¬ fill in a suitable word inthe blank on the ANSWER SHEET.Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many 51. The simple 52for this is that there more different ways of looking at things 53 in the first kind of society. There are more ideas，more disagreements 54 interest，and moregroups and organizations 55 different beliefs. In 56，there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in 57 societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by 58more areas of life to decision. In a simple-racial 59，there are 60 occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for61 because everything seems to be the same. And 62 conditions may not be satisfactory，they are at least customary and undisputed.Social change is also likely to occur more frequently and 63 in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material，for example£¬ in technology rather than in values；in the 64 basic and emotional aspects of society than in their opposites；in form rather than in 65；and in elements that are66to the culture rather than in strange elements.67，social change is easier if it is gradual. For example，it comes68 readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp differences. This is one reason why change has 69 come more quickly to Black Americans as 70 to other American minorities，because of sharp difference between them and their white counterparts.Part IV English-Chinese Translation (15 % )Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentencesinto Chinese on the ANSWER SHEET.I shall mention two or three matters in which the need for cooperation between philosophy and science is especially intimate. 71. Since scientific method depends upon first-hand experimental controlled experierices，any philosophic application of the scientific point of view will emphasize the need of such experiences in the school，as over against mere acquisition of ready-made information that is supplied in isolation from the students' own experIence. So far，it will be in line with what is called the "progressive" movement in education. But it will be an influence in counteracting any tendencies that may exist in progressive education to slight the importance of continuity in the experiences that are had and the importance of organization. Unless the scienceofeducation on its wn ground and behalf emphasizes subject-matters while contain within themselves the promise and power of continuous growth in the direction of organization，it is false to its own position as scientific. 72.In cooperationwith a philosophy of education，it can lend invaluable aid in seeing to it that the chosen subject-matters are also such that they progressively developtoward formation of attitudes of understanding the world in which students and teachers liveand woward forming the attitudes of purpose，desire and action which will make pupils effective in dealing with social conditions.Another point of common interest concerns the place in the schools of the sciences，especially the place of the habits which form scientific attitudes and methods. The sciences had to battle against powerful enemies to obtain recognition in the curriGulum. In a formal sense，the battle has been won，but not yet in a substantial sense. For scientific subject- matter is still more or less isolated as a special body of facts" and truths. 73.The full victory will not be won until every subject and lesson is taught in connection with its bearing upon creation and growth of the kind of power of observation，inquiry，reflection and testing that are the heart of scientific intelligence.Experimental philosophy is at one with the genuine spirit of a scientific attitude in the endeavor to obtain for scientific method this central placein education.Finally, the science and philosophy of educatin can and should work together in overcoming the split between knowledge and action, betreen theory and practive, which now affects both education and society so seriously and harmfully.Indeed it is not too much to say that institution of a happy marriage between theory and practice is in the end the chief meaning of a acence and a philosophy of education that work together for common ends.Part V Chises-English Translation(15%)Directions：Translate the following paragraph into English and write youyr translation on the ANSER SHEET.一本好书就是一位益友。

试卷一(Paper One)Section APart I Listening Comprehension (30%)Directions: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speaker. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said. The question will be read only once, after you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:You will read: Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven't had a bite all day. Question: What's the matter with the woman?A. She is sick.B. She is bitten by an ant.C.She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Now let's begin with question Number1.1.A. John failed the exam. B. John didn't take the exam. Sample AnswerA B ● DC. John passed the exam, but scored low.D. It took John a long time to pass the exam.2.A. To travel by train. B. To go by taxiC. To go hikingD. To rent a car.3. A. 1-231-555-1212. B. 1-213-555-2112.C. 1-213 -555-1212.D. 1-231-555-2112.4.A. Morning sickness. B. A frequent headache.C. A pain in her right leg.D. A boring hospitalization.5.A. Doctor and patient. B. Boss and secretary.C. Agent and customer.D. Driver and passenger.6.A. To buy another pair of shoes. B. To help his brother right away.C. To turn to his brother for help.D. To seek advice from the woman.7.A. He is offering a piece of advice. B. He is examining a patient.C. He is attending his daughter.D. He is taking a patient's history.8.A. To ask the man to call her back. B. To go to the botanic garden.C. To do some gardening.D. To play tennis.9.A. Louise is not a new comer. B. Louise loves being a nurse.10. A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Seven.11. A. She has thrown out of the car. B. She was knocked down by the car.C. She hit her head on the steering wheel.D. She got the steering wheel in her chest.12. A. She overacted to the man. B. She cried over her failure.C. She made a success of her diet.D. She was jealous of the man.13. A. He hates those who fool around. B. He will never try the stuff.C. He will shoot any drug dealer.D. He regrets having tried the stuff.14. A. The opposite to the man's expectation. B. A quicker recovery than expected.C. A pair of mismatching boots.D. Her healthy pregnancy.15. A. He will do as requested. B. He will not join the team.C. The woman is crazy about him.D. The woman has trouble standing.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages,after each of which,you will hear five questions. After each question,read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and ask the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Dialogue16. A. For the purpose of diagnosis confirmation.B. For the possibility of legal trouble.C. For the doctor’s investigation.D. For the patient’s future use.17. A. He has got cancer in his pancreas. B. He falls with a stomach problem.C. He suffers from fatigue.D. He has a loss of weight.18. A. See a dietician. B. Have an operation.C. Start chemotherapy.D. Take medication for pain relieve.19. A. A couple of years. B. More than5 years.C. A couple of months.D. Approximately 5 years.20. A. Suspicious. B. Anxious. C. Hesitant. D. Factual.Passage One21. A. Life evolution. B. Space exploration,C. Extraterrestrial lifeD. Unknown flying objects22. A. His 50th birthday.B.NASA'S 5s0inanniversary.C.The University's 50th anniversary.D.The US Cosmology Association's 50th Anniversary.23. A. Even primitive life is impossible.B.Intelligent life is fairy common.C.Intelligent life is less likely.D.Any form of life is possible.24. A. Nuclear weapons. B. Alien kidnapping.25. A. Ironic. B. Negative. C. Indifferent. D. Supportive. Passage Two26. A. Obese people need more food. B. Obese people require more fuel.C. Obesity contributes to global warming.D. Obesity is growing as a global phenomenon.27. A. Limited living space.B.Crowded shopping malls.C.Food shortage and higher energy prices.D.Incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.28. A. Over 700 million. B. Over 400 million.C. Over 2.3 billion.D. Over 3 billion.29. A. 1800 calories. B. 1 280 calories. C. 1680 calories. D. 2 960 calories.30. A. Climate change. B. The fall of food prices.C. A rise in energy prices.D. An increasing demand for food.Part ⅡVocabulary (10%)Section ADirections: In this section, all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence, then mark your answer on the ANSWEB SHEET.31.The conditions and places are likely to cause diseases.A.unsanitaryB. insidiousC. insaneD. inefficacious32.The witness was by the judge for failing to answer the question.A.abstainedB. acquittedC. admonishedD. adduced.33.He has two cars this year because of traffic accidents.A.pulled ofB. worn-outC. passed outD. written off34.People are much better informed since the of the Internet.A.convenientB. adventC. interfaceD. aftermath35.All instruments that come into contact with the patient must be before being used byothers.A.SterilizedB. labeledC. quarantinedD. retained36.By adopting this cunning policy, the clinic risks many of its patients.A.AcquittingB. allocatingC. alleviatingD. alienating37.Humor can also be a powerful against stress and misfortune.A.BraveryB. blossomC. bufferD. buffet38.Diabetes upsets the of sugar, fat and protein.A.MetastasisB. metabolismC. malaiseD. maintenance39.The muscular can affect the way we feel mentally.40.Evidence is widespread that HIV-infected persons show to their unsafe behavior.A.respond toB. reflect onC. wipe outD. put offSection BDirections: Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose the word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.41.Memory can be both enhanced and impaired by use of drugs.A.inhibitedB. inuredC. inducedD. intervened42.Is it true that this is the major drawback of the new medical plan?A.defectB. assistanceC. culpritD. triumph43.The physician was becoming exasperated with all the questions they were asking.A.frustratedB. perplexedC. irritatedD. crippled44.We were shocked at the physician's callous disregard for the human dimension of medic.A.involuntaryB. apparentC. deliberateD. indifferent45.For years, biologists have known that chimpanzees and even some monkeys produce a pantingsound akin to human laughter.A.rockingB. gaspingC. vibratingD. resonating46.Everybody at the party was in a very relaxed and jolly mood.A.rejoicingB. reconcilingC. refreshingD. resenting47.The bacterial infection is curable with judicious use of antibiotics.A.impudentB. imprudentC. purulentD. prudent48.He tried to run, but he was hampered by his broken leg.A.endangeredB. enduredC. encounteredD. encumbered49.The whole holiday was a colossal waste of money.A.consecutiveB. ConductiveC. considerateD. considerable50.The idea of correcting defective genes is net particularly controversial in the scientificcommunity.A.inevitableB. applicableC. DisputableD.incrediblePart ⅢCloze (10%)Directions: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D on the right side.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Every day, over a million people log onto different Internet-based games. There is truly something for everyone in the gaming world. Games provide a quick escape from 5l ,Game developers are the new breed of storytellers, creating alternative 52 .Games represent the ultimate interactive movie, allowing the user to control the direction of the plot.home,we have PC or video game consoles 53 , a desktop or laptop computer can be loaded with OS-bundled games or Web-based freebies. Ever while traveling, there are many wireless computers, portable devices,wireless phones and PDAs 54 .Games are now pushing back all the 55 once placed upon then by technology, category, realism, location and time. These advances are helping to push games into the 56 of virtual reality. Thus, the stuff of science fiction novels is gradually emerging,the graphic aspects of the game quickly 57 . Initially, electronic games involved 58 moving blocks across a TV or computer screen. 59 the vast increases in processing power, games are quickly approaching three-dimensional realism.This power allows a developer to create a 60 world where a gamer can look around in full 360-degree vision.51. A. society B. reality C. dream D. illusion52. A. approaches B. characters C. wolds D. mazes53. A. in general B. at present C. in reality D. at work54. A. to choose from B. to choose. C. choosing from D. chosen55. A. defects B. drawbacks C. limitations D. disadvantages56. A. room B. realm C. range D. boundary57. A. evolves B. evolving C. evolved D. evolve58. A. simply B. readily C. exceptionally D. simultaneously59. A. Aiding by B.To aid by C. Aided by D.To be aided by60. A. human B. original C. realistic D. microscopicPart ⅣReading Comprehension (30 %)Directions: In this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneToo much alcohol dulls your senses,but a study in Japan shows that moderate drinkers have a higher IQ than teetotalers.Researchers at the National Institute for Longevity Sciences in Aichi Prefecture, 250 kilometers west of Tokyo, tested the IQs of 2 000 people between the ages of 40 and 79. They found that, on average, men who drank moderately——defined as less than 50 milliliters of sake or wine a day had an IQ that was 3.3 points higher than men who did not drink at all. Women drinkers scored 2.5 points higher than female teetotalers.The type of alcohol didn't influence the results. The volunteers tried a variety of tipples,which ranged from beer and whisky to wine and sake.The researchers are quick to point out that the results do not necessarily show that drinking will make you more intelligent."It's very difficult to show a cause-effect relationship," says senior researcher Hiroshifactors such as if lifestyle and nutritional intake."Shimokata says that people who drink sake, or Japanese rice wine, tend to eat more raw fish. This could be a factor in enhanced intelligence, as fish often contains essential fatty acids that have been linked to brain development. Similarly,wine drinkers eat a lot of cheese, which is not something Japanese people normally consume or buy. Shimokata says the high fat content of cheeses thought to be good for the brain.If alcoholic drinks are directly influencing IQ, Shimokata believes chemicals such as polyphenols could be the critical factor. They are known to have antioxidant properties and other beneficial effects on ageing bodies, such as dilating constricted coronary arteries.The study is the part of a wider research project to find out why brain function deteriorates with age.61.The Japanese study was carried out on .A.the development of IQB. the secret of longevityC. the brain food in a glassD. the amount of healthy drinking62.The Japanese researchers found a higher IQ in .A.female teetotalers than in male onesB. female drinkers than in male onesC. moderate drinkersD. teetotalers63.When he says that it is very difficult to show cause-effect relationship,Shimokata meansthat .A.the study failed to involve such variables as income and educationB.he is doubtful of the findings of the investigationC.there are some other contributing factorsD.the results were just misleading64.From Shimokata's mention of fish and cheese we can infer that in enhancing intelligence .A.sake or wine is a perfect match for fish and cheeseB.they promote the drinking effect of sake or wineC.they are not as effective as sake and wineD.sake or wine is not alone65.Based on the study, Shimokata would say that .A.intelligence improves with ageB.IQ can be enhanced in one way or anotherC.polyphenols in alcohol may boost the brainD.alcoholic drinks will make you more intelligentPassage TwoWomen do not avoid fighting because they are dainty or scared,but because they have a greater stake than men in staying alive to rear their offspring. Women compete with each other just as tenaciously as men,but with a stealth and subtlety that reduces their chances of being killed orAcross almost all cultures and nationalities, men have a much smaller role than women in rearing children."Males go for quantity of children rather than quality of care for offspring,which means that the parental investment of women is much greater," says Campbell. And unlike men, who can't be sure that their children have not been fathered on the sly by other men, women can always be certain that half an offspring's genes are theirs.Women have therefore evolved a strong impulse than men to see their children grow up into adults. Men's psychological approach is geared to fathering as many children as possible.To make this strategy work and to attract partners, men need to establish and advertise their dominance over rival makes. Throughout evolution this has translated into displays of male aggression,ranging in scale from playground fights to world wars.Men can afford to take more risks because as parents they are more expendable.Women, meanwhile,can only ensure reproductive success by overseeing the development of their children, which means avoiding death."The scale of parental investment drives everything," says Campbell. “It’s not that women are too scared to fight," she says."It's more to do with the positive value of staying alive, and women have an awfully big stake not just in offspring themselves but in offspring they might have in the future,"she says.This means that if women do need to compete—perhaps for a partner—they choose low-risk rules of engagement. They use indirect tactics,such as discrediting rivals by spreading malicious rumors. And unlike men who glory in feats of dominance,women do better by concealing their actions and their "victories".But there is no doubt, says Campbell,that the universal domination of culture by males has exaggerated these differences in attitudes to physical aggression."The story we've always been told is that females are not aggressive,"says Campbell. And when they are aggressive; women are told that their behavior is "odd or abnormal".66.For the sake of their children, according to Campbell, women .A.are reluctant to start warsB.cannot avoid being dainty or scaredC.would rather get killed or injured in fightingD.do not fight with men under any circumstances67.It can be learned from the passage that men and women .A.present different family values in the worldB.show definite differences in parenting skillsC.are genetically conditioned in educating their childrenD.take different psychological approaches to their children68.Which of the following would men most probably be concerned about according to the passage?69.To avoid death, women .A.cannot afford to confront risksB.choose to fight in a violent wayC.try to seek protection from menD.would resort to the "odd or abnormal" tactics70.What is the main idea of the passage?A.Why men and women possess different parenting skills.B.Why men are more aggressive than women.C.Why women evolve in their own way.D.Why women do not start fights.Passage ThreeThe first line reads: “she sits on the bed with a helpless expression. What is your name? Auguste. Last name? Auguste. What is your husband's name? Auguste, I thinik.” The 32 pages of medical records that follow are the oldest medical description of Alzheimer's disease.Psychiatrist Konrad Maurer and his colleagues at Johann Wolfgan Goethe University in Frankfurt found the file in their hospital's archive,where it had been missing for nearly 90 years, and published experts from it last May in The Lancet. The notes, in a cramped,archaic German script,were written by Alois Alzheimer the physician who first described the disease.His patient, Auguste D,was a 51-year-old woman who had suffered fits of paranoid jealousy and memory lapses so disturbing that her family finally brought her to a local hospital known as the Castle of the Insane. Over the next four years Alzheimer tracked her condition. Upon her death he examined her brain tissue and found the distinctive lesion that are now hallmark of the disease.Today Azheimer's afflicts some 4 million Americans. Although it still cannot be cured, or even treated very well, several recent studies hint that some treatments-from estrogen to vitamin E to anti-inflammatory drugs—can reduce either the risk of developing the disorder or its symptoms. And more is being learned about its distinctive pathology.This past year, for instance, researchers discovered a new kind of lesion in Alzheimer's patients. A genetic study also pinpointed a mutation that is present in some 60 percent of them—a mutation in the DNA of mitochondria, the energy-producing organelles of the cells.But nearly a century ago, it was Alois Alzheimer who first described the disease an in so doing be- came one of the first physicians to offer a biological basis for a psychiatric condition. Finding the file, Maurer says,"is like holding history in your hands."71.Obviously, the discovery of the missing file of A uguste D .A.adds credit to Alois AlzheimerB.sheds doubt on the first description of Azheimer'sC.presents a big challenge to the medical communityD.has a great impact on the development of a cure for Azheimer'sA.can be found in the missing fileB.could have been confirmed decades agoC.are wrongly described in the missing fileD.even puzzle the medical community today73.The findings of the research on Atzheimer's .A.sound encouragingB.took more time than expectedC.were ascribed to the missing fileD.will bring about a cure in no time74.When he says that finding the file is like holding history in your hands. Maurer means .A.his assurance of the historical findingB.his further studies on Alzheimer'sC.the beauty of the medical historyD.the importance of imagination75.Which of the following can best be the title for the passage?A.The Physician Who First Described Altzheimer'sB.The Recent Studies on Alzhelmer'sC.The Missing File of Auguste DD.The History of PsychiatricsPassage FourDry-cleaning machines that use liquid carbon dioxide as a solvent will go on sale in the U.S.next year thanks to chemists in North Carolina who have developed CO2-soluble detergents. Dry-cleaners will lose their characteristic smell, and the new process will cut the amount of toxic waste produced in cleaning clothes.Joseph DeSimone, a chemist at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, says liquid CO2, is an ideal solvent because after cleaning,the CO2 can be evaporated off, collected, liquefied and reused.The problem in developing the process, says DeSimone, has been that CO2 by itself is not a good solvent. However, he points out that no much dissolves in water without the help of detergents, yet water is the most common solvent. What CO2 needed, he thought,was the right detergent.Detergent molecules such as those in washing-up liquid have two chemically distinct ends: one has a liking for water, the other sticks to dirt. Normal detergents do not dissolve in liquid CO2, so DeSimone created three CO2-soluble detergents. One end of the detergents has a fluorocarbon group,which makes them soluble in CO2.The otter end is soluble in water, oil or silicone, depending on the type of dirt being removed. The person doing the dry-cleaning has to decide which of the detergents is best for the job.DeSimone's company, MiCell,will start selling liquid CO,dry-cleaning machines next year.according to a spokesman for MiCell.Most dry-cleaners currently use chlorinated hydrocarbons such as perchloroethylene. But the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is clamping down on the toxic waste emission this produces. After cleaning with the new machines, the liquid CO2, is evaporated and collected for reuse,leaving a residue of detergent and dirt.Brad Lienhart, president of MiCell, says that cutting waste and pollution is the company's strongest selling point."Dry-cleaner owners are saying 'get this burden off my back'," he says. He hopes to sell a hundred machines in the first year of business. About 15 000 conventional dry-cleaning machines are sold around the world every year. Buster Bell,who owns Bell Laundry and Dry Cleaning in South Carolina, says the MiCell technology looks competitive, and he likes the reduced environmental impact. "You really don' t know what is coming from the EPA," he says.76.The passage begins with .A.a commercial advertisementB. a horrible warningC. sale promotionD. good news77.What is the liquid CO2 for?A.Better cleaning clothes.B.Helping recycle dry cleaners.C.Dissolving the toxic waste from dry cleaning.D.Reducing the toxic emission from dry cleaning.78.The right detergent for CO2 .A.makes dry cleaning easyB. must be chemically solubleC. is chemically of two purposesD. means a right person for dry-cleaning79.When they are saying "get this burden off my back," the dry-cleaner owners refer to .A.the competition in the business of dry cleaningB.the pressure from EPAC.their potential profitD.their selling point80.What is the strongest selling point of the MiCell technology according to Lienhart?A.It will promote dry-cleaning business.B. It is environment-friendly.C. It costs less in the market.D. All of the above.Passage FiveThe alarm on our household computer terminal rings and wakes me up. My husband simply stirs and goes back to sleep. I transfer today's information onto the personal data card I carry with me everywhere and scan today's readings. Values are given as to the number of liters of water I can use the amount of coal-generated electricity I have allocated and how many "envirocredits" I have earned.I am free to use the water and electricity as I chose, however I notice that the ration ofenough envirocredits to buy another solar panel. Envirocredits are earned by buying goods with limited or no packaging, minimizing the amount of garbage thrown out by financially supporting "environtechnology". Before cars were phased out due to unpopularity credits could be gained by using public transport.I notice an extra passage added to the readings. At last I have been given permission to have a child. Almost instantaneously a package arrives with a label on it:"Anti-sterilization Unit".Inside there are instructions and a small device that looks like a cross between a pistol and a syringe. Eagerly I follow the instructions. The procedure is painless and I don't know if I am imagining it but I seem to feel the effects at once.Shaken my husband awake, I tel him the good news.I want to get started baby-making right now."You've been on the waiting list for 37 years,"he says."Can't you wait until I've woken up properly?"I decide that I probably don't have much choice and wander downstairs.I am feeling very privileged to have the opportunity to create a new life. It is saddening, however,when I realize that, because of strict population controls,this new life will be replacing an old one.I decide to ring my mother and tell her the good news. When she answers the phone she is crying. She has received word that my grandmother has failed her latest heath check and will be euthanized next week.For some reason, I don't feel like creating that new life anymore.81.Based on today's data, the wife will .e up all the envirocredits she earnedB.make arrangements with her husband for the dayC.be allowed to use a certain amount of water and electricityD.do as required to generate enough water and electricity for the day82.According to the passage, envirocredits go to those who .A.recycle their garbage at homeB.limit themselves to solar energyC.push environtechnology forwardD.do something environment-friendly83.The effects the wife is feeling at once following the instructions refer to .A.the desire to make a babyB.the permission to make a babyC.the device to help her make a babyD.the consequences of making a baby84.The good news for the wife changes into bad news because .A.she has to wait for another 37 yearsB.to create a new life is to replace an old oneD.today she is not healthy enough to make a baby85.What is the passage?A.It is a scenario.B. It is a true story.C. It is a piece of news.D. It is a scientific report.Passage SixJust because you're better educated doesn't mean that you're any more rational than everyone else, no matter how hard you may try to give that impression.Take the selection of lottery numbers. A survey in Florida described at this year's annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science shows that better educated people try to use random number systems to pick their lottery numbers.Despite the apparent logic of choosing random numbers, however, their chances of winning are no better than those ordinary folk who use birthdays,anniversaries and other "lucky"dates. Nor are they better off than those who draw on omens and intuitions, picking numbers seen on car number-plates and in dreams. But no doubt they feel a lot more rational.That appearance of "rationality" may be a dangerous thing. Scientists are not immune to subtle and subjective influences on their judgments. Take the data from a survey of the public and member of the British Society of Toxicology discussed at the same meeting.The survey showed that most people agree with the view that animals can be used to help predict how human will react to chemicals,and that if a chemical causes cancer in an animal, we can be "reasonably sure" it will cause cancer in humans. The toxicologists, however, are more circumspect. They accept the first statement but less likely to agree that if a chemical causes cancer in an animal, it will do so in a human.Can this difference be attributed to their expertise? Perhaps But consider the considerable variation among toxicologists: those who were young, female, working in academia rather than industry or who felt that technology is not always used for the good of all were more likely to agree that what causes cancer in an animal will cause cancer in a human.Maybe we need to think more about how who we are affects our "rational" decisions.86.According to the Florida-based survey, those who are better educated feel a lot more ratioabout the way they .A.look at the worldB. use logic in doing scienceC. choose their lottery numbersD. use numbers professionally and personally87.Actually, the selection of random numbers .A.does not work any better than the use of omens and intuitionsB.stands more chance of winning a lottery in the United StatesC.is wrongly appreciated by rational peopleD.is widely practiced in lottery88.What are the survey data suggesting in the passage?。