附录(中英文对照)
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附录The strategy and technique that bids to quoteBid to quote the victory or defeat of the petition, can win a mark, not only be decided by the petitor's economic power and technique level, but also still Be decided to pete whether strategy exactitude and bid to quote of technique usage whether ually under the circumstance, other condition homologies, quote to lowestly usually win.But, this offer that isn't absolute, have isn't high, but still keep canning not getting the trust of inviting bids the unit, its reason lies in bid the unit could not lift to be advantageous to inviting bids unit of reasonable suggestion, can't make use of to bid the technique and strategy for quoting, as a result, can not win a mark.Therefore, invite bids to bid activity in have to study is biding to quote medium instruction thought, offer strategy, mark technique.Is so-called to bid to quote strategy, mean to bid the unit makes sure under the legal petition condition, according to the real strenght and condition of oneself of bid target, pete counterplan and offer ly decide to bid to quote behavioral decision thinking and activity, include to bid to quote target, counterplan and technique three main factors.Saying towards biding unit ing is controling the information dynamic state of rival and relevant data behind, generally is at to bid to quote strategy because of with each other vegetable prehensive analytical foundation up, whether decision takes part in to bid to quote;Make sure after deciding to take part in to bid to quote what kind of bid target;Adopt in the petition what counterplan with win a rival, attain a medium object purpose.This kind of research is analytical, the concrete process that draws up to bid to quote strategy.Bid to quote a target is bid the unit is by particularly biding to conduct;Make use of the management condition and advantage of oneself, pass the means of petition tries hard for the benefits target for attaining.This benefits target is to bid unit management instruction thought of concrete embodiment, is also bid core main factor and choice of quoting the strategy to pete a counterplan and quote the basis of technique.The research bids to quote strategy to bid to quote a target beginning from the analysis, research concerning the petition counterplan, the fitting use quotes technique and forms biding of a set of integrityto quote strategy and actually wins an object purpose now.A, bid the choice target for quotingBecause biding the management ability of unit is different from the condition, proceed from a different purpose demand, to the same invitation to bid item, can have the dissimilarity the choice for biding to quote a target.(A)existence type.Bid to quote is with overe business enterprise existence crisis for target, fighting for the medium mark can take no account of various benefits principles.(Two)pensate a type.Bid to quote with pensate business enterprise task shortage, with pursue limit efficiency for target.To the engineering equipments bid is a little bit greatly passionate, low offer take lossing in business as price, have a very strong petition ability.But be subjected to restriction of the production ability, should only consider in smaller invitation to bid item.(Three)development type.Bid to quote to expand a market, backlog experience, backward and continuously bid the item development as target.Bid to take a development, provide for gold, technique devotion means, carry on technique experience storage, set up new market image, in order to contend for follow-up the efficiency for biding.Its characteristics is to don't fix attention on to bid at a time efficiency, bid with the low offer attraction unit.(Four)petition type.It is to take petition as means to bid to quote, take low earnings as a target, offer is at accurate calculation offer cost foundation up, well quote the offer target of each rival attains by having the offer of petition ability medium object purpose.Throw mark offer to express aggressive participation consciousness to the engineering equipments.(Five)earnings type.Bid to throw price to well develop oneself advantage, take realization's best earnings as a target, bid unit to efficiency without item enthusiasm of attraction not high, be full of self-confidence to the earnings big item, also not too pay attention to the motive analysis to the rival and counterplan to grind to investigate.The dissimilarity bids to quote the choice of the target according to the certain condition carry on analytical decided.pete sex to bid to quote a target is bid the universal form that the unit pursues.Two, decide to choose the factor of quoting the target of bidingMake sure what kind of biding and quoting the target not is to follow one's inclinations, arbitrarily choose.Want to study to invite bids item first in the technique,economy, and business...etc. various various request, secondly is the technique, economy that analyzes an oneself and manage various various advantage and shortage, however after together bid oneself condition to item request to be one by one carry on checking against, make sure that the oneself is biding to quote medium petition position, draw up to beneficially bid to quote a target.This analysis and check against to mainly consider a following factor.(A)technique material the ability and worker's technique operate level.Bid the technique condition of item, give to bid the unit make the request of corresponding the technique material ability and worker technique operation level.If can not adapt to, need to be renewed or lately place a technique equipments, carry on a technique training to the worker, or outsource and at outside the organization buy, therefore bid the unit have disability or from here arouse of the variety of offer cost, all directly influence to bid the choice of target.Whereas, have a biding of high technique material and operation ability, the unit accepts a load of technique level lower engineering item, the efficiency chooses to equally have already pared the general situation limit.(Two)design ability.The engineering designs usually is bid the item constitute part, in the synthetic invitation to bid item, design work request and more important position of the workload occupancy, biding the design ability of unit can adapt to the request of inviting bids the item, directly decide to throw an object method and bid the choice of target, design ability that adapts to invite bids engineering, can well develop the advantage of biding the unit, Be signed to a petition of active position.(Three)acquaint with procedure to the invitation to bid item.Is so-called to acquaint with degree is bid the unit is past to this engineering item whether accepted to once set up, the backlog had what experience, predict that the ability of risk contains much big etc..The item acquaints with and then can strengthen confidence and ease risk loss, may well can extend the petition ability for biding.The item doesn't acquaint with, will well consider can not to see of risk factor, provide guarantee measure and design to meet an emergency ability.This means increasing of indirect devotion and has a certain difficulty in biding target choice.(Four)bid the item can bring of later on opportunity, so-called later on opportunity, be bid unit in the middle of fighting for mark after, probably to continuous from now on bid to take of medium mark opportunity, or in aftertime to similar item in the middle of adopting while biding mark occupy beneficial position.If with empress opportunity more, to bidunit's setting up image is as beneficial as extension market and so invite bids to this the item does some concessions to attain on the economic benefits medium the mark purpose is also beneficial.If the opportunities are few, so weigh consideration to the economic efficiency important step for biding later on.(Five)bid the exit opportunity that the item may bring.Extend an international market, fight for bid in the nations in have position is bid the unit pursue of important target, to can bid for nations to win victory to bring greater opportunity of bid item, undoubtedly biding the unit should test the problem of Lyu first.It decides to this bid item realistic efficiency of low level choice.(Six)bid the production quality that the item may bring to raise.Bid the item on the other hand need mutually acmodative production material and labor technical ability, may also give to bid the unit bring a technical progress on the other hand, the exaltation of strengthening of management level and work quality, this kind of amount of quality high degree, undoubtedly bid the unit is interested in, directly influence it bids the decision of earnings target.(Seven)bid the cost that the item may bring lower an opportunity and bid unit after fighting for in the mark, in the process of fulfilling contract in, generally speaking, each management raises of the prehensive achievement will directly reflect opportunity and degree that lower in the cost up, biding the pletion of item can for with after contract for management to bring cost to lower more and bigger opportunity, will also influence to bid unit to bid the decision of earnings target.(Eight)bid the petition degree of item.The so-called petition degree means that amount and each petition bidder of unit that participate in to bidOf motive and target.It wears to bid unit efficiency from the external check and supervision target choice of proper restraint.The petition of biding es to a decision to bid the unit has to take internal condition as foundation while biding and take petition in the market as to lead to and draw up exactitude of bid target.Bid unit to the dissimilarity to say in addition, such as contract for engineering to deliver goods condition, method of payment, history experience, risk etc. is all factor that influences to bid a target choice, have important function to the decision that chooses to bid a target thus.Three, decide to bid the quantity of target factor turns analysisDecide to bid the factor of target generally be not stand alone an occurrence functionof, bid unit to the dissimilarity to say, each is different to bid the decision factor of item influence degree and function direction are also different.Have to take into overall balance, prehensive consideration.Here, a very important technique problem is to chase a not parable various phenomenon factor and has been analyzed the conversion turn a factor for the quantity that can pare and use a calculation opportunity to bid to always divide the method of value, the concrete assurance bids the choice of target.Its procedure is:(A)according to biding unit circumstance, the concrete assurance participation quantity turns an analytical basic factor.The quantity turns the choice of analyzing the factor, according to biding the different circumstance decision of item, can reflect production, management, technique and quality each on the side, and hold tight vital link.(Two)turn an analysis factor to the quantity for making selection, measure it to produce the opposite and important degree in the management in the business enterprise, make sure to add a power number respectively, the power counts total amount to 100.(Three)use to beat to divide a method to measure to bid the contented degree that the item turns to analyze a factor to the quantity, make sure that its opposite cent is worth.Turn each quantity the factor demarcation is Gao(10 divide) and medium(5 divide) and low(0 divide) three fileseses to beat a cent, easy to parison.For example, bid existing technique material of unit the ability and worker operate level to judge the opposite cent value of the factor to divide for"Gao", settling to 10 towards pleting to bid item to have a little bit greatly maying, then canning.(Four)make the power number of each factor judging the opposite cent value of the grade of satisfying the degree with multiply each other, beg getting a goal of an each factor;Get a goal each factor to mutually add, get the total cent of this engineering equipments item opportunity to bid to be worth.For example:Some engineering equipments item opportunity to bid evaluation.(Five)divide the engineering equipments item opportunity to bid to always be worth 825 cent together bid unit in advance certain of can accept best quotation the value carry on a parison for cent, assurance whether participation bid to quote and how quote.(namely basis what kind of the target quote)Generally speaking:①opportunity to bid always when cent's being worth is lower than to schedule to best quotation to be worth for cent can choose to give up the opportunity to quote of biding;Opportunity to bid always divide is higher than to schedule to a best quotation score, can decide to participate in to bid to quote.②s always divide Gao Chu to schedule to in the opportunity to bid the zone of best quotation score in, choose to bid the ideal target for ually the zone is big more, the opportunity of choice is many more, and the scope is big more;The zone is small more, the opportunity of choice is little more, and the scope is small more.投标报价的策略与技巧投标报价竞争的胜负,能否中标,不仅取决于竞争者的经济实力和技术水平,而且还决定于竞争策略是否正确和投标报价的技巧运用是否得当。
附录1分布式发电IEEE1547 技术标准主要内容(中英文对照)1.V oltage regulationThe DR shall not actively regulate the voltage at the PCC. The DR shall not cause the Area EPS service voltage at other Local EPSs to go outside the requirements of ANSI C84.1-1995,Range A.ANSI C84.1 Range A voltage limits:These requirements vary from state to state and may be different from those specified in ANSI C84.1-2006. The maximum permissible deviation from nominal system voltage at the PCC is typically 5%. 1.电压调整分布式电源的接入不应该引起接入点电压的变化。
分布式电源的接入不能使区域电网的工作电压超出C84.1-1995,Range A标准的要求。
C84.1-1995,Range A对电压的要求:地区之间要求各不相同,与C84.1-2006标准中的内容也不尽相同。
接入点的电压与系统参考电压的最大允许偏离值一般为参考电压的5%。
2.Integration with area EPS groundingThe grounding scheme of the DR interconnection shall not cause overvoltages that exceed the rating of the equipment connected to the Area EPS and shall not disrupt the coordination of the ground-fault protection on the Area EPS.2.与区域电网接地保护的配合分布式互连系统的接地方案不能使连接到区域电网的设备在任何运行方式下出现过电压,而且不能让区域电网的接地保护误动作。
EUROPEAN COMMISSION欧盟委员会HEALTH AND CONSUMERS DIRECTORATE-GENERAL卫生与消费者协会Public Health and Risk Assessment公共卫生与风险评估Pharmaceuticals药品Brussels,SANCO/C8/AM/sl/ares(2010)1064599EudraLexThe Rules Governing Medicinal Products in the European Union欧盟药品生产规范Volume 4卷4Good Manufacturing PracticeMedicinal Products for Human and Veterinary Use人用与兽用药品良好生产管理规范Annex 11: Computerised Systems附件11:计算机系统Legal basis for publishing the detailed guidelines: Article 47 of Directive2001/83/EC on the Community code relating to medicinal products for human use and Article 51 of Directive 2001/82/EC on the Community code relating to veterinary medicinal products. This document provides guidance for the interpretation of the principles and guidelines of good manufacturing practice (GMP) for medicinal products as laid down in Directive 2003/94/EC for medicinal products for human use and Directive 91/412/EEC for veterinary use.依法发布的具体指导方针:2001/83/EC第47条人用药品规范和2001/82/EC第51条兽用药品规范。
附录六植物名称中英文对照表(按中文拼音顺序排列)阿米芹Bishop's Weed矮牵牛Petunia艾菊T ansy八角茴香Anise白菊Feverfew白三叶White Clover百里香Thyme蓖麻Castor Bean扁竹Common Knotweed滨藜Saltbush波斯菊Cosmos草木樨Sweet Clover除虫菊Pyrethrum川芎Lovage刺槐Black Locust大果田菁Hemp Sesbania当归Angelica地三叶草Subterranean Clover 番红花Crocus粉蝶花Baby-Blue-Eyes覆盆子Raspberry 高粱Sorghum葛缕子Caraway海带Kelp旱金莲Nasturtium黄春菊Golden Marguerite茴香Fennel加拿大接骨木Blue Elderberry剑兰Gladiolus豇豆Cowpea绛车轴草Crimson Clover洁顶菊Tidy Tip金鸡菊Coreopsis金盏菊Pot marigold菊花Chrysanthemum辣根、山葵、山萝卜Horseradish 留兰香Spearmint琉璃苣Borage柳树Willow龙蒿T arragon芦笋Asparagus罗勒Basil马齿苋Purslane马利筋Butterfly Weed猫薄荷,猫草Catnip毛木兰Hairy Indigo毛叶苕子Hairy Vetch迷迭香Rosemary牛膝草Hyssop牛至Oregano荠菜Sheperd's purse千鸟草Larkspur牵牛花Morning Glory荨麻Stinging Nettle青蒿Southernwood秋葵Okra伞形蜂蜜花Candytuft沙棘,鼠李草Buckthorn 圣叶樱桃Hollyleaf Cherry 蓍草Yarrow莳萝Dill鼠尾草Sage天人菊Gaillardia土木香Helenium万寿菊Marigold卫矛Euonymus细叶芹Chervil夏香薄荷、夏风轮菜Summer Savory苋菜Amaranth香菜Parsley香蜂草Bee Balm,Lemon Balm香雪球Sweet Alyssum小飞蓬Horseweed熏衣草Lavendar亚历山大三叶草Berseem Clover芫荽Coriander洋甘菊Chamomile野胡萝卜Queen Anne's Lace一枝黄花Goldenrod羽扇豆Lupine芸香Rue皂皮树Soapbark Tree掌叶酒瓶树Flowering Bottle Tree脂香菊Costmary紫草Comfrey紫花苜蓿Alfalfa第 2 页。
(附录Ⅰ制剂通则)Appendix ⅠGeneral Requirements for Prearations(丸剂)ⅠA Pills丸剂系指药材细粉或药材提取物加适宜的黏合剂或其他辅料制成的珠形或类球形制剂,分为蜜丸、水蜜九、水丸、糊丸、蜡丸和浓缩丸等类型。
Pills are spherical or spherical-like solid dosage forms made of finely powdered crude drugs or crude drug extracts, proper binders or other excipients. They are classified into honeyed pills, water-honeyed pills, watered pills, pasted pills, concentrated pills waxed pills and concentrated pills etc.蜜丸系指药材细粉以蜂蜜为黏合剂制成的丸剂。
其中每丸重量在0.5g( 含0.5g)以上的称大蜜丸,每丸重量在0.5以下的称小蜜丸。
Honeyed pills are made of fine powder of crude drugs, using honey as binder. Among them, pills weighing more than 0.5g (including 0.5g) per pill are big honeyed pills, pills weighing less than 0.5g per pill are small honeyed pills.水蜜丸系指药材细粉以蜂蜜和水为黏合剂制成的丸剂。
Water-honeyed pills are made of fine powder of crude drugs, using honey and water as binders.水丸系指药材细粉以水(或根据制法用黄酒、醋、稀药汁、糖液等)为黏合剂制成的丸剂。
附录6 常用术语中英文对照1.排放污染物emission pollutants排气排放物exhaust emission氮氧化物(NOx)oxides of nitrogen (NOx)一氧化碳carbon monoxide(CO)碳化氢hydrocarbons (HC)总碳化氢total hydrocarbons (THC)二氧化碳carbor dioxide (CO2)质量排放率mass emission转化效率converter efficiency温度传感器temperature sensor压力传感器pressure sensor位置传感器position sensor2.成套分析设备analytical train不分光红外线(NDIR)分析仪nondispersive infrared (NDIR) analyzer 组合气室stacked cell参比室reference cell滤光室filter cell样气室sample cell氢火焰离子化检测器(FID)仪flame ionization detector (FID) analyzer总碳氢(THC)分析仪total hydrocarbons (THC) analyzer化学发光检测器(CLD)分析仪chemiluminescent detector (CLD) analyzer 氮氧化物转化器NOx(NO2-NO)converter (NO2-NO)反应室reactive cell(chamber)碳氢化合物响应度hydrocarbon response碳数当量carbon equivalent百万分率碳(ppmC)parts per million carbon(ppmC)干扰interference湿度校正(KH)系数humidity correction(KH)factor拖尾tailing(hang up)?氧发生器ozonator响应时间responsive time平衡气balance gas零气zero gas零点气zero grade gas(air zero gas)标定气calibrating gas响应曲线(校正曲线)response curve (calibration curve)量距span量距气span gas拉格朗日(多项式)拟合lagrange(polynomial)fit水蒸气干扰校正correted for water vapor extraction 二氧化碳干扰校正correter for CO2 extraction袋式分析bag analysis实时分析modal analysis量程range分辨率resolution底盘测功机chassis dynamometer惯性质量inertia mass行驶监视仪driver sid3动态或连续取样法dynamic or continuous sampling 定容取样法constant volume sampling定容取样器(CVS)constant volume sampler(CVS)临界流量文丘里管critical flow Venturi(CFV)稀释空气dilution gas稀释排气diluted exhaust稀释比dilution ratio稀释系数dilution factor袋式取样bag sample全量袋式取样法total bag sampling取样袋sampling bag4试验循环test cycles行驶循环driving cycle工况mode当量惯量equivalent inertia weight5排放标准emission standard浓度排放标准emission concentration standard质量排放标准mass rate of emission standard型式认证(TA)type approval(TA)车辆型式vehicle type发动机型式engine type生产一致性(COP)conformity of production(TOP)不一致性罚款(NCP)non-conformance penalty(NCP)回收(召回)recall。
常用抗菌素名称中英文对照AAcetylspiramycin 乙酰螺旋霉素Acetylsulfamethoxazole 醋磺胺甲噁唑Acetylsulfisomezole 醋磺胺甲噁唑Actaplanin 阿克拉宁Adicillin 阿地西林Aditoprim 阿地普林Alatrofloxacin 阿拉曲沙星Albomycin 阿波霉素Almecillin 阿美西林Amantocillin 金刚西林Ambomycin 安波霉素Amfomycin 安福霉素Amicycline 阿米环素Amifloxacin 氨氟沙星Amikacin 阿米卡星Amoxicillin 阿莫西林Amoxycillin 阿莫西林Amphomycin 安福霉素Ampicillin 氨苄西林Apalcillin 阿帕西林Apicycline 阿哌环素Apramycin 安普霉素Arbekacin 阿贝卡星Aspartocin 门冬托星Aspoxicillin 阿扑西林Astromicin 阿司米星Avilamycin 阿维霉素Avoparcin 阿伏帕星Azalomycin 阿扎毒素Azanidazole 阿扎硝唑Azidocillin 阿度西林Azithromycin 阿奇毒素Azlocillin 阿洛西林Azotomycin 阿佐霉素Aztreonam 氨曲南BBacampicillin 巴氨西林Bacitracin 杆菌肽Bacmecillinam 巴美西林Balofloxacin 巴洛沙星Bambermycin 班贝霉素Baquiloprim 巴喹普林Bekanamycin 卡那霉素B Benethamine Penicillin 苯明青霉素Benzathine Benzylpenicillin 苄星青霉素Benzathine Penicillin 苄星青霉素Benzylpenicillin 青霉素G Benzylsulfamide 苄磺胺Berythromycin 红霉素B Betamicin 倍他米星Biapenem 比阿培南Bicozamycin 二环霉素Binfloxacin 宾氟沙星Biniramycin 比尼霉素Bluensomycin 布鲁霉素Brodimoprim 溴莫普林Butikacin 布替卡星Butirosin 布替罗星CCalcimycin 卡西霉素Carbenicillin 羧苄西林Carbenicillin Indanyl 卡茚西林Carbenicillin Phenyl 卡非西林Carbomycin 卡波霉素Carfecillin 卡非西林Carindacillin 卡茚西林Carumonam 卡芦莫南Cefacetrile 头孢乙腈Cefaclomezine 头孢氯嗪Cefaclor 头孢克洛Cefadroxil 头孢羟氨苄Cefalexin 头孢氨苄Cefaloglycin 头孢来星Cefalonium 头孢洛宁Cefaloram 头孢洛仑Cefaloridne 头孢噻啶Cefalotin 头孢噻吩Cefamandole 头孢孟多Cefaparole 头孢帕罗Cefapirin 头孢匹林Cefatrizine 头孢曲秦Cefazaflur 头孢氮氟Cefazedone 头孢西酮Cefazolin 头孢唑林Cefbuperazone 头孢拉宗Cefcanel 头孢卡奈Cefcapene 头孢卡品Cefclidin 头孢克定Cefdaloxime 头孢达肟Cefdinir 头孢地尼Cefditoren 头孢托仑Cefedrolor 头孢屈洛Cefempidone 头孢吡酮Cefepime 头孢吡肟Cefetamet 头孢他美Cefetecol 头孢替考Cefetrizole 头孢三唑Cefivitril 头孢维曲Cefixime 头孢克肟Cefluprenam 头孢瑞南Cefmenoxime 头孢甲肟Cefmepidum Chloride 头孢氯铵Cefmetazole 头孢美唑Cefminox 头孢米诺Cefodizime 头孢地秦Cefonicid 头孢尼西Cefoperazone 头孢哌酮Ceforanide 头孢雷特Cefoselis 头孢噻利Cefotaxime 头孢噻肟Cefotetan 头孢替坦Cefotiam 头孢替安Cefoxazole 头孢噁唑Cefoxitin 头孢西丁Cefozopran 头孢唑兰Cefpimizole 头孢咪唑Cefpiramide 头孢匹胺Cefpirome 头孢匹罗Cefpodoxime 头孢泊肟Cefprozil 头孢丙烯Cefquinome 头孢喹肟Cefradine 头孢拉定Cefrotil 头孢罗替Cefroxadine 头孢沙定Cefsulodin 头孢磺啶Cefsumide 头孢舒米Ceftazidime 头孢他啶Cefteram 头孢特仑Ceftezole 头孢替唑Ceftibuten 头孢布烯Ceftiofur 头孢噻呋Ceftiolene 头孢噻林Ceftioxide 头孢噻氧Ceftizoxime 头孢唑肟Ceftriaxone 头孢曲松Cefuracetime 头孢呋汀Cefuroxime 头孢呋辛Cefuzonam 头孢唑南Cephalexin 头孢氨苄Cephaloglycin 头孢来星Cephalonium 头孢罗宁Cephaloridine 头孢噻啶Cephalothin 头孢噻吩Cephamandole 头孢孟多Cephapirin 头孢匹林Cephazolin 头孢唑林Cephoxazole 头孢噁唑Cetefloxacin 西替沙星Cetocycline 西托环素Cetofenicol 乙酰氯霉素Cetophenicol 乙酰氯霉素Chloramphenicol 氯霉素Chlortetracycline 金霉素Ciclacillin 环己西林Cinoxacin 西诺沙星Ciprofloxacin 环丙沙星Cirolemycin 西罗霉素Clarithromycin 克拉霉素Clavulanic Acid 克拉维酸Clemizole Penicillin 克咪西林Clinafloxacin 克林沙星Clindamycin 克林霉素Clometocillin 氯甲西林Clomocycline 氯莫环素Cloxacillin 氯唑西林Colimecycline 多粘环素Coumamycin 库马霉素Coumermycin 库马霉素Cumamycin 库马霉素Cyclamidomycin 赛拉霉素DDactinomycin 放线菌素D Danofloxacin 达氟沙星Daptomycin 达托霉素Demeclocycline 地美环素Demecycline 去甲环素Dibekacin 地贝卡星Dicloxacillin 双氯西林Difloxacin 二氟沙星Dihydrostreptomycin 双氢链霉素Dimetridazole 地美硝唑Diproleandomycin 二丙竹桃霉素Dirithromycin 地红霉素Doxycycline 多西环素EEfrotomycin 依罗霉素Endomycin 恩多霉素Enoxacin 依诺沙星Enramycin 恩拉毒素Enrofloxacin 恩氟沙星Epicillin 依匹西林Epihetacillin 表海他西林Erythromycin 红霉素Erythromycin Acistrate 醋硬脂红霉素Erythromycin Estolate 依托红霉素Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate 琥乙红霉素Erythromycin Stinoprate 司丙红霉素Etamocycline 乙莫环素Etimicin 依替米星Etisomicin 乙索米星FFaropenem 法罗培南Fenbenicillin 芬贝西林Fibracillin 非布西林Fleroxacin 氟罗沙星Flomoxef 氟氧头孢Floxacillin 氟氯西林Flucloxacillin 氟氯西林Flunidazole 氟硝唑Flurithromycin 氟红霉素Fomidacillin 福米西林Formidacillin 福米西林Fosfomycin 磷霉素Fosmidomycin 膦胺霉素Framycetin 新霉素B Fumoxicillin 呋莫西林Furaltadone 呋喃他酮Furbucillin 呋布西林Fuzlocillin 呋洛西林GGatifloxacin 加替沙星Gentamicin 庆大霉素Gloximonam 格洛莫南Grepafloxacin 格帕沙星Guamecycline 胍甲环素HHeliomycin 海利霉素Hetacillin 海他西林IIbafloxacin 依巴沙星Imipenem 亚胺培南Irloxacin 伊洛沙星Isepamicin 异帕米星Isometronidazole 异甲硝唑Isopropicillin 异丙西林JJosamycin 交沙霉素KKanamycin 卡那霉素Kitasamycin 吉他霉素LLaidlomycin 来洛霉素Latamoxef 拉氧头孢Lenampicillin 仑氨西林Lenapenem 来那培南Levofloxacin 左氧氟沙星Levopropicillin 左普匹西林Levopropylcillin 左普匹西林Lincomycin 林可霉素Lividomycin 利维霉素Lomefloxacin 洛美沙星Loracarbef 氯碳头孢Lucimycin 鲁西霉素Lymecycline 赖甲环素MMaduramicin 马度米星Marbofloxacin 马波沙星Maridomycin 马立霉素Mecillinam 美西林Meclocycline 甲氯环素Megalmicin 美加米星Meglucycline 甲葡环素Meleumycin 麦白霉素Merafloxacin 美拉沙星Meropenem 美罗培南Mesulfamide 美磺胺Metacycline 美他环素Metampicillin 美坦西林Methacycline 美他环素Methicillin 甲氧西林Methocidin 美索菌素Meticillin 甲氧西林Metioprim 美替普林Mezlocillin 美洛西林Micronomicin 小诺米星Midecamycin 麦迪霉素Mideplanin 麦地拉宁Mikamycin 米卡霉素Miloxacin 米洛沙星Minocycline 米诺环素Mirincamycin 米林霉素Mirosamicin 米罗米星Mithramycin 普卡霉素Mocimycin 莫西霉素Moxalactam 拉氧头孢Moxifloxacin 莫西沙星NNadifloxacin 那氟沙星Nafcillin 萘夫西林Nanafrocin 那罗星Nebramycin 尼拉霉素Neomycin 新霉素Netilmicin 奈替米星Neutramycin 中性霉素Nifuradene 硝呋拉定Nifuratrone 硝呋隆Nifurazolidone 呋喃唑酮Nifurdazil 硝呋达齐Nifurethazone 硝呋乙宗Nifurfoline 硝呋复林Nifurimide 硝呋米特Nifurizone 硝呋立宗Nifurmazole 硝呋马佐Nifuroquine 硝呋罗喹Nifurpipone 硝呋哌酮Nifurpirinol 硝呋吡醇Nifurprazine 硝呋拉嗪Nifurquinazol 硝呋奎唑Nifursemizone 硝呋米腙Nifurthiazole 硝呋噻唑Nifurvidine 硝呋维啶Nifurzide 硝呋肼Nitrocycline 硝环素Nitrofurantoin 呋喃妥因Nitrosulfathiazole 硝磺胺噻唑Nitroxoline 硝羟喹啉Nogalamycin 诺拉霉素Noprylsulfamide 诺丙磺胺Norfloxacin 诺氟沙星Norvancomycin 去甲万古霉素Novobiocin 新生霉素Nysfungin 制霉素OOfloxacin 氧氟沙星Oleandomycin 竹桃霉素Orbifloxacin 奥比沙星Ormetoprim 奥美普林Ornidazole 奥硝唑Oxacillin 苯唑西林Oxazacillin 苯唑西林Oxetacillin 氧他西林Oximonam 肟莫南Oxytetracycline 土霉素PPaldimycin 帕地霉素Panidazole 帕硝唑Panipenem 帕尼培南Paromomycin 巴龙霉素Paulomycin 保洛霉素Pazufloxacin 帕珠沙星Pecocycline 哌考环素Pefloxacin 培氟沙星Peliomycin 培利霉素Penamecillin 培那西林Penethacillin 喷沙西林Penicillin G 青霉素Penicillin O 阿美西林Penicillin V 青霉素V Penimepicycline 青哌环素Penimocycline 培莫环素Pentamycin 喷他霉素Pentisomicin 喷替米星Phenbenicillin 芬贝西林Pheneticillin 非奈西林Phenoxymethylpenicillin 青霉素VPhenyracillin 苯拉西林Pipacycline 匹哌环素Pipemidic Acid 吡哌酸Piperacillin 哌拉西林Pirazmonam 吡拉莫南Pirbenicillin 吡苄西林Piridicillin 吡地西林Pirinidazole 吡硝唑Pirlimycin 吡利霉素Piroxicillin 匹罗西林Pivampicillin 匹氨西林Pivmecillinam 匹美西林Plicamycin 普卡霉素Polymyxin B 多粘菌素B Polymyxin E 多粘菌素E Porfiromycin 泊非霉素Prazocillin 普唑西林Premafloxacin 沛马沙星Primycin 普利霉素Pristinamycin 普那霉素Propicillin 丙匹西林Propikacin 普匹卡星Prulifloxacin 普卢利沙星QQuinacillin 喹那西林RRacefenicol 消旋甲砜霉素Ranimycin 雷尼霉素Relomycin 瑞洛霉素Repromicin 瑞普米星Ribostamycin 核糖霉素Ristocetin 利托菌素Ritipenem 利替培南Rokitamycin 罗他霉素Rolitetracycline 罗利环素Ronidazole 罗硝唑Rosamicin 罗沙米星Rosaramicin 罗沙米星Rosoxacin 罗索沙星Rotamicillin 罗坦西林Roxithromycin 罗红霉素Rufloxacin 芦氟沙星Rutamycin 芦他霉素SSalazosulfadimidine 柳氮磺嘧啶Salazosulfamide 柳氮磺胺Salazosulfapyridine 柳氮磺吡啶Salazosulfathiazole 柳氮磺噻唑Salinomycin 沙利霉素Sanfetrinem 山费培南Sarafloxacin 沙氟沙星Sarmoxicillin 沙莫西林Sarpicillin 沙匹西林Secnidazole 塞克硝唑Sedecamycin 西地霉素Sisomicin 西索米星Sitafloxacin 西他沙星Sodium Sulfarside 磺胺苯胂钠Sparfloxacin 司帕沙星Spectinomycin 大观霉素Spiramycin 螺旋霉素Stallimycin 司他霉素Steffimycin 司替霉素Streptoduocin 链双霉素Streptomycin 链霉素Streptovarycin 链伐立星Streptozocin 链佐星Sulbenicillin 磺苄西林Sulfabenz 磺胺苯Sulfabenzamide 磺胺苯酰Sulfacarbamide 磺胺脲Sulfacecole 磺胺西考Sulfacetamide 磺胺醋酰Sulfacitine 磺胺西汀Sulfaclomide 磺胺氯啶Sulfaclorazole 磺胺氯唑Sulfaclozine 磺胺氯吡嗪Sulfadiasulfone Sodium 磺胺苯砜钠Sulfadiazine 磺胺嘧啶Sulfadimidine 磺胺二甲嘧啶Sulfafurazole 磺胺异噁唑Sulfalene 磺胺林Sulfaloxic Acid 磺胺洛西酸Sulfamerazine 磺胺甲嘧啶Sulfameter 磺胺对甲氧嘧啶Sulfamethazine 磺胺二甲嘧啶Sulfamethizole 磺胺甲二唑Sulfamethoxazole 磺胺甲噁唑Sulfamethoxypyridazine 磺胺甲氧嗪Sulfamethylthiazole 磺胺甲噻唑Sulfametrole 磺胺美曲Sulfamidochrysoidine 磺胺米柯定Sulfamidomaleyl 磺胺马来Sulfamonomethoxine 磺胺间甲氧嘧啶Sulfamoprine 磺胺莫林Sulfamoxole 磺胺噁唑Sulfanilamide 磺胺Sulfanitran 磺胺硝苯Sulfaperin 磺胺培林Sulfapyrazole 磺胺吡唑Sulfapyridine 磺胺吡啶Sulfasalazine 柳氮磺吡啶Sulfasomidine 磺胺异嘧啶Sulfasomizole 磺胺异噻唑Sulfasuccinamide 磺胺琥珀酸Sulfasymazine 磺胺均三嗪Sulfathiazole 磺胺噻唑Sulfathiourea 磺胺硫脲Sulfatolamide 磺胺托拉米Sulfatroxazole 磺胺曲沙唑Sulfatrozole 磺胺曲唑Sulfazamet 磺胺吡唑Sulfisomidine 磺胺索嘧啶Sulfisoxazole 磺胺异噁唑Sulfomyxin 磺粘菌素Sulformethoxine 磺胺多辛Sulopenem 硫培南Sultamicillin 舒他西林Suncillin 森西林TTalampicillin 酞氨西林Talmetoprim 酞美普林Tameticillin 他甲西林Teicoplanin 替考拉宁Temafloxacin 替马沙星Temocillin 替莫西林Terdecamycin 特卡霉素Ternidazole 特硝唑Tetracycline 四环素Thiamphenicol 甲砜霉素Ticarcillin 替卡西林Tifencillin 替芬西林Tigemonam 替吉莫南Tinidazole 替硝唑Tobramycin 妥布霉素Tomamycin 托马霉素Tosufloxacin 托氟沙星Triacetyloleandomycin 醋竹桃霉素Trimethoprim 甲氧苄啶Troleandomycin 醋竹桃霉素Trospectomycin 丙大观霉素Trovafloxacin 曲伐沙星Tylosin 泰洛星Tyrothricin 短杆菌素VVancomycin 万古霉素Vanyldisulfamide 香草磺胺Vebufloxacin 维布沙星Virginiamycin 维吉霉素Viridofulvin 绿黄菌素Xxanthocillin 占托西林Xantocillin 占托西林。
附录AEuroPean Tunnelling ReviewQuality,Environment and Safety FocusBill Weburn(Vinci Construction Grands ProjetsF一92851,France)Abstract This paper provides an overview Of tunnelling projects with some of the themes covered by the Chengdu Tunnelling Conference.(a)Environmental issues and tunnels under high groundwaterpressure((Hallandsas Rail Tunnel,Sweden)(b)Fire-fighting and tunnel safety on long highway tunnels(Socatop Tunnel,WestParis)(c)Mechanised tunnelling below the world’s largest airport (HeathrowTS)of aquality that avoids disruption to its operation.Each of these overviews show an enhanced performance in regard to projects specific events or objectives. Particularly,in tunnelling,project owners expect more than just a facility delivered on time for Iheir money: they expect an all roundperformance respecting deadlines,budget,environmental protection,safety,qualily and community harmony. Funding agencies do not always have the same agenda as project owners,acknowledging peripheral selection criteria but often demanding that the lowest bidder be awarded work. All round Performance requires all round project selection criteria.Hallandsas Rail Tunnel,SwedenThe Hallandsas Rail Tunnel is located between Malmo and Gothenburg and is part of the Swedish high speed rail link between the Oresund crossing to Denmark and Oslo.Vinci Construction Grands Projets and Skanska are currently working in a joint venture to complete this tunnel,on which work had stopped during the 1905s, after damage to the environment had been sustained.The idea for a tunnel through the Hallandsas Ridge had first heen reviewed as early as 1975,and by 1988,the Swedish National Railway Administration(“ NRA”)drew up a conceptual design for the tunnel. The Hallandsa ridge is primary horst formation consisting of mainly fractured gneiss partly weathered into clay and amphibolite.It is considerably more aquiferous than most Swedish primary rock formations,which makes the area on the ridge and the Bj re peninsula highly suitable for cultivation.In 1992,the NRA initiated construction with its first contractor who commissioned an open-mode TBM for an unlined tunnel,designed with lateral rock grippers. In mid 1993,it became stuck after advancing 16m, when the machine sank into the machine sank into the highly weathered surrounding ground. Work continued by conventional tunnelling until the end of 1995,when with 3,000 metres bored,the contractor withdrew.By 1996,work recommenced and a central access gallery was exeavated to open four additional tunneling faces using conventional tunnelling methods.High rates of water ingress at 601/ second,instead of the amounts Provided for in the contract at less than 331/second,seeped into the tunnel and hampered progress. This water inflow caused a draw down of the water table locally and dried a number of wells in the vicinity. Over 80 different grouting agents were tested for suitably low enough viscosity to penetrate all fractures,before Rhoca-Gil(bi-component chemical sealing agent) was used.This grout sealing agent polluted the ground water,Poisoned livestock and high levels of acrylamide(toxic additive)were subsequently found in water flowing from the tunnel.This ecological scandal in october 1997 drove the media into a frenzy and,with substantial local stakeholder protest,caused work on the project to be suspended with only 6 000m bored.Decontamination of the tunnel and water table was carried out in 1998-99,by removing active acrylamide and installing a waterproof lining in a re-dimensioned tunnel in zones of high water ingress.Decontomination consisted of draining the groundin grouted areas to try to recover the toxic additive .Tunnel lining had been requested by the NRA over some 750m of each tunnel at the northern section ,which had reduced water ingress to 131/second by March 2000.Less than one year later, the project was to be halted again,since it was recognized that excavation could no longer continue by conventional methods.By early 200l,the railway link between Malm and Gothenburg had been 90% complete with 30 km outstanding,of which 10 km comprised the Hallandsas Rail Tunnel.Despite hostile public opinion,and under intense media and political pressure,the NRA was committed to completing the Project with no further mistakes.Water ingress had been limited to 131/second for the four tubes and the central accesses.Water table levels had been recharged and the site was now pollution free. Completing the ProjectThe Swedish NRA initiated a European tendering process that was won by Skanska-Vinci JV(”JV”) in July 2002.The JV and Herrenknecht developed a mixed shield capable of functioning as a hard rock machine in open mode(anticipated over 80% of the drive)and as a slurry machine in closed mode.The TBM has been designed to operate under 8 bars Pressure and can drive in short lengths at pressures of up to 13 bars.The machine has been custom designed to accommodate 6 drills for probing and ground treatment as follows: ·3 on the back-up,with each having 44 drilling positions,distributed over 360 degrees(30 through the shield and 14 through the cutterhead);·2 Inside the Shield,each with 12 drilling positions through the cutterhead;·1 at the TBM centre,with 6 drilling directlons.However,a specific part of the tunnel,known as the Mollebackzonen,comprised of highly weathered and highly fractured rock,will still need ground treatment prior to the TBM drive.This will require a 20m Pilot gallery to be excavated from the North drive by conventional tunnelling methods and the creation of two small chambers.Thereafter,the ground will be frozen over 100 m in the highly weathered andhighly fractured zone,and then grouted over the further 200m in the highly fractured zone.The TBM will then drive through to complete the full size tunnel.The segmental lining is 54cm thick 2,20m wide and composed of 7 standard segments and 1 key. Segments,are designed to resist 15 bars pressure and rings are fitted with a gasket which will be tested at 45 bar.Enviromental Protection RequirementsIn addition to monitoring and controlling noise,vibration,air quality and waste management,a rigorous and thorough environmental protection programme is now operated,requiring a detailed review and chemical analysis of all products used for the Works. Currently,more than 500 materials submittals sheets have been issued requesting approval of proposed materials.Management of water discharges from the tunnel is now subject to rigorous and continuous control and six environmental engineers are permanently stationed on site.Water inflow from the tunnels is monitored quantitatively and qualitatively twice a week and continuously for discharges.Inflows during construction are specified not to exceed 100/second over 4 week period on average and a maximum of 2801/second daily,A water treatment plant is installed on site to purify wate r.Tunnelling ManagementIn order to respect the maximum water inflows,the JV has developed the following tunnelling strategy:·Probe forward to estimate impending water inflow and to assess the ground;·Carry out ground treatment from the TBM ,if necessary;·Monitor effect by probe drilling;·Drive in open mode if impending water inflow and/or geological conditions are suitable,and otherwise drive in closed mode.It is necessary to bear in mind that payment is made in accordance with specified boring and grouting classes,proposed by the JV for the NRA's agreement,and referred to a technical panel for resolution of Payment class in the event ofdisagreement.Payment classes for boring.EndwordThe Hallandsas Railway Tunnel represents a new challenge in tunnelling at 13 bars and a state-of-the-art TBM is being manufactured by Herrenknecht for this purpose.In addition,a high standard of environmental monitoring and management is being implemented to safeguard local ecology,after a series of infelicitous mishaps during previous development of the Project.The Project is now back on track with tunneling having started in March 2004 and all efforts have been made and precautions taken to make this tunnel operational.A86 Socatop TunnelThe A86 autoroute is a ring-road skirting the Creater Paris region known as the Ile de France. Most of this ring road is in operation,with the remaining uncompleted section hetween Rueil Malmaison and Versailles designed underground in the interests of residential and environmental harmony 。