流利说商务英语 Level 6 Unit 2 Part 3(二)Benefits of Outsourcing

流利说商务英语Level6Unit1Part3（三）ManufacturingTerms流利说商务英语Level 6 Unit 1 Part 3(三)Manufacturing Terms Cycle time 周期In manufacturing, cycle time is the time period when an operation begins to when it ends.Manufacturing try to make operations more efficient to cut cycle time.If an operation started on Monday and finished on Wednesday, its cycle time was two days.error-proofing 防错技术Error-proofing involves taking measures to prevent defects in a process.During error-proofing, possible errors that an operation can generate are identified. An example of error-proofing is a machine shutting down automatically if it malfunction s.Six Sigma 六西格玛Six Sigma is a method that is used to improve the quality of a business's products or services.It commonly follows a five-step methodology: define, measure, analyze, improve, and control.Manufacturers use Six Sigma to identify and remove production defects.If a product has a defect, the root cause will need to be identified and a solution implemented.Afterwards, the solution will be monitored to see if the problem was fixed.What is the first step in error-proofing? identifying potential issues.What is Six Sigma used to improve？the quality of products or servicesThe manager was dissatisfied because the operation’s cycle time took two days longer than expected.Defects cause materials to be wasted, but through error-proofing we can prevent that from happening in the first place.The period when an operation begins to when it ends is called cycle time.Cell 车间A cell is a grouping of people, supplies, and machines used to manufacture products. Cell improve efficiency and prevent overproduction in a manufacturing process. Because a cell is closely grouped, defects can be identified and fixed faster.Radio Frequency Identification 射频识别Radio frequency identification, or RFID, uses radio waves to send and receive information.RFID technology can check components from suppliers, improving shipping accuracy before manufacturing.It identifies the misplaced items in real-time, which reduces the impact of human error in production.It can be used to synchronize production flow so that the production lines can run smoothly.The RFID system identified that there were 20 bags of sugar missing from the shipment.In a cell, people, supplies and machines are arranged in close proximity.RFID reduces the impact of human error by locating and identifying misplaced items.。

流利说商务英语Level 6 Unit 2 Part 3(一) Types of Outsourcing Outsourcing is the shifting of a business's jobs, operations, or processes to a third party.This is typically done to reduce costs or improve efficiency.Free trade and globalization have led to a large increase in outsourcing to other countries.OffshoringOffshoring is the practice of basing a company's business processes in another country.This allows the company to produce goods cheaply and sell them back to its own country at a low price.For example, an American car company may manufacture its cars in Mexico.OnshoringOnshoring involves bringing an overseas operation back to the country it originated from.Companies may onshore an operation if the costs of an offshored operation increases or quality suffers.Onshoring improves communication and lowers management costs for businesses. What has let to an increase in an outsourcing? globalizationIf an American computer company wants to offshore, it may manufacture its components in Asia.Though AT&T is earning record profits, it continues to lay off workers and outsource jobs.From 2014 to 2016, six percent of companies employing more than 50 people offshored some of their business operations.Nike plans to use automation in onshore factories to speed up production process. The union called for a three-day strike, demanding an end to the outsourcing of jobs.Lenovo opened a manufacturing plant in 2012 to onshore its computer assembly operations.Call center and customer service jobs are considered as some of the most vulnerable to offshoring.Companies outsource their operations in order to reduce costs or improve efficiency. Business process outsoucing (BPO)Business process outsoucing involves outsourcing a business operation to a third party.By outsourcing certain functions, a company can allocate more resources to other operations.Through BPO, the company can also have access to technologies and resources that it otherwise wouldn't have.Information technology outsourcing (ITO)Companies can use IT outsourcing for network infrastructure, software development, and maintenance.To save money, a company may outsource its IT management by using a third party rather than its own IT team.However, ITO can put a company at risk since it may allow a third party to access the company's sensitive data.Knowledge Process Outsourcing (KPO)Knowledge processing is the process of creating and spreading information.KPO provides expert-level knowledge and analysis on complicated fields, such as legal services and market research.Industries such as R&D, business analysis, and financial consultancy may outsource positions to find knowledgeable, qualified experts.The outsourcing of a business operation to a third party is called business process outsourcing.What is a risk letting a third party handle sensitive data?The data security may be compromised.An example of KPO services includes consulting.Bringing an overseas operation back to the country it originated from onshoring Global figures show that by the end of 2017, 31% of all IT services were outsourced. The Philippines has established itself in the global KPO market as the leading destination.。

Lesson 1 Advertising methodAdvertisers use many different strategies to reach consumers. Here are some of the most common ones.Product demonstrationsIn a product demonstration, potential customers are shown how a product works. Because they can see a product being used in person, they may be more likely to buy it.Traditionally, product demonstrations have been held by salespeople in physical stores. Nowadays, brands also use online channels, such as social media.Word-of-mouthWord-of-mouth refers to when customers tell other people about a brand or product they like.When people are satisfied with a product, word-of-mouth may happen naturally.But companies can also encourage it by rewarding customers.For example, some companies give customers discounts if they recommend a product to a friend.Product placementProduct placement is a practice in which a brand pays to feature its products in movies or TV shows.For example, if a character in a television show is drinking a brand of soda, that soda is likely a product placement.While product placement is initially very expensive, it can result in a large increase in sales or brand exposure.Digital advertisingDigital advertising refers to any form of advertising or marketing that appears online.It commonly includes social media, email, and search engine marketing.Digital advertising allows companies to leverage analytics platforms to gather sophisticated data from users.Lesson 2 Making an adAdvertisersAdvertisers are businesses that pay money to create ads and show them to an audience. They own the product or service that is being advertised.Frequently, advertisers hire advertising agencies to design ads.They also pay publishers, like social media sites, to access advertising space and distribute ads.Advertising agenciesAn advertising agency is a company that creates advertisements.It is also involved in marketing and branding strategies, such as logo design.Ad agencies are often hired to give a new perspective on how to promote a brand or product. Because ad agencies are independent from their clients' marketing teams, they often offer fresh and creative ideas.PublishersA publisher owns a platform that advertises a product or service.They earn money by selling ad space to advertisers.Examples of publishers include newspapers, websites, or apps like WeChat and Instagram. Advertisers often choose publishers to gain access to a particular audience or demographic. Accounts departmentIn an ad agency, the accounts department is responsible for managing client relations.It is made up of account executives and led by an account director.It meets with clients, listens to their feedback, and brings in new business.It also works with the creative department to make sure ads meet client needs.Creative departmentThe creative department is responsible for ads, logos, and any other work produced by the agency.It is led by a creative director, and often consists of copywriters and designers.The creative department takes client feedback and tries to turn it into engaging ads or marketing campaigns.Media planning departmentThe media planning department oversees the distribution of an ad or marketing campaign. It chooses a mix of media platforms to reach a target demographic.It is also responsible for analyzing data to track the performance of a campaign.Lesson 3 evaluating an online adAnalytics platformAn analytics platform is a software that allows an advertiser to track the performance of its online advertisements.This software is able to monitor metrics such as how many times an ad was clicked or whether an ad led to a sale.Seeing how people engage with online ads allows companies to make their marketing strategies more targeted.Cost per Impression(CPI)Cost per Impression refers to how much an advertiser pays each time an ad is displayed on a website.Advertisers must pay every time their ads appear on a platform, whether they are clicked or not.By tracking CPI, it's possible to see if the ad is getting a strong return on its investment. Cost per Click (CPC)Cost per Click refers to what an advertiser pays each time an ad is clicked by a potential customer.Cost per Click depends on the publisher.On search engines, companies will bid on keywords to use in ads, with certain words costing more money.But social media and other platforms typically charge a fixed price.Cost per Order (CPO)Cost per Order refers to the cost of advertising divided by the number of orders from customers.It is commonly used in online advertising to determine the effectiveness of a company'smarketing.To reduce this cost, advertisers can either cut costs from their search budget or try to boost conversions.Lesson 4 Qualities of Good AdsEvery advertisement should contain certain qualities.Here are some qualities of good ads.MemorableA memorable ad is easy to remember, because it is special or unusual.Even if an ad is strange, as long as customers can remember it , they are more likely to buy from the company.Advertisers use music, design and interesting stories to try to make their ads memorable. PersuasiveA persuasive ad give a strong and effective reason for why customers should buy a product or service.For example, a make up advertisement may try to persuade customers by saying using the make-up will give them more confidence.Advertisers invest heavily in market research in order to understand how to persuade their target market.EntertainingAn entertaining ad uses humor to make the audience laugh.An example of entertaining ad would be a talking dog discussing its favorite brand of dog food.The more entertaining an ad is, the more likely it is to go viral, which helps to build awareness of a brand.InspiringAn inspiring ad uplifts and energizes its audiences.For example, a famous athlete or CEO may appear in as ad to deliver an inspiring message to the audience.This inspiration can create the mindset that the audience will excel in a certain area after purchasing the product.TouchingA touching ad connects with audiences through feelings of happiness, hope or sympathy. For example, a father who doesn’t have any money saves up a month to buy her daughter a doll she really wants for Christmas.Watching the father do everything he can to make his daughter happy may be very touching.Touching ads help businesses close a deal if they can capture customers’ minds and hearts.。

流利说商务英语Level 6 Unit 2 Part 1(一) CSR Terminology Corporate social responsibility or CSRCorporate social responsibility, or CSR is the idea that a company should help the environment and society.Through CSR programs, businesses can contribute to society while also boosting their own image.Depending on the company, CSR can take on many forms, like philanthropic giving. PhilanthropyPhilanthropy is when a corporation donates money to a cause or organization that helps people.Corporate philanthropy is a common approach to CSR.Typical forms of corporate philanthropy include monetary donations and aid given to non-profit organizations and deprived communities.For example, PepsiCo has a program called Food for Good, which donates healthy meals to children.Sony's CSR policy states its activities can improve social sustainability while advancing Sony's business value.Companies engage in philanthropy to help make the world a better place.halo effectThe halo effect is a favorable perception people have of a company.If a company has halo effect, customers will overlook its negative aspects in favor of its positive ones.When a company engages in CSR, it can create halo effect for itself.This can improve customer loyalty and give a company a reputation for social responsibility.triple bottom lineThe triple bottom line refers to people, planet, and profit.Companies engage in CSR because they believe the well-being of people ,the planet, and the company are interrelated.People refers to the human capital bottom line.It calls for fair labor practices and beneficial business practices toward the community where the business operates.Planet is the environmental bottom line.It calls for sustainable environmental practices as well as reversing the damage done to the environment.Profit is the economic bottom line.It refers to economic value created by the organization.。