全国2011年1月高等教育电子商务英语自考试题

高级英语试题课程代码：00600请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上，全部题目用英文作答（英译汉题目除外）I. The following paragraphs are taken from the textbooks, followed by a list of words or expressions marked A to Y. Choose the one that best completes each of the sentences and write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. One word or expression for each blank only. (25 points, 1 point for each)West Germany, by contrast, will not be able to 1 any form of euthanasia for a long time to come. Opposition is 2 fierce, because of the shadow of the past. Countries 3 an uninterrupted recent libertarian tradition have less to fear from setting some 4 rules for voluntary euthanasia. By 5 to discuss it, they usher in something worse.We watched while pride allowed unimportant battles to be 6 into the most important stands of the war－because we couldn’t 7 and we couldn’t retreat and because it didn’t matter how many American 8 were provided to prove that point. Now we are told that we have to 9 quietly while the American lives are lost so that we can exercise the 10 arrogance of Vietnamizing the Vietnamese.Newspapers have two great advantages 11 television. They can be used by men as barriers 12 their wives. It is still the only effective screen against the morning features of the loved one, and, as such, performs a unique human 13 . The second advantage is that you can’t line a14 pail with a television set—it’s usually the other way 15 .It is only lately that I have found how much science of genetics is 16 . Agronomists and the like have taken to 17 all sorts of vegetables and fruits－changing their 18 nature. This sounds wonderful and often is 19 . For the scientists have not as a rule taken any 20 whatsoever in the taste of the things they’ve tampered with!My own lack of shame in the rioting then taking place in America 21 me. In one sense, I was the 22 of the ghetto child who through hard work and initiative was 23 himself towarda better life. I was the 24 , the exception. It was my life that was held up to Watts youth to 25 .II. Each of the followingthe right one to complete the sentence and write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. (15 points, 1 point for each)26. These arguments have never been _________ accepted.A. amplyB. drasticallyC. perpetuallyD. universally27. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to _________ behavior.A. unfamiliarB. uncivilizedC. unsatisfiedD. uncommon28. The emergency services said it was _________ that no one was seriously injured in the air crash.A. miraculousB. mysteriousC. ridiculousD. relentless29. Banks _________ receive money from their customers in two distinct forms: on current account, and on deposit account.A. formallyB. narrowlyC. normallyD. particularly30. The recession has _________ so many firms that many can no longer survive.A. lessenedB. weakenedC. decreasedD. reduced31. In science, a theory is a reasonable __________ of observed events.A. explanationB. excavationC. expressionD. evaluation32. Children do not learn what it is to lose and will __________ violence to release their disappointment.A. refer toB. attribute toC. point toD. resort to33.A sincere __________ is like the sunshine which can boost our morale.A. complimentB. supplementC. accomplishmentD. complement34. He was arrested when his __________ scheme to evade taxes came to light.A. fakeB. fraudulentC. falseD. foreign35. This old room has not been much in use of late. No wonder it has such a_______ appearance.A. vulgar .B. fancyC. shabbyD. cheap36. That little boy was so naughty that he tried to _________ feathers from a chicken.A. flickB. twistC. pluckD. toss37. The task of a teacher _________ patience and conscientiousness.A. commandsB. demandsC. amendsD. mends38. She gave us unfailing _________ and became an essential part of our family.A. devotionB. inspectionC. explorationD. indication39. As we were saying goodbye, the train started with a_________.A. shakeB. shiverC. trembleD. jerk40. Parents should attach importance to their children’s _________ from adolescence to adulthood.A. permissionB. positionC. transmissionD. transitionRead the following passage carefully and complete the succeeding three items III, IV, V.Why I Came to College(1) Why have I chosen to attend college? I have put this question to myself at many times and in various forms during the past three and a half months which have constituted the first semester of my freshman year. Have I come because of parental influence, or because I have some goal of my own that I wish to pursue? After pondering these questions on many occasions, I have finally reached the conclusion that I have come to college not for one single reason, but for many, and that it is something that I truly want to do.(2) Originally, my parents did influence my opinions about education in general. My mother, an elementary school teacher, was always proud of my academic successes, but she never really pushed me or demanded that I achieve excellent grades. However, from the beginning of my schooling, my parents seemed to assume that I would attend college, and by the time I reached high school, I had become accustomed to that idea as well.(3) When I entered high school, I enrolled in the college preparatory program offered there, looking ahead four years to college attendance. However, as I proceeded further through high school into my junior and senior years, I became genuinely interested in many of the subjects which I was studying. Chemistry, physics, and calculus were the courses which held my interest most strongly and I felt that I wanted to continue to study those areas beyond the high school level. Up to that point in my life, I had always claimed that I wanted to attend college. but didn’t realize why until my high school career drew to a close.(4) Finally, I began to recognize in myself a strong drive to obtain knowledge. I knew thatI would not be content to simply end my educational career with high school and enter the working world. I truly felt a need to continue learning in order to gain a better understanding of the world around me. My final decision to attend college seemed a natural one, and my choice of engineering as a field of study came easily as well, since the profession fit well with my academic preferences.(5) The fact that I enjoy learning and gaining knowledge was my main reason for choosing to enter college, but I must admit that it was not the sole reason. In today’s world, a college education has become almost essential if one wishes to compete in the job market. In the next several years, this trend will surely continue, with a Bachelor’s degree becoming almost indispensable if one wishes to find a worthwhile position, and a Master’s degree becoming highly desirable for advanced positions. Although it may sound materialistic, I felt that attending college was a practical and necessary step which I took to ensure a secure future for myself and my family. I made my choice to study engineeringprimarily on the basis of my love of mathematics and the physical sciences; however, the fact that it is a well-paid and respected profession did have some influence on my final decision to study engineering, rather than a pure science curriculum. Either field would have allowed me to study those subjects which hold my interest, but the decision to pursue the one which would ultimately be more profitable was not a difficult choice to make.(6) A third reason that I am attending college is that I have always hoped that I could makea contribution to the world. I knew that a career involving science and technology would give me the best opportunity to do this. I also knew that in order to pursue such a career,I would be required to go through college. Hopefully, this will enable me to someday makea contribution to the expansion of the frontiers of society’s knowledge, and to in some way benefit mankind.(7) Finally, I chose to attend a diversified college, as opposed to a purely technical institute, because I feel that college should allow a person to grow in areas other than pure academics. It should also expose that student to a variety of social and political ideas, helping to expand his mental horizons. Attending Rutgers University has definitely allowed me to come into contact with a wide variety of lifestyles which could only be found together on a collegiate campus. Additionally, while I am able to major in a scientific field at Rutgers, I am able to simultaneously take courses which explore other fields of study and allow me to become a more diversified and well-rounded person. This overall gain of general knowledge which is available only to the college student is another reason thatI was lured toward the pursuit of a higher education.(8) Thus, I came to college not for one reason, but for several different ones. It was something that I had planned, even without fully knowing why, for several years. It was certainly the next logical step in my educational career after the completion of high school. However, only in my final two years of high school did I actually begin to recognize in myself the inherent desire to obtain information and learning which pursue the other goals which I had set for myself. I also knew that I wanted to become a more diversified person, and thata college education was the best means to attain that end.(9) Why have I chosen to attend college? Sometimes I am unsure of the exact reason myself.I am sure, however, that it is what I should do and what I want to do with the next four years of my life.III. In this section, there are ten incomplete statements or questions, followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. (20 points, 2 points for each)41. According to the passage, the author came to college mainly __________.A. out of his own willB. because of social pressureC. out of respect for his parentsD. because of financial attraction42. The word “pondering” in Paragraph l can be best replaced by __________ .A. answering appropriatelyB. exploring thoroughlyC. dealing with efficientlyD. thinking carefully about43. According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true about the author’s parents?A. They were demanding.B. They were open-minded.C. They were indifferent to his future.D. They were anxious about his future.44. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “genuinely” in Paragraph 3 ?A. reallyB. completelyC. immediatelyD. finally45. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that _________ .A. few people study for Bachelor’s degreesB. a college degree means more than ever beforeC. college education is required for a good futureD. a Master’s degree can guarantee advanced positions46. Which of the following can best explain the word “indispensable” in Paragraph 5?A. ingenuousB. essentialC. advantageousD. helpful47. The author chose engineering mainly because _________ .A. it was more popularB. he could make more moneyC. he was more interested in itD. he could be more successful48. College education was expected to make the author _________ .A. realisticB. technically sophisticatedC. intelligentD. comprehensively developed49. The author states in Paragraph 7 that _________ .A. a diversified college can provide knowledge in various fieldsB. a diversified college is the only place where a person can learnC. higher education in a diversified college can ensure success in the futureD. a student can learn as many subjects as he likes in a diversified college50. The purpose of the author in writing this passage is to _________ .A. advertise educational institutionsB. persuade people to obtain college degreesC. emphasize the importance of higher educationD. express his understanding of today’s education systemsIV. Translate the following sentences into Chinese and write the translation on your Answer Sheet. (10 points,2 points for each)51. Have I come because of parental influence, or because I have some goal of my own thatI wish to pursue?52. When I entered high school, I enrolled in the college preparatory program offered there, looking ahead four years to college attendance.53.Up to that point in my life, I had always claimed that I wanted to attend college, but didn’t realize why until my high school career drew to a close.54.I knew that I would not be content to simply end my educational career with high school and enter the working world.55.I also knew that I wanted to become a more diversified person, and that a college education was the best means to attain that end.V. Answer the following essay question in English within 80-100 words. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. (10 points)56. Why did you decide to have higher education?VI. Translate the following sentences into English and write the translation on your Answer Sheet. (20 points,2 points each for 57-60,4 points for 61,8 points for 62)57.这一解决方式的弊端在于它已不再广泛适用。

2011年1月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）I.Vocabulary and Structure （10 points,l point each）从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。

1.We had a happy weekend at the seaside. And the transport, we had no difficulty.（D）A.owing toB.in caseC.once moreD.as for2.Whether you stay or leave is a matter of total to me.（A）A.indifferenceB.enthusiasmC.passionD.harmony3.It is said that a black hole can everything around it, such as stars.（C）A.work outB.settle downC.swallow upD.break into4.It is well-known that the moon goes round the earth____.（B）A.in a wayB.in a circleC.in due courseD.in turn5.He the book and found it worth buying.（C）A.foldedB.extendedC.skimmedD.skipped6.The world make is changing.We must anticipate the changes and make timely adjustments.（B）A.stablyB.constantlyC.scarcelyD.occasionally7.The main____for discussion will be the proposed new supermarket.（A）A.topicB.ideaC.titleD.object8.We went to bed that night ____ of the storm to come.（D）A.invisibleB.unclearC.senselessD.ignorant9.It's going to be hard to ____his wife that they can’t afford a new house.（A）A.convinceB.containC.conductD.confess10.The task we'1l carry out ____great courage and wisdom.（D）A.calls upB.calls onC.calls aboutD.calls forII.Cloze Test（10 points,l point each）How does woman go about buying clothes? In 11 every aspect she does so in the way opposite to a man. Her shopping is not often 12 need.She has never fully made up her mind 13 she wants,and she is only “having a look round.”She is always 14 to persuasion；indeed she sets great store by what the saleswoman tells her, 15 by what companions tell her,She will 16 any number of things.Uppermost in her mind is the thought of finding something that everyone thinks suits her.Contrary to a lot of jokes, most women have an excellent 17 of value when they buy clothes, They are always on the lookout for the unexpected bargain. 18 a roomful of dresses,a 19 may easily spend an hour going from one rail to 20 ，to and from,often retracing her steps before selecting.It is a laborious process,but apparently an enjoyable one.11.A.most B.uppermost C.foremost D.almost12.A.based on B.held on C.kept on D.made for13.A.that B.those C.what D.which14.A.open B.dull C.close D.keen15.A.ever B.even C.better D.aside16.A.try on B.carry on C.figure out D.fall out17.A.heart B.mind C.sense D.thought18.A.Run into B.Let out C.Brought about D.Faced with19.A.salesman panion C.woman D.saleswoman20.A.the other B.another C.others D.other11.D 12.A 13.C 14.A 15.B 16.A 17.C 18.D 19.C 20.BIII. Reading Comprehension （30 points,2 points each）Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.About forty years ago, only five percent of American children who were three or four years old attended early education programs. Today, about two-thirds of the children of that age go to preschools, nursery schools or daycare centers with educational programs. Many education experts say this is a good situation. They say young children who have some kind of preschool education do much better when they attend school.Young children in preschool programs learn colors and numbers. They identify common objects and letters of the alphabet to prepare them for reading. They sing and play games that use numbers and maps. They learn to cooperate with teachers and other children. Many preschool programs include activities to help young children learn about the world around them. For example, children visit places like zoos, museums and fire and police stations.After preschool, most American children attend kindergarten in public schools. Most children start kindergarten at about age five. Many American kindergartens now require skills taught in early education programs. So children who have not attended a preschool program may not be ready for kindergarten.Many families, however, lack enough money to send their children to private nursery schools or preschools. Such schools may cost several thousand dollars a year, as much as a public university.To help poor families, the government operates an education program for young children called Head Start. Studies have shown that many children from poor families do not do well in school. Studies also have shown that children in Head Start programs perform equally well or better than other children when they start school. But the government currently is providing Head Start with enough money to serve only about sixty percent of the children who need this program.Educators have expressed concern that some early childhood education programs are not good enough. The United States has about eighty-thousand preschools, nursery schools and daycare centers. The National Association for the Education of Young Children studies these schools. The association says it has approved only about ten percent of the preschools in the country. Experts say American children need more and better preschool education.21.In preschools. young children can learn about the world around them by A.A.visiting various placesB.singing songs and playing gamesC.identifying common objects and lettersD.cooperating with teachers and partners22.The annual fee for preschool education is that of a public university.DA.higher thanB.unequal toC.lower thanD.equal to23.Head Start aims to B.A.study the benefits of preschool education in AmericaB.help children from poor families get ready for schoolC.provide funds to help poor families through hard timeD.monitor how the movement spends money on education24.Money provided by the government for Head Start programs is B.A.more than enoughB.quite inadequateC.just sufficientD.almost enough25.According to the association. most American preschools C.A.have got official approvalB.enjoy good reputationC.are not well qualifiedD.have financial difficultiesPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.One of the chief causes of fatigue （疲倦） is boredom. To illustrate this point, let's take the case of Alice, a corporate employee who lives on your street. Alice came home one night completely exhausted. She acted fatigued. She was fatigued. She had a headache. She had a backache. She was so exhausted that she wanted to go to bed without waiting for dinner. Persuaded by hermother. she sat down at the table. The telephone rang. The boyfriend! An invitation to a dance! Her eyes sparkled. Her spirits soared. She rushed upstairs, put on her Alice-blue gown，dashed out and danced until three o'clock in the morning; and when she finally did get home, she was not the slightest bit exhausted. She was，in fact，so excited that she couldn't fall asleep.Was Alice really and honestly tired eight hours earlier. when she looked and acted exhausted? Sure，she was. She was exhausted because she was bored with her work, perhaps bored with life. There are millions of Alices. You may be one of them.It is a well-known fact that your emotional attitude usually has far more to do with producing fatigue than has physical exertion. A few years ago, Joseph E.Barmack, Ph.D., published in the Archives of Psychology a report of some of his experiments, showing how boredom produces fatigue. Dr. Barmack put a group of students through a series of tests in which, he knew, they could have little interest.The result? The students felt tired and sleepy，complained of headaches and eyestrain, felt irritable. In some cases，even their stomachs were upset. Was it all “imagination”? No. Metabolism（新陈代谢） tests were taken of these students. These tests showed that the blood pressure of the body and the consumption of oxygen actually decrease when people are bored，and that the whole metabolism picks up immediately as soon as they begin to feel interest and pleasure in their work!26.When she came back from dancing, Alice felt D.A.very hungryB.a bit sleepyC.much tiredD.sleepless27.The word “them” in Line 4, Para. 2 refers to .AA.people exhausted from boredomB.women with the same name as AliceC.corporate employees enjoying dancingD.people crazy about interesting night life28.The major reason for Alice's exhaustion is that B .A.she lost her appetite for dinnerB.she was tired of her work or her lifeC.she danced too long time with friendsD.she had a bad headache and a backache29.When person begins to enjoy his work __B__,A.his blood pressure goes downB.his metabolism improves rapidlyC.his oxygen consumption decreasesD.his stomach sometimes gets upset30.Dr. Barmack explained the result of the tests on the basis of___A_.A.medical examinationsB.personal observationC.logical reasoningmon knowledgePassage ThreeQuestions 3lto 35 are based on the following passage.There will be a major shift in the age distribution in the American workforce. As the baby boomers（born between 1946 and 1963）begin to hit retirement age, they will be replaced by the so-called“generation Y”or“Millennial Generation.”who number almost 80 million. And the qualified workers of this generation are soon going to be desperately needed, leaving businesses no choice but to figure out how to attract and keep them.People often say that members of the “Millennial Generation”can’t take care of themselves and are going to bring the world down with them.Some people might think Millennials are spoiled internet addicts（上瘾者）who feel a strong sense of entitlement and aren’t willing to work hard for the great rewards they expect.In reality Millennials are the first generation of “digital natives,”that is,they have never known a world without digital technology.As a result Millennials experience the world through technology,as older generations experience the world through their organic senses.This intimacy（亲密接触）with the digital world is one of the Millennials’greatest strengths.It also presents the greatest challenge to those companies that need highly qualified applicants.Managers need to determine ways to use their strengths and work with their weaknesses with business goals in mind.The key to attracting and managing Millennials is to create an experience of the company that matches their technological experience of the world. It’s about finding a balance between youthful enthusinasm,cooperative spirit, and the realities of the business world.The business world is experiencing a continued breakdown of the authoritarian management style that in some ways still remains as legacy（遗留做法） from the early 20th century. Managers are going to have to be patient and flexible to a large extent because one thing is for sure, nothing makes Millennials unhappier than doing tasks with traditional methods that can be done better and more efficiently with the right technology or more sophisticated methods.They need to be given the opportunity to use the technologies they are familiar with to cooperate with each other and do business. The best candidates are going to be attracted to companies that are willing to give employees what they need and want.31.American businesses will be in great need of qualifie d workers of the“Millennial Generation” because A .A.the baby boomers in the workforce are close to retirementB.this generation accounts for the biggest part of the workforceC.businesses want to change the age distribution in the workforceD.businesses prefer young workforce to speed up their development32.People have formed a D impression of the Millennial Generation.A.trueB.vagueC.favorableD.negativepared with previous generations, Millennials C .e more of their organic sensesB.show a poor sense of entitlementC.rely more on information technologyD.challenge the goals of the businesses34.To attract and manage Millennials, a business manager should C .A.require them to do their tasks with traditional methodsB.force them to work with modem scientific technologiesC.balance their passion, teamwork spirit and business realitiesbine sophisticated methods with flexible working approaches35.The main idea of the passage could be best summarized as A .A.business managers should take up the challenges from MillennialsB.business managers should be flexible about their management styleC.managers maintain a relatively objective attitude toward Millennialslennials can use their technological advantage to attract companiesPart Two（50 points）IV. Word Spelling（10 points，1 point for two words）36事件；事故n. a 37.分界线，边界n. b________38捕获：占领v. c 39.美味的；使人愉悦的a. d________40.必要的；本质的a. e 41.公式；程式n. f________42.致意，欢迎v. g 43.阻止；妨碍v. h________44.增加，增长v. i 45.同盟，协会n. l________46.较小的；少数的a, m 47.自然的；天然的a. n________48.反抗；对立n. o 49.察觉；认识到v. p________50.懊悔，遗憾v. r 51.表面，外表n. s________52.温度计n. t 53.向上，往上ad. u________54受害者，牺牲品n. v 55.侍者，服务员n.w________36.accident 37.boundary 38.capture 39.delicious 40.essential 41.formula42. greet 43.hinder 44.increase 45.league 46.minor 47.natural48.opposition 49.perceive 50.regret 51.surface 52.thermometer53.upwards 54.victim 55.waiterV.Word Form（10 points,l point each）56.The study of black holes is just beginning. Speculations about them are （end）答案：endless57.Christmas is （tradition）a holiday for a family to get together.答案：traditionally58.The client must （sure） that accurate records are kept.答案：ensure59.Since no better plan had been put forward，we had to adopt a basically （work）one. 答案：workable60.There are millions of solar systems in space, and ours is （probable）one of the smallest. 答案：probably61.The accused admitted that he had sold the （steal）goods.答案：stolen62.The store will be moved to somewhere in my （neighbor）next month.答案：neighborhood63.Upon their （arrive）,they immediately set about drawing up a plan.答案：arrival64.The good news is that our host is said to be kind and （help）.答案：helpful65.The young girl moved to Paris last spring, but she missed her parents too much to enjoy the （excite）life there.答案：excitingVI.Translation from Chinese into English（15 points，3 points each）66.很明显你需要更多的英语口语练习。

全国自考电子商务英语试卷2全国自考（电子商务英语）- 试卷2（总分：160.00 ，做题时间：90 分钟）一、词汇和语法（总题数：20，分数：40.00）1.It was there, the police believe, _____ she was able to activate the recorder she kept in her bag.（分数：2.00 ）A. untilB. whichC. that VD. when解析：2.It is not yet known _____ computers will one day have vision as good as human vision. （分数：2.00 ）A. whether VB. ifC. thatD. how解析：3.If you are now ____ ,you ought to pay more attention to your health.（分数：2.00 ）A. in the fiftiesB. in your fifties VC. in fiftiesD. in your fifty解析：4. The company will design, supply and ___ your new kitchen.（分数：2.00 ）A. build onB. install VC. put onD. instruct解析：5. How can I have any self-confidence when you're always so ___ of me?（分数：2.00 ）A. critical VB. unpleasantC. seriousD. doubtful解析：6.If we ____ t he furniture against the walls, we'll have more space to dance.分数：2.00 )A. replaceB. deliverC. transportD. shift V解析：7. He's ___ on his paper which has to be finished by the end of the semester.（分数：2.00 ）A. managingB. writingC. handlingD. working V解析：8. You can ___ the temperature in the house by adjusting thethermostat（（分数：2.00 ）A. adoptB. reachC. regulate VD. register解析：9.I _____ a little Spanish while I was in Peru.（分数：2.00 ）A. inquiredB. requiredC. acquired VD. acquainted解析：10.Social problems and poverty _____ much of the crime in today's big cities.（分数：2.00 ）A. undermineB. underlie VC. contributeD. signify解析：11.In many countries, packets of cigarettes come with a government health warning （分数：2.00 ）A. attachingB. attached VC. to attachD. attach解析：12. ___________________________________________ There can be no doubt whatsoever that smoking _______________________________________ your health.（分数：2.00 ）A. preventsB. delays温度调节器).to them.C. endangers VD. disturbs解析：13. The extent of the damage was greatly ___ by the press.（分数：2.00 ）A. raisedB. widenedC. exceededD. exaggerated V解析：14. High stress levels are ___ of life for business executives.（分数：2.00 ）A. an impressionB. a pointC. an effectD. a feature V解析：15. None of our ___ at contacting Dr. James were successful.（分数：2.00 ）A. necessariesB. needsC. attempts VD. trials解析：16. Even Democrat George McGovern, ___ had the lowest level of party support among recentnominees, was backed in 1972 by nearly 60 percent of his party's voters.（分数：2.00 ）A. who VB. whoseC. thatD. which解析：17. Robots differ from automatic machines in ___ after completion of one specific task, theycan be reprogrammed to do another one.（分数：2.00 ）A. whichB. that VC. howD. whether解析：18. Understand what Jet Lag is, and how a careful diet can minimize its worst effects, ___ .（分数：2.00 ）A. your flights will be less stressful VB. and your flights will be less stressfulC. of your flights will be less stressfulD. in order that your flights will be less stressful 解析：19. ______________________________________________ The Atlantic Ocean is only half as big as the Pacific, it is still very large.（分数：2.00 ）B. andC. soD. therefore 解析：20. ______________________________________ No one has been able to prove that fish is better for the brain than many other kindsof food.（分数：2.00 ）A. someB. soC. asD. ___________________________ any V 解析：二、完形填空（总题数：1，分数：20.00）Medical experts have 【C1】_______________________ suspected a link between the health of the mind and the healthof the body. From time to time researchers have reported evidence of such a link. One such report now comes from the University of California at San Diego School of Medicine. The study shows that the mental disorder known as depression 【C2】_____ to harm the body's natural defense system againstdisease. Victims of severe depression generally have a low opinion of themselves. They often lose 【C3】_____ in everything. They seem very sad. They have trouble sleeping. And they generally lose their 【C4】to eat. In most extreme examples, depressed persons may want to kill themselves. The University of California study was 【C5】_____ by Dr. Michael Irwin. He began thestudy two years ago at a hospital in the city of Los Angeles.The study involved 37 women, whose husbands were dying of lung cancer. Dr. Irwin studied the women for 【C6】____ of depression.He took some of their blood both before and after the death of their husbands. He examined the blood for cells that help the body fight disease. These are the substances scientists call naturalkiller cells, T suppressor cells, and T helper cells. Dr. Irwin then looked for the same【C7】 ___________________ of cells in the blood of women whose husbands were healthy. Dr. Irwin 【C8】 _____ thatdisease-fighting cells were not very active in the women whose husbands were dying or had just died. The rate of activity was【C9】 ______ than in women whose husbands were healthy. Dr. Irwinalso found that the rate of activity was directly linked to the severity of 【C10】_____ woman's depression over the death of her husband. （分数：20.00）（1）.【C1】（分数：2.00 ）A. everB. stillC. long VD. always 解析：⑵.【C2】（分数：2.00 ）A. emergesB. appears VC. happens解析：⑶.【C3】（分数：2.00 ）B. interestingC. interest VD. interests解析：⑷.【C4】（分数：2.00 ）A. despairB. despiteC. desire VD. design解析：⑸.【C5】（分数：2.00 ）A. builtB. madeC. takenD. done V 解析：（6）.【C6】（分数：2.00 ）A. sighB. markC. signs VD. signals解析：⑺.【C7】（分数：2.00 ）A. variantsB. speciesC. kinds VD. standards解析：（8）.【C8】（分数：2.00 ）A. knownC. lookedD. found V 解析：（9）.【C9】（分数：2.00 ）A. lower VB. higherC. shorterD. taller解析：（10）.【C10】（分数：2.00）A. oneB. each VC. anyD. every解析：三、阅读理解（总题数：3，分数：20.00）There are two methods of fighting, the one by law, the other by force; the first method is thatof men, the second of beasts; but as the first method is often insufficient, one must have recourse to（求助，求援）the second. It is, therefore, necessary for a prince to know well how to use both the beast and the man. This was covertly（隐秘地，不公开地）taught to rulers by ancient writers,who relate how Achilles and many others of those ancient princes were given to Chiron the centaur（马的怪物）to be 半人半brought up and educated under his discipline. The parable（寓言）of thissemi-animal, semi-human teacher is meant to indicate that the one without the other is not durable.A prince, being thus obliged to know well how to act as abeast, must imitate the fox, and the lion, for the lion cannot protect himself from traps, and the fox cannot defend himself from wolves.Those that wish to be only lions do not understand this. Therefore, a prudent（谨慎的）ruler oughtnot to keep faith when by doing so it would be against his interest, and when the reasons which made him bind himself no longer exist. If men were all good, this precept（规贝U ）would not be agood one; but as they are bad, and would not keep faith with them. Nor have legitimate grounds ever failed a prince who wished to show colorable excuse for the nonfulfilment of his promise.beenhas peace times many how show and examples, of number infinite an furnish could one this, Of broken, and how many promises rendered（致使［worthless, by the faithlessness of princes, and those that have best been a-ble to imitate the fox have succeeded best. But it is necessary to be able to disguise this character well, and to be a great feigner（作假者）and dissembler（伪君子）,and menare so simple and so ready to obey present necessities that the one who deceives will always be able to find those who allow themselves to be deceived. （分数：8.00）（1）___________________________ .The writer does not believe that . （分数：2.00）A. the truth makes men freeB. people can protect themselvesC. princes are humanD. leaders have to be consistent V解析：（2）________________ .Prince designates . （分数：2.00）A. anyone in power VB. elected officialsC. aristocratsD. sons of kings 解析：（3）.The lion represents those who are ___ . （分数：2.00 ）A. too cunning and weakB. strong and cunning。

2011年大学生入党个人自传通用版不瞒你说这是网上唯一的通用版本.. 自传我叫xx，性别x，x族人，于xx年x月x日出生在xx市一个普通家庭。

xxxx年x月x日加入共青团组织，并于xxxx年x月x日递交了入党申请书。

现在就读于xx并在班里担任xx。

我的父母亲都是xx职工。

他们并不是党员，但是他们思想上非常上进，作风正派，而我也正是在这个温暖和睦的家庭中健康地成长起来的。

父亲在xx工作，他认真仔细一丝不苟的工作精神更是令他在单位中得到了多次好评与嘉奖。

之后的工作调动，他将优秀的作风从一个工作岗位带到了另一个岗位上，不管在什么岗位上他总是能够出色的完成任务，多次被评为“优秀个人”。

母亲在xx担任xx 职务，她性格善良，为人和蔼，再加上她细心的性格特点，令她更加适合这个岗位。

通过多年的工作，她精打细算，成为了单位领导的得力助手。

父母的优秀作风很大程度上影响着我，而他的言传身教更是令我总愿和身边优秀的同学看齐。

在我的眼中，父母就是我成长的路上最好的榜样。

我从小就决心做一个像他们一样成为对社会对国家有用的人才。

xxxx年9月——xxxx年6月，我在xxxx小学渡过了我人生的第一段学习旅途。

那时，我的性格比较外向，总喜欢表现自己，上课总是积极举手回答老师提出的每个问题。

课下积极参加学校组织的各种活动，能和同学打成一片，而我的优秀涉交能力和组织能力似乎就已被老师看在眼里，并让我担任了班内xx委员的职务，而且一当就是六年，这也为我日后的学习工作打下了良好的基础。

在小学二年级我光荣地加入了中国少年先锋队，戴上了鲜艳的红领巾，在国旗下敬礼宣誓的那一刻，我感到了无比的激动与自豪。

常听老师说：“少先队是共青团的后备队，我们要为共产主义事业而奋斗终身。

”那时我并不能明白这句话的深刻含意，但是早日加入共青团组织这个愿望早早地铭刻在我心间，共青团与社会主义在我童年的记忆中就是优秀与上进的代名词。

在学校我充分地享受着甜美的小学时光，而与此同时我也没有忘记学生的职责——学习。

全国2011年1月高等教育自学考试英语写作试题及答案课程代码：00603I. Supply the missing paragraph (20 points)The following passage is incomplete with one paragraph missing. Study the following passage carefully and write a paragraph of about 100 words. Make sure that the tone and vocabulary you use are in unity with the passage providedTo Change or Not to Change?In the modern workplace there is no longer the attitude that “a job is for life.”Nowadays, many people take the option to change jobs, while others prefer not to. In my opinion, there are both good and bad points of the above attitudes.One of the main benefits of staying in one job is security. Changing an employer often means a period of instability, where one may have to think about moving house, or temporarily losing a steady source of income. Staying in one job means these problems are avoided. Another benefit of not changing an occupation is that one is able to gain a lot of experience and expertise in his specific profession, thus enhancing job security. One’s company may recognize his loyalty and reward his service. On the other hand, those who often change jobs may be seen as unreliable and lacking in experience; thus employers might be reluctant to hire and invest training in them.______However there are arguments in favor of changing job frequently. One is that a worker improves his employability. Working in several different jobs often means that the individual has more skills. Such people are seen as more dynamic and versatile. Other benefit of changing jobs is that one never gets stuck in a rut.From my own experience, I got bored when I spent too long in a job. Following this, the quality of my work could suffer. I also believe that employers generally don’t tend to greatly reward loyalty or commitment. Increased wages and promotion are often easier to attain by changing jobs. _（答案仅供参考）评分标准同前。

2011年1月自考高级英语试题2011年1月（全国）自考高级英语试题请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上，全部题目用英文作答（英译汉题目除外）I. The following paragraphs are taken from the textbooks, followed by a list of words or expressions marked A to Y. Choose the one that best completes each of the sentences and write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. One word or expression for each blank only. (25 points, 1 point for each) West Germany, by contrast, will not be able to 1 any form of euthanasia for a long time to come. Opposition is 2 fierce, because of the shadow of the past. Countries 3 an uninterrupted recent libertarian tradition have less to fear from setting some 4 rules for voluntary euthanasia. By 5 to discuss it, they usher in something worse.We watched while pride allowed unimportant battles to be 6 into the most important stands of the war－because we couldn’t 7 and we couldn’t retreat and because it didn’t matter how many American 8 were provided to prove that point. Now we are told that we have to 9 quietly while the American lives are lost so that we can exercise the 10 arrogance ofVietnamizing the Vietnamese.Newspapers have two great advantages 11 television. They can be used by men as barriers12 their wives. It is still the only effective screen against the morning features of the loved one, and, as such, performs a unique human 13 . The second advantage is that you can’t line a14 pail with a television set—it’s usually the other way 15 .It is only lately that I have found how much science of genetics is 16 . Agronomists and the like have taken to 17 all sorts of vegetables and fruits－changing their 18 nature. This sounds wonderful and often is 19 . For the scientists have not as a rule taken any 20 whatsoever in the taste of the things they’ve tampered with!My own lack of shame in the rioting then taking place in America 21 me. In one sense, I was the 22 of the ghetto child who through hard work and initiative was 23 himself toward a better life. I was the 24 , the exception. It was my life that was held up to Watts youth to 25 .II. Each of the following sentences is given four choices of words or expressions. Choose the right one to complete the sentence and write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. (15points, 1 point for each)26. These arguments have never been _________ accepted.A. amplyB. drasticallyC. perpetuallyD. universally27. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to _________ behavior.A. unfamiliarB. uncivilizedC. unsatisfiedD. uncommon28. The emergency services said it was _________ that no one was seriously injured in the air crash.A. miraculousB. mysteriousC. ridiculousD. relentless29. Banks _________ receive money from their customers in two distinct forms: on current account, and on deposit account.A. formallyB. narrowlyC. normallyD. particularly30. The recession has _________ so many firms that many can no longer survive.A. lessenedB. weakenedC. decreasedD. reduced31. In science, a theory is a reasonable __________ of observed events.A. explanationB. excavationC. expressionD. evaluation32. Children do not learn what it is to lose and will __________ violence to release theirdisappointment.A. refer toB. attribute toC. point toD. resort to33.A sincere __________ is like the sunshine which can boost our morale.A. complimentB. supplementC. accomplishmentD. complement34. He was arrested when his __________ scheme to evade taxes came to light.A. fakeB. fraudulentC. falseD. foreign35. This old room has not been much in use of late. No wonder it has such a_______ appearance.A. vulgarB. fancyC. shabbyD. cheap36. That little boy was so naughty that he tried to _________ feathers from a chicken.A. flickB. twistC. pluckD. toss37. The task of a teacher _________ patience and conscientiousness.A. commandsB. demandsC. amendsD. mends38. She gave us unfailing _________ and became an essential part of our family.A. devotionB. inspectionC. explorationD. indication39. As we were saying goodbye, the train started with a_________.A. shakeB. shiverC. trembleD. jerk40. Parents should attach importance to their children’s _________ from adolescence to adulthood.A. permissionB. positionC. transmissionD. transitionRead the following passage carefully and complete the succeeding three items III, IV, V.Why I Came to College(1) Why have I chosen to attend college? I have put this question to myself at many times and in various forms during the past three and a half months which have constituted the first semester of my freshman year. Have I come because of parental influence, or because I have some goal of my own that I wish to pursue? After pondering these questions on many occasions, I have finally reached the conclusion that I have come to college not for one single reason, but for many, and that it is something that I truly want to do.(2) Originally, my parents did influence my opinions about education in general. My mother, an elementary school teacher, was always proud of my academic successes, but she never really pushed me or demanded that I achieve excellent grades. However, from the beginning of my schooling, my parents seemed to assume that I would attend college, and by the timeI reached high school, I had become accustomed to that idea as well.(3) When I entered high school, I enrolled in the college preparatory program offered there, looking ahead four years to college attendance. However, as I proceeded further through high school into my junior and senior years, I became genuinely interested in many of the subjects which I was studying. Chemistry, physics, and calculus were the courses which held my interest most strongly and I felt that I wanted to continue to study those areas beyond the high school level. Up to that point in my life, I had always claimed that I wanted to attend college. but didn’t realize why until my high school career drew to a close.(4) Finally, I began to recognize in myself a strong drive to obtain knowledge. I knew that I would not be content to simply end my educational career with high school and enter the working world. I truly felt a need to continue learning in order to gain a better understanding of the world around me. My final decision to attend college seemed a natural one, and my choice of engineering as a field of study came easily as well, since the profession fit well with my academic preferences.(5) The fact that I enjoy learning and gaining knowledge was mymain reason for choosing to enter college, but I must admit that it was not the sole reason. In today’s world, a college education has become almost essential if one wishes to compete in the job market. In the next several years, this trend will surely continue, with a Bachelor’s degree becoming almost indispensable if one wishes to find a worthwhile position, and a Master’s degree becoming highly desirable for advanced positions. Although it may sound materialistic, I felt that attending college was a practical and necessary step which I took to ensure a secure future for myself and my family. I made my choice to study engineering primarily on the basis of my love of mathematics and the physical sciences; however, the fact that it is a well-paid and respected profession did have some influence on my final decision to study engineering, rather than a pure science curriculum. Either field would have allowed me to study those subjects which hold my interest, but the decision to pursue the one which would ultimately be more profitable was not a difficult choice to make.(6) A third reason that I am attending college is that I have always hoped that I could make a contribution to the world. I knew that a career involving science and technology would give me the best opportunity to do this. I also knew that in order topursue such a career, I would be required to go through college. Hopefully, this will enable me to someday make a contribution to the expansion of the frontiers of society’s knowledge, and to in some way benefit mankind.(7) Finally, I chose to attend a diversified college, as opposed toa purely technical institute, because I feel that college should allow a person to grow in areas other than pure academics. It should also expose that student to a variety of social and political ideas, helping to expand his mental horizons. Attending Rutgers University has definitely allowed me to come into contact with a wide variety of lifestyles which could only be found together on a collegiate campus. Additionally, while I am able to major in a scientific field at Rutgers, I am able to simultaneously take courses which explore other fields of study and allow me to become a more diversified and well-rounded person. This overall gain of general knowledge which is available only to the college student is another reason that I was lured toward the pursuit of a higher education.(8) Thus, I came to college not for one reason, but for several different ones. It was something that I had planned, even without fully knowing why, for several years. It was certainly the next logical step in my educational career after the completionof high school. However, only in my final two years of high school did I actually begin to recognize in myself the inherent desire to obtain information and learning which pursue the other goals which I had set for myself. I also knew that I wanted to become a more diversified person, and that a college education was the best means to attain that end.(9) Why have I chosen to attend college? Sometimes I am unsure of the exact reason myself. I am sure, however, that it is what I should do and what I want to do with the next four years of my life.III. In this section, there are ten incomplete statements or questions, followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. (20 points, 2 points for each)41. According to the passage, the author came to college mainly __________.A. out of his own willB. because of social pressureC. out of respect for his parentsD. because of financial attraction42. The word “pondering” in Paragraph l can be best replaced by __________ .A. answering appropriatelyB. exploring thoroughlyC. dealing with efficientlyD. thinking carefully about43. According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true about the author’s parents?A. They were demanding.B. They were open-minded.C. They were indifferent to his future.D. They were anxious about his future.44. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “genuinely” in Paragraph 3 ?A. reallyB. completelyC. immediatelyD. finally45. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that _________ .A. few people study for Bachelor’s degreesB. a college degree means more than ever beforeC. college education is required for a good futureD. a Master’s degree can guarantee advanced positions46. Which of the following can best explain the word“indispensable” in Paragraph 5?A. ingenuousB. essentialC. advantageousD. helpful47. The author chose engineering mainly because _________ .A. it was more popularB. he could make more moneyC. he was more interested in itD. he could be more successful48. College education was expected to make the author _________ .A. realisticB. technically sophisticatedC. intelligentD. comprehensively developed49. The author states in Paragraph 7 that _________ .A. a diversified college can provide knowledge in various fieldsB. a diversified college is the only place where a person can learnC. higher education in a diversified college can ensure success in the futureD. a student can learn as many subjects as he likes in a diversified college50. The purpose of the author in writing this passage is to _________ .A. advertise educational institutionsB. persuade people to obtain college degreesC. emphasize the importance of higher educationD. express his understanding of today’s education systemsIV. Translate the following sentences into Chinese and write the translation on your Answer Sheet. (10 points,2 points for each) 51. Have I come because of parental influence, or because I have some goal of my own that I wish to pursue?52. When I entered high school, I enrolled in the college preparatory program offered there, looking ahead four years to college attendance.53.Up to that point in my life, I had always claimed that I wanted to attend college, but didn’t realize why until my high school career drew to a close.54.I knew that I would not be content to simply end my educational career with high school and enter the working world.55.I also knew that I wanted to become a more diversifiedperson, and that a college education was the best means to attain that end.V. Answer the following essay question in English within 80-100 words. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. (10 points) 56. Why did you decide to have higher education?VI. Translate the following sentences into English and write the translation on your Answer Sheet. (20 points,2 points each for 57-60,4 points for 61,8 points for 62)57.这一解决方式的弊端在于它已不再广泛适用。

全国2011年1月高等教育自学考试综合英语(二)试题-自学考试全国2011年1月高等教育自学考试综合英语(二)试题。

第1页：第1部分第2页：第2部分第3页：第3部分第4页：第4部分第5页：第5部分第6页：第6、7部分全国2011年1月高等教育自学考试综合英语(二)试题课程代码：00795请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上I.语法、词汇。

从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择一个正确答案，并填在答题纸相应的位置上。

(本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分)Completeeachofthefollowingsentenceswitht hemostlikelyanswer.(15points)1.Chinais_______oldcountrywith_______longhistory.A.an,aB.an,theC.the,aD.the,/2.Wecouldnotseethemoon,foracloudcame_______.A.atbetweenB.inbetweenC.forbetweenD.onbetween3.Weallthinkofyouasthemostsuitableoneto_______thework.A.takeadvantageofB.takecareofC.takechargeofD.takein4.Someofthehotelsinourdistrictaretooexpens iveforordinarypeopleto_______foranight.A.stayatB.stayupC.stayofD.stayaway5.ItmustbeJohn.Whoelsewould_____hedoes?A.workhardasB.beworkingashardasC.doharderworkthanD.workharderthan6.Hishealthhasbegunto______nowthatheisold.A.declineB.decreaseC.declareD.defeat7.Leaveatonce_______I’llbeatyou.A.andB.orC.howeverD.but8.“Whydidn’tyoutellmethisbefore?”“I_______butIdidn’thavethechance.”A.wouldB.wouldhaveC.wouldratherD.could9.Thelinewasbusy.Someone_______thetelephone.A.mustbeusingB.mustuseC.musthavebeenusingD.shouldhavebeenusing10.Thebossurgedhisworkers_______.A.awayB.offC.upD.on11.Iknowyouwillnotletme_______.A.inB.upC.downD.out12.Occasionallysheandherhusband_______rideintothecountryforapicnic.A.couldB.mustC.wouldD.should13.Ifyoubuytwobooks,you’llgetanotherone_______A.thrownawayB.thrownoffC.thrownupD.thrownin14.As_______health,IhavenothingusefultosayasIhavelittleexperienceofillness.A.regardsB.regardC.regardlessD.regarding15.ThetotaleffectofEdison’scareer_____thesumofallofhisinventions.A.excelsB.succeedsC.affectsD.surpasses1234567。

全国2018年1月自学考试电子商务英语试题课程代码：00888请将答案填在答题纸相应的位置上一、词汇和语法（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）根据句子的意思选择一个正确的答案，错选、多选或未选均无分。

1. Roscae said that he had never had to contend with any girl as fat as _________.A. herB. hersC. sheD. herself2. Many scientists believe that oil was formed in the earth _________ years ago.A. millionB. millionsC. million ofD. millions of3. The officer _________ his orders to the men by radio.A. reportedB. transmittedC. communicatedD. exchanged4. He’s never again written _________ as his first one.A. a such good bookB. a so good bookC. so good a bookD. such good a book5. It wasn’t long _________ he found a job.A. untilB. beforeC. sinceD. after6. There are _________ benefits in the new system.A. conciseB. tangibleC. preciseD. metal7. Was it during the Second World War _________ he died?A. thatB. whileC. in whichD. then18. I _________ to come over to see you, but someone called and I couldn’t get away.A. intendedB. would intendC. had intendedD. has intended9. He _________ to be a liar but a fool.A. thinksB. thinkingC. thoughtD. was thought10. He said he wouldn’t mind _________ at home.A. leaving aloneB. being left aloneC. to be left lonelyD. to leave alone11. He has an unusual _________ of life.A. conceptionB. lookC. philosophyD. science12. Professor Tate _________ about him.A. heard the students to talkB. heard the talk by the studentsC. heard the students talkingD. heard the students talk13. Before we commence again, let me give you a word or two of advice, _________?A. will youB. shall IC. don’t ID. won’t you14. He would have given more help, but he _________ so busy.A. isB. would beC. has beenD. had been15. The hot water _________ my pullover.A. shrankB. withdrewC. witherD. retreated16. Will you mind _________ him how _________ the next step?A. my telling; to takeB. my showing; to takingC. me to tell; takeD. me to tell; to taking17. _________ we think of Rose, we have to admit that he’s a highly competent man.2A. WhichB. WhicheverC. WhatD. Whatever18. _________ all behavior is learned behavior is a basic assumption by solid scientists.A. NearlyB. That nearlyC. It is nearlyD. When nearly19. A teacher shouldn’t have _________.A. choicesB. selectionsC. favoritesD. options20. Once upon a time, _________ known by the name of James.A. a man there livedB. lived there a manC. a man lived thereD. there lived a man二、完形填空(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)从选择项中选择一个最适合短文的选项，错选、多选或未选均无分。

2011年1月全国自考《英语写作》真题及答案课程代码：00603I. Supply the missing paragraph (20 points). Make sure that the tone and vocabulary you use are in unity with the passage providedTo Change or Not to Change?In the modern workplace . Make sure that the tone and vocabulary you use are in unity with the passage providedTo Change or Not to Change?In the modern workplace there is no longer the attitude that “a job is for life.”Nowadays, many people take the option to change jobs, while others prefer not to. In my opinion, there are both good and bad points of the above attitudes.One of the main benefits of staying in one job is security. Changing an employer often means a period of instability, where one may have to think about moving house, or temporarily losing a steady source of income. Staying in one job means these problems are avoided. Another benefit of not changing an occupation is that one is able to gain a lot of experience and expertise in his specific profession, thus enhancing job security. One’s company may recognize his loyalty and rewardhis service. On the other hand, those who often change jobs may be seen as unreliable and lacking in experience; thus employers might be reluctant to hire and invest training in them.____________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________Overall, it can be said that the disadvantages of changing jobs are the advantages of staying put, and vice versa. In my opinion, changing jobs every once in a while is of more benefit.答案：However there are arguments in favor of changing job frequently. One is that a worker improves his employability. Working in several different jobs often means that the individual has more skills. Such people are seen as more dynamic and versatile. Other benefit of changing jobs is that one never gets stuck in a rut. From my own experience, I got bored when I spent too long in a job. Following this, the quality of my work could suffer. I also believe that employers generally don’t tend to greatly reward loyalty or commitment. Increased wages and promotion are often easier to attain by changing jobs.II. Write an outline (20 points)Read the following passage carefully and compose a “topic outline” for it.May I Help You?The world is rapidly changing from an industrial economy to a service economy. There are fewer and fewer small factories and farms. As a result, a decreasing number of people are employed in manufacturing. How many shoemakers or bakers do you know? You probably don't know any, but you do know the advertising people for the shoemakers and salespeople for oven manufacturers. In a service economy such as ours, there are service providers and consumers, who receive a service. According to the authority of the provider, there are three basic relationships between service providers and consumers: customer and salesperson, student and teacher, and patient and doctor.In the retail industry, people often say, “The customer is always right.” What they mean is that a salesperson never argues with a customer. If a 350-pound man wants to buy a pink bikini swimsuit, that's his business. The salesperson is there to make the customer feel good about shopping at that particular store so that he'll come back again and again. A salesperson can try to interest the customer in a different style, but she never tells the customer what to do. In the service relationship between the customer and the salesperson, the customer has all the authority.The relationship between a student and a teacher is different all over the world. It also varies depending on the age of the student. We tend to accept that“the teacher is always right”through the years of compulsory education. However, once people are old enough to make some choices about their education, therelationship changes. If you want to learn to play the piano, for example, you will probably look for a teacher who will teach you in the way you want to learn. Nevertheless, you still believe that your teacher knows much more about the subject than you do, so in this service relationship, the teacher has medium level of authority.Certain service providers have such specialized skills and knowledge that we tend to allow them complete authority in making decisions about what is the best. The doctor-patient relationship is an example of such a relationship. We expect (rightly or wrongly) that the doctor is such an expert that if she says, “You need surgery,” we usually don't say, “No, thank you.” However, the medical profession is changing as many patients are becoming better educated about their conditions. It is now common practice in many parts of the world to get a second doctor's opinion about how to treat a serious illness. Even so, in the traditional doctor-patient relationship, it is the doctor who has most, if not all, of the authority.In conclusion, most of us will be on both sides in a service relationship at some point in our lives. You may be a customer at noon and a salesperson at 1 p.m. You may be a teacher at the age of twenty-eight and a student at the age of fifty-eight. If you become an expert in a certain field, such as engineering, medicine, law, or psychology, you may be a client or patient one day and the service provider the next. However, you will never be both at the same time, and providing great service to your clients will still be based on the fundamental principle of understanding what your customer wants and needs.____________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________答案：Topic OutlineI. The decreasing of the industrial economy and the increasing of the service economyII. Three basic relationships between service providers and consumers.A. The relationship between customer and salesman.a. Making the customer feel goodb. Interesting the customer in a different stylec. The authority of the customerB. The relationship between student and teachera. The stage of compulsory education-the higher level authority of the teacherb. The stage of old enough- the medium level authority of the teacherC. The relationship between patient and doctora. The complete authority of the doctor in the old daysb. The changing of the medical professionIII. The alternation of the roles between service providers and customers.III. Compose an essay (60 points)Some people say that computers have made life easier and more convenient. Other people say that computers have made life more complex and stressful. What is your opinion?Write an essay of about 300 words discussing this issue with the title given.Do Computers Make Our Life Easier?____________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________【参考范文】Do Computers Make Our Life Easier?Some people say that the invention of computers is one of the greatest humankind’s inventions. However, other people think that computers make their life more stressful. I agree with those people who think that computers have brought many benefits and play a very important role in our modern life.First of all, every company nowadays uses a computer to store its data and make different kinds of operations. It is very difficult to imagine life without computers. A company would have to store millions of papers and documents. Moreover, a customer would have to wait hours to check his balance or get a piece of information about his transaction at his bank, while an employee was looking through those papers. Another important aspect of this is that people are able to type all their information, make corrections, print or send documents using。

全国2011年1月高等教育自学考试外语教学法试题课程代码：00833请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上I. Multiple Choices: (20%)Directions: In this section, you are given 20 questions, beneath each of which are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You are to make the best choice either to complete the incomplete statement or to answer the question. Onepoint is given to each correct choice.1. The Grammar-Translation Method came into being in the ______ century.A. 16thB. 17thC. 18thD. 19th2. The generative-transformational school of linguistics emerged through the influence of ______.A.B.C.D.3. In a ______ classroom, meaningful learning and meaningful practice are emphasized during the entire learningprocess.A. Cognitive ApproachB. Direct MethodC. Audiolingual MethodD. Natural Approach4. According to the records available, we believe that human beings have been involved in the study of languagefor at least ______ centuries.A. 10B. 15C. 20D. 255. Before the 16th century ______ was a language of communication, the world's most widely studied foreignlanguage in the Western world.A. LatinB. GermanC. FrenchD. Spanish6. According to Halliday, which of the following should NOT be accounted for in terms of linguistic events?A. Form.B. Context.C. Substance.D. Culture.7. The structural linguists believed that the primary medium of language is______.A. written expressionB. sign languageC. oral speechD. body pose8. Students with the Grammar-Translation Method are expected to memorize grammatical rules and ______.A. sentence patternsB. principles for translationC. structuresD. bilingual word lists9. In an Audiolingual classroom, a dialogue is usually presented and memorized before specific ______ are pickedout from it and later become the focus of drill exercises.A. expressionsB. phrasesC. grammatical patternsD. idioms10. Features of communicative activities in a CLT classroom usually involve information gap, choice of form andcontent, and ______.A. presentationB. discussionC. conversationD. feedback11. In the 1970s, Krashen's distinction between language acquisition and language learning and his ______aroused widespread interest.A. cognitive theoryB. Monitor Model theoryC. schema theoryD. whole-person learning theory12. The criticism by those advocating the Communicative Approach was that teaching language with its focus ongrammar produced structurally competent students who were often incompetent ______.A. communicativelyB . in societyC. in interpretingD. lexically13. The neogrammarians, represented by______, formed the main linguistic basis of the Direct Method.A. W. M. WundtB. . ComeniusC.D. Hermann Paul14. In Krashen's view, acquisition refers to the ______ process leading to the development of competence and isnot dependent on the teaching of grammatical rules.A. consciousB. unconsciousC. overconsciousD. subconscious15. Who advocates the Total Physical Response Method?A. J. Asher.B. C. Gattegno.C. C. A. Curran.. Lozanov.16. In both the Direct Method and the Oral Approach, grammar is taught______.A. deductivelyB. inductivelyC. positivelyD. negatively17. In a Natural Approach class, which of the following is NOT an acquisition activity?A. Affective-humanistic activity.B. Problem-solving activity.C. Content activity.D. Translation activity.18. Of the nine fundamental principles of good language teaching and learning proposed by Palmer, ______ is thefirst and most important.A. vocabulary buildupB. phonetic practiceC. habit formationD. grammar acquisition19. In the Oral Approach, the teacher does NOT perform the role of a ______.A. modelB. manipulatorC. monitorD. commander20. The Direct Method emerged as a result of ______ in the 19th century.A. classroom instructionB. mass productionC. communicative needsD. language teaching innovationsII. Filling blanks: (20%)Directions: In this section, there are 20 statements, each of which contains a blank. You are to fill in each blank with ONE appropriate word. One point is given to each blank.21. Suggestopaedia, the application of the study of ______ to pedagogy, has been developed tohelp students eliminate the feeling that they cannot be successful and thus to help them overcome the barriers to learning.22. 's linguistic and psychological theories based on his observations of children's use oflanguage were directly applied to the practice of the ______ Method.23. The major practice in a Grammar-Translation Method classroom is translating from and intothe ______ language.24. Most psychologists today agree with Freud to his general view that the unconscious ______processes influence conscious thought and action.25. The ultimate goal of an Audiolingual program is to develop in the learners the same typesof abilities which ______ speakers have.26. The ______ of instruction in the Grammar-Translation Method is the first language or mothertongue.27. The ______ i + 1, put forward by Krashen, means that input contains structures slightly abovethe learner's present level.28. Krashen believes that language acquisition refers to the process in which the language learnersdevelop their language ______ through natural communications in the target language.29. The Direct Method got its name from the assumption that ______ are to be connected directlywith the target language, without going through the process of translating into the students'native language.30. The input hypothesis claims that the best way to teach ______ is to focus on listening.31. Ways of integrating language skills in a Communicative Approach classroom are listening and______, oral presentation, project work, role-play and simulation, etc.32. English 900 is a typical example of textbooks which provide materials for teaching and learningadopting the ______ Method.33. It is believed in the Oral Approach that through repetitive drilling students can acquireoral ______ of the target language.34. The Oral Approach aims at ______ practice of situations and automatic use in speech, readingand writing on the part of learners.35. Chomsky rejected the behaviorist model of language acquisition on the basis of his model ofcompetence and ______.36. Both the generative transformational and cognitive theories have recognizeda ______ as anorderly system of rules which a learner can consciously acquire by study methods.37. Since the end of World War II, teachers have found themselves under considerable pressure toabandon the long-standing ______ model, though it had been in general use in second language teaching since the late 18th century.38. People in communication must recognize the social setting, their relationship to theothers, and the types of language that can be used for a particular ______.39. The linguist's task, according to the ______, was to describe human languages and to identifythe structural characteristics of those languages.40. The learning of a foreign language was viewed by the Direct Methodologists as analogous tothe language ______, and the learning processes involved were often interpreted in terms of an associationist psychology.III. Matching: (10%)Directions: This section consists of two groups of pairs listed in two columns, A and B. You are to match the one marked ①,②,③,④, or⑤in Column A with the one marked a, b, c, d,or e in Column B. One point is given to each pair you match correctly.IV. Questions for Brief Answers: (30%)Directions: This section has six questions. You are to answer them briefly. Five points are given to each question.43. What is the learning theory of the Direct Method according to Comenius?44. What are the two objectives Harold Palmer tried to work out during his teaching of Englishin Japan?45. What are the three main teaching activities in a Grammar-Translation Method classroom?46. According to the Natural Approach, what can the learner decide to do in terms of the actualuse of the target language?47. The general purpose of the Communicative Approach is to develop the students' communicativecompetence, which includes four aspects of knowledge. What are they?48. There are two major phases in a Suggestopaedia classroom. What are they? And what is the purposeof the second major phase?V. Questions for Long Answers: (20%)Directions: The two questions in this section are to be answered on the basis of your own teaching experience as well as the theoretical knowledge you've learned. Ten points are given to each question.49. What is the fundamental task of Foreign Language Teaching Methodology?50. What is the attitude of the Cognitive Approach towards mistakes in the language learningprocess?．。