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硕士英语综合教程1 （参考答案）目录Unit 1Low Carbon Economy(1)Unit 2A Harmonious Society(12)Unit 3Culture Shock(20)Unit 4Artificial Intelligence(27)Unit 5Success and Happiness(34)Unit 6Urban Life(44)Unit 7Mass Media(52)Unit 8New Applications of Waste Materials(60)Unit 9Car Culture(70)Unit 10Famous Persons’ Biographies(81)Unit 11World Cultural Heritage(87)Unit 12Wisdom and Beliefs(96)硕士英语综合教程1Unit 1 Low Carbon EconomyText A Creating a Low Carbon Economy→III. Key to the Exercises1. Reading Comprehensiona. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.1. B2. B3. A4. C5. Bb. Fill in the blanks with the information you’ve learned in the text.(1) the result of the rapid build up of greenhouse gases primarily caused by human activities; we begin a concerted, rapid shift toward a low carbon economy(2) climate represents the envelope within which all our natural systems operate(3) the increased costs of damage from extreme weather events such as floods, droughts, hurricanes, heat waves, and major storms; the risk that such events affect global financial markets through higher or more volatile insurance costs; and the risk of abrupt and large scale climate change(4) Scientific analysis of historic climate data and projections of future conditions, and state of the art computer models paint a stark picture of what is to come(5) keeping average temperature to an increase in the range of 2.0℃to 2.4℃2. V ocabularya. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.(1) adverse(2) stark(3) inflict(4) systematically(5) triggered(6) improvident(7) incurred(8) alternative(9) lost out on(10) settled onb. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.(1) B(2) C(3) A(4) D(5) B(6) C(7) A(8) D(9) C(10) D3. ClozeChoose an appropriate word or phrase from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each one can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.(1) embraced(2) sped up(3) running out(4) urgency(5) initiative(6) specific(7) designated(8) contribute(9) incorporate(10) hampering(11) reward(12) involved(13) adverse(14) adaptive(15) vulnerability(16) alternative(17) context(18) due to(19) compensation(20) scheduled4. Translationa. Chinese to English1) Translate the following sentences into English.(1) Bending under the weight of the packs, sweating, they climbed steadily in the pine forest that covered the mountainside.(2) Concentrating on time passing, as we do when bored, will trigger brain activity which will make it seem as though the clock is ticking more slowly.(3) Unemployment shot up in France during the second quarter, and the country’s top finance official said the situation will continue to aggravate even if a global economic recovery gathers pace. It was the worst quarterly unemployment in France since early 2006.(4) As social practice continues to develop, we should keep renewing our ideas and make innovations courageously in light of practical needs.(5) Bicycles are regarded as an economical alternative to buses whose fares have increased 3 times in the past few years.(6) The U.S. government has called on people to save water because the scarcity of water has become a source of global tension ecologically, economically and politically.(7) In order to be a recognized leader in the industry, it’s essential for a company to improve production quality and tap the overseas market through the help of state of the art technologies and equipment.(8) If you are thinking about coming to Britain for Christmas, it might be a good idea to think again. That’s because thousands of Christmas travelers have been stranded in the UK as adverse weather conditions caused massive disruption to the transport infrastructure.2) Translate the following paragraphs into English.Scientists say the warming of the planet will be gradual, but that extreme weather events will increase in frequency and intensity. They say the effects of more storms, floods, droughts and heat waves will be abrupt and profound. The World Health Organization says the effects of so called climate sensitive diseases already are killing millions of people.Climate change is a global phenomenon. While no country will be exempt, she says its consequences will not be evenly distributed. The WHO chief says poor countries that already are struggling with huge problems will be most affected. Fragile health systems in the developing world will come under increased stress. They will have great difficulty coping with the increased burden of disease and other health problems.b. English to Chinese1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.很多权威的气候学家们都曾发出过这样的警告: 如果我们现在的温度超过工业化前2摄氏度( 3.6华氏度)的话,我们将会迈进一个危险的未知国度。
陕西西安交通大学研究生入学考试英语真题考试时间：2022年5月15日考试地点：陕西西安交通大学一、听力测试（共30分）本部分共分为三个小节，每个小节均包含一道长对话和两篇短文。
请听清题目后，从A、B、C三个选项中选择正确答案。
小节一：1. What does the woman want to do?A. Get a refund for the book.B. Buy another book.C. Borrow a book from the library.2. What does the man suggest the woman do?A. Take a taxi to the office.B. Drive to the office herself.C. Take a bus to the office.小节二：3. Why is the man disappointed?A. He didn't pass the exam.B. His presentation was not successful.C. The project deadline was postponed.4. What does the woman advise the man to do?A. Review the material again.B. Ask the professor for help.C. Attend more seminars.小节三：5. What does the man offer to do for the woman?A. Help her with her homework.B. Drive her to the airport.C. Accompany her to the concert.6. What does the woman think of the concert?A. She is excited about it.B. She heard it is not worth attending.C. She hasn't made up her mind yet.二、阅读理解（共40分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容从A、B、C三个选项中选择正确答案。
硕士英语综合教程1 （参考答案)目录Unit 1Low Carbon Economy（1）Unit 2A Harmonious Society（12）Unit 3Culture Shock(20)Unit 4Artificial Intelligence(27)Unit 5Success and Happiness(34）Unit 6Urban Life（44）Unit 7Mass Media(52)Unit 8New Applications of Waste Materials（60）Unit 9Car Culture(70)Unit 10Famous Persons’ Biographies(81)Unit 11World Cultural Heritage(87)Unit 12Wisdom and Beliefs（96)硕士英语综合教程1Unit 1 Low Carbon EconomyText A Creating a Low Carbon Economy→III。
Key to the Exercises1。
Reading Comprehensiona。
Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.1。
B2. B3. A4. C5. Bb。
Fill in the blanks with the information you’ve learned in the text。
（1）the result of the rapid build up of greenhouse gases primarily caused by human activities; we begin a concerted，rapid shift toward a low carbon economy(2) climate represents the envelope within which all our natural systems operate(3) the increased costs of damage from extreme weather events such as floods, droughts, hurricanes, heat waves，and major storms；the risk that such events affect global financial markets through higher or more volatile insurance costs；and the risk of abrupt and large scale climate change（4) Scientific analysis of historic climate data and projections of future conditions，and state of the art computer models paint a stark picture of what is to come （5）keeping average temperature to an increase in the range of 2。
Unit 1.V ocabulary: 1.assortment 2.narcissistic 3.obsessively 4.slaying 5.legion 6.instilled 7.ingrained 8.hustled 9.stampede 10.qualmsCloze: 1.remorse 2.reponsibility 3.reason 4.triggered 5anxiety mitted 7.criticism 8.empathy 9.develop 10.violates 11.value 12.against 13.fulfill 14.generally 15.failing 16.intended 17.biochemical 18.judged 19.since 20.natureUnit 2.V ocabulary: 1.profane 2.ignited 3.concocted 4.reverberations 5.subversive6.engimatic7.convergence8.provisonal9.defy 10.transparentCloze: 1.concerned 2.deeply 3.movements 4.longing 5.endeavor 6.present 7.religious 8.suffice 9.varying 10.experence 11primitive 12.evokes 13.stage 14.poorly 15.creates 16.depend 17.handed 18.disposed 19.degree 20.basisUnit 3.V ocabulary: 1.confidental 2.facilitate arre 4.innovation 5.surveillance6.incidentally7.administered8.deregulationCloze: 1.sophisticated 2.protect d 4.employed 5.other 6.private 7.only 8.public 9.possessed 10.periodically 11.forge 12.limit 13.approved 14.privileges15.accountable 16.confidential 17.access 18.difficult 19.mixture 20.symbolesUnit 51.Vocabulary(1) contrariness (2) tangle (3) stamina (4) roam(5) subtlety (6) bustling (7) conspire (8) foray(9) tangible (10) savor2.Cloze(1) crowded (2) vacationers(3) stretch(4) tight(5) beginning(6) seem (7) cash(8) against(9) dreaded (10) possible (11) avoiding(12) popular (13) surprise (14) route (15) filled (16) same(17) difficult (18) ultimately (19) given (20) expectUnit 72. Vocabulary(1) dietary (2) trigger (3) syndrome (4) subside(5) nary (6) alienate (7) hodge-podge (8) emigrate(9) feast (10) presumptuous4. Cloze(1) when (2) divorce (3) imported (4) Blame(5)Western (6) as (7) across (8) where(9) breeding (10) West (11) on (12) hasten (13) even (14) in (15) into (16) follow (17) struck (18) abandoned (19) not (20) butUnit 8.V ocabulary: 1.infertility 2.hypothetical 3.emerge 4.intrinsic 5.defects 6.specified7.unscrupulous 8.justifyCloze: 1.verb 2.identical 3.themselves 4.splitting 5.genetically 6.clones 7.sexual8.carries 9.which 10.offspring 11.either anisms 13.differs 14.depending 15.take 16.of 17.place 18.form 19.divides 20.asUnit 112. Vocabulary(1) invasive (2) vulnerability (3) pragmatic (4) traumatic (5) vibrant (6) stigma (7) preoccupation (8) masculinity (9) follicle (10) celebrity4. Cloze(1) beauty (2) complications(3) reminder(4) relatively (5) death(6) pure (7) potential(8) increased (9) scarring (10) type (11) hiding(12) accident (13) risk (14) important (15) minimize (16) qualifications (17) emergencies (18) take (19) freedom (20) hairdressers Unit 121.Vocabulary(1) untangled (2) anguished (3) legacy (4) depicts(5) restored (6) intact (7) shudder (8) fervent(9) commemorates (10) retreat2.Cloze(1) institution (2) taken (3) migrated (4) versus(5) will (6) favor (7) established (8) continued (9) found (10) molecular (11) naturalist (12) economist (13) rich (14) magnificent (15) chapels (16) combination (17) volumes (18) entitled (19) papers (20) collection。
2017西安交大mti英语三科完整版回忆一．翻译硕士英语: 试卷共16页翻硕英语今年题型有变化，第一部分原先的30分单选题变成了两篇完型填空，每篇15个空，1空1分，考查的知识点和原先单选差不多，有词汇辨析，连词，介词选择，等。
第一篇完型是有关目前中国越来越多的人通过做整骨手术来提升身高，不是特别难。
第二篇没太看懂，不过填空也不算很难。
第二部分阅读，共40分，前两篇客观阅读，每篇文章10个选择，共20分，非常简单，第一篇阅读讲的是美国五大湖区的亚洲鲤鱼泛滥，对当地生态造成威胁。
第二篇讲的是提高急重病人的医疗条件。
第三篇主观阅读，有5个匹配题，就是给文章任意地方挖5个空，然后后面给5个选项匹配，还有三个文中词语解释，最后两个问答。
这篇应该讲的是美国中的少数族裔在美国的一些问题，不是很难，主要是解释词语略难。
第二篇阅读讲的是不确定性的问题，两个题，第一题中分成5问，问答，第2题是让你用自己的语言解释文中5个句子，这篇阅读很难。
第三部分写作，首先给了你一篇谷歌利用人工智能辅助翻译的文章，让你写一个100字左右summary,10分。
然后是让你根据问题写一篇关于机器翻译的文章。
问题有:1你知道现在机器翻译的应用范围有多广，运用在哪些方面 2有人说未来机器翻译会代替人工翻译，谈谈你的看法。
3谷歌中的技术如何影响到如今的机器翻译。
要求文章不少于300字，比较简单。
总的来说今年基础英语挺难的。
二.英语翻译基础 1词条互译 a汉译英:1君子合而不同 2礼尚往来 3民以食为天 4天下兴亡，匹夫有责 5海阔凭鱼跃，天高任鸟飞 6苟利社稷，生死以之 7胚胎干细胞 8彩超9临终关怀 10办公自动化 11慢性腹泻 12战略合作伙伴关系 b.英译汉:1domino effect 2Justice has long arms. 3Procrastination is the thief of time. 4A hedge between keeps friendship green. 5Plato is dear to me,but dearer still is the truth 6Reading make a full man,conference a ready man,and writing an exact man.7cerebral concussion 8obsessive compulsive disorder 9embryonic stem cell 今年英汉互译很多谚语，较难。
Text A Using Popular Movies in PsychotherapyⅠ. Background information1.Cinematherapy is a relatively new therapeutic approach being used by many psychotherapists and counselors. It is an extension of bibliotherapy, a technique developed by psychiatrist Carl Menninger, who assigned fiction and non fiction books to his patients to help them develop insight and coping strategies. When using a video tape, the individual can view certain segments and important scenes over and over again and use the message in the story to understand himself and his own life more accurately. Cinematherapy is a therapeutic intervention allowing clients to visually assess a film‟s characters interaction with others, their environment, and personal issues, thereby developing a bridge from which positive therapeutic movement may be accomplished. The use of movies as a tool in traditional therapy, diagnostic assistance in counselor training, and classroom guidance/small group counseling in schools has increased in popularity. Watching a movie or a scene unfold is a participatory process for a client. The client is, at some level, emotionally, physically, and cognitively involved in what is being viewed and heard (Tyson, Foster, and Jones, 2000).Cinematherapy can be a powerful catalyst for healing and growth for anybody who is open to learning how movies affect us and to watching certain films with conscious awareness. Cinema therapy allows us to use the effect of imagery, plot, music, etc. in films on our psyche for insight, inspiration, emotional release or relief and natural change.Used as part of psychotherapy, cinema therapy is an innovative method based on traditional therapeutic principles. Even outside a therapist‟s office, following certain guidelines for choosing films and watching them consciously can support personal and spiritual growth. In the case of long standing psychological problems this is only recommended in the context of psychotherapy.The use of film as a tool in therapy likely has a long history. Certainly its use predates the first books on the subject, which appeared in the mid 1990s. But with those first publications, awareness of the practice has spread, and now, more and more therapists recognize the serious value of what has come to be termed cinematherapy.Theoretical ContextWatching a movie with conscious awareness can be similar to experiencing a guided visualization. The therapeutic effect and the theoretical basis for both modalities are therefore closely related. In fact, the use of films in therapy allows us to draw from, and can be integrated into, a range of psychotherapeutic orientations-including depth psychotherapy, cognitive behavior therapy and systems oriented therapy.Since films are metaphors, the depth psychologist can utilize movies in therapy similar to the way in which he/she might use stories, myths, fables, or dreams. The unconscious communicates its content to the conscious mind mostly in symbolic images. We can become aware of this communication through dreams and active imagination,which are windows to the unconscious: both convert the invisible forms of the unconscious into images that are perceptible to the conscious mind. Since films are consecutive images, feeling touched by a movie scene with pleasant or unpleasant emotions shows client and therapist that this scene symbolically reflects relevant unconscious material. Just as with dreams, emotionally charged material becomes accessible to consciousness. The therapist is interested in learning about unconscious material because it often is in conflict with a client‟s conscious ideas, intentions and goals. Exploring the effect of a film can break down the barriers between the two levels of the psyche and set up a genuine flow of communication between them. This helps the client to resolve neurotic conflicts with the unconscious, and thus to learn more about who they really are as authentic human beings. Negative reactions to a movie, a scene or a character can illuminate “shadow”material. By getting inspired, the client can learn to respond to life‟s challenges and changes more successfully from a more present and authentic inner place instead of reacting from old dysfunctional emotional and behavior patterns.Therapists who use cognitive behavior therapy can utilize movies in combination with the established modalities of their field. Films can fulfill the role of a supportive device for understanding maladaptive core beliefs and for cognitive restructuring. Cognitive insights tell clients what to do but affective insights give them the motivation to follow through. In addition films galvanize feelings, which increase the probability that clients will carry out new and desired behaviors. Watching movies at home serves as a bridge between therapy and life. Like any homework, this helps clinicians achieve better continuity of care and leads to greater self reliance. Behavior modification treatment can be supported by watching movies where a character demonstrates courage in face of a challenge. The client becomes motivated to copy the behavior seen on screen and is more open to successfully undergoing treatments such as “exposure with behavior avoidance prevention.”Systems oriented therapists can find support for their approach by choosing movies that communicate unfamiliar concepts of family or organizational systems and their dynamics as well as communication patterns. By utilizing readily grasped images, a film can introduce understanding, often better than can mere words.Guidelines· Start with a film that your client has already seen and that supports your treatment goal. If no appropriate movie comes to mind, use the literature, which offers movie recommendations for specific psychological problems (see bibliography).· Clarify your intent when assigning a film in which a client might mistake the role identification.Discuss positive and negative reactions to film. Use material according to your theoretical orientation. Some evocative questions are: How did the movie touch you, positively or negatively? If the film had a unique message for you, what was it? What new ideas for new behaviors did the movie introduce? Did you experience something that connected you with health and wholeness, your inner wisdom or higher self as you watched the film? What other films can you identify that might take the discussion a step further?2. Bibliotherapy a technique developed by psychiatrist Carl Menninger, who assigned fiction and non fiction books to his patients to help them develop insight and coping strategies, and an innovative therapy that utilizes books and storytelling to help people solve problems and cope with life. It is a family of techniques for structuring interaction between a facilitator and a participant based on mutual sharing of literature. Bibliotherapy generally appears to be more successful as an adjunctive therapy, the basic procedures in conducting bibliotherapy are: (1) motivate the individual or individuals with introductory activities; (2) provide time for reading the material; (3) allow incubation time;(4) provide follow up discussion time, using questions that will lead persons from literal recall of information through interpretation, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation of that information; and (5) conduct evaluation and direct the individual or individuals toward closure—this involves both evaluation by the practitioner and self evaluation by the individual.2. Psychotherapy心理治疗又称精神治疗，是以心理学理论为指导，运用心理学方法，帮助患者了解发病原因及有关影响因素，并通过治疗者的言语、态度和患者对治疗者的信任，对患者进行指导和暗示，唤起患者的积极情绪，以解除症状、治疗疾病，促进康复为目的的治疗方法。
2005~2006学年 第1学期西安交通大学研究生综合英语(II)期末考试试题(b) 姓名姓名学 号 英语班号英语班号 考场考场所在院系所在院系 考试日期考试日期 2006年1月5 日Part One Vocabulary (20 points) Direction: There are 40 i ncomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four four choices choices choices marked marked marked A, A, A, B, B, B, C, C, C, and and and D. D. D. Choose Choose Choose the the the ONE ONE ONE that that that best best best completes completes completes the the sentences. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blacking the corresponding letter with a pencil. 1. Starting with the ____ that there is life on the planet Mars, the scientist went on to develop his argument. A. premise B. pretext C. foundation D. presentation 2. After several nuclear disasters, a ____ has raged over the safety of nuclear energy. A. quarrel B. suspicionC. verdict D. controversy 3. Their diplomatic principles completely laid bare their _____ for world conquest. A. admiration B. ambition C. administration D. orientation 4. The director gave me his _____ that he would double my pay if I did my job well. A. explanation B. obligation C. assuranceD. certainty 5. The Christmas tree was decorated with shining ______ such as colored lights and glass balls. A. ornaments B.B. luxuries luxuries C. exhibits D. complements 6. The two most important ______ in making a cake are flour and sugar. A. elements B. components C. ingredients D. constituents 7. Cultural _____ indicates that human beings hand their languages down from one generation to another. A. translation B. transition C. transmission D. transaction 8. We must look beyond _____ and assumptions and try to discover what is missing. A. justifications B.B. illusions illusions C. manifestations D. specifications 9. No one imagined that the apparently _____ businessman was really a criminal. A. respective B. respectable C. respectful D. realistic 10. If nothing is done to protect the environment, millions of species that are alive today will have become _______. A. deteriorated B. degeneratedC. suppressed D. extinct 11. The ________ of the scientific attitude is that the human mind can succeed in understanding the universe. A. essenceB. texture C. content D. threshold 12. The old lady has developed a ________ cough which cannot be cured completely in a short time. A. perpetual B. permanent C. chronicD. sustained 13. What the correspondent sent us is an ________ news report. We can depend on it. A. evident B. authenticC. ultimate D. immediate 14. Having had her as a professor and adviser, I can tell you that she is an _______ force who pushes her students to excel far beyond their own expectations. A. inspirationalB. educational C. excessive D. instantaneous 15. Some researchers feel that certain people have nervous systems particularly _______ to hot, dry winds. They are what we call weather sensitive people. A. subjective B. subordinate C. liable D. vulnerable 16. Hurricanes are killer winds, and their ________ power lies in the physical damage they can do. A. cumulative B. destructive C. turbulent D. prevalent 17. In some countries, students are expected to be quiet and ________ in the classroom. A. skeptical B. faithful C. obedientD. subsidiary 18. In spite of the _______ economic forecasts, manufacturing output has risen slightly. A. gloomyB. miserable C. shadowy D. obscure 19. Body paint or face paint is used mostly by men in preliterate societies in order to attract good health or to _______ disease. A. set aside B. ward off C. shrug off D. give away 20. The international situation has been growing _______ difficult for the last few years. A. invariably B. presumably C. increasingly D. dominantly 21. He_______ power and became the king of the country upon the death of his father. A. presumed B.B. resumed resumed C. consumed D. assumed 22. 22. My My My concerns concerns concerns are are are not not not on on on religious religious religious grounds grounds grounds or or or on on on the the the basis basis basis of of of a a a perceived perceived perceived ______ ______ ______ ethical ethical principle. A. intrinsic B. exotic C. extol D. inalienable 23. General Johnson and his soldiers were accused of _______ treatment of prisoners of war. A.A. mild mildB. brutal C. fortunate D. tranquil 24. These uses cannot be_______ now; nor are they likely to be in the near future. A. justified B. championed C. concealed D. confined 25. Her misery brought her to the _______ of tears. A. vandalism B. vergeC. vigorous D. zealous 26. His constant attempts to _______ his colleagues ’ achievement eventually cause his dismissal. A. withdraw B. diminish C.C. restrain restrain D. confine 27. That situation made her_______ down a friend’s a friend’s job offer and strike out on her own. job offer and strike out on her own. A. lie B. hold C. turn D. keep 28. It is time to_______ this barbarous custom. A. do away with B. take awayC. get away with D. put away 29. 29. Between Between Between the the the hours hours hours of of of his his his _______ _______ _______ pursuit pursuit pursuit of of of knowledge, I knowledge, I feel feel there there there is is is many many many a a a ““pause pause that that refreshes.refreshes.”” like a cool drink after a long distance travel. A. arduous B. warm-heartedC. absurd D. ambivalent 30. Everything he said was _______ by what happened later. A. obtained B. maintained C. verifiedD. displayed 31. The young woman ______ with an ordinary bank clerk because her parents would not let them marry. A. embittered B. eloped C. endeavored D. estranged 32. She refused to be _______ with her younger brother who has no manners at all. A. reconciled B. receded C. reprimanded D. rudiment 33. The population in this little town is _______ Chinese. A. commonly B. regularly C. predominantly D. popularly 34. If profits should ________ in any field of production, the resulting increase in output would cause price declines. A. appear B . emerge C. cherish D. conceal 35. His speech was careful and _______ but his words seemed to make no sense. A.A. distinguished distinguishedB. distinct C. distinctive D. distinguishable 36. They decided to help the poor girl whose parents died in a car accident return to the classroom by _______ money from the public. A. slaying B.B.soliciting soliciting (请求，招揽，乞求）C. Sequestering （隐居）（隐居） D. sipping 37. Under the threat of terrorists ’ attacks government has to _______ heaps of mails everyday. A. sift through B. sift out C. sift in D. sift down 38. The ability to laugh starts early, but it takes a lifetime to _______. A. compliment B. polish C. perfect D. accomplish 39. His excellent performance _________ him from the regular training.A. A. excused excused B. Hustled （催促）C. Jostled （推撞）（推撞）D. D. MutteredMuttered （小声抱怨）（小声抱怨）40. In order to _________ parents ’ expectations, he did the best to achieve his goal to become an excellent student. A. live up with B. live up C.C. live up to live up to D. live with Part Two Error Identification (20 points)This part consists of 20 sentences. For each of sentences, there is a mistake. Youshould identify it, and then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blacking thecorresponding letter with a pencil.41. Lake Michigan is the third large （largest) of the American Great Lakes and the only one lying wholly A B C within the United States. D 42. Many films produced in the United States during(in) the 1930’s were set in the American Civil A B C War period and the years following them. D 43. Children who form a positive self-concept are are more more assertive, optimistic, confidence , (confident) and A B sociable than those who do not. C D 44. Intaglio( 凹雕艺术）printing is the oppose of relief printing, since the printing is done from ink that is A B C Below(under) the surface of the plate. D 45. From the outset, the formulation and teaching of technique figured prominently in the A B development of American modern dancer. C D 46. Oil sales, which may furnish a significantly fraction of the world’s future energy , vary inA B richness, yielding from four to fifty percent oil by weight. C D 47. Government comprises the set of legal and political institutions that regulate the relationshipsA among members of a society and between the society or outsiders. B C D 48. Niagara Falls is not only one of North America’s g r eatest tourist attractions but also source reatest tourist attractions but also source A B C D of hydroelectricity. 49. Although the beaver is a powerful swimmer, it has difficulty(to) moves the logs and braches it A B C needs for building and for food. D 50. True cedars are members of the pine family and are 120 to 150 feet tall, with erect cones and A B C bunches short, needlelike leaves. D 51. Grandma Moses, the well-known American artist, began to paint at the age of 76 when she A B C could no long(er) do needlework because of arthritis. D 52. In warm-blooded animals, body temperature are(is) maintained within narrow limits regardless A B C of the temperature of the animals’ surroundings. D 53. 53. Bret Bret Bret Harte, Harte, Harte, which(who)which(who) best-known best-known works works works describe describe describe life life life in in in California California California in in in the the the mid-mid-mid-1800’s, 1800’s, helped A B shape the literary movement called local-color writing. C D 54. With the Democrats’ adoption of economic radicalism in the 1890’s, and the Republicans A B C emerged as the majority party in the United States. D 55. The more kinetic energy in the particles of a material, the hottest (hotter)the material is. A B C D 56. Weather forecasting was of vital important(importance) in the seafaring and agricultural lives led by the A B C seventeenth-century European colonists in what is now the United States. D 57.One common herb of the mint family is thyme, the dried leaves and flowering tops of which is A B C used to f lavor (ing)flavor (ing)many different food. D 58. Birds usually have very well-developed sense of sight, and the optic lobes of their brains are A B C correspondingly large. D 59. Peter Cooper launched a number of successful commercial enterprise, including the Canton A B Iron Works in Baltimore, which produced the first commercially operated North American steam C D locomotive. 60. Fainting is caused by stoppage of the blood supply to brain, due to temporary heart fail from A B C shock, weakness, or exhaustion. D Part Three Reading Comprehension (40 Points)Directions: Each of the passages below followed is followed by by 4 For questions. For each each there question there are arefour answers marked A, B, C, and D. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer for each of the questions. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blacking thecorresponding letter with a pencil.Questions 61 to 64 are based on the following passage: The The process process process of of of perceiving perceiving perceiving other other other people people people is is is rarely rarely rarely translated translated translated (to (to (to ourselves ourselves ourselves or or or others) others) others) into into into cold, cold, objective terms. "She was 5 feet 8 inches tall, had fair hair, and wore a colored skirt." More often, we we try try try to to to get get get inside inside inside the the the other other other person person person to to to pinpoint pinpoint pinpoint his his his or or or her her her attitudes, attitudes, attitudes, emotions, emotions, emotions, motivations, motivations, abilities, ideas, and characters. Furthermore, we sometimes behave as if we can accomplish this difficult job very quickly — perhaps with a two-second glance. e W e try try try to to to obtain obtain obtain information information information about about about others others others in in in many many many ways. ways. ways. Berger Berger Berger suggests suggests suggests several several several methods for methods for reducing reducing uncertainties uncertainties uncertainties about about about others: others: others: watching, without watching, without being being noticed, noticed, noticed, a a a person person person interacting with interacting with others, particularly with others who are known to you so you can compare the observed person's behavior with the known others' behavior; observing a person in a situation where social behavior is relatively unrestrained or where a a wide wide variety of behavioral responses are are called called for; deliberately structuring the physical or social environment so as to observe the person's responses to specific stimuli; a sking asking asking people people people who who who have have have had had had or or or have have have frequent contact with frequent contact with t he the the person person person about about him or her; and using various strategies in face-to-face interaction to uncover information about another person — questions, self-disclosures (自我表露), and so on. Getting to know someone is a never-ending task, largely because people are constantly changing and the methods we use to obtain information are often imprecise. Y ou may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him. If we accept the idea that we won't ever fully know know another another another person, person, person, it it it enables enables enables us us us to to to deal deal deal more more more easily easily easily with with with those those those things things things that that that get get get in in in the way the way of accurate knowledge such as secrets and deceptions. It will also keep us from being too surprised or shocked by seemingly inconsistent behavior. Ironically Ironically ((讽刺性地), ), those those those things things things that that that keep keep keep us us us from from from knowing knowing knowing another another another person person person too too too well well well (e.g. (e.g. secrets and deceptions) may be just as important to his development of a satisfying relationship as those those things things things that that that enable enable enable us us us to to to obtain obtain obtain accurate accurate accurate knowledge knowledge knowledge about about about a a a person person person (e.g. (e.g. (e.g. disclosures disclosures disclosures and and truthful statements). 61. The word "pinpoint " (Para. 1, Line 3) basically means "________". A. appreciate B. obtain C. interpret D. identify 62. What do we learn from the first paragraph? A. People are better described in cold, objective terms. B. The difficulty of getting to know a person is usually underestimated . C. One should not judge people by their appearances. D. One is usually subjective when assessing other people's personality. 63. It can be inferred from Berger's suggestions that ________. A. people do not reveal their true self on every occasion B. in most cases we should avoid contacting the observed person directly C. the best way to know a person is by making comparisons D. face-to-face interaction is the best strategy to uncover information about a person 64. In developing personal relationships, secrets and deceptions, in the author's opinion, are ____. A. personal matters that should be seriously dealt with B. barriers that should be done away with C.C. as significant as disclosures and truthful statements as significant as disclosures and truthful statementsD. things people should guard against Questions 65 to 68 are based on the following passage:In the early days of nuclear power, the United States made money on it. But today opponents have so complicated its development that no nuclear plants have been ordered or built here in 12 years. The The greatest fear greatest fear of of nuclear nuclear nuclear power power power opponents opponents opponents has has has always always always been been been a a a reactor reactor reactor meltdown meltdown meltdown ((堆内熔化). Today, Today, the chances the chances of of a a a meltdown meltdown meltdown that would that would threaten threaten U.S. U.S. U.S. public public public health health health are are are very very very little. little. little. But But But to to even even further further further reduce reduce reduce the the the possibility, possibility, possibility, engineers engineers engineers are are are testing testing testing new new new reactors reactors reactors that that that rely rely rely not not not on on on human human judgment to shut them down but on the laws of nature. Now General Electric is already building two advanced reactors in Japan. But don't expect them ever on U.S. shores unless things change in Washington. The procedure procedure for for nuclear power plants is a bad dream. Any time during, or even after, construction, construction, an an an objection objection objection by by by any any any group group group or or or individual individual individual can can can bring bring bring everything everything everything to to to a a a halt halt halt while while while the the matter is investigated or taken to court. Meanwhile, the builder must add nice-but-not-necessary improvements, some of which force him to knock down walls and start over. In every case where a plant has been opposed, the Nuclear Regulation Commission has ultimately granted a license to construct or operate. But the victory often costs so much that the utility ends up abandoning the plant anyway. A case in point is the Shoreham plant on New Y ork's Long Island. Shoreham was a virtual twin to the the Millstone Millstone Millstone plant plant plant in in in Connecticut, Connecticut, Connecticut, both both both ordered ordered ordered in in in the the the mid-'60s. mid-'60s. mid-'60s. Millstone, completed Millstone, completed for for $101 $101 million, has been generating electricity for two decades. Shoreham, however, was singled out by antinuclear antinuclear activists activists activists who, who, who, by by by sending sending sending in in in endless endless endless protests, protests, protests, drove drove drove the the the cost cost cost over over over $5 $5 $5 billion billion billion and and delayed its use for many years. Shoreham Shoreham finally finally finally won won won its its its operation operation operation license. license. license. But But But the the the plant plant plant has has has never never never produced produced produced a watt a watt of of power. power. Governor Mario Cuomo, an opponent of a Shoreham start-up, used his power to force New Y ork's public-utilities commission to accept the following settlement: the power company could pass the cost cost of of of Shoreham Shoreham Shoreham along along along to to to its its its consumers consumers consumers only only only if if if it it it agreed agreed agreed not not not to to to operate operate operate the the the plant! plant! plant! Today, Today, a perfectly good facility, capable of servicing hundreds of thousands of homes, sits rusting. 65. What has made the procedure for licensing nuclear power plants a bad dream? A. The inefficiency of the Nuclear Regulation Commission. B. The enormous cost of construction and operation. C. The length of time it takes to make investigations. D. The objection of the opponents of nuclear power. 66. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that _______. A. it is not technical difficulties that prevent the building of nuclear power plants in the U.S. B. there are not enough safety measures in the U.S. for running new nuclear power plants C. there are already more nuclear power plants than necessary in the U.S. D. the American government will not allow Japanese nuclear reactors to be installed in the U.S. 67. Any objection, however trivial it may be, can _______. A. force the power companies to cancel the project B. delay the construction or operation of a nuclear plant C. cause a serious debate within the Nuclear Regulation Commission D. take the builders to court 68. Governor Mario Cuomo's chief intention in proposing the settlement was to _______. A. stop the Shoreham plant from going into operation B. help the power company to solve its financial problemsC. urge the power company to further increase its power supply D. permit the Shoreham plant to operate under certain conditions Questions 69 to 72 are based on the following passage:In another sign that Hispanics will dominate California's future, a university study has found the ethnics ethnics groups groups groups accounted accounted accounted for for for nearly nearly nearly half half half of of of all all all births births births in in in the the the state state state by by by the the the end end end of of of the the the last last last decade. decade. Hispanic mothers had 247,796 of the 521,265 children born in California in 1998, or 47.5 percent, according to the University of California, Los Angeles study released in December 2001. Non-Hispanic Non-Hispanic Whites Whites Whites had had had 33.9 33.9 33.9 percent, percent, percent, followed followed followed by by by Asians Asians Asians and and and Pacific Pacific Pacific Islanders Islanders Islanders with with with 10.7 10.7 percent. Blacks Blacks represented represented represented 6.8 6.8 6.8 percent percent percent of of of births births births and and and American American American Indians Indians Indians a a a half-percent half-percent half-percent of of of all all all births. births. California's future economic health depends upon those Hispanics, who soon will be the majority of young adults and hence the working force, says David Hayes-Bautista, director of the Center for the Study of Latino Health and Culture at UCLA. The study , based on state health department statistics, confirms the ethnic shift that made 2001 the year California officially lost its White majority. The U.S. Census showed that Hispanics made up nearly a third while non-Hispanic Whites slipped to less than half of the state's total population of 33.9 million. California's experience is part of a “sea change” in the United States, where 23 states already already have have have Hispanics Hispanics Hispanics as as as their their their largest largest largest ethnic ethnic ethnic minority. minority. minority. Dr. Dr. Dr. Harry Harry Harry Pachon Pachon Pachon sa sa says, ys, ys, “Hispanics “Hispanics “Hispanics are are becoming more prominent in everything from movies to politics, and that is good for the state. If there there was was was no no no penetration penetration penetration of of of social social social and and and political political political institutions, institutions, institutions, then then then you you you would would would have have have an an an isolated isolated minority minority and and and that's that's that's a a a recipe recipe recipe for social for social unrest. unrest. On On On the the the other other other hand, hand, hand, by by by the the the third third third generation generation generation one one one of of every two Hispanics have married outside of their ethnic group. There's a Latinization of America but there's also an Americanization of Latinos. By third generation, a lot of them are losing their Span Spanish, they prefer American NFL to soccer.”ish, they prefer American NFL to soccer.”Overall, nearly 65 percent of all Hispanic mothers were immigrants, ranking them second to Asian and Pacific Islanders at more than 84 percent. The babies tend to grow up healthy as well. Studies have shown that at virtually all stages of life, Hispanics, at least in California, Arizona and Texas, tended to suffer fewer major health problems, such as heart attacks, cancer and strokes, than other ethnic ethnic groups, groups, groups, Hayes-Bautista Hayes-Bautista Hayes-Bautista noted. noted. noted. Only Only Only about about about 15 15 15 percent percent percent of of of Hispanic Hispanic Hispanic mothers were mothers were 19 19 years years old or younger. By comparison nearly 17 percent of Blacks and 19 percent of American Indians were teen-agers. Non-Hispanic Whites had a figure of nearly 7 percent. 69. Hispanic mothers had _______ of the babies born in California in 1998. A. 50% B. 47.5% C. 33.9% D. 10.7% 70. David Hayes-Bautista believes that _______. A. Hispanics will become the backbone of future Californian economy B. the white culture will dominate California's future C. the state government should keep control on the population growth D. the population distribution should be somehow re-arranged 71. By 2001, California had _______. A. more Hispanics than any other ethnic group B. white people as minority C. Non-Hispanic White is still the largest minority group by number D. Asian population of 1/3 72. Which of the following statements is Dr. Harry Pachon most likely to agree with? A. It's good that Hispanics are more involved in politics. B. Social unrests are more likely to occur when one ethnics groups becomes overpowering. C. Hispanics are more likely to marry within their own ethnic group. D. Latinization of America is taking place faster than the Americanization of Latinos. Questions 73 to 76 are based on the following passage:More More Americans Americans Americans are cohabiting are cohabiting — living living together together together out out out of of of wedlock wedlock wedlock —— than ever. ever. Some Some Some experts experts applaud the practice, but others warn that playing house doesn’t always lead to marital bliss. At one one time time time in in in America, America, America, living living living together together together out out out of of of wedlock was scandalous. wedlock was scandalous. Unmarried Unmarried couples couples couples who who “shacked “shacked up” up” up” were were were said said said to to to be be be “living “living “living in in in sin.” sin.” sin.” Indeed, Indeed, Indeed, cohabitation cohabitation cohabitation was was was illegal illegal illegal throughout throughout throughout the the country country until until until about about about 1970. 1970. 1970. (It remains (It remains illegal illegal in in in 12 12 12 states, states, states, although although although the the the laws laws laws are rarely, are rarely, if if ever, ever, enforced). Today, statistics tell a different tale. The number of unwed couples living together has risen to a new high — more than 4.1 million as of March 1997, according to the Census Bureau. That That figure was figure was up up from from from 3.96 3.96 3.96 million million million couples couples couples the the the previous previous previous year year year and and and represents represents represents a a a quantum quantum quantum leap leap from the 430,000 cohabiting couples counted in 1960. The bureau found that cohabiting is most popular in the 24-to-35 age group, accounting for 1.6 million million such such such couples. couples. couples. Cohabitants Cohabitants Cohabitants say say say they they they live live live together together together primarily primarily primarily to to to solidify solidify solidify their their their love love love and and commitment commitment to to to each each each other, other, other, studies studies studies report. report. report. Most Most Most intend intend intend to marry; to marry; only only 13 13 13 percent percent percent of cohabitants of cohabitants don’t expect to make their relationship legal. But the reality for many couples is different: Moving in doesn’t lead to “happily ever after.” 40 percent of cohabitants never make it to the altar. Of the 60 percent who do marry, more than half divorce within 10 years (compared with 30 percent of married couples who didn’t live together first). Cohabiting partners are more unfaithful and fight more often than married couples, according to research research by the by the Howard Howard Center Center Center for for for Family, Family, Family, Religion Religion Religion and and and Society. Society. Society. Other Other Other studies studies studies have have have come come come to to equally dour conclusions. Still, Still, experts experts experts predict predict predict the the the number number number of cohabiting of cohabiting couples couples is is is likely likely likely to to to grow. grow. grow. As the children As the children o f of of the the 。
UNIT 1 Low-Carbon Economy2. Vocabulary(1) adverse (2) stark (3) inflict (4) systematically (5) triggered(6)improvident (7) incurred (8) alternative (9) lost out on (10) settled onB C A D B C A D C D3. Cloze(1) embraced (2) sped up (3) running out (4) urgency(5) initiative (6) specific (7) designated (8) contribute(9) incorporate (10) hampering (11) reward (12) involved(13) adverse (14) adaptive (15) vulnerability (16) alternative(17) context (18) due to (19) compensation (20) scheduled4. Translationa. Chinese to English1) Translate the following sentences into English.(1) Bending under the weight of the packs, sweating, they climbed steadily in the pine forest that covered the mountainside.(2) Concentrating on time passing, as we do when bored, will trigger brain activity which will make it seem as though the clock is ticking more slowly.(3) Unemployment shot up in France during the second quarter, and the country’s top finance official said the situation will continue to aggravate even if a global economic recovery gathers pace. It was the worst quarterly unemployment in France since early 2006.(4) As social practice continues to develop, we should keep renewing our ideas and make innovations courageously in light of practical needs.(5) Bicycles are regarded as an economical alternative to buses whose fares have increased 3 times in the past few years.(6) The U.S. government has called on people to save water because the scarcity of water has become a source of global tension ecologically, economically and politically.(7) In order to be a recognized leader in the industry, it’s essential for a company to improve production quality and tap the overseas market through the help of state-of-the-art technologies and equipment.(8) If you are thinking about coming to Britain for Christmas, it might be a good idea to think again. That’s because thousands of Christmas travelers have been stranded in the UK as adverse weather conditions caused massive disruption to the transport infrastructure.2) Translate the following paragraphs into English.Scientists say the warming of the planet will be gradual, but that extreme weather events will increase in frequency and intensity. They say the effects of more storms, floods, droughts and heat waves will be abrupt and profound. The World Health Organization says the effects of so-called climate-sensitive diseases already are killing millions of people.Climate change is a global phenomenon. While no country will be exempt, she says its consequences will not be evenly distributed. The WHO chief says poor countries that already are struggling with huge problems will be most affected. Fragile health systems in the developing world will come under increased stress. They will have great difficulty coping with the increased burden of disease and other health problems.b. English to Chinese1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.很多权威的气候学家们都曾发出过这样的警告: 如果我们现在的温度超过工业化前2摄氏度(3.6华氏度)的话,我们将会迈进一个危险的未知国度。
