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Kemira石油助剂石油助剂用途：用于油田钻井清蜡、缓蚀、防膨、解堵等。
1.絮凝剂C-460阳离子聚丙烯酰胺C-460是一种合成的高分子量聚丙烯酰胺，以无粉尘和自由流动的白色微颗粒状态供应给用户。
C-460能完全溶于水，形成粘度很高的溶液。
C-460 具有中等到高的阳电荷性；简介：主要用于处理需要离心或带滤处理的有机工业污泥和城市污泥，亦用于活性污泥的浓缩处理，其有效PH值范围广。
?产品类型包括粉状的阴离子、阳离子、非离子和两性离子型聚丙烯酰胺，乳液聚丙烯酰胺系列产品。
常规产品型号近百余种，可以适应各行业不同的工艺条件和物料性质2.乳化剂由多种表面活性基团的分子结构设计。
具有良好的乳化效果,可以形成稳定的油在水乳液。
使用乳化剂可以形成一个逆乳化油基钻井液体系。
油基钻井液流变特性稳定、高YP /光伏电稳定性高,低的高温高压失水,强烈的反污染前后的老化。
该系统具有广泛的应用。
40之间和200°C系统具有良好的适用性。
密度范围从到克/立方厘米。
乳化剂主要为油基钻井液乳化剂。
它可以使钻井液体系具有较高的稳定性与低剂量。
3.减阻剂（水溶性、有机相）水溶性减阻剂主要成分: 聚环氧乙烷、聚丙烯酰胺和瓜尔胶；有机相减阻剂主要成分：氢化聚异戊二烯、聚异丁烯、无规聚丙烯、丁二烯与苯乙烯的嵌段共聚物、乙烯与乙烯基酯类的共聚物、聚丙烯酰胺（用％～％的水溶液加到原油中，控制含量在2～5ppm）、乙烯-丙烯共聚物、α-烯烃的梳状共聚物等等应用：减阻剂目前已广泛应用于各个领域，取得良好的效果。
例如，在消防水带中加入聚环氧乙烷后，用直径较小的水带仍能维持水的流量不变，便于消防人员携带；在农田灌溉中加入减阻剂后,可提高灌溉效率,扩大灌溉面积；在输水和输油系统中加入减阻剂可节省能耗；在泄洪管道中，当出现洪峰时用减阻剂也可提高泄洪效率；在油井钻探方面，在注入水中加入高分子减阻剂可大大提高注入速率。
高分子减阻剂的缺点是价格较贵,不耐剪切应力,易于降解，反复使用或长途使用时减阻效率会降低。
汽轮机常用英文缩写（一）A/M auto/manual 自动/手动ADS automatic dispatch system 自动调度系统AGC automatic generator control 机组自动发电控制AOP auxiliaty oil pump 辅助油泵AOV air operated valve 汽动门AST automatic stop trip 自动停机跳闸系统A-STP auto stop 自动停止A-STRT auto start 自动启动ATC automatic turbine control 汽轮机自动控制A-TRIP auto trip 自动跳闸AUX auxiliary 辅助的BAF baffle 隔板BASE base 基本方式BBL barrel 圆筒型支架BF boiler follow 锅炉跟随方式BKUP backup 备用BOPMS balance of plant master system 机组辅助设备主控顺序BP base plate 底版，支撑板BPS bypass control system 旁路控制系统BRG bearing 轴承BW backwash 反洗BYP bypass 旁路CAB cabinet 小室CAEP condenser air extraction pump 真空泵CAV cavity 空腔CAVIT cavitation 汽蚀CC closing coil 闭式循环CCCW closed circuit cooling water 闭式循环冷却水CCCWP closed circuit cooling water pump 闭式循环冷却水泵CCW condenser circulating water 循环水CCW counter clockwise 逆时针的CCWP condenser circulating water pump 循环水泵CE case expansion 缸胀CEP condensate extraction pump 凝结水泵CHEM chemical 化学CIV close interceptor valve 关中压调门CLD cold/cooled 冷的CLF clarifier 净化器CLG cooling 冷却CLNG cleaning 清洁，净化CLR cool 冷却器CLS close 关CLSD closed 已关CLU clutch 离合器CND conduit 管道，导线管CNDCT conductivity 导电率，传导率COAG coagulant 凝结剂COAX coaxial 同轴的COND condenser 凝汽器COOL coolant 冷却介质COR coordination 协调控制方式COV cover 外壳CPLG coupling 偶合器，连轴器CRH cold reheat 冷再热CRIT critical 临界的，关键的CSG casing 汽缸CT combustion turbine 燃气轮机CTW cooling tower 冷水塔CV control valve 高调门CW circulating water 循环水CW cooling water 冷却水CWP circulating water pump 循环水泵CYL cylingder 汽缸D density 密度，浓度DE differential expansion 胀差DEA deaerator 除氧器DECR decrease 下降DEG degree(s) 度DEGC degrees celsius 摄氏度DEH digital electro-hydraulic control system 数字电液调节系统DEH digital 数字电液DEMIN demineralization 除盐DESALN desalination 除盐DGS degasifier 脱气器，除氧器DIL dilute/dilution 冲淡稀释DISH dissolved hydrogen 溶氢DISO dissolved oxygen 溶氧DMNRLZR demineralizer 除盐装置DOS dosing 配料，加药DR door 门DSTL distill 蒸馏DSTLT distillate 蒸馏EBOP emergency bearing oil pump 事故轴承油泵ECC eccentricity 偏心度EH electrohydraulic 电液EHC electrohydraulic control 电液控制EOP emergency oil pump 事故油泵ES extraction steam 抽汽ETS emergency trip system 汽轮机紧急跳闸保护系统EXCH exhange/exhanger 交换/交换器EXH exhaust 排气/排汽EXHD exhaust hood 排汽罩/排汽缸EXTR extraction/extractor 抽取/抽汽器FA full arc 全周，全周进汽FCB faster cut back 机组快速甩负荷FCPLG fluid (hydraulic) coupling 液力偶合器FILL filling 充水，充汽FJCTR ejector 抽气器，喷射器FL fluid 流体，液体FLG flange 法兰FLTK flash tank 扩容器FLTR filter 过滤器FLTRG filtering 过滤FNL final 末级，最后FST first 第一级FW feedwater 给水FWP feedwater pump 给水泵GATE gate 门，导叶GLND gland 密封装置，压盖GLND ST gland steam 密封蒸汽，轴封蒸汽GT gas turbine 燃气轮机GTG gas turbine generator 燃气轮机发电机GTV gate valve 闸门GV governor valve 主汽调节门HCL hydrochloric acid 盐酸HDR header 母管，联箱HITASS hitichi turbine automatic start-up system 日立汽轮机自启动系统HL heat loss 热损失HORIZ horizontal 水平的，卧式的HP high pressure 高压HPR hopper 斗，漏斗HPSV high pressure stop valve 高压主汽门HRH hot reheat 再热热段HRSG heat recovery steam generator 回热式汽轮发电机HRT heat rate 热耗率HRU heat recovery unit 回热式机组HS high speed 高速HT heat 加热HTG heating 加热HTR heater 加热器HU humidifier 加湿器HW hotwell 热井HX heat exchange 热交换器HYDR hydraulic 液力的HYDRO hydrostatic 静水的HYPCL hypochlorite 氯化物ICBV interceptor control bypass valve 中调门旁路门ICV interceptor control valve 中调门IMPLR impeller 叶轮INJ injection 喷射INRTNG inerting 惰性的INTMD intermediate 中间的IP intermediate pressure 中压IPSW intermediate press service water 中压厂用水IPSWP intermediate press service water pump 中压厂用水泵IV interceptor valve 中压调节汽门JB junction box 接线盒，连轴器JCT junction 连接JNL journal 轴径JOP jacking oil pump 顶轴油泵LIQ liquid 液体LKG leakage/leaking 泄漏LO lube oil 润滑油LOFF leakoff 泄漏的，已漏的LOP lube oil pump 润滑油泵LP low pressure 低压LUB lube/lubrication 润滑MACH machine 机器MANF manifold 母管MDBFP motor driven boil feed pump 电泵MEH microprocessor electric hydraulic control 微机化电液调节系统MEZZ mezzanine 高压加热器MOP main oil pump 主油泵MOT main oil tank 主油箱MOV motor operated valve 电动门MS main steam 主蒸汽MSSV main steam stop valve 主汽门MSV main steam valve 主汽门MSV main stop valve 主截门MTS master trip solenoid 主跳闸电磁阀NOL normal oil level 正常油位NRV non return valve 逆止阀OIV open interceptor valve 开中压调门OPC overspeed protect controller 超速保护控制PLSH polish/polishing 精处理PLSHR polisher 精处理器PNEU pneumatic 气动的PPS 汽轮机防进水保护RB run back 辅机故障减负荷RD run down 负荷迫降REV reverse 反向REVD reversed 反向的REVLN revolution 转数RNBK runback 快速减负荷ROT rotary 转动的ROTAT rotate 转动ROTATN rotation 转动RPD rupturing disc 叶片断裂RPM revolutions per minute 每分钟的转数RPS revolutions per second 每秒钟的转数RSV reheat stop valve 中压主汽门RSV reserve 备用RTN-N return to normal 复位RTR rotor 转子RU run up 负荷迫升RUNNG running 运行RV self-regulating valve 自动调整门S/O shutoff 断开SA OFF semi-auto off 半自动关SA ON semi-auto on 半自动开SAF safety 安全SD shutdown 停机SEL select 选择SELD selected 已选好的SEP separate/separator 分离/分离器SET setting/settling 设定SEW sewer 下水道SFT shaft 轴SG standby generator 备用发电机SHL shell 外壳SJAE steam jet air ejector 射汽抽气器SK sink 排水管，排水沟，散热器SO seal oil 密封油SOP seal oil pump 密封油泵SP set point 设定值SPD speed 速度SPGR specific gravity 比重SPRG sparging 喷淋，鼓泡SPRY spary 喷射SPVOL specific volume 比容SS selector switch 选择开关STG stage 级STG steam turbine generator 汽轮发电机STP stop 停止STPD stopped 已停止STPG stopping 停止的STR strainer 拉紧装置，过滤器STRT start 启动STRTD started 已启动的STRTG starting 启动的SU startup 开机SU/SD startup/shutdown 开机/停机SUB submerged 浸在水中的SUCT suction 吸入，抽真空SUP support 支承SUPV supervisory 监视的SUPVN supervision 监视SV servo valve 电液伺服阀（电液转换器）SV stop valve 截止门SWC service water closed 闭式水SWCP service water closed pump 闭式水泵SWCS service water closed sump 闭式水箱SWO service water open 开式水SWOP service water open pump 开式水泵TCS turbine control system 汽轮机控制系统TDM turbine diagnose monitoring 汽轮机运行监视、诊断管理TEMP temperature 温度TF turbine follow 汽机跟随方式T-G turbine generator 汽轮发电机TGOP turbine gear oil pump 盘车油泵TGR turbine gear 盘车THR thrust 推力THRBRG thrust bearing 推力轴承THRM thermal 热力的THROT throttle 节流TK tank 箱，容器T-MCR turbine maximum continous rate 汽轮机最大连续出力TPC throttlt pressure control 主蒸汽压力控制TRSHRK trashrack 滤网TRTMT treatment 处理TRVL travel/travelling 运行，旋转TRVSCN travelling screens 旋转滤网TSI turbine supervisory instrument 汽轮机监测仪表系统TSI turbine supervisory instrumentation 汽轮机检测仪表TURB turbine 汽轮机TURBFLW turbine flow 汽轮机流量TURN turning 转动TV throttle valve 主汽门TWR tower 塔UAM unit automatic management 机组自启停管理系统UM unit master 机组主控UMS unit master sequence 机组主控顺序UNBAL unbalance(d) 不平衡UPR upper 上部的UPSTR upstream 上游的；逆流的；进口的VAC vacuum 真空VAP vapor 蒸汽VERT vertical 垂直的VIB vibrator/vibration 振动器/振动VLV valve 阀门VOL volume 体积；容积VP pneumaticlly operated valve 气动门V-V 通风排汽阀VWO valve wide open 阀门全开WASH washer/washing 冲洗WMUP warmup 暖机WTR water 水ZS 零转速监视系统OPEN 敞开。
Aabrasion 磨耗accumulation 堆积物acrylic 丙烯酸的activate 活化，刺激activated carbon 活性炭activation 活化作用activator 活化剂adhere 粘着adhesion 粘附adhesion 粘合adhesion 粘着，粘附adjacent 邻近adjacent 相邻的，邻近的adjustable 可调节的adsorbent 吸附剂advent 出现aeration 充气aeration 充气aerofloat 黑药（捕收剂）aerophilic 亲气的aerophilic 亲气的aerophobic 疏气的affinity 亲和力agglomerate 凝聚aggregate 填料agitation 搅拌agitation 搅拌air-avid property 亲水性alkaline 碱性alkaline 碱性alkyl sulfate 烷基硫酸盐allotrope 同素异形体alloy 合成alloy 合金alluvial 冲击aluminosilicate 铝硅酸盐amalgamation 混汞法amine protein 氨蛋白amine 胺amino group 氨基amorphous 无定形的ampere 安培amyl 戊基analogous 类似的ancillary 辅助anion 负离子anionic 阴离子的anionic 阴离子的，带负电的annular 环形的apex 沉砂口apparent viscosity 表观粘度apparent 外观上的applicable 适用的appraisal 评价appraisal 评价，估计approximately 接近地aqua regia 王水aqueous chemical extraction process 湿法化学提取arcing 电弧作用aromatic alcohol 芳香醇arsenic 砷的，含砷的arsenopyrite 毒砂arsenopyrite 砷黄铁矿，毒砂artificial satellites 人造卫星asbestos石棉ascend 提升assay 试验assess 评定astronauts 宇航员asymmetric 不对称的，不均匀的at will 任意的atomize 雾化，粉化attrition 磨损augment 增加auric 金的，含金的，三价金的auride 金化物aurocyanide complex 氰化金络合物aurocyanide 氰亚金酸盐aurous 亚金的，一价金的aurum 金availability 来源axis 轴线azurite 蓝铜矿Bback-fill 回填（料）back-filling 回填baffle 导流板，栅板balium 钡barite 重晶石barren 贫瘠的batch flotation cell 单槽浮选机bath （重介质）分选槽beach sand 海滨砂beamed 定向的bismuth 铋blade 叶片，刀刃blend 混合blower 鼓风机boil 沸腾bonding sites 活性点borax 硼砂boron 硼borrowed fill 外来料bowl 滚筒brass tube 黄铜管bridge thickener 桥梁式浓密机bromide 溴化物bromoform 溴仿，三溴甲烷bronze 青铜bubble 气泡bulk-oil floatation 全油浮选bullion 金块by convention 按照惯例by virtue of 根据Ccaesium 铯cake filter 饼式过滤机calacerite 碲金矿calcined 煅烧calcite 方解石calcium fluoride 氟化钙calcium hydroxide 氢氧化钙calibrated orifice plate 调节孔板caloium 钙capital 资本carbon disulphide 二硫化碳carbon tetrachloride 四氯化碳carbonaceous 碳质的carbon-in-leach 炭浸法carbon-in-pulp process 炭浆法carbonyl 羰基carboxyl 羧基carboxylate 羧酸盐carnallite 光卤石cascade cell 喷流槽，泻落槽cassiterite 锡石catalyst 催化剂cater 满足cationic 阳离子的caustic 腐蚀性的cement 水泥centrifugal 离心的centrifugal 离心的centrifuge 离心机ceramics 陶瓷业cerussite 白铅矿chalcopyrite 黄铜矿chamber or recessed plate filter press 箱式或凹板式压缩机charcoal 木炭chemisortion 化学吸附作用chlorauric 氯金酸chlorination 氯化，用氯气处理chute 斜槽chute 装矿溜口circuit 回路circulating loads 循环负荷clarification filter 澄清式过滤机clarifier 澄清机clarifying capacity 澄清能力clarity 透明clean 精选cleaner cell 精选槽cleaner 品位高clerici solution 克列里奇夜coagulant 凝聚剂，凝结剂coagulation 凝结，凝聚coagulation 凝聚coagulator 凝聚剂coal preparation engineer 选煤工程师coalescing 兼并cobbing 粗选coconut shells 椰子壳collection 回收collection 收集collectors 捕收剂collidal 胶体collide 碰撞collide 碰撞collieries 煤矿colloidal 胶体colloidal 胶体的come into contact with 与- -接触commercial scale工业规模compatible 兼容，共处compensate 补偿complete 完全的complexant 配位剂component 组件compound 化合物compressed 扁平的comprise 包括concentration 浓度concurrent low-intensity magnetic separator 顺流式弱磁选机conditioning 调浆conducting particles 导电颗粒conductor grain 导体颗粒confined 限制connote 意味着constituents 成分constituents 组分，成分contact angle 接触角contamanant 污染物质，杂质contaminate 污染，混杂contaminated 受污染的contamination 污染controversial 有争议的conventional 常规的，常见的conventional 常见的conventional 常见的converge 集中converging field 收敛磁场converse 聚合conversely 相反的copper matte 冰铜copper sulphate 硫酸铜copper sulphide 硫化铜corona discharge 电晕放电corresponding 一致的，相应的corrosion resistant 耐腐蚀corrosion 腐蚀corrosion 腐蚀，侵蚀corrosive 腐蚀性的counter current decantation 逆流洗涤counter-current 半逆流counter-ion 反离子counter-rotation 逆流式covalent 共价的cresol 甲酚crest 顶端cresylic acid 甲酚酸crucible 坩埚crystal lattice 晶格crystallization 结晶cumulative 累积的cupellation 灰吹法cyanide 氰化物cyanide 氰化物cylinder 圆柱体cylindrical 圆柱的cylindroconical 圆柱圆锥型Ddecant 澄清的definite 明确的degradation 降解，退化，分解depleted 贫化，耗尽depress 抑制depression 抑制剂descending 下降的detachment 分离，脱离dewater 浓缩，脱水dextrin 糊精diagrammatically 用图表地，概略地diamagnetic 逆磁性diffused 扩散dilute 减少，稀释dilute 稀释diluted 稀释dipole 偶极direct flotation 正浮选discarded 丢弃discrete particles 分散颗粒dispersant 分散剂dispersed 分散dispersing 分散disposal 处理disseminate 传播disseminated 散布的dissipate 驱散dissipate 驱散dissociate 游离，分离dissolve 溶解distillation 蒸馏distillation 蒸馏distributor 分配器，分矿器dithiocarbonate 二硫代碳酸盐dithioposphate 二硫代磷酸盐dixantthogen 双黄药dore bullion 金锭dosage 用量doses 剂量double-layer 双电层downstream tailings dam 下流式（顺流式）尾矿坝drag force （介质）阻力drain 排出drain 排水，流干drainage 排水drastically 彻底地drive shaft 驱动轴drum magnetic separator 筒式磁选机duct 管道ductile 易延展的，柔软的dust 粉尘Ee.m.u system 电磁单位制earthed 接地的ecological 生态的effluent 污水，废水electrical conductivity 导电率，电导率electrode assembly 电极装置，电极组electrode 电极electrodeposition 电沉积electrolysis 电解electrolyte 电解质electrolytic depression 电解质抑制剂electromagnetic coil 电磁线圈electromagnetic separator 电磁磁选机electronegative 电负性的electro-refining 电解精炼electrostatic separation 静电分选electrostatic separator 静电分选机electrostatic 静电electrowinning 电积electrowinning 电积electrum 银金矿，金银合金eliminate 排除eliminated 淘汰elution 解吸elution 洗提，解吸emerged 出现empirical 经验的emulsion 乳状液entrain 夹杂envisage 处理，正视equivalent 等价的eroded 侵蚀ester 酯ethers 醚ethyl 乙基evanescent 易破的evolve 进化exclusion 排斥exotic 外来的，奇异的exploration 勘探exponent 指数external 外部的extraction 抽提，提取Ffacilitate 促进facilitate 助长，促进facilities 设备fast-floating 易浮的fatty acid 脂肪酸feasibility 可行性feebly 弱ferromagnetic 铁磁性的ferrosilicon 硅铁合金ferrous mineral 黑色金属矿物filter cake 滤饼filter 过滤filter 过滤机filtration 过滤filtration 过滤flange 法兰flat magnetic pole 平面磁极floatability 可浮性floatability 可浮性floatation cell 浮选槽floc 絮状物，絮团flocculant 絮凝剂flocculate 絮凝，凝结flocculation or agglomeration 团聚，絮凝flocculation 絮凝flocculation 絮凝flocculent 絮凝剂flotation circuit and machines 浮选回路及浮选设备flotation circuit 浮选回路，浮选流程flotation column 浮选柱flowsheet 工艺流程图flowsheet 流程fluctuations 波动，起伏flung 投掷，扔fluorite 萤石fluxes 助熔剂foamy 泡沫fouling 污染fragment 碎屑，碎片free-fall 自由落体free-milling ores 易选矿石frictional 摩擦的froth flotation 泡沫浮选frother 起泡剂Frothers 起泡剂fume 烟雾，冒烟fumes 烟气furnace lining 炉衬furnace 炉Ggalena 方铅矿gap 间隙gas phase 气相gaseous ionization 气体离子化gassy 含气的gelatine 胶质，白明胶Gibbs free energy 吉布斯自由能glass fibre 玻璃纤维glass sand 玻璃砂glue 胶水glycol 乙二醇gold cyanide leaching 黄金的氰化浸出gold film 金薄gold inventory 金的滞留量gold melting 黄金冶炼gold refining 黄金精炼gradient 梯度gram 克graphically 生动的graphite 石墨graphite 石墨graphite 石墨gravitate 吸引gravity field 重力场ground 研磨grounded 接地的guar gum 古阿胶Hhalide 卤化物Hallimond tube 哈里蒙特浮选管halogens 卤素hazart 危害，危险heap or dump leaching 堆浸helmet 头盔hematite 赤铁矿hematite 赤铁矿heteropolar 异极性的hexyl 己基high gradient magnetic separator（HGMS）高梯度磁选机high-tension electrostatic separator 高压静电分选机high-tension separator 高压电选机hindered settling 干涉沉降hollow 空心的horizontal belt filter 水平带式过滤机humidity 湿度hydrated layer 水化层hydro cyclone 水利旋流器hydrocarbon 烃，碳氢化合物hydrodynamic 流体阻力hydrogen cyanide 氰化氢hydrolyses 水解hydrometallurgical 湿法冶金学的hydrophobic 疏水的hydrophobic 疏水的hydrostatic head 水力静压头hydrothermal 热液hydroxide 氢氧化镁Iigneous rock 火成岩ilmenite 钛铁矿ilmenite 钛铁矿imparted 给予，传递impeller 叶轮implemented 实施，应用imposed 施加的，应用的impound 筑坝堵水impurities 杂质impurity 杂质in preference to 优先于inactivation 钝化inches 英尺incombustible material 非可燃物incorporate 合并incorporated 包含incremental 增加的induce 引起induced roll magnetic separator 感应辊式磁选机induction furnace 感应炉inertial 惯性的inertness 惰性infared 红外的inherently 固有的，内在的initial interfacial energy 初态界面能initial 最初inquarted 分银法（熔银分金法）integrally 完整的intensity of magnetization 磁化强度intensive leaching 强化浸出interface 界面interfacial tensile force 表面张力interfere 阻碍，干涉interparticle 粒子间inverted 倒置的iodide 碘化物ionogenic polar group 离子化极性基iron-bearing 含铁的isobutyl 异丁基isopropyl 异丙基Jjet aircraft 喷气式飞机jewelry 首饰Jones wet-intensity magnetic separator 琼斯湿式强磁选机jute 黄麻纤维Kkarat 开kerosene 煤油kinetics 动力学krennerite 白碲金银矿Llagoon 尾矿池lamination 薄片lead chromate 铬酸铅leak 泄露leftover 剩下的Lesson FiveLesson Fivelesson FourLesson FourLesson FourLesson OneLesson OneLesson one magnetic separation 磁力分选Lesson one 重介质分选原理Lesson SevenLesson SixLesson ThreeLesson threeLesson ThreeLesson threeLesson Three lesson TwoLesson TwoLesson TwoLesson TwoLesson Twolethal 致命的lever 杠杆Levitation 浮起，升起liable 易于lifting effect 提升效应limestone 石灰石lines of force 磁力线linoleic acid 亚麻酸lipides 油脂liquor 液体，溶液liter 升litharge 一氧化铅loading 负荷，给料lode 脉，矿脉longitudinal 纵向的low-intensity magnetic separator 弱磁选机Mmagnesite 菱镁矿magnetic field gradient 磁场梯度magnetic field 磁场magnetic floc 磁絮团，磁团聚magnetic induction 磁感应强度magnetic permeability 磁导率magnetic remanence 顽磁magnetic separator 磁力分选设备magnetic susceptibility 磁化率，磁化系数magnetism 磁性，磁力magnetite 磁铁矿magnetohydrostatic 流体静力学magnetomotive force 磁动力magnitude 大小magnitude 量级，大小malachite 孔雀石Malaysia 马来西亚malleable 有延展性的manganese dioxide 二氧化锰manufacture 制造medium-cleaning 介质-净化mercaptan 硫醇mercury 水银mercury 水银mesh 网目methyl isobutyl carbinol 甲基异丁基甲醇methylene 二碘甲烷micro 微米mild steel 低碳钢milk of lime 石灰乳mined-out area 采空区mineralization of air bubble 气泡的矿化mineralization 矿化minute grains 微小颗粒miscellaneous 多种多样的miscible 混熔misplaced material混杂物料moisture resistant 水分含量molecular 分子的molybdenite 辉钼矿molybdenum 钼monetary 货币的monolayer 单层monomer 单体monomolecular sheath 单分子层motor 马达mounted 安装multi-layers 多层的multiple 多样的muthmannite 板碲金银矿mutual 相互的Nnagyagite 叶碲矿naked eye 肉眼nanoparticle 纳米naphthenic 环烷酸near-density materials 近比重物料negative polarity 负极negative 负的negligible 可以忽略的neutral 中性neutral 中性neutralize 中和nitrate 硝酸盐nitric acid 硝酸nitrogen 氮noble 高贵的non-ferrous metals 有色金属non-ferrous mineral 有色金属矿物nozzle 喷嘴nugget 天然金块nylon 尼龙Oobsolete 过时的occurrence 存在状态，赋存状态Oersted 奥斯特oleic acid 油酸open pit 露天矿open-pit mines 露天矿opposed 相对的optimization 最佳的orifice 孔original 最初的orth-phosphate 正磷酸盐ounc 盎司outlet 出口overflow lip 溢流口overflow weir 溢流堰oxhydryl 羟基oxidation stage 氧化态Ppaddle 挡板paddle 闸板，叶片pan filter盘式过滤机parallel 平行paramagnetic salt 顺磁性的盐paramagnetic 顺磁性parameter 参数parameters 参数partition 分配，分布patented 专利peat 泥炭percolates 浸透，渗出performance 性能perimeter 周边periodic table 周期表peripheral 辅助资料，其他资料periphery drive mechanism周边传动装置permanent magnetic separator 永磁磁选机permeable base 有孔底板permeable 有渗透性的petzite针碲银矿，碲金银矿pH modifier pH调整剂phenol 苯酚phosphate rock 磷酸盐phsico-chemical 物理化学的pick-up 抽吸作用pine oil 松节油pinning effect 吸附效应plate and frame filter press 板框式压缩机plating 镀层，电镀platinum group 铂族platinum 铂plotted 绘制plunge 浸没pneumatic machine 充气浮选机polarity 极性polarity 极性polarity 正负极pollutant 污染物polyacrylamide 聚丙烯酰胺polyelectrolyte 聚合电解质polyglycols 聚乙二醇polymer 聚合体polymeric 高分子的porcelain 瓷器pores 孔pores 孔隙，毛孔porosity 孔隙率porous medium 多孔介质porous 多孔的potassium dichromate 重铬酸钾potassium ethyl xanthate 乙基钾黄药potassium 钾practicable 可行的preceding 之前的precipitate 沉淀precipitated 沉淀precipitation 沉淀precise 精确的preclude 阻止preconditioning 预处理，预先调浆preferentially 优先地pregnant solution 母液preliminary 初步的pressure filter 压滤机profitable 有益的progressive 先进的provision 措施proximity 接近，邻近pseudo-sulphide 准硫化物pulp 矿浆pumping 抽pumps 泵pure 纯purification 提纯purifying 净化pyrometallurgy 热冶学pyrrhotite 雌黄铁矿pyrrhotite 雌黄铁矿pyrrotite 雌黄铁矿Qquebracho 白雀树皮汁quiescent 静止的Rradial vaned wheel 径向叶片railway ballast 道碴rake 倾斜，耙子，刮板raking mechanism 耙动机构rayon 人造丝reagent 试剂recirculated 循环的rectify 整流reducing agent 还原剂reef 矿脉refined 提炼reflector 反射体regulate 调节regulator 调整剂regulator 调整剂rejection 丢弃remanence 剩磁，剩余磁感应repelled 排斥repellent 疏水的reprocessing 再处理repulsion 排斥repulsion 排斥repulsive 排斥residue 残留物resilient 回弹的，弹性的resilient 有回弹力的，能恢复原态的resin acid 树脂酸resin 树脂restrict 限制retained 保持retard 阻止，延缓retarding 阻碍reversal 逆转reversal 逆转，反向reverse flotation 反浮选reverse 反向rigidity 刚度，刚体roast 焙烧rotary kiln 回转炉rotary thermal dryer 回转热力干燥机rotary-disc filter 转盘式过滤机rotary-drum filter 回转筒式过滤机rotor 转子rough 粗选rougher 粗选槽rubidium 铷rutile deposit 金红石矿床Ssaponin 皂角苷scanning electron microscope 扫描电子显微镜scaper 刮板scavenge 扫选scavenger 扫选槽scheelite 白钨矿scheelite 白钨矿schist 片岩scouring 冲洗，精炼scraper 刮刀screening filter 筛式过滤机scroll 螺旋sedimentary rock 沉积岩sedimentation 沉淀，沉降segment 段，链段，片段seismic 地震selective 可选的self-cementing 自身粘合semi-autogenous 半自磨机settle into 沉降settling aid 沉降助剂settling aid 沉降助剂settling rate 沉降速度shaft 轴shale 页岩shallow 浅的sharp separation 精细分选shear force 剪切力shear 剪切side reaction 副反应siderite 菱镁矿sift out 淘汰silica 硅石siliceous 硅酸盐siliceous 含硅的，硅质的simulaneously 同时地sink launder 沉物槽sink-and-float process 浮-沉过程skin flotation 表层浮选slime coating 矿泥罩盖slime 流动，黏slipstream 气流slope 倾斜的slopes 斜率sloping 倾斜的slow-floating 难浮的sludge-well 排矿井sluiced into 流出smelted 精炼smithsonite 菱锌矿soda ash 苏打灰sodium bisulphite 亚硫酸钠sodium borate 硼酸钠sodium carbonate 碳酸钠sodium carbonate 碳酸钠sodium hydroxide 氢氧化钠sodium nitrate 硝酸钠sodium oleate 油酸钠sodium silicate 硅酸钠solely 仅仅solubility 溶解性spacecraft 航天器spans 贯穿sphalerite 闪锌矿sphalerite 闪锌矿splitter plate 分矿板，分隔板sponge 海绵spontaneous 自发的spray pipe 喷嘴stable 稳定stablised 使坚固stainless steel 不锈钢standpipe 喉管starch 淀粉starch 淀粉static 静止的static 静止的steady 稳定的stibnite 辉锑矿stirrer 搅拌器stirrer 搅拌器stoichiometric 化学计量stope 采矿场strontium 锶sub-aeration machine 底部充气浮选机submerged 淹没substantial 实质上，大体上sud 肥皂泡，泡沫sulfated detergent 硫酸化洗涤剂sulfhydryl 硫基sulfide 硫化物sulfonate 磺酸盐sulfonated castor acid 磺化蓖麻油sulphidation 硫化作用sulphide 硫化物sulphidiser 硫化剂sulpho group 硫基sulphocyanate 硫氰酸sulphonated detergent 磺酸化洗涤剂sulphuric acid 硫酸super conducting intensity magnetic separator 超导磁选机supercharging 增压superconducting 超导的superficial 表面的supplementary 补充的，附加的support bearing 支撑轴承surface charge 表面电荷surfactant 表面活性剂surge tank 缓冲槽，振动箱survive 存在susceptibility 磁化率，灵敏性susceptible 易受影响的susceptivity 灵敏性，敏感性suspended 悬浮suspension 悬浮体，悬浮液sustain 维持sylvanite 针碲金银矿sylvite 钾盐symthetic 合成Ttabulated 制表tailings disposal 尾矿处理tailings impoundment 尾矿池take no account of 不考虑talc 滑石tangential 切向的tannin 丹宁tendency 倾向terminal interfacial energy 终态界面能terpineol 萜品醇，松油醇tesla 特斯拉tetrabromoethane 四溴乙烷tetrachloride 四氯化物tetramethylammonium 四甲基铵thallium formate 甲酸亚铊thallium malonate 丙二酸铊therimic regeneration 热再生thermal drying 热力干燥thermal 热的thermodynamics 热力学thick 浓的thickener 浓密机。
clay 白土，高岭土clay coat 白上涂料；白上涂层clay coated 白上涂布coated blanks 白土涂布纸（未经超级压光）coated mixer 白土混合器coated shock 白土调配coated slip 白土悬浮液coated slurry 白土泥浆coated suspension 白土悬浮液coated wash 粘上浆clean out 清洗；清扫clean-out door 清洗排放闸门clean-out valve 清洗排放闸cleaner 净化器，除渣器cleaner stand 筛选设备机架cleaning 清洗，净化，洗净cleaning by dry process 干法净化cleaning by wet process 湿法净化cleaning doctor （除污）刮刀cleanliness 洁净度cleanpac 锥形除渣器cleantrap 低压（大型）除渣器clear cutting 净切边clear liquor 澄清液clear water 澄清水clear－way valve 安全阀clearance 刀距；间隙cleavage 裂开，分裂；离解clipped cut 切边不整齐clipper seam 夹缝clockwise rotation 顺时针旋转clog 堵塞clone 接枝close formation 紧密组织close grain 细致纹理close grained wood 紧密木材close piling 密堆closed air-cushioned headbox 封闭式气垫流浆箱closed circuit 闭合电路；封闭系统closed cycle 全封闭closed frame(supercalender) 双侧机架（超压机）closed headbox 封闭式流浆箱，封闭式网前箱closed hood 全封闭汽罩；封闭罩closed journal type dandy(rool) 封闭轴领式罗纹辊closed loop 封闭线路；封闭系统closed loop control 封闭线路控制系统closed ring 闭环closed system 封闭系统closed type flow box 封闭式流浆箱，封闭式网前箱closed-up surface 表面紧密closed vessed 密闭容器closed water system 封闭用水系统closed white water system 白水封闭系统closeness 紧密度closure 帖封，封闭体cloth finish 布纹装饰clothing 造纸机贵重器材（指毛毯，铜网，塑料网）clotted fibers 块凝纤维，浆块clotting 结块cloud box 云彩组织检查箱cloud box covering 云彩组织检查箱箱盖cloud effect 云彩状组织cloud test 均匀度测定cloudiness 云彩状组织cloudy formation 云彩状组织cloudy look-through 云彩花cloudy water 浓白水cloverotor pump 纤维离解风送机clump 浆块clupak （微皱）伸性纸clupak installation 微皱伸性装置cluster pine(pinus pinaster,pinus maritima) 海岸松，南欧海松cluster setting 分组配置clutch 离合器coagulant 凝结；凝结物coagu;ating 凝结coagulating agent 凝结剂coagulation 凝结作用coagulation bath 凝结浴coal sheet 煤块coal tar 煤焦油，柏油coalescence 聚结coarse fiber bundle 粗纤维束coarse finish 粗纹装饰coarse grained wood 疏松木材coarse mesh wire 粗目网coarse screen 粗筛coarse screenings 粗筛渣coat 涂布coatability 涂布性能coated 涂布的coated blank 涂布卡片纸coated both sides 双面涂布coated bristol 涂布光泽纸coated glassine 涂布半透明纸coated manila 涂布白板纸coated one side 单面涂布coated postcard stock 涂布明信片纸coated tag 涂布标签纸coated tough check 涂布商标纸；涂布标签纸coater 涂布机cast coater 涂铸机casting drum coater 鼓式涂铸机champflex coater champflex 拖刀涂布机champion knife coater champion 刮刀涂布机contra coater contra 逆向辊式涂布机constacoater consta 稳流刮刀式涂布机curtain coater 幕帘式涂布机cylinder(type brush) coater 刷式圆筒涂布机coating 涂布coating adhesive 涂料coating base 涂布原纸coating blister 涂料泡（纸病）coating body stock 涂布原纸coating bond 涂层结合强度coating calender 涂布压光机coating clay 白土涂料coating color 涂料coating color preparation 涂料配制coating color spot 涂料色（纸病）coating color tank 涂料桶coating content 涂料量coating defect 涂布缺陷coating film 涂（料）层coating flexbility 涂布柔软性coating formula(e) 涂料配方coating formulatiojn 涂料配方coating grade clay 涂料白土coating kitchen 涂料配制室coating lump 涂料块coating machine 涂布机coating material 涂料coating mill 涂布纸厂coating mixture 涂布剂coating pan 涂布槽，涂布盘coating pick 涂料粘辊coating plant 涂布车间coating pond 涂料池coating raw stock 涂布原纸coating receptivity 涂布合格率coating roll 涂布辊，染色辊coating room 涂布车间coating skip 涂料跑漏coating slip 涂布泥浆coating slurry 涂布泥浆coating stock 涂布原纸coating strength 涂布强度coating -to-fiber bond 涂层与纤维给合力coating vehicle 涂料载体coating weight 涂层重量coatings 涂料cobb(sizing)test cobb （施胶度）试验法cobb (sizing)value cobb （施胶度）值cock 旋塞，塞阀cockle cuts 皱裂（纸病）cockle finish 粗纹饰；波纹整饰cockling 起皱cocoanut(cocos) 椰子属cod value 化学需氧量code 代码code signal 编码代号coefficient of absorption 吸收系数coefficient of hydration 水化系数coefficient of linear expansion 线性膨胀系数coefficient of roughness 粗糙度coefficient of volumetric expansion 容积膨胀系数coefficient of wetness 增粘系数coefcoextrusion coating 共挤（压）涂布coffer dam 白水沟堰板coging joint 齿状连接cohesion 内聚力，内聚现象；粘合cohesion action 内聚（作用）；粘合（作用）cohesive force 内聚力；粘合力，粘附力cohesive force 粘合力，粘附力cohesive strength 粘合强度，粘附强度coil 蛇（形）管；盘纸coiled pipe 蛇（形）管coin wrap 硬币包装纸cold acid system 冷酸系统cold alkali purification 冷碱净化，冷碱抽提cold bleaching 冷漂cold blow 冷法喷放cold caustic 冷碱cold flow （纸张）冷裂（纸病）cold grinding 冷磨cold pressed finish 冷压装饰cold refining 冷磨cold rolled steel 冷轧钢collapsable shaft 变径轴collar 轴环collecting tank 捕集槽，收集槽collecter 收集器，捕集器collecter ring 捕集网collenchyma 厚角组织collet 小轴钳；套筒collodion cotton 胶棉，低氮硝化纤维素colloid 胶体；胶态，胶状colloid mill 胶体磨cclloidal 胶体的cclloidal solution 胶体溶液；胶态溶液，胶状溶液collosol 溶胶colopholic acid 松香酸colophonic acid 松香酸colophony 松香colo(u)r （颜）色；色料color applicator 着色辊，着色装置color blender 调色剂color boiling room 调色工段color fastness 颜色牢固性color filter 滤色片；滤色器color lump 色块color matcher 调色工color matching 调色color matching agent 调色剂color mill 色料磨粉机color mixer 色料磨粉机，色料混合机color mixing room 调色工段color pan 染色槽；涂料槽color pond 染色堰，染色池color reaction 显色反应color retention 色料留着率color reversion 回色color roll 着色辊；涂料辊color screen 色料筛color sheet 色纸，彩色纸color specification 色谱color spots 色斑（纸病）color stability 色稳性colorant 染色剂colored poster 彩色标语纸colored printings 彩色印刷纸colorimeter 色度计colorimetric test 比色试验colorimetry 比色法coloring material 色料coloring matter 色素；有色物质coloring pigment 颜料coloring power 色染能力coloring value 色调column chromatography 柱色谱法column strength 裂断强度comb type refiner 梳状磨节机comber cotton waste 梳棉废料combination cutter 联合裁切机combination felt 复合毛毯combination hydraulic calender 双辊万能压光机combination machine 长圆网混合造纸机combination scrter-counter layboy 选、数、码纸联动机combination valve 组合阀combined acid 化合酸combined paper machine 长圆网混合造纸机combined press 复合压榨combined steel 复合钢板combined sulfur dioxide 化合二氧化硫combining calender 双压光机组combi-press 复合压榨combustible matter 可燃物质combustion 燃烧combustion chamber 燃烧室combustion engineering recovery(furnace) c.e.喷射式碱回收炉combustion products 燃烧产物combustion zone 燃烧区command 指令commanding point 调度站commercial match 商品对比commercial run 大规模试生产，工业规模试生产common bald cypress(taxodium distichum) 落羽松，美国水松common flax(linum usitatissinum) 亚麻commutator 整流子；整流器；转向器compact(wire)former 紧凑式夹网成形器compactibility 紧密性compactness 紧密度compaction 紧密状态compactor 压紧机compensate 补偿compensation winder 定速补偿复卷机compensation 补偿；对消compensation roll(er) 调节辊，补偿辊compensator 补偿器complete combustion chamber 完全燃烧室complex 络合物；复体component 组分composite can 复合材料制成的罐composite reaction 复合反应composition 组成；合成，化合；合成物，混合物composition of furnish 配浆比率composition roll （压光机）组成辊compound 化合物；复合，混合compound body 复合体compound cellulose 复合纤维素compound middle lamella 复合胞间层compressed air 压缩空气compressibility 压缩性compression 压缩；压应力compression chamber 受压纤维compression resistance 抗压性能compression rigidity 压缩刚性compression strength 压缩强度compression stroke 压缩冲程compression test 压缩试验compression wood 受压木compressive strain 压缩应变compressor 压缩机compressor gun 压缩空气枪。
电厂热控专业常用英文缩写Company Document number：WUUT-WUUY-WBBGB-BWYTT-1982GTA /D a n a l o g t o d i g i t a l 模拟/数字['n l :g ]A C K ??a c k n o w l e d g e ??确认['d i d ?i t ?l ] AI??analog input??模拟量输入 AMM??analogm a s t e r m o d u l e ??模拟主模件 A M P L ??a m p l i f i e r ??放大器['?m p l i f a i ?]A N A L ??a n a l y s i s ??分析[?'n ?l ?s i s ]?A N A L Z ??a n a l y z e r ??分析仪表 ['?n ?,l a i z ?]A N L G ??a n a l o g 模拟[?'n ?n ?i e i t ?] 通告者A N N ??a n n u n c i a t o r ??s y s t e m ??报警系统A N N ??a n n u n c i a t o r ??信号装置，报警器AO??analog??output??模拟量输出 AO??analogo u t p u t ??模拟输出AOL??analog output to loop （圈,环）??对FC30环的模拟输出 A V G ??a v e r a g e ??平均的APO??auxiliary[?:g'zilj?ri]（辅助的）??plant??operator??辅助设备操作员 B K ??b r a k e ??制动器ATTE N??att enuator [?'tenjueit?]衰减器，消声器A V A I L ??a v a i l a b l e ??可用的BHP??brake??horsepower??制动马力 BLK??block??程序块，封闭B L N K ??b l a n k ??空白，熄灭C -C ??c e n t u r e -t o -c e n t u r e ??中心距,中心之间C F G N ??c o n f i g u r a t i o n ??轮廓,构架,组态C H ??c h a i n ??链,环[k ?n ,f i g j u 'r e i ??n ] 结构 C H A N ??c h a n n e l ??通道C H G ??c h a n g e ??改变CIU??computer??interface??unit??计算机接口单元 ['i n t ?f e i s ]?界面,分界面 接合部 C L ??c e n t u r e ??l i n e ??总线,中心线 CMS??computer??monitoring??system??计算机监视系统 C N D N R ??c o n d i t i o n e r [k ?n 'd i ??n ?]调节器 C N G R ??c o n g r u e n c e ??相同,重合 C N T ??c o n t a c t ['k ?n t ?k t ]接触,触点 C N T L ??c o n t r o l ??控制 C N T L R ??c o n t r o l l e r ??控制器 C N V R ??c o n v e y o r [k ?n 'v e i ?]传送装置 C O N ??c o n n e c t o r ??连接器 C O N S T ??c o n s t a n t ['k ?n s t ?n t ]恒定的,常数 C O N T ??c o n t i n u o u s ??连续的 C O N V ??c o n v e r t e r [k ?n 'v ?:t ?]转换器 C O O R D ??c o o rd i n at o r /co o r d i n at e ??调度员/协调 [k?u'?:dineit?] 协调者 CR??control??relay??控制继电器CRT?cathode['k?θ?ud]（阴极）ray??tube显示器CS??control??switch??控制开关CTR??centre??中央CTRLZD??centralized ['s?ntr?laiz]?集中CV??control??valve??控制调门,调节器D/A??digital??to analog??converter?数字/模拟转换器DAS??data??acquisition??system?数据采集系统DAS??data??acquisition??system?数据采集系统DCS??distributed??control??system??分散控制系统DCS??distributed?control?system分散控制系统DD??device??driver(fc123)??设备驱动器DET??detector??检测器DETD??detected??检测到的DETN??detection??检测DEVN??deviation??偏差DI??digital??input??数字输入DIAGL??diagonal??对角的DIAPH??diaphragm??流量孔板，薄膜DIFF??differential??有差的DIFFT??differential??temperature??温差DIG??digital??数字DISTRB??disturbance??扰动，干扰DLY??delay??延迟，滞后DO??digital??output??数字输出DOL??digital??output to loop(fn45)??到FN45环的数字输出DP??differential??pressure??压差DSBLD??disabled??不能的DSV??double??solenoid??valve??双螺线管阀门，电磁阀['s?ulin?id] 螺线管EWS??engineer??work??station??工程师工作站F/C??fall??close??出故障时自动关闭F/O??fall??open??出故障时自动打开FB??feedback??反馈['f??k??n?l] 机能的?FDG??functional??drive??group??功能驱动组FDG??OFF??functional drive group off??功能驱动组??关FDG??ON??functional??drive??group??on??功能驱动组??开FGCTL??functional??group??control??功能组控制[,indi'kei??n] 指示;指点;表示FIS??flow??indication??switch??流量指示器FLT??fault??故障，缺陷FS??flow??switch??流量开关GA??gage/gauge仪表[geid?]?[geid?]?规,表,计GOV??governor ['g?v?n?]调节器HI??high??高HI??HI??high??high??高高['int?feis] 界面HIS??human??system??interface操作员系统接口I/O?input/output输入/输出['k?:r?nt] 现时的电流, 水流, 气流I/P??current??to??pneumatic converter??电动/气动转换器[nju:'m?tik] 空气的,气体的INFO??information??信息，资料INSTR??instrument ['instrum?nt]仪表INTLK??interlock [,int?'l?k]联锁IPB??intra??plant??bus??厂内总线KBD??keyboard??键盘L/O??lock??out??闭锁LAB??laboratory [l?'b?r?t?ri]??试验室LCD? ? 液晶显示柱LCKD??locked??闭锁的，锁气的LDA? ? 甩负荷预测LIM??limit/limiter??限制/限制器LIM??SW??limit??switch??限位开关LMP??lamp??灯LMTG??limiting? ?限制，极限的LO??low??低LOG??logic??逻辑LOLO??low??low??低低LPL??lighting panel??照明盘LVDT??linear??voltage??differential??transformer??线性差动变送器['v?ultid?] [,dif?'ren??l] [tr?ns'f?:m?]LVL??level??水平，电平LWR??lower ['l?u?]?更低LWRG??lowering?['l?u?ri?]降低M/A??manual/automatic??手动/自动MA??master??控制[,?:t?'m?tik]MALF??malfunction??故障，失灵[m?l'f??k??n]n. 故障 MAN??manual??手动的MAX??maximum最大['m?ksim?m] 最大限度MCPNL??main??control??panel主控盘['p?nl]n.嵌板; 仪表板MCR??main??control??room??主控室MCS??modulation??control??system??模拟量控制系统[,m?dju'lei??n] n. 调音,调节MCS?management??command??system管理命令系统['m?nid?m?nt] 管理[k?'mɑ:nd] vi. 命令;控制MDL??maximum??differential??limit??最大偏差限制[dif?'ren??l] n. 微分；差别MFC??many??function??controller多功能控制器['f??k??n]职责;函数[k?n'tr?ul?] 控制器,管理者MFP??multi?function??processor多功能处理器MID??middle??中间的MIN??minimum??最小['minim?m] 最小化;最小值MIN??minute??分钟MINI??miniature?小型的，微型的['mini?t??]MN??main??主MODL??module?[d?u:l] n. 模数；组件模块MON??monitor??监视器MPRCS??microprocessor?[maikr?u'pr?uses?]微处理器['m?ltipleks] a. 多样的,多重发讯MPX??multiplex/multiplexer?多路传输['m?lti,pleks?] 多路器MTBF?平均无故障工作时间MULT multiple?['m?ltipl] 多重的;许多的，并联的N AUTO??not??in??auto??不在自动N AVAL??not??available??不可用的N OFF? ?not??off??没关N ON??not??on??没开N OPR??not??in??operate??不在运行中N PERM??not??permitted(?[p?'mit] 许可;允许)不允许的N READ??not??ready??没准备好N RUN??not??running??没有运行N SAT??not??satisfled??不满足条件satisfaction [s?tis'f?k??n] 满意，满足N TEST??not??in??test??不在试验中N/A??not??applicable不适用的[?'plik?-]可应用的NACT??not??active??无效的NOR??not or??或非NPERM??no??permissives不允许[p?'misiv] 许可的；宽容的OIU??operator??interface??unit??操作员接口单元[nju(:)'m?tik] 气动的，气胎P/E??pneumatic to electrical converter??气动/电动转换器[k?n'v?:t?(r)] 转换器PCU??process??control??unit??过程控制单元PCU??process??control??unit??过程控制单元PCV??process??control??view??过程控制图[vju:]视野,风景v. 看,考虑PI??pulse??input?脉冲量输入[p?ls] 脉搏PLC??programmable??logic controller??可编程控制器['pr??gr?m?bl] 可编程的PLC??programmable??logic controller??可编程逻辑控制器 ['pail?t] 行员,领航员,引航员PLT??pilot??副的，控制的，指示PLTN??plater ['pleit?]台板，屏式PO??pulse??output??脉冲量输出PPS? ? 电厂保护系统PRCS??process??过程PROB??probe [pr?ub]探头，传感器PROG??program??程序PROLNG??prolong [pr?'l??, 'l?:?]持续时间长PROT??protection??保护PT??point??值，点PTRIP??protection??trip??保护跳闸PU??pickup??传感器n. 旅行,摔倒,差错RESET??reset??复位RST??reset??复位RSTRD??restricted [ris'triktid]限制的，禁止的RSVR??reservoir??水库，储存器，滞止S/G?sub??group子群组[s?b] 地铁,潜艇,替补队员SCS??sequence??control??system?顺序控制系统SEQ??sequence??顺序['si:kw?ns]SER??sequence??event??recorder?事故顺序记录SER??sequence??of??events??recorder??事故的顺序记录[ri'k?:d?]录音机SI??switch??input??开关量输入SIG??signal??信号SIL??silence??无声的SILENCE??silence??消音SMPL??sample ['s?mpl]取样，样品,标本SO??switch??output??开关量输出SOE??sequence of??event??事故顺序SOE??sequence??of??events??事故顺序SOL??solenoid?['s?ulin?id]螺线管SOV??solenoid??operated??valve??螺线管控制门，电磁阀STOR??storage??储存器，蓄电SUBR??subroutine [,s?bru:'ti:n]子程序SUCC??successful??成功的SUMR??summer??夏天，加法器T/C??thermocouple ['θ?:m?u,k?pl]热电偶TC??trip??coil??跳闸线圈TCO??trip??cut??out??跳闸断开TEST??test??试验TL??test??link??试验连接TRBL??trouble??故障TRGR??trigger ['trig?]触发器TRIPD??tripped??跳闸的TS??thermoswitch??热电偶开关，. 热开关；热敏开关；温度调节器；热电偶继电器TST??test??试验UNSATSF??unsatisfactory??不满足条件的UNSUCC??unsuccessful??失败的XDCR??transducer??变送器tr?nz'dju:s?] 转换器,传感器汽轮机常用英文缩写A/M auto/manual 自动/手动ADS automatic dispatch system 自动调度系统[dis'p?t?] 派遣，分派AGC automatic generator control 机组自动发电控制['d?en?reit?] 发电机,发生器AOP auxiliary oil pump 辅助油泵auxiliary [?:ɡ'zilj?ri] 辅助的；副的；附加的AOV air operated valve 汽动门AST automatic stop trip 自动停机跳闸系统A-STP auto stop 自动停止A-STRT auto start 自动启动ATC automatic turbine control 汽轮机自动控制['t?:bin, -bain] n. 涡轮A-TRIP auto trip 自动跳闸AUX auxiliary?? 辅助的BAF baffle ['b?fl]隔板,挡板BASE base 基本方式BBL barrel ['b?r?l]圆筒型支架BF boiler follow 锅炉跟随方式['b?il?]BKUP backup ['b?k?p]备用BOPMS balance of plant master system 机组辅助设备主控顺序[plɑ:nt] 工厂BP base plate 底版，支撑板BPS bypass control system 旁路控制系统BRG bearing ['bε?ri?]轴承BW backwash 反洗BYP bypass 旁路CAB cabinet ['k?binit]小室CAEP condenser air extraction pump 真空泵[k?n'dens?] 凝结器,冷却器[iks'tr?k??n] 抽出CAV cavity ['k?viti] 洞,空穴,腔CAVIT cavitation [,k?vi'tei??n]汽蚀CC closing coil 闭式循环CCCW closed circuit cooling water 闭式循环冷却水['s?:kit] 电路，回路['ku:li?]CCCWP closed circuit cooling water pump 闭式循环冷却水泵CCW condenser circulating water 循环水['s?:kjuleiti?] 循环,流通CCW counter clockwise 逆时针的['kaunt?]相反的['kl?kwaiz] a. 顺时针方向的CCWPcondenser circulating water pump循环水泵CE case expansion 缸胀[keis] 情形,情况,箱[iks'p?n??n] 扩大,膨胀CEP condensate extraction pump 凝结水泵CHEM chemical 化学CIV close interceptor valve 关中压调门[,int?'sept?] 拦截机；妨碍者CLD cold/cooled 冷的CLF clarifier ['kl?rifai?] 净化器CLG cooling 冷却CLNG cleaning?? 清洁，净化CLR cool 冷却器CLS close 关 CLSD closed 已关CLU clutch [kl?t?]离合器，控制；手CND conduit ['k?ndit]管道，导线管CNDCTconductivity [k?nd?k'tiviti]导电率，传导率COAG coagulant [k?u'?ɡjul?nt]凝结剂COAX coaxial ['k?u'?ks?l]同轴的COND condenser [k?n'dens?]凝汽器COOL coolant ['ku:l?nt]冷却介质COR coordination [k?u,?:di'nei??n]协调控制方式COV cover ['k?v?]外壳CPLG coupling ['k?pli?]偶合器，连轴器CRH cold reheat 冷再热CRIT critical ['kritik?l]临界的，关键的CSG casing ['keisi?]汽缸CT combustion turbine 燃气轮机[k?m'b?st??n] 燃烧CTW cooling tower 冷水塔CV control valve 高调门CW circulating water 循环水['s?:kjuleiti?]CW cooling water 冷却水CWP circulating water pump 循环水泵CYL cylinder ['silind?] 汽缸D?? density ['densiti]密度，浓度DE differential expansion 胀差DEA deaerator [di:'ε?reit?]除氧器DECR decrease 下降DEG degree(s) 度，学位DEGC degrees celsius 摄氏度['selsj?s] 摄氏的DEH digital electro-hydraulic control system 数字电液调节系统。
汽轮机常用英文缩写缩写全称中文A/M auto/manual 自动/手动ADS automatic dispatch system 自动调度系统AGC automatic generator control 机组自动发电控制AOP auxiliaty oil pump 辅助油泵AOV air operated valve 汽动门AST automatic stop trip 自动停机跳闸系统A-STP auto stop 自动停止A-STRT auto start 自动启动ATC automatic turbine control 汽轮机自动控制A-TRIP auto trip 自动跳闸AUX auxiliary 辅助的BAF baffle 隔板BASE base 基本方式BBL barrel 圆筒型支架BF boiler follow 锅炉跟随方式BKUP backup 备用BOPMS balance of plant master system 机组辅助设备主控顺序BP base plate 底版，支撑板BPS bypass control system 旁路控制系统BRG bearing 轴承BW backwash 反洗BYP bypass 旁路CAB cabinet 小室CAEP condenser air extraction pump 真空泵CAV cavity 空腔CAVIT cavitation 汽蚀CC closing coil 闭式循环CCCW closed circuit cooling water 闭式循环冷却水CCCWP closed circuit cooling water pump 闭式循环冷却水泵CCW condenser circulating water 循环水CCW counter clockwise 逆时针的CCWP condenser circulating water pump 循环水泵CE case expansion 缸胀CEP condensate extraction pump 凝结水泵CHEM chemical 化学CIV close interceptor valve 关中压调门CLD cold/cooled 冷的CLF clarifier 净化器CLG cooling 冷却CLNG cleaning 清洁，净化CLR cool 冷却器CLS close 关CLSD closed 已关CLU clutch 离合器CND conduit 管道，导线管CNDCT conductivity 导电率，传导率COAG coagulant 凝结剂COAX coaxial 同轴的COND condenser 凝汽器COOL coolant 冷却介质COR coordination 协调控制方式COV cover 外壳CPLG coupling 偶合器，连轴器CRH cold reheat 冷再热CRIT critical 临界的，关键的CSG casing 汽缸CT combustion turbine 燃气轮机CTW cooling tower 冷水塔CV control valve 高调门CW circulating water 循环水CW cooling water 冷却水CWP circulating water pump 循环水泵CYL cylingder 汽缸D density 密度，浓度DE differential expansion 胀差DEA deaerator 除氧器DECR decrease 下降DEG degree(s) 度DEGC degrees celsius 摄氏度DEH digital electro-hydraulic control system 数字电液调节系统DEH digital 数字电液DEMIN demineralization 除盐DESALN desalination 除盐DGS degasifier 脱气器，除氧器DIL dilute/dilution 冲淡稀释DISH dissolved hydrogen 溶氢DISO dissolved oxygen 溶氧DMNRLZR demineralizer 除盐装置DOS dosing 配料，加药DR door 门DSTL distill 蒸馏DSTLT distillate 蒸馏EBOP emergency bearing oil pump 事故轴承油泵ECC eccentricity 偏心度EH electrohydraulic 电液EHC electrohydraulic control 电液控制EOP emergency oil pump 事故油泵ES extraction steam 抽汽ETS emergency trip system 汽轮机紧急跳闸保护系统EXCH exhange/exhanger 交换/交换器EXH exhaust 排气/排汽EXHD exhaust hood 排汽罩/排汽缸EXTR extraction/extractor 抽取/抽汽器FA full arc 全周，全周进汽FCB faster cut back 机组快速甩负荷FCPLG fluid (hydraulic) coupling 液力偶合器FILL filling 充水，充汽FJCTR ejector 抽气器，喷射器FL fluid 流体，液体FLG flange 法兰FLTK flash tank 扩容器FLTR filter 过滤器FLTRG filtering 过滤FNL final 末级，最后FST first 第一级FW feedwater 给水FWP feedwater pump 给水泵GATE gate 门，导叶GLND gland 密封装置，压盖GLND ST gland steam 密封蒸汽，轴封蒸汽GT gas turbine 燃气轮机GTG gas turbine generator 燃气轮机发电机GTV gate valve 闸门GV governor valve 主汽调节门HCL hydrochloric acid 盐酸HDR header 母管，联箱HITASS hitichi turbine automatic start-up system 日立汽轮机自启动系统HL heat loss 热损失HORIZ horizontal 水平的，卧式的HP high pressure 高压HPR hopper 斗，漏斗HPSV high pressure stop valve 高压主汽门HRH hot reheat 再热热段HRSG heat recovery steam generator 回热式汽轮发电机HRT heat rate 热耗率HRU heat recovery unit 回热式机组HS high speed 高速HT heat 加热HTG heating 加热HTR heater 加热器HU humidifier 加湿器HW hotwell 热井HX heat exchange 热交换器HYDR hydraulic 液力的HYDRO hydrostatic 静水的HYPCL hypochlorite 氯化物ICBV interceptor control bypass valve 中调门旁路门ICV interceptor control valve 中调门IMPLR impeller 叶轮INJ injection 喷射INRTNG inerting 惰性的INTMD intermediate 中间的IP intermediate pressure 中压IPSW intermediate press service water 中压厂用水IPSWP intermediate press service water pump 中压厂用水泵IV interceptor valve 中压调节汽门JB junction box 接线盒，连轴器JCT junction 连接JNL journal 轴径JOP jacking oil pump 顶轴油泵LIQ liquid 液体LKG leakage/leaking 泄漏LO lube oil 润滑油LOFF leakoff 泄漏的，已漏的LOP lube oil pump 润滑油泵LP low pressure 低压LUB lube/lubrication 润滑MACH machine 机器MANF manifold 母管MDBFP motor driven boil feed pump 电泵MEH microprocessor electric hydraulic control 微机化电液调节系统MEZZ mezzanine 高压加热器MOP main oil pump 主油泵MOT main oil tank 主油箱MOV motor operated valve 电动门MS main steam 主蒸汽MSSV main steam stop valve 主汽门MSV main steam valve 主汽门MSV main stop valve 主截门MTS master trip solenoid 主跳闸电磁阀NOL normal oil level 正常油位NRV non return valve 逆止阀OIV open interceptor valve 开中压调门OPC overspeed protect controller 超速保护控制PLSH polish/polishing 精处理PLSHR polisher 精处理器PNEU pneumatic 气动的PPS 汽轮机防进水保护RB run back 辅机故障减负荷RD run down 负荷迫降REV reverse 反向REVD reversed 反向的REVLN revolution 转数RNBK runback 快速减负荷ROT rotary 转动的ROTAT rotate 转动ROTATN rotation 转动RPD rupturing disc 叶片断裂RPM revolutions per minute 每分钟的转数RPS revolutions per second 每秒钟的转数RSV reheat stop valve 中压主汽门RSV reserve 备用RTN-N return to normal 复位RTR rotor 转子RU run up 负荷迫升RUNNG running 运行RV self-regulating valve 自动调整门S/O shutoff 断开SA OFF semi-auto off 半自动关SA ON semi-auto on 半自动开SAF safety 安全SD shutdown 停机SEL select 选择SELD selected 已选好的SEP separate/separator 分离/分离器SET setting/settling 设定SEW sewer 下水道SFT shaft 轴SG standby generator 备用发电机SHL shell 外壳SJAE steam jet air ejector 射汽抽气器SK sink 排水管，排水沟，散热器SO seal oil 密封油SOP seal oil pump 密封油泵SP set point 设定值SPD speed 速度SPGR specific gravity 比重SPRG sparging 喷淋，鼓泡SPRY spary 喷射SPVOL specific volume 比容SS selector switch 选择开关STG stage 级STG steam turbine generator 汽轮发电机STP stop 停止STPD stopped 已停止STPG stopping 停止的STR strainer 拉紧装置，过滤器STRT start 启动STRTD started 已启动的STRTG starting 启动的SU startup 开机SU/SD startup/shutdown 开机/停机SUB submerged 浸在水中的SUCT suction 吸入，抽真空SUP support 支承SUPV supervisory 监视的SUPVN supervision 监视SV servo valve 电液伺服阀（电液转换器）SV stop valve 截止门SWC service water closed 闭式水SWCP service water closed pump 闭式水泵SWCS service water closed sump 闭式水箱SWO service water open 开式水SWOP service water open pump 开式水泵TCS turbine control system 汽轮机控制系统TDM turbine diagnose monitoring 汽轮机运行监视、诊断管理TEMP temperature 温度TF turbine follow 汽机跟随方式T-G turbine generator 汽轮发电机TGOP turbine gear oil pump 盘车油泵TGR turbine gear 盘车THR thrust 推力THRBRG thrust bearing 推力轴承THRM thermal 热力的THROT throttle 节流TK tank 箱，容器T-MCR turbine maximum continous rate 汽轮机最大连续出力TPC throttlt pressure control 主蒸汽压力控制TRSHRK trashrack 滤网TRTMT treatment 处理TRVL travel/travelling 运行，旋转TRVSCN travelling screens 旋转滤网TSI turbine supervisory instrument 汽轮机监测仪表系统TSI turbine supervisory instrumentation 汽轮机检测仪表TURB turbine 汽轮机TURBFLW turbine flow 汽轮机流量TURN turning 转动TV throttle valve 主汽门TWR tower 塔UAM unit automatic management 机组自启停管理系统UM unit master 机组主控UMS unit master sequence 机组主控顺序UNBAL unbalance(d) 不平衡UPR upper 上部的UPSTR upstream 上游的；逆流的；进口的VAC vacuum 真空VAP vapor 蒸汽VERT vertical 垂直的VIB vibrator/vibration 振动器/振动VLV valve 阀门VOL volume 体积；容积VP pneumaticlly operated valve 气动门V-V 通风排汽阀VWO valve wide open 阀门全开WASH washer/washing 冲洗WMUP warmup 暖机WTR water 水ZS 零转速监视系统电气常用英文缩写缩写全称中文AC alternating current 交流电AC automatic control 自动控制ACA accident consequence assessment 事故后果评价ACB air circuit breaker 空气断路器ACC accident 故障、事故ACCUM accumulate accumulate 累计、蓄电池ACDS acourtic crack detection system 声裂纹检测系统ACT/S active side 带电部件、有功部件ACW anti-clockwise 反时针方向ACW anti-clockwise 反时针方向AD analog-digital 模拟-数字AEOD analysis and evaluation of operational data 运行数据分析和管理AFC automatic frequency control automatic following control 自动频率控制：自动跟踪控制AI artificial intelligence 人工智能ALT alternate 交变的、交替的ALTNTR alternator 同步发电机AM ammeter 电流表AMP ampere 安培AN air natural cooled 空气自然冷却AOC automatic overload control 自动过载控制APC automatic plant coordinate control automatic power control机组自动协调控制：自动功率控制APP appendix auxiliary power plant 附录：辅助电源设备APS acessory power supply 辅助电源APU auxiliary power unit 辅助动力装置：辅助电源设备ARM armature 电枢、衔铁ASR automatic speed run up 自动升速ASU automatic synchronizing unit 自动同步系统AT auxiliary transformer 辅助变压器AUS auxiliary switch 辅助开关AUX auxiliany 辅助、备用AVL automatic voltage control 自动电压控制AVR automatic voltage regulator 自动调压器BAT battery 电池BD block decrease 闭锁减BDUC bus duct 母线导管、母线沟BDV blowdown voltage 击穿电压BF back feed 反馈BHP brake horse power 制动马力BI block increase 闭锁增BKR breaker 断路器BOS back-out system 补偿系统BOT build-operate-tranfer 建造-运行-移交BR brush 电刷、刷子BRKG breaking 断开BYC battery charger 电池充电器CA compressed air 压缩空气CAOS completely automatic operate system 全自动操作系统CAP capactty 电容、出力、容量CAP capacity 容量、功率CATS computer-aided trouble-shooting 计算机辅助故障查寻CB control buton circuit breaker circuit board 控制钮：线路断路器：电路板CBL line circuit breaker 线路断路器CC charactevistic curve 特性曲线CCW counter-clockwise 反时针CD control desk 控制台CEMF cownta electromotive force 反电动势CG center of gravity 重心CHGR charger 充电器CKT circuit 电路、线路CKW clockwise 顺时针方向CL center line 中心线CLSG closing 关闭、合闸CMR continuous maxinum rating 连续最大功率CNDN condition 工况、参数CO con-out 关闭、切断COEF coefficient 系数CONST constans construction 常数：构造、结构CONT contact control 接点：调节、控制CP control panel 控制板CPD capacitor potential device 电容器分压器CRT cathode-ray tube 阴极射线管CRT circuit 回路CS controlled switch controll signal 控制开关：控制信号CT current transformer 电流互感器CW clockwise 顺时针方向CY cycle 循环、周期DB distribution box 配电箱DBMS data base management system 数据库管理系统DC direct current 直流电DCAS data collection and analysis system 数据收集分析系统DE digital equipment display equipment 数字元件：显示设备DELIV deliver 供给、供电/输出DG diesel generator 柴油发电机DG diesel generator 柴油发电机DHP delivered horse power 输出功率DI data input 数据输入DISC disconnect 断开DISC SW disconnect swtich 隔离开关DISTR diatribution 分散、分配、配电DL data line 数据传输线DMM digital multimeter 数字万用表DMS data management system 数据管理系统DO diesel oil 柴油DO digital output 数字输入DOS dosing 量DPDT double-pole double-throw 双刀双掷开关DPST double-pole sigle-throw 双刀单掷开关DSCH discharge 放电DSL diesel 柴油机DSL line desconnect switch 隔离开关DT dawn time 故障停机时间DTS data transimission 数据传输系统DYNA dynamic analysis 动态分析E.U engineering units 工程单位E/P electrical to pneumatic converter 电动气动转换器EAF equivalent available factor 等效可运系数ECR economical continuous rating 经济连续出力EE electrical engineer 电气工程师EFF efficiency 效率EFFT effective 有效的EHV extra-high voltage 超高压ELEC electric 电气的EMER emergency 紧急、事故EMER emergency 事故保安EMF inductive electromotive force 感应电动势EMLON emergency condition 事故状态EMP eletromechanical power 机电功率EMS emergency switch 紧急开关、事故按钮ENCL enclose 封闭、包围ENER energize 励磁、使带电ENERD energized 已励磁的、已带电的ENG engage 发动机EP extreme power 极限功率ESD emergency shutdown 事故停机ESS essential service system 主要厂用系统ETS electrical trip solenoid 电气跳闸线圈EXC exciter 励磁机、励磁EXD external device 外部设备EY voltage transducer 电压变送器FB fuse block 保险盒FC fast closing 快关F-F flip-flop 触发器FL full load 满负荷FLF flip-flop 触发器FME frequency measuring equipment 频率计FP full power 满功率FREQ frequency 频率FU fuse 保险丝、熔断器FWR full-wave rectifier 全波整流器GEN generator 发电机GIS gas-insulated metal-enclosed switch gear 全封闭组合电器GPT generator potential transformer 发电机电压互感器GRD ground 接地GRD FLT ground fault 接地故障GT grounding transformer 接地变压器HC holding coil 保持线圈HF high frequency 高频HG harmonic generator 谐波发生器HIPOT high potential test 高电压实验HLDG holding 保持HP horse power 马力HS hand switch 手动开关HT high tension 高压HTN high tension 高电压HV high voltage 高电压HV high voltage high velocity 高压：高速HVDC high voltage direct current transmission system 高压直流输电系统HVPC high voltage power supply 高电压源I/O input/output 输入/输出IC integrated circuit input circuit 集成电路：输入电路ICL incoming line 引入线IMP impedance 阻抗IMPLS impulse 脉冲、冲动INDN induction 感应INIT initial 启动、励磁INITD initiated 已励磁的、已启动的INSUL insulate 绝缘、隔热INTMT intermediate 间断的、间歇的INVR inverter 逆变器、反相器ISLN isolation 隔离开关ISOL isolation 隔离的、绝缘的JY watt transduce 有功变送器K kilo 千KW kilowatt 千瓦KWH kilowatt-hour 度L electrical power line 电线LA lightening arrester 避雷器LC load centre 负荷中心LC load center 负荷中心LDS line disconnecting switch 线路隔离开关、线路断路器LN line 线路LOC local 就地LPC linear power controller 线性功率放大器LR line relay 线性继电器LSIC large scale integrated circuit 大规模集成电路LV low voltage 低电压MAG magnet 磁铁/磁场的MAN manual 手动的MC manual control magnet contactor 人工控制：磁铁开关MCB molded case circuit breaker 模板式断路器MCC motor control centre 马达控制中心MCC motor control center 马达控制中心MCR main control room maxium capacity rating maxium continuous rating 主控室：最大额定出力：最大连续出力MDS motor disconnect switch 马达隔离开关MG motor generator 电动发电机ML mechanical loss 机械损失MNXFMR main transformor 主变压器MO motor 马达MOD motor operated disconnect 电动断开MPR motor protrelay 电机保护继电器MSTR motor starter 马达启动器MWE megawatt electric 兆瓦电MWH megawatt-hour 兆瓦小时NADVD not advanced 滞后NEG negative 阴极的、负的NET network 网络NEUT neutral 中性的NGT neutral groundong transformer 中性点接地变压器NL noload 空载、无负荷NOM nominal 额定的NRP normal rated power 额定功率O&R overhaul and repair 大小修OA operator auto mode 运行人员监控下的自动控制运行方式OL motor overload device 电机过负荷装置OP output power operating procedure 输出功率：运行规程OPER operating 操作OR operating record 停运记录OVHL overhaul 大修P.O. power output 功率输出P.U. per unit 标幺值PA power amplifier 功率放大器PAMS post-accident montoring instrumentation 事故后监测仪表PB push button 按钮开关PC power center 动力中心PCB power circuit breaker 功率继电器PCC power conditioning and control 电力调节与控制PCM pulse-code modulation 脉冲编码调制PD potenial difference power driven 电位差：电动的PE power equipment 发电综合控制PF power factor indicator 功率因数PFI power factor indicator 功率因数表PGCC power generation control complex 相位PH phase 功率输入PI power input 峰值负荷PK peak 峰值PL plate 板、极板PL peak load 峰值负荷PLD payload 有效负载PM phase midulation 调相PO power operator 电动操作POH planned outage hours 计划停运小时POOH planned overhaul outage hours 计划大修停运小时POS positive 正的、正极的POS position 位置POT potential transformer 电势、电位计PP peak power 峰值功率PPS plant protective system primary protection system 电厂保护系统：一次保护系统PS power station power supply power system 电站：电源：电力系统PSS power support stabilizer 电力系统稳定器PT potential transformer 电压互感器PT potential transformer 电压互感器PT pressure transducer 压力变送器PWR power 功率Q transistor 晶体管QA quick acting 快速动作QMQB quick-make quick-break 快通快断R rate rotor ratio 速率：转子：比率系数RA remote auto 远程自动RAM repair and maintenance 检修与维护RB run back 甩负荷RD run down 降负荷RF reserve free 备用ROT rate of turn reserve oil tank 转动速度：备用油箱RP rated power 额定功率RPM revolution per minute 转/分RPS revolution per second 转/秒RS resistor 电阻器RSV reserve 备用RTD resistance temperature device 电阻测量计RU run up 升负荷RU run up 升负荷S/C short circuit 短路SC short circuit 短路SC semi-conductor 半导体SCR silicon-controlled rectifier 可控硅整流器SECT sectional 等级、分级SEN sensor 传感元件、传感器SERV service 工作、厂用SG standby generator 备用发电机SO shut-off 停机、遮断SOE sequence of events 事故顺序记录SOH scheduled outage hours 计划停机时间SOV solenoid -operated valve 电磁阀SP single pole spare 单极：备用SPC system power control 系统电源控制SPDT single-pole double-throw 单刀双掷SR speed reguletor standard rating silicon rectifier 调速器：额定容量：硅整流器SS station service 厂用SS stopping switch 停机开关SST station service transformer 厂用变压器ST starter startup transformer 启动器：启动变压器STA stationary 固定的STAT stator 定子STBY standby 备用STBY stand by 备用STR reserve station service transformer 厂用备用变压器SUBSTA substation 变点站SUPL supervisory 供电、电源SUR surge 冲击、波动SV solenoid valve 电磁阀、滑阀SW switch 开关SW switch 开关、手把SW short wave switch 短波：开关SWBD switchboard 配电SWBD switchboard 开关板、配电盘SWC surge withstand capability 冲击电压承受能力SWGR switchyard 配电装置SWYD switchyard 开关场SY synchroscope 同步指示器SYM symmetrical system 对称系统SYNC synchronize 使---同步SYNCG synchronizing 同步SYNSCP synchroscope 同步指示器SYS system 系统SYST system 系统T&D transimission and distribution 输电与配电T&M testing and maintenance electrical trip and monitoring 实验与维修：电电气跳闸与监视系统TACH tachometer 转速表TASS technique assembly 装配工艺TB therminal board 端子板、终端板TBO time between overhaul 大修间隔TC thermocouple 热电偶TD time delay 延时TD technique data time delay 技术数据：时滞、延时TDC time delay closing 延时闭合TDD time delay on deenerization 延时失励TDE time delay energization 延时激励TDO time delay opening 延时打开TE thermoelectric test equipment 热电的：测试设备TH thermal element 热电偶、热偶元件TIS test instrumentation system thermal insulation system 测试仪表系统：绝缘系统TL total loss total load time limit 总损失：总负荷：时间限制TM time monitor 时间监视器TOT total 总共TP test point time pulse 实验点、测试点：时间脉冲TPDT triple-pole double-throw 三刀双掷开关TR test run transducer 试运行：变送器TRANS transport 运输TRC transmission and reception controller 传输及接收控制器TRIAC triode altermating current switch 三极管交流开关TRU transmit-receive unit 发送接收装置TSI turbine supervisory instrument 汽轮机监视仪表TVM transistor voltmeter 晶体管电压表U unit 机组UAT unit auxiliary transformer 厂用变压器UDF unit derating factor 机组降低出力系数UDG unit derating generation 机组降低出力少发电量UDH unit derating hours 机组降低出力小时UERS unusual event recording system 异常事故记录系统UNDH unit derating hours 机组降低出力小时UNIV universal 通用UNLD unloading 无载的、空载的UO unit operator 机组操作员UOF unplanned outage factor 非计划停运系数UOH unplanned outage hour 非计划停运小时UOR unplanned outage rate 非计划停运率UPS uninterrupted power supply 不停电电源URT unit run time 设备运行时间UST unit station service transformer 厂用变压器UV under voltage 电压不足、低电压UV 电压监察VAR variable 变量VARHM garhour meter 无功电度表VC variable capacitor voltage comparator 可变电容:电压比较器VCB vacuum circuit breaker 真空断路器VCT voltage current transformer 电压电流互感器VENT ventilator 通风VF vriable frequency 可变频率VOLTREG voltage regularor 电压调节器VR variable resistor voltage regulator 可变电阻：稳压器VT vibration testing 振动实验VT voltage time to breakdown 击穿电压时间VTVM vacuum-tube voltmeter 真空管电压表W/O without 没有WDG winding 绕组、线圈WH watt-hour 瓦特小时WHM watthour meter 有功电度表WTR water 水WV working voltage 工作电压WZJ 绝缘监察XDCR transducer 变送器XFER transfer 转换XFMR transfoormer 变压器XMSN transmission 输电XMTR transmitter 变送器XS transfer switch 转换开关YD yard 工作场热工常用英文缩写缩写全称汉语A/D analog to digital 模拟/数字ACK acknowledge 确认AI analog input 模拟量输入AMM analog master module 模拟主模件AMPL amplifier 放大器ANAL analysis 分析ANALZ analyzer 分析机ANLG analog 模拟ANN annunciator system 报警系统ANN annunciator 信号装置，报警器AO analog output 模拟量输出AO analog output 模拟输出AOL analog output to loop 对FC30环的模拟输出APO auxiliary plant operator 辅助设备操作员ATTEN attenuator 衰减器，消声器AVAIL available 可用的AVG average 平均的BHP brake horsepower 制动马力BK brake 制动器BLK block 程序块，封闭BLNK blank 空白，熄灭C-C centure-to-centure 中心距,中心之间CFGN configuration 轮廓,构架,组态CH chain 链,环CHAN channel 通道CHG change 改变CIU computer interface unit 计算机接口单元CL centure line 总线,中心线CMS computer monitoring system 计算机监视系统CNDNR conditioner 调节器CNGR congruence 相同,重合CNT contact 接触,触点CNTL control 控制CNTLR controller 控制器CNVR conveyor 传送装置CON connector 连接器CONST constant 恒定的,常数CONT continuous 连续的CONV converter 转换器COORD coordinator/coordinate 调度员/协调CR control relay 控制继电器CRT cathode ray tube 显示器CS control switch 控制开关CTR centre 中央CTRLZD centralized 集中CV control valve 控制调门,调节器D/A digital to analog converter 数字/模拟转换器DAS data acquisition system 数据采集系统DAS data acquisition system 数据采集系统DCS distributed control system 分散控制系统DCS distributed control system 分散控制系统DD device driver(fc123) 设备驱动器DET detector 检测器DETD detected 检测到的DETN detection 检测DEVN deviation 偏差DI digital input 数字输入DIAGL diagonal 对角的DIAPH diaphragm 流量孔板，薄膜DIFF differential 有差的DIFFT differential temperature 温差DIG digital 数字DISTRB disturbance 扰动，干扰DLY delay 延迟，滞后DO digital output 数字输出DOL digital output to loop(fn45) 到FN45环的数字输出DP differential pressure 压差DSBLD disabled 不能的DSV double solenoid valve 双螺线管阀门，电磁阀EWS engineer work station 工程师工作站F/C fall close 出故障时自动关闭F/O fall open 出故障时自动打开FB feedback 反馈FDG functional drive group 功能驱动组FDG OFF functional drive group off 功能驱动组关FDG ON functional drive group on 功能驱动组开FGCTL functional group control 功能组控制FIS flow indication switch 流量指示器FLT fault 故障，缺陷FS flow switch 流量开关GA gage/gauge 仪表GOV governor 调节器HI high 高HI HI high high 高高HIS human system interface 操作员系统接口I/O input/output 输入/输出I/P current to pneumatic converter 电动/气动转换器INFO information 信息，资料INSTR instrument 仪表INTLK interlock 联锁IPB intra plant bus 厂内总线KBD keyboard 键盘L/O lock out 闭锁LAB laboratory 试验室LCD 液晶显示柱LCKD locked 闭锁的，锁气的LDA 甩负荷预测LIM limit/limiter 限制/限制器LIM SW limit switch 限位开关LMP lamp 灯LMTG limiting 限制，极限的LO low 低LOG logic 逻辑LOLO low low 低低LPL lighting panel 照明盘LVDT linear voltage differential transformer 线性差动变送器LVL level 水平，电平LWR lower 更低LWRG lowering 降低M/A manual/automatic 手动/自动MA master 控制MALF malfunction 故障，失灵MAN manual 手动的MAX maximum 最大MCPNL main control panel 主控盘MCR main control room 主控室MCS modulation control system 模拟量控制系统MCS management command system 管理命令系统MDL maximum differential limit 最大偏差限制MFC many function controller 多功能控制器MFP multi function processor 多功能处理器MID middle 中间的MIN minimum 最小MIN minute 分钟MINI miniature 小型的，微型的MN main 主MODL module 模块MON monitor 监视器MPRCS microprocessor 微处理器MPX multiplex/multiplexer 多路传输MTBF 平均无故障工作时间MULT multiple 多重的，并联的N AUTO not in auto 不在自动N AVAL not available 不可用的N OFF not off 没关N ON not on 没开N OPR not in operate 不在运行中N PERM not permitted 不允许的N READ not ready 没准备好N RUN not running 没有运行N SAT not satisfled 不满足条件N TEST not in test 不在试验中N/A not applicable 不适用的NACT not active 无效的NOR not or 或非NPERM no permissives 不允许OIU operator interface unit 操作员接口单元P/E pneumatic to electrical converter 气动/电动转换器PCU process control unit 过程控制单元PCU process control unit 过程控制单元PCV process control view 过程控制图PI pulse input 脉冲量输入PLC programmable logic controller 可编程控制器PLC programmable logic controller 可编程逻辑控制器PLT pilot 副的，控制的，指示PLTN plater 台板，屏式PO pulse output 脉冲量输出PPS 电厂保护系统PRCS process 过程PROB probe 探头，传感器PROG program 程序PROLNG prolong 持续时间长PROT protection 保护PT point 值，点PTRIP protection trip 保护跳闸PU pickup 传感器RESET reset 复位RST reset 复位RSTRD restricted 限制的，禁止的RSVR reservoir 水库，储存器，滞止S/G sub group 子群组SCS sequence control system 顺序控制系统SEQ sequence 顺序SER sequence event recorder 事故顺序记录SER sequence of events recorder 事故的顺序记录SI switch input 开关量输入SIG signal 信号SIL silence 无声的SILENCE silence 消音SMPL sample 取样SO switch output 开关量输出SOE sequence of event 事故顺序SOE sequence of events 事故顺序SOL solenoid 螺线管SOV solenoid operated valve 螺线管控制门，电磁阀STOR storage 储存器，蓄电SUBR subroutine 子程序SUCC successful 成功的SUMR summer 夏天，加法器T/C thermocouple 热电偶TC trip coil 跳闸线圈TCO trip cut out 跳闸断开TEST test 试验TL test link 试验连接TRBL trouble 故障TRGR trigger 触发器TRIPD tripped 跳闸的TS thermoswitch 热电偶开关TST test 试验UNSATSF unsatisfactory 不满足条件的UNSUCC unsuccessful 失败的XDCR transducer 变送器汽轮机英语词汇TURBINE VOCABULARY A (2007-07-31 22:47:53) I Power station电站1. power station电站2. power plant电站，发电设备3. utility电力部门4.independent power producer (IPP)独立发电项目，独立发电站5.nuclear power station核电站6. thermal power station火电站7. fossil (fired) power plant化石燃料电站，常规火电站8. combined heat power (CHP) plant热电联供机组9. steam power plant蒸汽电站，蒸汽发电设备10. cogeneration power station热电联供电站11. coal fired power plant燃煤电站12. oil fired power plant燃油电站13. gas filed power plant燃气电站14. LNG power plant (liquefied natural gas)燃液化天然气电站15. BoP (balance of plant)电站辅机16. I&C (instrumentation and control)仪表和控制系统II Turbine透平，涡轮17. Turbine透平，涡轮18. steam turbine汽轮机19. gas turbine燃气轮机20. nuclear turbine核电汽轮机21. fossil turbine火电汽轮机22. industrial turbine工业透平23. cogeneration turbine热电联供透平24. condensing turbine凝汽式汽轮机25. back pressure turbine背压式汽轮机26. extraction turbine抽汽式汽轮机27. extraction condensing turbine抽汽凝汽式汽轮机28. single-extraction turbine单抽汽轮机29. double-extraction turbine双抽汽轮机30. mechanical drive turbine机械驱动汽轮机31. HP (IP, LP) turbine高（中、低）压缸32. sub-critical pressure turbine亚临界汽轮机33. super-critical pressure (SC) turbine 超临界汽轮机34. ultra-super critical (USC) pressure turbine超朝临界汽轮机35. BFPT (boiler feed pump turbine)给水泵汽轮机36. steam turbine with air-cooled condenser（air cooled steam turbine）空冷汽轮机37. reheat turbine再热汽轮机38. double-reheat turbine二次再热汽轮机39. wet steam turbine湿蒸汽汽轮机40. saturated steam turbine饱和蒸汽汽轮机41. full-speed turbine全速汽轮机42. half-speed turbine半速汽轮机43. tandem compound turbine单轴汽轮机44. cross compound turbine双轴汽轮机45. super (over)-high pressure turbine过高压汽轮机46. impulse (type) turbine冲动式汽轮机47. reaction (type) turbine反动式汽轮机48. axial flow turbine轴流透平49. radial flow turbine径流透平50. turbine with axial condenser轴向排汽汽轮机51. turbine with horizontal joint带有水平中分面的汽轮机52. turbine with vertical joint带有垂直中分面的汽轮机53. double flow turbine两排汽汽轮机54. triple flow turbine三排汽汽轮机56. single-casing turbine单缸汽轮机57. double-casing turbine双缸汽轮机58. turbine proper汽轮机本体59. oil turbine 油透平60. hydraulic turbine水轮机61. marine steam turbine船用汽轮机62. aeroderivative gas turbine航改式燃气轮机63. stationary steam turbine电站汽轮机64. auxiliary turbine辅助透平III Rotary parts回转件65. rotor转子66. rigid rotor刚性转子67. flexible rotor挠性转子68. solid (forged) rotor (monobloc rotor)整锻转子69. welded rotor焊接转子70. (hollow) drum (type) rotor鼓型转子71. built-up rotor组装转子72. rotor without center bore无中心孔转子73. HP-LP integrated rotor高/低压一体化转子74. shafting (shaft)轴系75. HP (IP, LP) rotor高（中、低）压转子76. thrust collar推力盘77. journal轴颈78. section of rotor转子区段79. (first, second ) critical speed一阶（二阶）临界转速80. extension shaft (spacer)中间轴，延伸段81. coupling联轴节82. flexible coupling挠性联轴节83. rigid coupling刚性联轴节84. semi-flexible coupling半挠性联轴节85. half coupling联轴节半部86. integral (forged) coupling整体（锻制）联轴节87. shrunk-on coupling红套联轴节88. spigot（rabbet）止口89. disk (disc) 叶轮90. rim (steeple)轮缘（枞树型叶根槽）91. hub轮毂92. body（web）轮体93. T （fir tree-type ) groove T型（枞树型）叶根槽94. balance hole (plane, weight, plug)平衡孔（平衡平面，平衡配重，平衡旋塞）95. keyway键槽96. disk of constant stress (conical profile)等强度（锥形）叶轮97. disk of constant thickness等厚度叶轮98. shrunk-on disk红套叶轮99. blade叶片100. moving (rotating, rotor) blade动叶101. bucket 动叶102. straight (tapered, twisted) blade直叶片（变截面叶片，扭曲叶片）103. last stage (last but one, penultimate) blade末级叶轮（次末级叶片）104. last (locking , gate) blade (piece)末叶片（锁紧叶片，锁紧件）105. free-stand blade自由叶片106. integral shroud blade整体围带叶轮。
新东方陈琦老师词汇串讲新东方陈琦老师词汇串讲渣“事物及其渣”filings n.锉屑, 锉末 shavings n.刮, 修胡须, 削, 刨, 刨花crumb n.碎屑, 面包屑, 少许 vt.搓碎, 弄碎shard 陶瓷碎片splinter 玻璃木头碎片 fragment 骨头碎片 sawdust 锯屑cinder 煤渣dross 浮渣slag 矿渣炉渣火山岩渣 chaff 谷壳糠工具file 锉刀plane 铇子saw 锯wrench 扳手tong 钳子drill 钻床 :bore 钻孔 lathe 车床: shape 成型 bolt 螺钉nut 螺母rivet铆钉riveting 吸引人的seven deadly sins 七宗罪lust 欲望 avarice 贪婪vanity 空虚 sloth 懒惰 gluttony 暴食covetousness 垂涎觊觎 wrath 愤怒seven heavenly virtues 七种美德fortitude 坚韧temperance 节制 prudence 审慎 justice 公正 faith 忠实charity 慈善 hope和音乐有关的词fantasia n.幻想曲capriccio 狂想曲, 随想曲rhapsody 狂想曲 concerto 协奏曲 reverie 幻想曲 serenade 小夜曲sonata 奏鸣曲medley 集成曲，串烧 pastiche 混成曲大杂烩note 音符 bar 音节 phrase乐句 movement 乐章 (依次为组成关系)score 乐谱 overture 序曲 finale 终曲 prelude 前奏 coda 尾声 piano 轻音 forte 重音crescendo 声音渐增 diminuendo 声音渐弱 refrain 副歌 staccato 断音cantata 清唱剧 oratorio 宗教剧 operetta 轻歌剧 melodrama 情节剧farce 闹剧mime 哑剧 pantomime 哑剧soprano 女高音 tenor 男高音(:main point )canary 女歌手 recital 独唱会独奏会rendering 表演翻译描写透视图maestro 艺术大师名作曲家 virtuoso 艺术品鉴赏家ballerina 芭蕾舞女演员 pirouette 芭蕾中的一种旋转minute 小步舞曲 madrigal 情歌小调 ballad 民谣 ditty 小曲小调 harp 竖琴 harpsichord 键琴 bassoon 低音管 tambourine 手鼓铃鼓 violin 小提琴viola 中提琴 cello 大提琴percussionist 打击乐手 horn 喇叭 trumpet 小号scale 音阶由音调 tone组成(spectrum由color组成)『scale的其他意思』n.刻度,衡量,比例,数值范围,比例尺,天平,等级vt.依比例决定,攀登,测量vi.剥落,生水垢,重,攀登,衡量几种人特立独行的人，nonconformist (:norm)iconoclast (:dogma)bohemianmaverick肆意挥霍的人(:squander正面特征)prodigal spendthrift profligate wastrel苦行僧 ascetic stoic(正面特征节制自制) 堕落的人 reprobate 节制自制n.: temperance continence abstinence self-denialsobriety党派成员 partisan和狂热者zealot 正面特征: loyalty allegiance martinet 对纪律严格执行的军官stickler 对事一丝不苟的人purist 纯粹主义者，专指语言学家粗鲁的人粗鄙的人乡土气的人lout churl boor 行为特征为:loutish churlish boorish乡巴佬 yokel 正面特征为:ingenuous dupe文学作品类doggerel 打油诗(:humor informal)sonnet 十四行诗 (:formal)limerick 五行诗 (humor)anthology 文学作品集panegyric颂词赞美诗圣歌 hymn paean psalm anthem (:praise )anathema 诅咒哀歌 elegy dirge (: sorrow) 讽刺作品 lampoon satire趣闻轶事anecdote推理小说mystery (fiction种属关系)告别演说valediction (:farewell ) ode 史诗parody 嘲弄性的模仿作品 (:wit)长篇抨击性演讲 discourse diatribe tirade harangue冗长的演讲screeddiscourse =speech 一般的演讲常考种属关系与水有关的spring 泉水弹簧 glacier冰河bog 沼泽引申为困境 plight: 沼泽同义词: marsh morass quagmire miretributary 支流的distributary 分流支流区别于以下几个词(distribute 分发 attribute 归结为tribute 贡品颂词contribute贡献投稿)creek 小溪小河brook 小溪动词容忍 rapids 急流confluence 汇流河流 meander 蜿蜒而流eddy 漩涡ebb 退潮衰退vortex 漩涡vertex 顶点cascade 小瀑布cataract 大瀑布sediment 沉积物delta三角洲estuary 入海口dredge 挖掘挖掘船silt 淤泥淤沙sluice 水闸levee 防洪堤 (:flood)canal 运河皮skin 皮肤肠衣hide fell 兽皮epidermis 表皮 cuticlemembrane 膜(:cell) rind 厚果皮:orange peel 薄果皮: peach husk 种皮谷物的外壳 hull 种皮bark 树皮carapace 龟壳enamel 牙釉质:tooth群鸟群 flock (静) flight (动)畜群 herd(静) drove(动)狼群 pack (:wolf)强盗群 gang鹅群 gaggle:goose少女群 bevy幼鸟群 brood星座 constellation (:star)暴民rabble (:people)全体教师 faculty (: teachers instructors )一群身份地位显赫的人 galaxy顾客群 clientele平息抚慰assuage placate pacify appease soothe propitiate conciliate pacify allay mollify mitigate煽动激起foment provoke agitate irritate (irrigate灌溉注意区别) peeve vex instigate有“小”特点的词常考小与一般小过失小错误peccadillo lapse foiblecavity 小洞 cavern 大洞hill小山小溪小河creek brook rivulet 小树枝twig小争吵 tiff miff spat squabble skirmish小口吃nibble小口喝 sip少量微量 pittance modicum 小提示 hint inking小步走切碎 mince小饰物 trinket (: jewellery ) 小区别 nuance (: distinction ) 小插图vignette小鹰eaglet : eagle小鹿小羊 fawn小鸟fledgling小鱼 minnow 区别 winnow 扬场: chaff 消除关系小母鸡pullet 区别pulley 滑轮小母马 fillyewe 母羊 pen 母天鹅狼吞虎咽的吃, 暴食(反义 nibble 小口吃)gulp gobble gorge gluttony gluttonize畅饮 (反义 sip )quaff guzzle swill短暂的 ephemeral evanescent transient transitory (: 反义lasting ) 几个以nish结尾的词vanish 上清漆 (:wood 动宾关系)(:有光泽的lustrous glossy 动作及其结果 )给金属抛光 burnish furbish 区别与furnish 供应提供装备布置 tarnish 不及物动词变昏暗 silver tarnishes. garnish 装饰修饰embellish 修饰admonish 警告劝告(:criticize 程度类比)banish 驱逐放逐replenish 再一次充满，补充以aunt结尾的“七仙姑”daunt v.沮丧flaunt 炫耀gaunt 憔悴的haunt v. 萦绕，经常出没jaunt 短途旅行taunt 辱骂嘲弄vaunt 自夸吹嘘与眼睛有关的词pupil 瞳孔 cornea 角膜 lens 晶状体 retina 视网膜 iris 虹膜myopia 近视短见 cataract 白内障 goggle 护目镜 spectacles 眼镜(注意s) spectacle 风景景象 monocle 单片眼镜奉承谄媚flattery n.谄媚恭维话 ( compliment 褒义恭维) 拍马者 sycophant toady 特征:servile 奴性的 obsequious 谄媚的奉承的顺从的动作及其结果—动词:flatter fawn cringe 畏缩，谄媚 grovel adulate (程度最深)几组形近词discrete 离散的不连续的discreet 小心的谨慎的 indiscretion 草率鲁莽prescribe 开处方proscribe 禁止，谴责ingenuous 天真的ingenious 聪明的carve 雕刻切开crave 恳求渴望craven 胆小的胆小鬼反义herocavern 大洞 cavity 小洞latitude 纬度aptitude 能力，倾向，聪明altitude 海拔stimulate 刺激激励 stimulant 刺激物兴奋剂 simulate 模拟emulate 仿效comprehend 理解领悟包括apprehend 领会理解reprehend 责备反驳immortal 不朽的 mortal 凡人，必死的 immoral 不道德的immolate 牺牲献祭各种“笑”giggle chuckle 轻声笑(whisper 轻声说) chortle 咯咯笑大声笑guffaw 哄笑大笑snicker 偷偷笑grin 露齿笑simper 傻笑痴笑胡乱笑 (:babble 胡乱说) smirk 洋洋自得的笑(:smug 动作及其心里感情) ridicule 嘲笑 (scorn sneer scoff jest jeer jibe gibe ) 窒息使窒息 stifle smother suffocate表达不同意disapproval 的心理感情的词有: upbraid 责备 frown scowl 皱眉表达爱的心理感情的词有:embrace 拥抱 kiss caress 爱抚乏味的平淡的 insipid prosaic jejune vapid flat陈词滥调的陈腐的n/adj cliché bromide platitude banal hackneyed偷，窃robbery 抢劫 burglary入室行窃embezzlement 盗用挪用 misappropriatehijack 劫持(运输体)wiretap 窃听plagiarism 剽窃(:idea)kleptomania 盗窃癖―――――mania 癖好狂热，过分热情的人megalomania 自大狂 pyromania 纵火狂 dipsomania 酗酒狂 teetotaler 禁酒主义者不自然的做作的affected mannered stilted artificial stagyhistrionic pretentious studied新手fledgling tyro neophyte novice rookie recruit apprentice药剂analgesic painkiller anodyne 止痛药消除painanesthetic 麻醉剂用来numb 消除sensationantiseptic 杀虫剂用来sterilizeastringent 收缩剂用后结果 contract puckercoagulant 凝结剂用来congeal clot v 凝结血液凝块用后结果 thicken defoliant 落叶剂干掉leavedesiccant 干燥剂用来 drydetergent 清洁剂enzyme 是catalyst的一种emollient 润肤剂用来soothe 结果supple 和润肤剂功能类似的是一堆药膏salve 药膏 unctuous 油质的balm 药膏安慰物 irritant 刺激物ointment 药膏leaven 发酵剂v发酵增加 volume lubricant 润滑剂消除fiction abrasion palliative缓释剂消除symptompesticide 杀虫剂 insecticide干掉insect purgative泻药placebo 安慰剂特点innocuous 无毒的类似的是三个万灵药nostrum panacea elixir 特点假preservative 防腐剂防止decayreagent 试剂sedative 镇静剂tranquillizer 镇定剂用来 pacify 消除drowsy用来 dissolve solvent adj(有偿债能力的溶剂stimulant 兴奋剂 tonic 补品消除lethargic无精打采的 soporific hypnotic narcotic opiate安眠药 sleep vaccine 疫苗增加 immunity dose (药)剂量overdose (药物)过度剂量违背prescription起保护作用的配件helmet 头盔防止 injuryamulet 护身符驱 evilshield 盾牌防止 impactearplug 耳塞防止noiseearmuff 保护earsgoggle 护目镜保护 eyes。
汽机锅炉缩写词汇汇总大全ST1级A报警ADS自动调度系统AGC自动发电机控制AH空气预热器AS轴向位移ATC汽轮机自动控制AUTO自动AUX辅助的BASE基本BCP炉水循环泵BD排污BF锅炉跟随BFP锅炉给水泵BMCR锅炉最大连续出力BMP燃烧器管理系统BOP轴承油泵BP旁路BRG轴承BTG锅炉－汽机－发电机CAF冷却风机CAMP控制＋报警＋监测＋保护CCCW闭式循环冷却水CCS协调控制系统CDSR凝汽器COND凝结CON连续的COOR连续的CORR校正，修正CRT显示器CRH低温再热器CSH包覆过热器CW循环水D NO编号，第。
号D.C直流DAS数据采集系统DCS分散控制系统DECR减少，降低DEH数字电液转换DMD需求，要求DPU分散处理单元ECON省煤器ED配电EH电液ELEC电的，电气的EOP紧急油泵EP电除尘器ETS紧急跳闸系统EXTR抽取F故障FCB甩负荷FDF送风机FRH末级再热器FRQ频率FSH末级过热器FSSS炉膛安全监测系统FW给水FWP给水泵GC高压调门控制GEN发电机GV（高压）调节汽门HH高高HDR联箱，集箱HP高压缸HTR加热器IC中压调门控制ID标志，标识IDF引风机IMP冲动式（级）Inc增加INCR提高，增加INTERM定期，间断Inc增加IV中压调门LL低低LDC负荷指令计算机LOP顶轴油泵Lp低压LSH低温过热器LUB润滑油MANU手动（方式）MCR最大连续出力MCS模拟量控制系统MEH小型汽轮机电液调节MFT主燃料失去保护MIN最小MS主蒸汽MW兆瓦NTPK无压水箱O操作员O2氧（量）OA操作员自动OCCW开式循环冷却水OFA过燃风OPC超速保护控制系统P压力PAF一次风机PB按钮PC动力中心PCV压力控制阀门PD压差PID比例－积分－微分PRESS压力PREC除尘器PSH屏式过热器PULV磨煤机RSV快速降负荷RB快速返回RE差胀REQ请求，要求RGER再生式RH再热器RPM转速单位RSH顶棚过热器RSM转子应力监测T允许的TURB汽轮机TC高压主汽门控制TD汽机负荷指令TE汽缸膨胀TEM温度TF汽机跟随锅炉TK水箱TRG目标TSI汽机本体监视系统TURB SYNC汽机同期允许TV主汽门GV高调门ECC偏心度A/M auto/manual自动/手动ADS automatic dispatch system自动调度系统AGC automatic generator control机组自动发电控制AOP auxiliaty oil pump辅助油泵AOV air operated valve汽动门AST automatic stop trip自动停机跳闸系统A-STP auto stop自动停止A-STRT auto start自动启动ATC automatic turbine control汽轮机自动控制A-TRIP auto trip自动跳闸AUX auxiliary辅助的BAF baffle隔板BASE base基本方式BBL barrel圆筒型支架BF boiler follow锅炉跟随方式BKUP backup备用BOPMS balance of plant master system机组辅助设备主控顺序BP base plate底版，支撑板BPS bypass control system旁路控制系统BRG bearing轴承BW backwash反洗BYP bypass旁路CAB cabinet小室CAEP condenser air extraction pump真空泵CAV cavity空腔CAVIT cavitation汽蚀CC closing coil闭式循环CCCW closed circuit cooling water闭式循环冷却水CCCWP closed circuit cooling water pump闭式循环冷却水泵CCW condenser circulating water循环水CCW counter clockwise逆时针的CCWP condenser circulating water pump循环水泵CE case expansion缸胀CEP condensate extraction pump凝结水泵CHEM chemical化学CIV close interceptor valve关中压调门CLD cold/cooled冷的CLF clarifier净化器CLG cooling冷却CLNG cleaning清洁，净化CLR cool冷却器CLS close关CLSD closed已关CLU clutch离合器CND conduit管道，导线管CNDCT conductivity导电率，传导率COAG coagulant凝结剂COAX coaxial同轴的COND condenser凝汽器COOL coolant冷却介质COR coordination协调控制方式COV cover外壳CPLG coupling偶合器，连轴器CRH cold reheat冷再热CRIT critical临界的，关键的CSG casing汽缸CT combustion turbine燃气轮机CTW cooling tower冷水塔CV control valve高调门CW circulating water循环水CW cooling water冷却水CWP circulating water pump循环水泵CYL cylingder汽缸D density密度，浓度DE differential expansion胀差DEA deaerator除氧器DECR decrease下降DEG degree(s)度DEGC degrees celsius摄氏度DEH digital electro-hydraulic control system数字电液调节系统DEH digital数字电液DEMIN demineralization除盐DESALN desalination除盐DGS degasifier脱气器，除氧器DIL dilute/dilution冲淡稀释DISH dissolved hydrogen溶氢DISO dissolved oxygen溶氧DMNRLZR demineralizer除盐装置DOS dosing配料，加药DR door门DSTL distill蒸馏DSTLT distillate蒸馏EBOP emergency bearing oil pump事故轴承油泵ECC eccentricity偏心度EH electrohydraulic电液EHC electrohydraulic control电液控制EOP emergency oil pump事故油泵ES extraction steam抽汽ETS emergency trip system汽轮机紧急跳闸保护系统EXCH exhange/exhanger交换/交换器EXH exhaust排气/排汽EXHD exhaust hood排汽罩/排汽缸EXTR extraction/extractor抽取/抽汽器FA full arc全周，全周进汽FCB faster cut back机组快速甩负荷FCPLG fluid(hydraulic)coupling液力偶合器FILL filling充水，充汽FJCTR ejector抽气器，喷射器FL fluid流体，液体FLG flange法兰FLTK flash tank扩容器FLTR filter过滤器FLTRG filtering过滤FNL final末级，最后FST first第一级FW feedwater给水FWP feedwater pump给水泵GATE gate门，导叶GLND gland密封装置，压盖GLND ST gland steam密封蒸汽，轴封蒸汽GT gas turbine燃气轮机GTG gas turbine generator燃气轮机发电机GTV gate valve闸门GV governor valve主汽调节门HCL hydrochloric acid盐酸HDR header母管，联箱HL heat loss热损失HORIZ horizontal水平的，卧式的HP high pressure高压HPR hopper斗，漏斗HPSV high pressure stop valve高压主汽门HRH hot reheat再热热段HRSG heat recovery steam generator回热式汽轮发电机HRT heat rate热耗率HRU heat recovery unit回热式机组HS high speed高速HT heat加热HTG heating加热HTR heater加热器HU humidifier加湿器HW hotwell热井HX heat exchange热交换器HYDR hydraulic液力的HYDRO hydrostatic静水的HYPCL hypochlorite氯化物ICBV interceptor control bypass valve中调门旁路门ICV interceptor control valve中调门IMPLR impeller叶轮INJ injection喷射INRTNG inerting惰性的INTMD intermediate中间的IP intermediate pressure中压IPSW intermediate press service water中压厂用水IPSWP intermediate press service water pump中压厂用水泵IV interceptor valve中压调节汽门JB junction box接线盒，连轴器JCT junction连接JNL journal轴径JOP jacking oil pump顶轴油泵LIQ liquid液体LKG leakage/leaking泄漏LO lube oil润滑油LOFF leakoff泄漏的，已漏的LOP lube oil pump润滑油泵LP low pressure低压LUB lube/lubrication润滑MACH machine机器MANF manifold母管MDBFP motor driven boil feed pump电泵MEH microprocessor electric hydraulic control微机化电液调节系统MEZZ mezzanine高压加热器MOP main oil pump主油泵MOT main oil tank主油箱MOV motor operated valve电动门MS main steam主蒸汽MSSV main steam stop valve主汽门MSV main steam valve主汽门MSV main stop valve主截门MTS master trip solenoid主跳闸电磁阀NOL normal oil level正常油位NRV non return valve逆止阀OIV open interceptor valve开中压调门OPC overspeed protect controller超速保护控制PLSH polish/polishing精处理PLSHR polisher精处理器PNEU pneumatic气动的PPS汽轮机防进水保护RB run back辅机故障减负荷RD run down负荷迫降REV reverse反向REVD reversed反向的REVLN revolution转数RNBK runback快速减负荷ROT rotary转动的ROTAT rotate转动ROTATN rotation转动RPD rupturing disc叶片断裂RPM revolutions per minute每分钟的转数RPS revolutions per second每秒钟的转数RSV reheat stop valve中压主汽门RSV reserve备用RTN-N return to normal复位RTR rotor转子RU run up负荷迫升RUNNG running运行RV self-regulating valve自动调整门S/O shutoff断开SA OFF semi-auto off半自动关SA ON semi-auto on半自动开SAF safety安全SD shutdown停机SEL select选择SELD selected已选好的SEP separate/separator分离/分离器SET setting/settling设定SEW sewer下水道SFT shaft轴SG standby generator备用发电机SHL shell外壳SJAE steam jet air ejector射汽抽气器SK sink排水管，排水沟，散热器SO seal oil密封油SOP seal oil pump密封油泵SP set point设定值SPD speed速度SPGR specific gravity比重SPRG sparging喷淋，鼓泡SPRY spary喷射SPVOL specific volume比容SS selector switch选择开关STG stage级STG steam turbine generator汽轮发电机STP stop停止STPD stopped已停止STPG stopping停止的STR strainer拉紧装置，过滤器STRT start启动STRTD started已启动的STRTG starting启动的SU startup开机SU/SD startup/shutdown开机/停机SUB submerged浸在水中的SUCT suction吸入，抽真空SUP support支承SUPV supervisory监视的SUPVN supervision监视SV servo valve电液伺服阀（电液转换器）SV stop valve截止门SWC service water closed闭式水SWCP service water closed pump闭式水泵SWCS service water closed sump闭式水箱SWO service water open开式水SWOP service water open pump开式水泵TCS turbine control system汽轮机控制系统TDM turbine diagnose monitoring汽轮机运行监视、诊断管理TEMP temperature温度TF turbine follow汽机跟随方式T-G turbine generator汽轮发电机TGOP turbine gear oil pump盘车油泵TGR turbine gear盘车THR thrust推力THRBRG thrust bearing推力轴承THRM thermal热力的THROT throttle节流TK tank箱，容器T-MCR turbine maximum continous rate汽轮机最大连续出力TPC throttlt pressure control主蒸汽压力控制TRSHRK trashrack滤网TRTMT treatment处理TRVL travel/travelling运行，旋转TRVSCN travelling screens旋转滤网TSI turbine supervisory instrument汽轮机监测仪表系统TSI turbine supervisory instrumentation汽轮机检测仪表TURB turbine汽轮机TURBFLW turbine flow汽轮机流量TURN turning转动TV throttle valve主汽门TWR tower塔UAM unit automatic management机组自启停管理系统UM unit master机组主控UMS unit master sequence机组主控顺序UNBAL unbalance(d)不平衡UPR upper上部的UPSTR upstream上游的；逆流的；进口的VAC vacuum真空VAP vapor蒸汽VERT vertical垂直的VIB vibrator/vibration振动器/振动VLV valve阀门VOL volume体积；容积VP pneumaticlly operated valve气动门V-V通风排汽阀VWO valve wide open阀门全开WASH washer/washing冲洗WMUP warmup暖机WTR water水ZS零转速监视系统。
汽轮机常用英文缩写（一）A/M auto/manual 自动/手动ADS automatic dispatch system 自动调度系统AGC automatic generator control 机组自动发电控制AOP auxiliaty oil pump 辅助油泵AOV air operated valve 汽动门AST automatic stop trip 自动停机跳闸系统A-STP auto stop 自动停止A-STRT auto start 自动启动ATC automatic turbine control 汽轮机自动控制A-TRIP auto trip 自动跳闸AUX auxiliary 辅助的BAF baffle 隔板BASE base 基本方式BBL barrel 圆筒型支架BF boiler follow 锅炉跟随方式BKUP backup 备用BOPMS balance of plant master system 机组辅助设备主控顺序BP base plate 底版，支撑板BPS bypass control system 旁路控制系统BRG bearing 轴承BW backwash 反洗BYP bypass 旁路CAB cabinet 小室CAEP condenser air extraction pump 真空泵CAV cavity 空腔CAVIT cavitation 汽蚀CC closing coil 闭式循环CCCW closed circuit cooling water 闭式循环冷却水CCCWP closed circuit cooling water pump 闭式循环冷却水泵CCW condenser circulating water 循环水CCW counter clockwise 逆时针的CCWP condenser circulating water pump 循环水泵CE case expansion 缸胀CEP condensate extraction pump 凝结水泵CHEM chemical 化学CIV close interceptor valve 关中压调门CLD cold/cooled 冷的CLF clarifier 净化器CLG cooling 冷却CLNG cleaning 清洁，净化CLR cool 冷却器CLS close 关CLSD closed 已关CLU clutch 离合器CND conduit 管道，导线管CNDCT conductivity 导电率，传导率COAG coagulant 凝结剂COAX coaxial 同轴的COND condenser 凝汽器COOL coolant 冷却介质COR coordination 协调控制方式COV cover 外壳CPLG coupling 偶合器，连轴器CRH cold reheat 冷再热CRIT critical 临界的，关键的CSG casing 汽缸CT combustion turbine 燃气轮机CTW cooling tower 冷水塔CV control valve 高调门CW circulating water 循环水CW cooling water 冷却水CWP circulating water pump 循环水泵CYL cylingder 汽缸D density 密度，浓度DE differential expansion 胀差DEA deaerator 除氧器DECR decrease 下降DEG degree(s) 度DEGC degrees celsius 摄氏度DEH digital electro-hydraulic control system 数字电液调节系统DEH digital 数字电液DEMIN demineralization 除盐DESALN desalination 除盐DGS degasifier 脱气器，除氧器DIL dilute/dilution 冲淡稀释DISH dissolved hydrogen 溶氢DISO dissolved oxygen 溶氧DMNRLZR demineralizer 除盐装置DOS dosing 配料，加药DR door 门DSTL distill 蒸馏DSTLT distillate 蒸馏EBOP emergency bearing oil pump 事故轴承油泵ECC eccentricity 偏心度EH electrohydraulic 电液EHC electrohydraulic control 电液控制EOP emergency oil pump 事故油泵ES extraction steam 抽汽ETS emergency trip system 汽轮机紧急跳闸保护系统EXCH exhange/exhanger 交换/交换器EXH exhaust 排气/排汽EXHD exhaust hood 排汽罩/排汽缸EXTR extraction/extractor 抽取/抽汽器FA full arc 全周，全周进汽FCB faster cut back 机组快速甩负荷FCPLG fluid (hydraulic) coupling 液力偶合器FILL filling 充水，充汽FJCTR ejector 抽气器，喷射器FL fluid 流体，液体FLG flange 法兰FLTK flash tank 扩容器FLTR filter 过滤器FLTRG filtering 过滤FNL final 末级，最后FST first 第一级FW feedwater 给水FWP feedwater pump 给水泵GATE gate 门，导叶GLND gland 密封装置，压盖GLND ST gland steam 密封蒸汽，轴封蒸汽GT gas turbine 燃气轮机GTG gas turbine generator 燃气轮机发电机GTV gate valve 闸门GV governor valve 主汽调节门HCL hydrochloric acid 盐酸HDR header 母管，联箱HITASS hitichi turbine automatic start-up system 日立汽轮机自启动系统HL heat loss 热损失HORIZ horizontal 水平的，卧式的HP high pressure 高压HPR hopper 斗，漏斗HPSV high pressure stop valve 高压主汽门HRH hot reheat 再热热段HRSG heat recovery steam generator 回热式汽轮发电机HRT heat rate 热耗率HRU heat recovery unit 回热式机组HS high speed 高速HT heat 加热HTG heating 加热HTR heater 加热器HU humidifier 加湿器HW hotwell 热井HX heat exchange 热交换器HYDR hydraulic 液力的HYDRO hydrostatic 静水的HYPCL hypochlorite 氯化物ICBV interceptor control bypass valve 中调门旁路门ICV interceptor control valve 中调门IMPLR impeller 叶轮INJ injection 喷射INRTNG inerting 惰性的INTMD intermediate 中间的IP intermediate pressure 中压IPSW intermediate press service water 中压厂用水IPSWP intermediate press service water pump 中压厂用水泵IV interceptor valve 中压调节汽门JB junction box 接线盒，连轴器JCT junction 连接JNL journal 轴径JOP jacking oil pump 顶轴油泵LIQ liquid 液体LKG leakage/leaking 泄漏LO lube oil 润滑油LOFF leakoff 泄漏的，已漏的LOP lube oil pump 润滑油泵LP low pressure 低压LUB lube/lubrication 润滑MACH machine 机器MANF manifold 母管MDBFP motor driven boil feed pump 电泵MEH microprocessor electric hydraulic control 微机化电液调节系统MEZZ mezzanine 高压加热器MOP main oil pump 主油泵MOT main oil tank 主油箱MOV motor operated valve 电动门MS main steam 主蒸汽MSSV main steam stop valve 主汽门MSV main steam valve 主汽门MSV main stop valve 主截门MTS master trip solenoid 主跳闸电磁阀NOL normal oil level 正常油位NRV non return valve 逆止阀OIV open interceptor valve 开中压调门OPC overspeed protect controller 超速保护控制PLSH polish/polishing 精处理PLSHR polisher 精处理器PNEU pneumatic 气动的PPS 汽轮机防进水保护RB run back 辅机故障减负荷RD run down 负荷迫降REV reverse 反向REVD reversed 反向的REVLN revolution 转数RNBK runback 快速减负荷ROT rotary 转动的ROTAT rotate 转动ROTATN rotation 转动RPD rupturing disc 叶片断裂RPM revolutions per minute 每分钟的转数RPS revolutions per second 每秒钟的转数RSV reheat stop valve 中压主汽门RSV reserve 备用RTN-N return to normal 复位RTR rotor 转子RU run up 负荷迫升RUNNG running 运行RV self-regulating valve 自动调整门S/O shutoff 断开SA OFF semi-auto off 半自动关SA ON semi-auto on 半自动开SAF safety 安全SD shutdown 停机SEL select 选择SELD selected 已选好的SEP separate/separator 分离/分离器SET setting/settling 设定SEW sewer 下水道SFT shaft 轴SG standby generator 备用发电机SHL shell 外壳SJAE steam jet air ejector 射汽抽气器SK sink 排水管，排水沟，散热器SO seal oil 密封油SOP seal oil pump 密封油泵SP set point 设定值SPD speed 速度SPGR specific gravity 比重SPRG sparging 喷淋，鼓泡SPRY spary 喷射SPVOL specific volume 比容SS selector switch 选择开关STG stage 级STG steam turbine generator 汽轮发电机STP stop 停止STPD stopped 已停止STPG stopping 停止的STR strainer 拉紧装置，过滤器STRT start 启动STRTD started 已启动的STRTG starting 启动的SU startup 开机SU/SD startup/shutdown 开机/停机SUB submerged 浸在水中的SUCT suction 吸入，抽真空SUP support 支承SUPV supervisory 监视的SUPVN supervision 监视SV servo valve 电液伺服阀（电液转换器）SV stop valve 截止门SWC service water closed 闭式水SWCP service water closed pump 闭式水泵SWCS service water closed sump 闭式水箱SWO service water open 开式水SWOP service water open pump 开式水泵TCS turbine control system 汽轮机控制系统TDM turbine diagnose monitoring 汽轮机运行监视、诊断管理TEMP temperature 温度TF turbine follow 汽机跟随方式T-G turbine generator 汽轮发电机TGOP turbine gear oil pump 盘车油泵TGR turbine gear 盘车THR thrust 推力THRBRG thrust bearing 推力轴承THRM thermal 热力的THROT throttle 节流TK tank 箱，容器T-MCR turbine maximum continous rate 汽轮机最大连续出力TPC throttlt pressure control 主蒸汽压力控制TRSHRK trashrack 滤网TRTMT treatment 处理TRVL travel/travelling 运行，旋转TRVSCN travelling screens 旋转滤网TSI turbine supervisory instrument 汽轮机监测仪表系统TSI turbine supervisory instrumentation 汽轮机检测仪表TURB turbine 汽轮机TURBFLW turbine flow 汽轮机流量TURN turning 转动TV throttle valve 主汽门TWR tower 塔UAM unit automatic management 机组自启停管理系统UM unit master 机组主控UMS unit master sequence 机组主控顺序UNBAL unbalance(d) 不平衡UPR upper 上部的UPSTR upstream 上游的；逆流的；进口的VAC vacuum 真空VAP vapor 蒸汽VERT vertical 垂直的VIB vibrator/vibration 振动器/振动VLV valve 阀门VOL volume 体积；容积VP pneumaticlly operated valve 气动门V-V 通风排汽阀VWO valve wide open 阀门全开WASH washer/washing 冲洗WMUP warmup 暖机WTR water 水ZS 零转速监视系统OPEN 敞开。
乳胶手套制备工艺流程英文回答：Latex Glove Manufacturing Process.The manufacturing process of latex gloves involves several key steps:1. Harvesting Latex: Latex is a natural rubber obtained from the sap of rubber trees. The tapping process involves making incisions on the tree's bark to collect the milky white liquid.2. Preparation and Centrifugation: The harvested latex is diluted with water and subjected to centrifugation to separate the rubber particles from the other components.3. Coagulation: A coagulant, such as calcium chloride, is added to the centrifuged latex to induce the formation of rubber particles and create a gel-like substance.4. Washing and Drying: The coagulated latex is washed thoroughly to remove impurities and excess calcium chloride. It is then dried to remove surface moisture.5. Compounding: The dried latex is mixed with various chemicals and additives to enhance its properties, such as strength, elasticity, and durability.6. Chlorination: To prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi, the compounded latex is immersed in a chlorine solution.7. Forming: The chlorinated latex is dipped into a heated mold shaped like a hand. A vacuum is applied to remove air bubbles and ensure the glove conforms to themold's shape.8. Stripping: Once the glove is sufficiently thick, itis stripped off the mold and heated to complete the curing process.9. Quality Control: The gloves are inspected for defects and tested to meet quality standards.10. Packaging and Sterilization: The finished gloves are packaged and sterilized either by gamma radiation or by ethylene oxide gas to eliminate any remaining bacteria or viruses.中文回答：乳胶手套制造工艺流程。
Coagulants
凝结剂
The most widely used coagulants for water and wastewater treatment are aluminum and iron salts. The common metal salt is aluminum sulfate(filter alum), which is a good coagulant for water containing appreciable organic matter. The material is commonly shipped and fed in a dry granular form, although it is available as a powder or liquid alum syrup. Aluminum sulfate reacts with natural alkalinity in water to from aluminum hydroxide floc. If water does not contain sufficient alkalinity to react with the alum, lime or soda ash is fed to provide the necessary alkalinity. An advantage of using sodium carbonate (soda ash) is that unlike lime it does not increase water hardness, only corrosiveness.
处理水和废水使用最广泛的凝结剂是铝盐和铁盐。
常见的金属盐是硫酸盐，它对富含有机物质的水来说是一种很好的凝结剂。
虽然可为粉末或硫酸铝溶液，但一般是以干燥的颗粒状形式被装运的。
硫酸铝与碱性物质在水反应，生成絮状的氢氧化铝。
如果由于水中碱性不足，而不能与硫酸铝反应，则可加入石灰或碳酸钠达到所需的碱度。
使用碳酸钠的优点在于它不像石灰那样使水质变硬，只是具有腐蚀性而已。
Iron coagulants operate over a wider pH range and generally more effective in removing color from water, however, they are usually more costly. They include ferrous sulfate (copperas), ferric sulfate, and ferric chloride. Ferrous sulfate reacts with natural alkalinity, but the response is much slower than that between alum and natural alkalinity. Lime is generally added to raise the pH to the point where ferrous ions are precipitated as ferric hydroxide by the caustic alkalinity. Advantage of the ferric are that (1) coagulation is possible over a wide pH range, generally pH 4~9 for most waters; (2) the precipitate produced is a heavy quick settling floc; and (3) they are more effective in the removal of color, taste, and odor compounds. Ferric sulfate is available in crystalline form and may be fed using dry or liquid feeders. Although ferric chloride can be used in water treatment, its most frequent application is in wastewater treatment (e.g. as waste sludge conditioning chemical combination with lime prior to mechanical dewatering).
Cationic polyelectrolytes serve as prime coagulants, but their typical application is as a coagulant aid. Conventional aids adopted for coagulants involve lime, soda ash, activated silica and polyelectrolytes. The final choice of coagulant and chemical aids for particular water is based on coagulation control tests, past experience in treatment of water of similar quality, and the overall economics involved.
铁基凝结剂所使用的PH范围较广，但其只是在水中去除颜色效果较显著而已，再者它的成本通常交高。
它含硫酸亚铁、硫酸铁和氯化铁。
虽然硫酸亚铁可与天然碱反应，但反应速度要比硫酸铝与天然碱的慢。
通常，添加石灰可增强PH值，达到使亚铁离子通过苛性碱作用，生成氢氧化铁沉淀。
贴基凝结剂的优势在于可使大部分水的PH值达到4~9；而且可加速生成絮状沉淀物；并且对去除色渍、怪味效果显著。
硫酸铁可形成结晶，也可以干燥或液体的形态来贮存。
尽管氯化铁可用来净化水，但是人们通常用它来处理污水（例如：对污水污泥脱水时，在石灰的化合作用下脱水要比用机械脱水要好）。
阳离子聚合电解质作为基本的凝结剂，但它做为助凝剂被典型应用。
常见的催化助凝结剂有：石灰，苏打活性的二氧化硅和阳离子聚合电解质。
对特殊水质凝结剂和化学助剂最终的选择，应基于过去凝结剂对相似水质处理的对照试验，当然经济因素也应考虑。
