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语料库简单DIY 第一讲语料库--语料库语言学的工具主讲叶城日本国立广岛大学综合科学研究中心计算机辅助语言教学博士一年联系方式: QQ 47354211 E-mail: sery2004@在语言学QQ群里面混迹了多年，经常潜水走马观花似的看着群里面的朋友们针对语料库提出各种各样的问题和困惑，总结起来，大家的问题无非离不开对于语料库的理解，应用，以及研究。
不过，因为群里面的朋友大多数都是文科的文学，语言学，以及对外汉语专业。
对于计算机辅助语言研究，语料库语言学等概念接触的机会并不是很多。
加上群里的女性朋友居多，她们对于电脑操作系统本身的使用都存在诸多头疼的问题，就更不要提数据量超大的语料数据库了。
本人不是计算机专业的毕业生，本科是日语专业，硕士是比较语言学，博士是计算机辅助对日汉语教学。
所以对于语料库本身的程序和数据库，认识只是停留在应用和架设阶段，实在说不清楚里面很多细节的问题，也请朋友们原谅。
我有说的不对的地方，欢迎来信或者QQ群里直接批判，我一定虚心接受。
谢谢！首先，我们来个扫盲活动，把对于语料库的认识梳理清楚。
第一个内容：语料库是干嘛的？CORPUS =The body of written or spoken material upon which a linguistic analysis is based .这里的CORPUS就是我们说的语料库，它实际上也等于CORPSE或者Dead Body。
就是死尸的意思。
好奇怪，这里怎么搞个死尸进来呢？其实这个概念是在构造主义时期1956年由英国的语言学会提出来的。
他们认为，人类研究语言的时候，需要诸多实体例子，这样的例子最好是最纯净的，最朴实的，甚至是最低俗低劣但是最普及的。
并且我们需要一个庞大的地方放置我们日常的言行，报纸杂志上刊登的新闻，以及各种各样的文学体裁等等。
而放置这些语言信息的地方，则被称为没有活力没有变化没有生机勃勃，像停尸房一样的地方----语料库。
Unit OneAnswer KeyComprehensionA1. D2. It contrasts the attitudes of the French and the English-speaking people toward keeping their mother tongue "pure."3. The author does not appreciate the French attitude. He believes that they have gone to the extreme, because he says that 'the mind boggles at what the world might face. "That means the French are so sensitive that it is difficult to imagine what they will do to keep French pure in the future.4. B5. It refers to the differences between British and American English with regard to pronunciation and spelling of English. The author seems to agree with the Americans' viewpoint.6. C7. The King's English refers to English in its most proper and formal use. However, as it is used in foreign places, it is often used improperly. Here "lingo" mocks the formality of English that no longer exists in these foreign Usages8. Foreign varieties of English are very different from the original standard British English, sometimes they are barely recognizable.9. B10. The author thinks that communication is more important than the purification of the English language.B1. fast delivery (of the product)/rapid killing (of the customer)2. Please hang your own coat and hat here/die by hanging yourself3. "revolutionary" ideas are being sold/disgusting new ideas are being sold4. best bakers/idle, lazy persons5. the latest rnethod/a Christian denomination6. a doctor for women's diseases/regard women as a disease or womanizer (vulgar meaning)7. press the button of the lift to move it/inefficiency of the lift8. how to get service/open the door and call out the words “Room service”. (rude)9. in an European atmosphere/a car that rushes a person to the hospital10. serve the best wine/our wine is very bad; hopeless11. from 12~ 14 o'clock chamber maids are not busy/treat chambermaids unfairly (with possible sexual meaning)12. the pictures were painted in the last ten years/the painters were put to death13. leave your laundry/be naked or take off your clothes14. dancing is going on/very vulgar language (a reference to male sex organs)15. moral requirement for who can share the same room/implies that men and women must marry in order to live togetherV ocabulary and StructureA1--b 2--d 3--f4—j 5—I 6--hB1. sensitive2. list3. prevalent4. deficiency5. withheld6. certainty7. functional 8. confronte 9. courtesy10. spared 11. stroke 12. ambitious13. purified 14. highlights 15. noveltyC1. A. sensitive B. sense C. sensitivity2. A. compulsory B. compulsion C. compulsory3. A. Lease B. lease C. leasing4. A. deviate B. deviantly C. deviation5. A. prevalence B. prevalent C. prevalent6. A. deficient B. deficiency C.deficient7. A. extracts B. extracting C. extracted8. A, confronted B. confrontation C. confronted9. A, spare B. spare C. spare10. A. stroke B. stroking C. strokeD1. C. make alternative2. B. of taking advantage3. C. of a head injury4. D. remains5. A. accepted6. A. as much energy as7. C. would end up 8. C. has been9. B. or 10. D. with whichE1. language2. associates3. in-laws4. total5. responds6. swell7. Hardly8. lives9. dreams 10. aloud 11. ourselves 12. so13. distinguishes 14. humanity 15. makes 16. expressed17. source 18. newborn 19. act 20. traditionSpeaking(Open)Translation and Writing在过去，当探险者或商人们走出家园到外面的世界去寻找新的领地、市场或原材料资源时，他们通常与跟他们打交道的当地人说的不是同一种语言。
