人教版八年级英语上册第一单元语法知识点归纳
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一、词组、短语:1、go on vacation 去度假,2、stay at home 呆在家,3、go to the mountains 上山/ 进山,4、go to the beach 到海边去,5、visit museums 参观博物馆,6、go to summer camp 去夏令营,7、quite a few 相当多,8 study for 为..... 学习,9、go out 出去,10、most of the time 大部分时间/ 绝大多数时间,11、taste good 尝起来味道好,12、have a good time 玩的开心,13、of course 当然可以,14、feel like感觉像... /想要,15、go shopping 购物,16、in the past 在过去,17、walk around 绕... 走,18、too many 太多(可数名词前面),19、because of 因为,20、one bowl of 一碗... ,21 、find out 查出来/发现,22、g o on 继续,23、t ake photos 照相,24、s omething important 重要的事情,25、u p and down 上上下下,26、c ome up 出来二、习惯用法、搭配1. buy sth. for ab./ buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物2. taste + adj.尝起来...3. nothing….but + V.(原形)除了 ... 之外什么都没有4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起来5. arrive in + 大地方/ arrive at + 小地方到达某地6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事/ try to do sth. 尽力做某事8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事9. want to do sth. 想去做某事10. start doing sth. 开始做某事11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事12. look + adj 看起来13. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事14. Why not do sth. 为什么不做…… .呢?These visitors come from America.15. so + adj + that + 从句 如此 ....... 以至于 ... 16. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人(不要) 做某事 17. keep doing sth. 继续做某事18. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 / forget doing sth 忘记做过某事 三、重点句子1. Where did you go on vacation? 你去哪儿度假的?1)这是一个由疑问副词 where 引导的特殊疑问句。
Where 用来询问地点或场所,用于句首,其后跟一般疑问 句。
女口: Where are you from ? Where does he live ?2)go on vacation “去度假 ”He will go on vacation with his family. 他要和家人一起度假。
【解析】 vacation [v?'ke??n] n 假期 = holidayon vacation 在度假 take a vacation 去度假 winter vacation 寒假 summer vacation 暑假 ① I have a lot of _____________ every year . (vacati on)( ) ② — Where did Sarah go on vacation? — She went to America.A. on vacationB. take a vacationC. is on vacationD. is for vacation2、 Did you go with anyone? 你和别人一起去的吗?这是一个一般过去时的一般疑问句。
当含有实义动词的一般过去时的陈述句变为一般疑问句时,需借助助动 词did ,此时后面的实义动词应用原形。
其句型结构为“ did+主语+动词原形+其它? ”,肯定回答为“ Yes 主语+did ",否定回答为“ No,主语+didn t ” •基本用法⑴由some-, any-, no-, every-构成的符合不定代词作主语时,都作单数看待,其谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
(2)不定代词若有定语修饰,该定语要置于其后,作后置定语 如:I?d like something to drink. 我想要些喝的。
Is there anything interesting in the book? 这本书中有有趣的东西吗?小结: 【解析 1】someone [s?mw?n] pron 某人 anyone [eniw?n] pron 任何人 everyone [evriw?n] pron 每人,人 人 3. visited my uncle 看望了我的叔叔 visit 是及物动词,意为“拜访;探望” 示地点的名词。
a. I visited my grandmother last week.b. b.Do you want to visit Shanghai? 拓展: visitor 意为“参观者;游客”。
知识拓展 ---同类词 Some - any-no-指人 someone 有人anyone 任何人 anybodyno one 没有人 nobodyeverybody指物 something 某物 anything 任何事 nothing 没有事 指地点 somewhere 某地anywhere 任何地方nowhere 无处,没有地方、、.、、“注意:every- everyone 人人everything 一切事 everywhere 到处,后接表示人的名词或代词。
visit 还可以意为“参观;游览”,后接表上周我去 ______ 了我的外婆 你想 ______ 上海吗?pron. anyone 任何人,相当于 anybody ,通常用在否定句、疑问句或条件从句中 如: I won?t tell anyone I saw you here. 我不会告诉任何人我在这儿见过你。
Why would anyone want that job? 为什么会有人想要那份工作呢?3. buy anything special 买特别的东西。
(P2)1)buy 及物动词,意为“买;购买”。
其过去式为_________ 。
拓展:buy sth. for sb.=buy sb. sth. 意为“给某人买某物”。
My uncle ____________ _____ a bike.= My uncle ______ ____ for me.2) anything 不定代词,意为“某事;某件东西”,主要用于疑问句或否定句中。
a. Do you want to buy anything for me?b.I can?t say anything about it.3)a nthing special 表示“特别的东西”,形容词修饰不定代词时后置。
Is there _______ _______ in this book? 这本书里有新的内容吗?4.Oh, did you go anywhere interesting? 哦,你去有趣的地方了吗?(P2)1)本句是did 开头的一般疑问句2)anywhere 用作副词,意为“在任何地方”。
eg:Did you go anywhere during the summer vacation ?辨析:anywhere 与somewhere anywhere 意为“在任何地方”,常用于否定句和疑问句中。
eg:I can?t find it anywhere. somewhere 意为“在某处;到某处”,常用于肯定句中。
eg:I lost my key somewhere near here.5. We took quite a few photos there. 我们在那里拍了不少照片。
(P2)take photos 意为“照相;拍照”。
eg:We _________ _____ on the Great Wall. 我们在长城上照了相。
辨析:quite a few 与quite a littlequite a few 意为“很多; 不少”,修饰可数名词复数;quite a little 意为“很多;不少”,修饰不可数名词。
a. He stays here for ___ ____ ___ days.b. ___________ There is ___ water in the bottle(瓶子).6. I just stayed at home most of the time to read and relax. 我大部分时间只是待在家里读书休息。
(P2)most of the time 意为“大部分时间”,其中most 为代词,意为“大部分;大多数”拓展mostof…意为" .... 中的大多数",它作主语时,谓语动词取决于mostof后所修饰的名词。
a. Most of us __ (be)going to the park. 我们大多数人要去公园。
b. Most of the food ____ (go)bad. 大部分的食物都变质了。
7. Everything tasted really good! 所有的东西尝起来真的很好吃!(P3)taste 在此为系动词,意为“尝起来”,其后接形容词构成系表结构。
a. The food tastes really great. 食物尝起来棒极了。
8. Did everyone have a good time? 大家都玩得很开心吗?(P3)have a good time = enjoy oneself = have fun 玩得开心(+ doing)eg: We had a good time visiting the the Great Wall. = We enjoyed ourselves visiting the the Great Wall.= We had fun visiting the the Great Wall.9. How did you like it? 你觉得它怎么样?(P3)How do/did you like ............. ?意为"你觉得..... 怎么样?”,用来询问对方的观点或看法,相当What do you think of …… ?eg: How do you like your new job? = _______ ___ ____ ___ your new job?10. Did you go shopping? 你们去购物了吗?(P3)go shopping 意为“去购物;去买东西”,同义短语为do some shopping.eg: I usually go shopping on Sundays. 我通常星期天去购物。