地图投影中英文对照

地图制图学04.001理论地图学theoretical cartography04.002应用地图学applied cartography04.003数学地图学mathematical cartography04.004比较地图学comparative cartography04.005元地图学metacartography(一个探讨地图表现的抽象规律的学派用语。

) 04.006专题地图学thematic cartography04.007地图信息cartographic Information04.008地图传输cartographic communication04.009地图模型cartographic model04.010地图符号学cartographic semiology04.011地图分析cartographic analysis04.012地图评价cartographic evaluation04.013地图判读map Interpretation04.014地图更新map revision04.015地图制图map making，mapping04.016认知制图cognitive mapping(人脑收集、记录、存储和处理周围地理环境信息的能力和过程。

)04.017野外制图field mapping04.018城市制图urban mapping04.019地籍制图cadastral mapping04.020动画制图animated mapping04.021宇宙制图cosmic mapping04.022空间制图space mapping04.023地图分类(又称“制图分类”)cartographic classification04.024地理图geographical map04.025专用地图special use map04.026特种地图special map04.027军用地图military map04.028人文地图human map04.029政治地图political map04.030经济地图economic map04.031人口地图population map04.032历史地图historic map04.033古地图ancient man04.034文化地图cultural map04.035行政区划图administrative map04.036自然地图physical map04.037地势图hysometric map04.038地貌图geomorphological map04.039地貌形态示量图morphometric map04.040景观地图landscape map04.041环境地图environmental map04.042等值线地图isoline map04.043伪等值线地图pseudo-isoline map04.044等值区域图(又称“分区量值地图”)choroplethic map04.045分区密度地图dasymetric map04.046类型地图typal map04.047统计地图statistic map04.048区划地图regionalization map04.049分析地图analytical map04.050综合地图comprehensive map04.051合成地图synthetic map04.052派生地图derivative map04.053规划地图planning map04.054预报地图prognostic map04.055教学地图school map04.056现势地图up－to－date map04.057态势地图military posture map04.058旅游地图tollf1St th3p04.059定向运动地图orienteering map04.060心象地图(又称“意境地图”根据人记忆中有关地理环境的印象所描绘的地图。

GPS专业词汇中英文对照Acquisition Time:初始定位时间Active Leg: 激活航线Adapter: 转接器、拾音器、接合器Airborne: 空运的、空降的、机载的、通过无线电传播的Alkaline: 碱性的、碱性Almanac: 历书、概略星历Anti-Spoofing: 反电子欺骗Artwork: 工艺、工艺图、原图Atomic Clock:原子钟Auto-controlling:自动控制Avionics:航空电子工学;电子设备Azimuth:方位角、方位(从当前位置到目的地的方向)Beacon:信标Bearing:方向，方位(从当前位置到目的地的方向)Bug:故障、缺陷、干扰、雷达位置测定器、窃听器Built-in:内置的、嵌入的Cellular:单元的、格网的、蜂窝的、网眼的Cinderella:水晶鞋、灰姑娘CoarseAcquisitionCode(C/A):粗捕获码ColdStart:冷启动Connector:接头、插头、转接器Constellation:星座Control?Segment:控制部分Converter:转换器、交换器、换能器、变频管、变频器、转换反应堆Coordinate:坐标Co-pilot:飞机副驾驶Cost-effective:成本低，收效大的Course:路线、路程、航线CourseDeviationIndicator(CDI):航线偏航指示CourseMadeGood(CMG):从起点到当前位置的方位CourseOverGround(COG):对地航向CourseToSteer(CTS):到目的地的最佳行驶方向CrosstrackError(XTE/XTK):偏航De-emphasis:去矫、去加重Definition:清晰度Diagonal:对角线、斜的、对角线的Distinguishability:分辨率Droppingresistors:减压电阻器、将压电阻器Datum:基准DesiredTrack(DTK):期望航线(从起点到终点的路线) DifferentialGPS(DGPS):差分GPSDilutionofPrecision(DOP):精度衰减因子Elevation:海拔、标高、高度、仰角、垂直切面、正观图Enroute:在航线上、航线飞行Ephemeris:星历EstimatedPositionError(EPE):估计位置误差EstimatedTimeEnroute(ETE):估计在途时间(已当前速度计算) EstimatedTimeofArrival(ETA):估计到达时间Front-loadingdatacartridges:前载数据卡Geodesy:大地测量学GlobalPositioningSystem(GPS):全球定位系统GLONASS:俄国全球定位系统GOTO:从当前位置到另一航路点的航线GreenwichMeanTime:格林威治时间Grid:格网坐标Heading:航向Headphone:戴在头上的收话器、双耳式耳机Headsetamplifier:头戴式放大器High-contrast:高对比度Intercom:内部通信联络系统、联络用对讲电话装置Intersection:空域交界InterfaceOption(I/O):界面接口选项Initialization:初始化InvertRoute:航线反转Jack:插座、插孔Keypad:键盘、按键Kinematic:动态的L1Frequency:GPS信号频率之一(1575.42?MHz)L2Frequency:GPS信号频率之一(1227.6?MHz)Latitude:纬度、纬线Leg(route):航段，航线的一段LiquidCrystalDisplay(LCD):液晶显示器LocalAreaAugmentationSystem(LAAS):局域增强系统Localizer:定位器、定位发射机、定位信标Longitude:经度、经线LongRangeRadioDirectionFindingSystem(LORAN):罗兰导航系统MagneticNorth:磁北MagneticVariation:磁偏角MapDisplay:地图显示Meter:米Mount:安装、支架、装配、管脚、固定件MultiplexingReceiver:多路复用接收机Multipath:多路径NauticalMile:海里(1海里=1.852米).Navigation:导航NavigationMessage:导航电文NAVigationSatelliteTimingandRanging(NAVSTAR)GlobalPositioningSystem: GPS系统的全称NationalMarineElectronicsAssociation(NMEA)美国)国家航海电子协会NMEA?0183:GPS接收机和其他航海电子产品的导航数据输出格式North-UpDisplay:GPS屏幕显示真北向上Observatory:观象台、天文台Offset:偏移量Omnidirectional:全向的、无定向的Orientation:方位、方向、定位、倾向性、向东性Panel:仪表盘、面板Panel-mount:配电盘装配ParallelChannelReceiver:并行通道接收机P-Code码Photocell:光电管、光电池、光电元件Pinpoint:极精确的、准确定位、准确测定、针尖Pixel:象素Position:位置PositionFix:定位PositionFormat:位置格式Power-on:接通电源Pre-amplifier:前置放大器PrimeMeridian:本初子午线Pseudo-RandomNoiseCode:伪随机噪声码Pseudorange:伪距Rack:齿条、支架、座、导轨Resolution:分辨率Route:航线RS-232:数据通信串口协议RadioTechnicalCommissionforMaritimeServices(RTCM):航海无线电技术委员会，差分信号格式SelectiveAvailability(SA):选择可用性Sidetone:侧音Source:信号源、辐射体SpaceSegment:空间部分SpeedOverGround(SOG):对地航速Specifcation:详述、说明书、规格、规范、特性SplitComm:分瓣通信Squelch:静噪音、静噪电路、静噪抑制电路StatuteMile:英里(1英里=1,609米)StraightLineNavigation:直线导航Strobe:闸门、起滤波作用、选通脉冲、读取脉冲TracBack按航迹返航Track-UpDisplay航向向上显示Track(TRK):航向Transceiver:步话机、收发两用机Transponder:雷达应答机、（卫星通讯的）转发器、脉冲转发机Transducer:渔探用探头、传感器Triangulation:三角测量TrueNorth:真北Turn(TRN):现时航向和目的地之间的夹角Two-way:双向的、双路的、双通的UniversalTimeCoordinated(UTC):世界协调时间UniversalTransverseMercator(UTM):通用横轴墨卡托投影U.S.C.G.:美国海岸警卫队UserInterface:用户自定义界面UserSegment:用户部分VelocityMadeGood(VMG):沿计划航线上的航速Viewingangles:视角Waypoint:航路点WideAreaAugmentationSystem(WAAS):广域差分系统WorldGeodeticSystem1984(WGS-84):1984年世界大地坐标系Windshield:防风玻璃、防风罩Y-Code:加密的P码Yoke:架、座、轭、磁轭、磁头组、偏转线圈。

遥感及其相关术语中英文对照（不完全版）AA d d r e s s m a t c h i n g一种用来在两个使用地址的文件将进行关联的机制。

地理坐标和属性可以从一个地址转换成另一个。

举例来说,一个学生包含地址的文件可以映射到一个街道图层上,该图层包含了学生居住点的点图层的地址。

A D S弧段数字化系统。

一种数字化和编辑的简单系统,用来向图层上添加弧段和标签点。

A e r o p h o t o g r a p h航片A e r o p h o t o g r a p h i c a l S c a l e航空摄影比例尺A l l o c a t i o n在最大阻抗或资源容量范围内于网络终止拍到最近中心的弧段的过程。

A M/F M是英文A u t o m a t e d M a p p i n g/F a c i l i t i e s M a n a g e m e n t的缩写，是一种基于地理信息上的设备和生产技术管理的计算机图文交互系统，也是一种将图形技术与数据库管理技术相结合的计算机应用软件系统，采用A M/F M系统，能实现输配电网络系统的规划、建设、报装、调度、运行、检修和营业用电的计算机辅助管理，是目前在公共事业单位对分散设备（相对发电厂、钢厂等在地理上相对集中的集中设备而言）进行计算机辅助管理的先进、实用和理想的应用软件系统。

A M/F M系统是在地理信息系统（G I S）的基础上，根据设备工程管理的需要和生产技术管理的要求而开发的一种用于生产运行单位的新的信息管理系统，在很多场合也用A M/F M/G I S来代表A M/F M系统。

A n n o t a t i o n注释1.对图层特征物进行描述的文本，用来显示而不用于分析．2.在图层中用来标签其他特征物的一个特征类。

其信息包含一个字符串,字符串显示位置和文本特征信息(颜色,字体,大小等)。

又见T A T。

A N S I美国国家标准组织是一个全国性的标准化协调组织。

测绘专业英语词汇及名词解释测绘学：geomatics， surveying and mapping， SM；研究与地球有关的基础空间信息的采集、处理、显示、管理、利用的科学与技术。

中华人民共和国测绘法：Surveying and Mapping Law of the People's Republic of China；我国关于测绘的基本法律，是从事测绘活动和进行测绘管理的基本准则和基本依据。

测绘标准：standards of surveying and mapping；由主管部门颁发的关于测绘技术方法、产品质量、品种规格、地图表示等统一规定的技术文件。

测量规范：specifications of surveys；对测量产品的质量、规格以及测量作业中的技术事项所作的统一规定。

地形图图式：topographic map symbols；对地图上地物、地貌符号的样式、规格、颜色、使用以及地图注记和图廓整饰等所作的统一规定。

大地测量学：geodesy；研究和确定地球的形状、大小、重力场、整体与局部运动和地表面点的几何位置以及它们的变化的理论和技术的学科。

地球形状：earth， shape， figure of the earth；地球自然表面的形状或大地水准面的形状。

重力基准：gravity datum；重力的起算值和尺度因子。

重力场：gravity field；地球重力作用的空间。

在该空间中，每一点都有惟一的一个重力矢量与之相对应。

地心坐标系：geocentric coordinate system；以地球质心或几何中心为原点的坐标系。

地球椭球：earth ellipsoid；近似表示地球的形状和大小，并且其表面为等位面的旋转椭球。

大地原点：geodetic origin；大地坐标的起算点。

水准原点：leveling origin；高程起算的基准点。

测量标志：survey mark；标定地面测量控制点位置的标石、觇标以及其他用于测量的标记物的通称。

cad绘图中常用英语对照投影projection投影中心center of projection投影面projecting plane投影线projecting line中心投影法perspective projection平行投影法parallel projection斜投影oblique projection正投影orthographic projection正投影面frontal plane of projection侧面投影面profile plane of projection投影图projection drawing三面投影图three-plane projection drawing投影轴axis of projection投影特性characteristic of projection不变性characteristic of true积聚性characteristic of concentration类似性characteristic of similarity视图view三视图three-view drawing正面frontal plane正面投影frontal projection水平面horizontal plane水平投影horizontal projection侧面profile plane侧面投影profile projection主视图frontal view俯视图top view左视图left side view立体solid平面立体plane body曲面立体body of curved surface回转面surface of revolution棱柱prism棱锥pyramid边side顶点center vertex棱edge点point直线line straight line棱锥台truncated pyramidfrustum of pyramid重影coincidence of projection积聚concentrate变形deformation实长true length实形true shape正平线frontal line水平线horizontal line侧平线profile line一般位置直线oblique line铅垂线vertical line, frontal-profile line 正垂线horizontal--profile line侧垂线frontal-horizontal line一般位置平面oblique plane相交intersection平行parallel垂直perpendicular交线intersecting line, line of intersection 交点point of intersection平行线parallel line垂直线perpendicular line交叉线skew line长度length宽度width高度height组合体complex基本几何体basic body相接built-up相交inter section相切tangent相贯penetration支架brace底板bottom board肋rib支承板bearing plate轮廓线outline, contour line底图traced drawing截平面cutting plane截交线line of section二重性dual nature平面曲线plane curve圆弧arc椭圆ellipse长轴major axis短轴minor axis双曲线hyperbola抛物线parabola圆circle圆锥顶conic apex相贯体intersecting bodies相贯线line of intersection空间曲线space curve截平面方法cutting plane method辅助面auxiliary surface辅助平面auxiliary plane最高点culminating point尺寸Size定形尺寸size dimension定位尺寸location dimension左视图right view后视图rear view, back view仰视图bottom view辅助图auxiliary view局部视图partial view, broken view斜视图oblique view旋转视图revolved view, aligned view剖视图sectional view, section全剖视full section半剖视half section局部剖视图partial section, broken-out section 斜剖视图oblique section旋转剖视图aligned section阶梯剖视echelon section, offset section复合剖视compound section剖面图section, sectional view重合剖面coincide section, revolved section移出剖面removed section剖面线section line剖面符号symbols for section-lining习惯画法conventional drawing局部放大图drawing of partial enlargement零件图detail drawing, working drawing第三角投影third angle projection粗实线continuous thick line, full line, visible line 细实线continuous thin line虚线dot line, dashed line, hidden line点划线dash and dot line双点划线double dots line波浪线break line断裂线剖切平面迹线cutting plane line尺寸线dimension line尺寸界线extension tine尺寸dimension size箭头arrowhead基准datum基准线datum line基准面datum plane中心孔central hole中心距center distance轴shaft, axle孔hole斜孔inclination装配图assembly drawing性能尺寸characteristic dimension大小尺寸size dimension总体尺寸outer dimension外形尺寸配合尺寸fit dimension外圆角round尖角sharp corner倒角chamfer轮缘flange of wheel缘、边、环rim轴肩shoulder凸台boss凹坑concave pit轴颈shaft neck轮毂hub轮辐spoke, spoke of wheel 直纹滚花straight knurling s 网纹滚花hatching knurling 键槽key-way退刀槽escape拔模斜度pattern draft填料盒gland box油槽oil groove油封oil seal标准件standard parts螺纹thread外螺纹external thread内螺纹internal thread大径major diameter小径minor diameter螺距pitch of thread牙型form of thread旋向direction of turning右旋螺纹right-hand thread 左旋螺纹left-hand thread 头数number of thread导程lead粗牙coarse thread细牙fin thread螺栓bolt螺钉screw螺柱stud垫片washer公差tolerance公差带tolerance zone零线zero line标准公差standard tolerance公差等级tolerance grade基本偏差fundamental deviation配合fit间隙配合clearance fit过盈interference过盈配合interference fit过渡配合transition fit基孔制hole-basic system of fits基轴制shaft-basic system of fits间隙clearance形状公差tolerance in form, form tolerance直线度straightness平面度flatness圆度roundness圆柱度cylindricity线轮廓度profile of any line面轮廓度profile of any plane位置公差tolerance in position, position tolerances 平行度parallelism齿轮gear圆柱齿轮cylindrical gear正齿轮spur gear斜齿轮spiral gear轮齿gear tooth节圆pitch circle齿顶圆addendum circle, outside circle齿根圆root circle, addendum circle模数modulus齿数number of teeth齿高tooth height齿顶高height of addendum齿根高height of addendum齿厚circular thickness齿间tooth space齿宽tooth width压力角angle of pressure弹簧spring销pin圆柱销round pin圆锥销taper pin开口销cotter pin, split键key平键flat key半圆键half round key, woodruff key轴承bearing滚动轴承rolling bearing向心铀承radial bearing密封装置sealing equipment锁紧装置locking equipment粗糙度roughness基本尺寸basic size实际尺寸actual size极限尺寸limits size最大极限尺寸maximum limit of size最小极限尺寸minimum limit of size偏差deviation上偏差upper deviation下偏差lower deviation垂直度perpendicularity倾斜度angularity同轴度concentricity对称度symmetry位置度true position跳动run-out圆跳动cycle run-out全跳动total run-out轴测投影axonometric projection轴测投影面plane of axonometric projection 轴测图axonometric drawing正等轴测投影isometric projection正二测bimetric projection斜二测oblique bimetric projection轴测轴axonometric axis轴间角axis angle, angle between ales缩短foreshortened轴向缩短率coefficient of axial deformation ratio offore shortening for any axis切割法cutting method, by cutting方箱法boxing method坐标法coordinate method方框法enclosing-square method四心近似法four-center approximate metho。

Unit15 Map Projection(投影地图)Map projections are attempts to portray the surface of the Earth or a portion of the Earth on a flat surface . Some distortions of conformality , distance , direction , scale, and area always result from this process . Some projections minimize distortions in some of these properties at the expense of maximizing errors in others . So m e projections are attempts to only mode rately distort all of these properties . No projection can be simultaneously conformal and area-preserving .(地图投影是在平面上描绘地球或部分地球表面的投影。

保形、距离、方向、规模和地区总是有些扭曲，结果F 只读此过程。

一些预测最大限度地减少这些属性的扭曲，牺牲最大限度地在别人的错误。

所以我的预测是试图模式地歪曲一切这些属性。

没有投影可以同时保形和保面积。

)Conformality: When the scale of a map at any point on the map is the same in any direction, the projection is conformal . Meridians (lines of longitude) and parallels (lines of latitude) intersect at right angles . Shape is preserved locally on conformal maps .(协调：当规模的地图，在地图上的任何一点在任何方向上的投影是一样的，形。

cad绘图中常用英语对照投影projection投影中心center of projection投影面projecting plane投影线projecting line中心投影法perspective projection平行投影法parallel projection斜投影oblique projection正投影orthographic projection正投影面frontal plane of projection侧面投影面profile plane of projection投影图projection drawing三面投影图three-plane projection drawing投影轴axis of projection投影特性characteristic of projection不变性characteristic of true积聚性characteristic of concentration类似性characteristic of similarity视图view三视图three-view drawing正面frontal plane正面投影frontal projection水平面horizontal plane水平投影horizontal projection侧面profile plane侧面投影profile projection主视图frontal view俯视图top view左视图left side view立体solid平面立体plane body曲面立体body of curved surface回转面surface of revolution棱柱prism棱锥pyramid边side顶点center vertex棱edge点point直线line straight line棱锥台truncated pyramidfrustum of pyramid重影coincidence of projection积聚concentrate变形deformation实长true length实形true shape正平线frontal line水平线horizontal line侧平线profile line一般位置直线oblique line铅垂线vertical line, frontal-profile line 正垂线horizontal--profile line侧垂线frontal-horizontal line一般位置平面oblique plane相交intersection平行parallel垂直perpendicular交线intersecting line, line of intersection 交点point of intersection平行线parallel line垂直线perpendicular line交叉线skew line长度length宽度width高度height组合体complex基本几何体basic body相接built-up相交inter section相切tangent相贯penetration支架brace底板bottom board肋rib支承板bearing plate轮廓线outline, contour line底图traced drawing截平面cutting plane截交线line of section二重性dual nature平面曲线plane curve圆弧arc椭圆ellipse长轴major axis短轴minor axis双曲线hyperbola抛物线parabola圆circle圆锥顶conic apex相贯体intersecting bodies相贯线line of intersection空间曲线space curve截平面方法cutting plane method辅助面auxiliary surface辅助平面auxiliary plane最高点culminating point尺寸Size定形尺寸size dimension定位尺寸location dimension左视图right view后视图rear view, back view仰视图bottom view辅助图auxiliary view局部视图partial view, broken view斜视图oblique view旋转视图revolved view, aligned view剖视图sectional view, section全剖视full section半剖视half section局部剖视图partial section, broken-out section 斜剖视图oblique section旋转剖视图aligned section阶梯剖视echelon section, offset section复合剖视compound section剖面图section, sectional view重合剖面coincide section, revolved section移出剖面removed section剖面线section line剖面符号symbols for section-lining习惯画法conventional drawing局部放大图drawing of partial enlargement零件图detail drawing, working drawing第三角投影third angle projection粗实线continuous thick line, full line, visible line 细实线continuous thin line虚线dot line, dashed line, hidden line点划线dash and dot line双点划线double dots line波浪线break line断裂线剖切平面迹线cutting plane line尺寸线dimension line尺寸界线extension tine尺寸dimension size箭头arrowhead基准datum基准线datum line基准面datum plane中心孔central hole中心距center distance轴shaft, axle孔hole斜孔inclination装配图assembly drawing性能尺寸characteristic dimension大小尺寸size dimension总体尺寸outer dimension外形尺寸配合尺寸fit dimension外圆角round尖角sharp corner倒角chamfer轮缘flange of wheel缘、边、环rim轴肩shoulder凸台boss凹坑concave pit轴颈shaft neck轮毂hub轮辐spoke, spoke of wheel 直纹滚花straight knurling s 网纹滚花hatching knurling 键槽key-way退刀槽escape拔模斜度pattern draft填料盒gland box油槽oil groove油封oil seal标准件standard parts螺纹thread外螺纹external thread内螺纹internal thread大径major diameter小径minor diameter螺距pitch of thread牙型form of thread旋向direction of turning右旋螺纹right-hand thread 左旋螺纹left-hand thread 头数number of thread导程lead粗牙coarse thread细牙fin thread螺栓bolt螺钉screw螺柱stud垫片washer公差tolerance公差带tolerance zone零线zero line标准公差standard tolerance公差等级tolerance grade基本偏差fundamental deviation配合fit间隙配合clearance fit过盈interference过盈配合interference fit过渡配合transition fit基孔制hole-basic system of fits基轴制shaft-basic system of fits间隙clearance形状公差tolerance in form, form tolerance直线度straightness平面度flatness圆度roundness圆柱度cylindricity线轮廓度profile of any line面轮廓度profile of any plane位置公差tolerance in position, position tolerances 平行度parallelism齿轮gear圆柱齿轮cylindrical gear正齿轮spur gear斜齿轮spiral gear轮齿gear tooth节圆pitch circle齿顶圆addendum circle, outside circle齿根圆root circle, addendum circle模数modulus齿数number of teeth齿高tooth height齿顶高height of addendum齿根高height of addendum齿厚circular thickness齿间tooth space齿宽tooth width压力角angle of pressure弹簧spring销pin圆柱销round pin圆锥销taper pin开口销cotter pin, split键key平键flat key半圆键half round key, woodruff key轴承bearing滚动轴承rolling bearing向心铀承radial bearing密封装置sealing equipment锁紧装置locking equipment粗糙度roughness基本尺寸basic size实际尺寸actual size极限尺寸limits size最大极限尺寸maximum limit of size最小极限尺寸minimum limit of size偏差deviation上偏差upper deviation下偏差lower deviation垂直度perpendicularity倾斜度angularity同轴度concentricity对称度symmetry位置度true position跳动run-out圆跳动cycle run-out全跳动total run-out轴测投影axonometric projection轴测投影面plane of axonometric projection 轴测图axonometric drawing正等轴测投影isometric projection正二测bimetric projection斜二测oblique bimetric projection轴测轴axonometric axis轴间角axis angle, angle between ales缩短foreshortened轴向缩短率coefficient of axial deformation ratio offore shortening for any axis切割法cutting method, by cutting方箱法boxing method坐标法coordinate method方框法enclosing-square method四心近似法four-center approximate metho。

基础地理信息术语（中英文对照）absolute reference frame绝对参考坐标系adjacency analysis相邻分析adjoining sheets邻接图幅agglomeration（制图分类中的）聚合方法aggregation聚合；聚集altitude tinting分层设色animated mapping动画制图animation动画application program应用程序Application ProgrammingInterface(API)应用程序界面applications package应用软件包Applications ProgramInterface应用程序接口applications system应用系统applied cartography应用地图学auto-cartography自动制图automated cartography自动制图学automated data dictionary自动数据字典automated data processing自动数据处理Automated DigitizingSystem(ADS)自动数字化系统automated featurerecognition自动特征识别azimuth coordinate system方位坐标系base map of topography地形底图base map/cadastre底图／地籍图Beijing geodetic coordinatesystem 1954１９５４年北京坐标系block数据块；信息组；程序块block correction区域改正border边缘；界限；边界线；邻接；图廓间border figure图廓数据border information图廓注记border line图廓线border matching边缘匹配B-splineB-tree二叉树；二元树cadaster地政局；地籍图cadastral attribute地籍特征cadastral data base地籍数据库cadastral features地籍特征cadastral information地籍信息cadastral informationsystem地籍信息系统cadastral inventory地籍调查cadastral layer地籍信息层cadastral lists地籍册cadastral management地籍管理cadastral map地籍图cadastral map series地籍图册cadastral mapping地籍制图cadastral survey地籍测量 carrier frequency(GPS)载波频率（全球定位系统）cartographic analysis地图分析cartographic classification地图分类cartographic communication地图传输cartographic data base地图数据层cartographic data base management system地图数据库管理系统cartographic data model地图数据模型cartographic expert system制图专家系统cartographic generalization制图综合cartographic projection地图投影cartographic(al) analysis地图分析cartography地图制图学；地图学chorographic map时序图choropleth map等值区域图class分类，分级class interval分级间距；分类间距class list分类清单classification rule分类规则cluster聚类分析compaction压缩completeness完整性computer-graphicstechnology计算机图形技术congruent image叠合图象contour等高线，等值线，轮廓contouring display分层显示coverage［GIS］图层cover-ID层标识符data数据data access security数据存取安全性data accessibility数据可达性data acquisition数据获取data analysis数据分析data architecture数据结构data base；database数据库data capture数据采集data catalogue数据目录data communications数据通信data conversion数据转换data definition数据定义data editing数据编辑data element数据要素data encoding数据编码data entry数据输入Data Exchange Format数据交换格式data extraction数据提取data file数据文件data handling数据处理data item数据项data layering数据分层data manipulation数据操作data model数据模型data product数据产品data quality数据质量data quality数据质量data reality数据真实性data records数据记录data reduction数据整理data reduction；datacompression数据压缩data redundancy数据冗余度data representation数据表示data retrieval数据查询data schema数据模式data security数据安全性data sensitivity数据灵敏性data set数据集data set quality数据集质量data smoothing数据平滑data snooping数据探测法data sources数据源data storage数据贮存data structure数据结构data structure conversion数据结构转换data transfer数据传输data transmission数据传输data type数据类型data updating数据更新data vectorization数据矢量化datum transformation基准变换descriptive data描述数据desktop GIS桌面地理信息系统differential GlobalPositioning System；DGPS差分全球定位系统digigtizing cursor数字化鼠标digital数字的digital cartography数字地图制图digital correlation数字相关digital data数据；数字资料digital data collection数字数据存贮系统Digital Data CommunicationMessage Protocol数字化数据通讯消息协议Digital Data System数字化数据系统Digital ElevationMatrix(DEM)数字高程矩阵digital encoding数字编码digital exchange format数据转换标准Digital Field Update System数字化外业更新系统digital filessynchronization数字化文件同步化Digital GeographicInformation数字化地理信息交换标准digital image数字影（图）象digital image processing数字图象处理Digital Landscape Model数字景观模型Digital Line Graph；DLG数字线划图digital map数字地图digital map registration数字地图套合digital mapping数字测图digital mosaic数字镶嵌digital mosaicing数字镶嵌digital number；DN数字值digital orthoimage数字正射影象digital orthoimagery数字正射影象digital orthophoto数字正射影象Digital Orthophotoquads；DOQ数字正方形正射象片图digital photogrammetry数字摄影测量digital process数字化过程digital rectification数字纠正digital simulation数字模拟digital surface model；DSM数字表面模型digital tablet数字化板Digital Terrain Model；DTM数字地面模型Digital to Analog Converter数／模转换器digital tracing table数控绘图桌digital value数字化值digital voice数字化声音digital-analog数字模拟digitalyzer模数转换器digitization数字化digitize maps数字化地图digitized data数字化数据digitized file数字化文件digitized image数字化影象digitized terrain data数字化地面数据digitized video数字影（图）象digitizer数字化仪digitizer accuracy数字化仪精度digitizer resolution数字化仪分辨率digitizer workstation数字化工作站digitizing数字化digitizing board数字化板digitizing edit数字化编辑digitizing table；tablet数字化板digitizing threshold数字化阀值digraph有向图disk磁盘disk space磁盘空间disk storage磁盘存储diskette软磁盘distributed architecture分布式体系结构Distributed ComputingEnvironment分布式计算环境Distributed Data Processing分布式数据处理Distributed Database ；DDB分布式数据库Distributed DatabaseManagement System,DDBMS分布式数据管理系统distributed processing分布式处理Distributed Relational分布式关系数据库结构districe coding地区编码districting分区（空间聚合）disturbed orbit卫星轨道升交点document file文档文件Document ImagePeocessing(DIP)文件影象处理document window文档窗口document/page reader光符识别仪器documentation drawing二维绘图document-file icon文档文件图标download文件（程序）传输（从中心机到个人微机）downloadable font可传输字符draft草图；草案drafting绘制；绘图；草拟drafting scale绘图比例尺drainage水系；水文要素；排水设备drainage map水系图；流域图drainage pattern水系类型；水网类型drape两维数据在表面叠加产生透视图draping两维数据叠加在透视图上drawing绘图drawing board绘图板drawing entities绘图实体Drawing Exchange Format图形交换格式drawing extents绘图范围drawing file绘图文件drawing grid绘图格网drawing interchange format绘图交换格式drawing limits绘图限制drawing registration绘图对齐；绘图定位drawing sizes图面大小；图幅尺寸drawing unit绘图单元drum plotter滚筒式绘图机drum scanner滚筒式扫描机duobinary coding双二进制编码DX 90水文地理数据格式dynamic-Link Library,DLL动态链接库earth gravity model地球重利模型Earth Resources InformationSystem；ERIS地球资源信息系统earth satellite thematicsensing地球卫星专题遥感earth shape；figure of theearth地球形状Earth spheroid地球椭球体Earth spherop地球椭球面earth surface地球表面earth synchronous orbit地球同步轨道earth window地球数据窗口Earth-centered ellipsoid地心椭球Earth-fixed coordinatesystem站心坐标系EarthResource TechnologySatellite地球资源技术卫星Earthwatch地球监视卫星Eclogically SustainableDevelopment生态平衡的持续发展ecosystem生态系统edge join边缘匹配edge matching边缘匹配edge of the format；mapborder图廓edit编辑；修改edit verification编辑核实edit/display on input输入编辑/显示edit/display on output输出编辑/显示editing编辑effective radius of theEarth地球有效半径eigenvector特征向量eigenvector analysis特征向量分析EIS process环境影响评价过程Electric Chart and Display电子图形显示信息系统electric mail；e-mail电子邮件electronic bearing电测方位electronic chart电子海图electronic chart database；ECDB电子海图数据库Electronic Data Collection电子数据集合Electronic Data Interchange(EDI)电子数据交换Electronic DataInterchange；EDI电子数据交换electronic drawing tablet电子绘图板electronic engraver电子刻图机electronic imaging system电子成像系统electronic line scanner电子扫描机electronic map电子地图electronic publishingsystem电子印刷系统Embedded QUEL内嵌式查询embedded SQL镶嵌式查询语言emergency run地图翻印encipher；encode；encoding编码enclosing rectangle(最小)封闭四边形encoding code model编码模型encoding scheme编码方法End Of Line文件结束标志End Of Text行结束标志end points文本结束标志end user终端用户end user participation终端用户参与Enhanced graphicsAdapter(EGA)增强图形适配器enhanced imagery增强图象enhanced mode增强模式entity实体entity实体,组织,结构entity classes实体类entity classes实体分类entity instance实体样品entity object实体对象entity point实体定位点entity relationship datamodel实体关系数据模型entity relationshipdiagram；ERD实体关系图Entity Relationship Model；E-R Model实体关系模型entity set实体集entity set model实体集模型entity subtype/supertype实体子类型/母类型entity type实体类型Entity-RelationshipApproach E-R法entropy熵(平均信息量)entropy coding熵编码ent-to-end data system终端站间数据系统environmental analysis环境分析environmental assessment环境评价environmental cadastre环境地籍图environmental capacity环境容量environmental data base环境数据库environmentaldata/information环境数据/信息environmental map环境地图environmental mapping data环境制图数据environmental overlays环境图environmental planning环境规划environmental qualityassessment环境质量评价environmental remotesensing环境遥感equation item方程项E-R diagram E-R图EROS地球资源观测系统European TransferFormat(ETF)欧洲传输格式executable file执行文件execution执行(程序指令)extended color扩展彩色Extended GraphicsAdapter(EGA)增强图形适配卡Extended Graphics Array扩展图形矩阵Extensional Database扩展数据库external attribute table外部属性表external data storage外部数据存储(相对于数据库) external database file外部数据库文件external margin外图廓external polygon外部多边形external program外部程序external schema外部模式external storage外部存储设备facilities设施；装备facility data设施数据facility instrument设施设备facility map设施图facility network设施网络facility splice设施接合fast Fourier transform快速傅立叶变换feature特征Feature and AttributeCoding Catalogue地物与属性编码目录feature attribute table特征属性表feature bounded边界标识地物feature class特征分类feature codes特征码feature codes menu特征码清单feature coding特征编码feature extraction特征提取feature ID特征标识符feature identifier特征标识符feature instance特征实例feature item特征项feature marked有标记特征feature number特征标识符feature selection特征选择feature separation特征分类feature spanned跨区特征feature supported支持特征feature user-ID特征用户标识码Federal InformationProcessing联邦信息处理标准Federal InformationProcessing Standards/联邦信息处理标准／空间数据转换标准field［数据］域file［计算机］文件file activity文件活动file attribute文件属性file compression文件压缩file format文件格式file fragmentation文件分段存储file indexing文件管理索引file integrity文件完整性file name文件名file name extension文件扩展名file protection文件保护file server文件服务器file server protocol文件服务器协议file set文件集file specification文件说明；文件说明表file structure文件结构file system文件系统file transfer文件转换File Transfer Protocol文件传输协议file-by-file compression文件压缩filename extension文件后缀名fill pattern填充模式fixed length record format定长记录格式flag标志；特征flair point识别点；明显地物点flap叠置floppy disk；floppy软盘form line地表形态线format格式format conversion格式转换format line格式行format model格式模型formatted model格式化模型formatting格式化formatting function格式化函数；格式编排formfeed换页；格式馈给forms interface格式界面forms processing表格处理fractal分数的；分形；分数维fractional map scale分数地图比例尺fractional scale分数比例尺frequency band频段；频带frequency bias频偏frequency curve频率曲线frequency demodulation鉴频frequency distribution频率分布full-resolution picture全精度影（图）象，高分辨率影（图）象fully concatenated key全连串码fully digital mapping全数字化制图function library功能库functional data base功能数据库functional mapping功能制图functional structure功能结构fuzzy模糊的；失真的fuzzy analysis模糊分析fuzzy classifier method模糊分类法fuzzy C-means模糊聚类法fuzzy distance模糊距离fuzzy intersection concept模糊交叉概念fuzzy tolerance模糊容限Gauss plane coordinate高斯平面坐标Gaussian coordinate高斯坐标Gauss-Kruger coordinate高斯－克吕格坐标Gauss-Kruger grid高斯－克吕格格网Gauss-Kruger map projection高斯－克吕格地图投影gazetteer地名录general scale基本比例尺generic term地理通名Geo Based InformationSystem基于地学的信息系统geo-analysis地理分析geobase地区库geobase system地区系统geobased information system地区信息系统geobotanical cartography地植物学制图geocartography地理制图geocode地理编码geocoded virtual map地理编码虚拟图geocodes地理编码geocoding地理编码geocoding system地理编码系统geo-defined unit地理定义单元geo-distribution地理分布Geographer's Line地理坐标网geographic地理的；地理学的geographic aggregation地理聚合geographic analysis地理分析Geographic Analysis andDisplay System(GADS)地理分析显示系统Geographic AnalysisPackage(GAP)地理分析软件geographicanalysis/modelingcapability地理分析／模拟能力geographic area boundaries地理面积边界Geographic Area CodeIndex(GACI)地理面积编码索引Geographic Base File(GBF)地理基础文件Geographic Base File/Dual地理底图基础文件／双重独立地图编码Geographic Base InformationSystem(GBIS)地理基础信息系统Geographic Base System(GBS)地理基础系统geographic boundaries地理边界geographic boundary data地理边界数据geographic calibration地理标准geographic classification地理分类geographic codes地理坐标码geographic coding地理编码geographic coordinate地理坐标geographic coordinates地理坐标geographic coverage地理层geographic data地理数据geographic data base地理数据库geographic data set地理数据集geographic data structure地理数据结构Geographic Database地理数据库geographic display system地理显示系统geographic entity地理实体geographic feature地理特征geographic feature data地理特征数据geographic graticule地理坐标网geographic grid地理网格geographic identifiers地理标识符geographic indexed file地理索引文件geographic indexes地理索引geographic information system地理信息系统geographic inverse地理位置反算geographic landscape地理景观geographic latitude地理纬度geographic location地理位置geographic longitude地理经度geographic meridian地理子午线geographic modeling地理模拟geographic name地理名称geographic net地理坐标格网geographic numbering system地理编号系统geographic object地理对象geographic pole地极geographic position地理位置geographic reference地理参考geographic reference system地理参考系统geographic referencing地理参考过程geographic standardization地理标准化geographic survey地理测量geographic value地理坐标值geographical地理的geographical coordinate地理坐标geographical data base地理数据库geographical general name地理通名geographical map地理图geographical name index地名索引geographical name；placename地名geographical network地理格网geographical pole地极geographical position地理位置geographical referencesystem地理坐标参考系geographical viewingdistance地理视距geographical zones地理带geographical-explorationtraverse地理勘测路线geographics limits细线；内图廓线geography地理学Geomatics（加拿大）地球信息学geometric rectification几何校正geometric registration几何配准geomorphic map地貌类型图geomorphological map地貌图geomorphological mapping地貌制图geomorphology地貌学geo-politic data base行政区划数据库geoprocessing application地理处理应用geoprocessing approach地理处理方法geoprocessing functions地理处理函数geoprocessing modeling 地理处理模拟geoprocessing operations地理处理操作geoprocessing productivity地理处理率geoprocessing system地理处理系统geoprocessing virtual mapsystem地理处理虚拟图系统Geoprocessing(GP)地理处理过程geoprocessor地理处理器GEOREF世界地理坐标参考系GEOREF coordinate system世界地理坐标参考系GEOREF grid世界地理坐标参考网格georeference 地理坐标参考georeference system地理坐标参考系georeferenced 地理坐标参考的geo-referenced informationsystem地理参考信息系统georeferencing地理坐标参考过程georelational model地理相关模型geosphere地理圈geostatistics地理统计GIS/LIS地理信息系统／土地信息系统global全球的Global EnvironmentalMonitoring System(UNEP)全球环境监测系统（联合国环境项目）global land informationsystem(GLIS)全球土地信息系统global positioning全球定位Global PositioningSystem(GPS)全球定位系统global rediation总辐射global satellite system全球卫星系统Global TelecommunicationsSystem全球远程通讯系统gopographic landform地形graph图；图形graphic图形的；图示的graphic compose图形合成graphic data base图形数据库graphic data base file图形数据库文件graphic data concept图形数据概念graphic illustration图解说明；图解例证graphic input procedure图形输入法graphic input unit图形输入设备Graphic Interchange Format图形交换格式graphic interpolation图解内插法graphic limits图形边界graphic manipulation图形维护graphic map features图示地图特征graphic map manipulation图示地图操作graphic map scale图解地图比例尺graphic mapping controlpoint图解图根点graphic menu图示菜单graphic modes图示模式graphic object图形对象graphic output unit图形输出设备graphic overlay图形叠加graphic plane图示面graphic presentation图形显示graphic primitive图形元素graphic product图形产品graphic production图形生成graphic rectification图形校正graphic representation图形表示graphic scale图解比例尺graphic sign图形记号graphic superimposition图形叠加graphic symbol图形符号graphic symbols/symbology图形符号／符号表示graphic system components图形系统组成graphic tablet图形数字化板graphic terminal图形终端graphic text string图形文本串graphic trace图形跟踪graphic variable图形变量graphical screen interface图形屏幕界面graphical userinterface(GUI)图形用户界面graphics图形graphics accelerator图形加速卡graphics cursor图形光标graphics display units图形显示单元graphics inquiry图形查询graphics languages图形语言graphics mode图形模式graphics page图形页Graphics PerformanceCharacterization(GPC)图形工作特性graphics resolution图形分辨率graphics screen图形屏幕界面graphics software图形软件graphics tablet图形数字化板graticule格网graticule十字丝；地理坐标网grating光栅grid格网grid栅格，格网；坐标网grid amplitude格网幅度grid azimuth坐标方位角grid bearing坐标方位角grid cell格网元素；网眼grid cell compositing网眼组成grid cell data网眼数据结构grid cell data structure网眼数据结构grid cell lattice三维网眼格数据结构grid cell map网眼地图grid cell map-record format网眼地图记录格式grid cell modeling网眼模拟grid cell search网眼搜寻grid convergence坐标纵线收敛角grid coordinate system格网坐标系grid coordinates格网坐标系grid data格网数据grid declination格网真北偏角grid equator格网赤道grid factor格网因子grid format格网格式grid interval网格间距grid inverse网格反算grid length坐标网距grid lines/codes格网线／码grid magnetic angle格网磁偏角grid map格网地图grid meridian坐标网纵线grid method格网法grid of neighboring zone邻带方里网grid origin坐标格网原点grid structure网格结构grid system格网系统grid tick格网标记grid variation格网磁偏角grid zone坐标带grid/raster data格网／栅格数据gridded data格网数据gridiron layout格网平面图gridiron pattern格网图形grid-point method网点板法gridsystem直角坐标格网grips数据转换程序halftone screen半色调屏幕header标题header file头文件header label头标header line标题行header record首记录hextree分级图象数据模型hidden attribute隐含属性hidden file隐含文件hidden line removal隐线消除hidden surfaces隐面hidden variable隐含变量hierarchical分级的；层次的hierarchical data分级数据hierarchical data base分级数据库hierarchical data model层次数据模型hierarchical data structure 分级数据结构hierarchical database分层数据库hierarchical districts层次分区hierarchical file structure分级文件结构hierarchical file system分级文件系统hierarchical model分级模型hierarchical organization等级结构hierarchical relationship分级关系式（数据文件结构）hierarchical sequence层次序列hierarchical spatialrelationship分级空间关系hierarchical storage分级存储hierarchical structure分级结构hierarchization分级High Level Data LinkControl高级数据连接控制High Memory Area高位地址内存区histogram直方图；柱状图；频率图history命令记录Huffman code霍夫编码hull TIN表面Human Computer Interaction人机交互Human Computer Interface人机界面hypertext电子文本；超级文本I channel同相信道；I通路I notation parameter整数记号参数I/O addresses输入／输出地址I/O CharacterRecognition(I/O CR)输入／输出字符识别I/O error输入／输出错误I/O port输入／输出端口I-beam I指针image象，象片；影象，图象；镜象图形image coding图象编码image compression影（图）象压缩image contrast影象反差image coordinate影象坐标image correlation影象相关image data影（图）象数据image data base影象数据库image data collection图象数据收集image data compaction图象数据压缩image data retrieval图象数据检索image data storage图象数据存储image definition影象清晰度（分辨力）image degradation影（图）象退化；影（图）象衰减image description影象描绘image digitization图象数字化image displacement影象位移image distortion影（图）象失真image integrator图象综合image intensifier影（图）象增强器；变象管；象亮化器image intensity图象强度image interpretation影象判读image magnification影（图）象放大image matching影象匹配image processing图象处理校正复原image processingrectification图象处理校正复原image ray象点投影线image recognition影（图）象识别image reconstruction影（图）象重建image reconstructor影象再现装置image registration图象配准image representation影（图）象显示；影（图）象再现image resolution；groundresolution影象分辨力image scale影象比例尺image size影（图）象尺寸；影（图）象范围image space象空间image space coordinatesystem象空间坐标系image stack影（图）象栈image transform影（图）象变换image transformation图象变换image translator影（图）象转换器image；imagery影象imagery feature影象特征index指标；指数；索引index to Names地名索引indexed索引化的indexed sequential file顺序索引文件indexing索引；加下标；变址informatics信息学information area信息区information bit信息位information center信息中心information collection信息采集information content信息量information explosion信息爆炸information extraction信息提取information float信息浮动information format信息格式information management信息管理information network信息网information overlays信息叠加information rate信息传输速率Information requirement(IR)请求信息information revolution信息革命information science信息科学information system信息系统information technology(IT)信息技术information theory信息论information window信息窗口infowmation信息input输入input area输入区input data输入数据input device输入设备input image(inimage)输入影（图）象input/outpu model输入／输出模型input/output analysis输入／输出分析Input/Output(I/O)输入／输出inquiry查询insert插入；嵌入integrated data base集成数据库integrated data layer集成数据层Integrated GeographicalInformation System集成化地理信息系统integrated GIS/technologies综合地理信息系统／技术integrated informationsystem综合信息系统integrated spatial system综合空间信息系统integrated system综合系统interactive交互式interactive digitizing人机交互数字化interactive display人机交互显示interactive drafting交互式绘图interactive editing交互式编辑interactive graphics交互式制图Interactive Graphics andRetrieval System交互图形与恢复系统Interactive Graphics DesignSystem交互式图形设计系统Interactive GraphicsSystem/Interactive交互式制图系统／交互式制图子系统interactive imageprocessing system人机对话影（图）象处理系统interactive mode交互式模式Interactive Multimedia交互式多媒体interactive processing人机交互处理interactive processing交互式处理interactive processing mode人机交互模式interactive restoration人机对话复原Interactive SurfaceModeling交互式地表建摸interactive topology交互式拓扑。