非谓语动词之分词
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第十六讲:非谓语动词——分词教学重点:掌握分词这一语法知识。
了解这一语法知识在高考中的应用。
命题趋势:分词的考点依次为作状语,作定语,做宾补及表语。
一些固定的基本知识应记牢。
知识点回顾:1.分词的基本概念:分词也是非谓语动词之一。
分词在形式上有两种形式:(1)现在分词,动词原形+ ing(同动名词形式)(2)过去分词,(规则动词)动词原形+ ed(不规则动词)构成没有什么规律4.分词的用法(1)分词做表语①跟在系动词之后分词做表语,一般跟在be, get, become, look, sound, feel, keep, remain, grow, seem, appear等系动词后面。
现在分词做表语:一般表主动或主语的性质和特征。
含有“令人….”的意思。
主语多数为物。
过去分词做表语:一般表示被动或主语所处的状态。
含有“感到….”的意思。
主语多数情况是人。
例如:The news sounds encouraging.His father seems pleased with his results.②做表语的过去分词与被动语态中的过去分词的区别被动语态表示主语受到的动作表示主语的动作,而作表语的分词表示主语所处的状态。
The blackboard was broken by LiMing.The blackboard is broken.③作表语的现在分词和进行时态的现在分词的区别作表语的现在分词表示主语的特征和性质。
The situation in our country is encouraging.进行时态中的分词表示主语正在进行的动作。
The situation in our country is encouraging the people.另外,在分词作表语的结构中,可以用其它系动词来代替be,但在进行结构中,则不可以。
因为进行时的句型必须是be + doing。
The news is surprising. = The news sounds surprising.④分词、动名词和不定式作表语的区别分词作表语:主要是表示主语的特点和所处的状态主语和表语的位置不可以互换。
非谓语动词(一):分词分词是"非谓语动词"的一重要组成部分,分为:现在分词(v-ing)和过去分词(v-ed)。
它兼具动词、形容词和副词的性质,在句中可以作定语、表语、状语和补足语。
1.分词作定语和表语现在分词和过去分词作定语和表语的区别主要在于:现在分词表示主动或正在进行的动作,过去分词表示被动或完成的动作;现在分词表示主语的特征,常用于事物,过去分词表示主语的状态,常用于人。
例如:China is a developing country.中国是一个发展中国家。
America is a developed country.美国是一个发达国家。
The game sounds interesting.这游戏听起来有趣。
I'm interested in the game.我对这个游戏感兴趣。
另外,分词作定语还有"being + 过去分词"的形式。
这种表达形式的意义是"分词动作正在进行;但分词动作与其所修饰的词之间是动宾关系" 。
例如:The cloverleaf intersection being built is designed by a young man .那座正在兴建的立交桥是一位年轻人设计的。
【翻译】1. The designers decided to ___________________________________.(设计者决定改变所用的材料。
)2. We must keep a secret of the things _________________________ here.(我们须对正在讨论的问题保密。
)3. Charlie, ________________________________, decided to return to London.(在巴黎呆过多年,查理决定重返伦敦。
)2.分词作状语分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步和方式等情况,一般放在句首和句尾,由逗号分开。
英语语法总结:非谓语动词之分词1.分词的性质:具有形容词性质,可以在句中担任表语、定语、宾补、状语,现在分词表示主动,且动作在进行:过去分词表示被动,或动作已完成。
2.分词的形式:例:write (vt) rise (vi)主动语态被动语态主动过去分词时态现在时writing beingwritten rising risen完成时having written having beenwritten having risen3.用法:(1)定语分词置于被修饰名词前分词短语于置于被修饰名词后a sleeping baby = a baby who is sleepinga running dog = a dog which is runninga broken glass = a glass which is brokena beaten team = a team which is beaten(beaten 是被打败的意思)(2)表语:The book is interesting.He is interested in the book.The news is exciting.He feels excited.(3)宾语补足语:When I woke up, I found my mother sitting besideme.I'd like to have this package weighed.掌握精髓:动词不定式作宾语表示动作的全过程,而现在分词作宾补表示动作正在进行;过去分词表示被动概念。
(4)状语:(以下例句值得一背!)①If you turn to the left, you'll find the station.→Turning to the left, you'll find the station.②As I didn't receive her letter, I called her up by telephone.→Not receiving her letter, I called her up by telephone.③While I was walking to school yesterday morning, I met a friend.→Walking to school yesterday morning, I met a friend.④When she was asked it she had any bad habit, she answered that she was a heavy smoker.→Asked if she had any bad habit, she answered that she was a heavy smoker.你知道吗?注意:在运用此类句型时主语前后要保持一致。
高中英语语法知识:非谓语动词之分词高中英语语法知识:非谓语动词之分词前言:分词是什么在英语中分词的名词是Participle, 意为参与,或称为一部分。
这个词汇源于法语单词participe,和拉丁语单词participium,主要用于语法格指分词。
在维基百科上的解释是这样的:A participle is a form of a verb that is used in a sentence to modify a noun, noun phrase, verb or verb phrase, and thus plays a role similar to that of an adjective or adverb(some languages have distinct forms for adverbial participles and adjectival participles). 主要的作用是:动词的一种形式;修饰名词、名词短语、动词和动词短语;起形容词和单词的作用。
分词分为现在分词和过去分词,作为非谓语动词的一种表现形式,以-ing/-ed/-d/-t/-en/-n结尾的动词化的形容词,在具有形容词功能的同时,还表现出了动词该有的一些特征,比如时态、语态、起状语修饰功能、可以及物等功能。
1,分词的时态和语态现在分词的一般式表示与谓语动词的动作同时发生;现在分词的完成时表示其动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。
主动式表示逻辑主语是现在分词的动作的执行者;被动式表示逻辑主语是现在分词的动作的承受者。
例句:Walking down the main street of the town, he hears someone calling him. 在市镇主街上走着时,他听到有人叫他。
Having studied hard all day, I went to bed very early.努力学习了一天,我很早就睡觉了。
非谓语动词——分词第十六讲:非谓语动词——分词教学重点:本节课的教学重点是掌握分词这一语法知识,并了解这一语法知识在高考中的应用。
命题趋势:分词的考点主要有四个:作状语、作定语、做宾补及表语。
考生需要掌握固定的基本知识。
知识点回顾:1.分词的基本概念:分词是非谓语动词之一,形式上有两种形式:现在分词和过去分词。
现在分词的形式是动词原形+ing,过去分词的形式有规则动词的动词原形+ed和不规则动词的构成没有规律。
2.分词时态语态一览表:分词有一般式、完成式和完成进行式,分别对应不同的时态和语态。
3.分词在句中所能充当的成分:现在分词和过去分词在句中可以充当不同的成分,如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语等。
4.分词的用法:分词可以做表语,一般跟在系动词之后,如be、get、e、look、sound、feel、keep、remain、grow、seem、appear等系动词后面。
现在分词做表语表示主语的特征和性质,而过去分词做表语表示主语所处的状态。
作表语的分词与被动语态中的过去分词的区别在于前者表示主语所处的状态,而后者表示主语受到的动作。
同时,作表语的现在分词和进行时态的现在分词也有区别,前者表示主语的特征和性质,后者表示主语正在进行的动作。
例如:___ news ___.(新闻听起来令人鼓舞。
)His ___.(他的父亲似乎对他的成绩很满意。
)___ ___.(黑板被___打破了。
)___.(黑板破了。
)___.(我们国家的形势很令人鼓舞。
)___.(我们国家的形势正在鼓舞人民。
)The news is surprising。
It ___.分词、动名词和不定式作表语的区别:分词作表语主要表达主语的特点和状态,主语和表语位置不能交换。
动名词和不定式作表语则主要表达主语的具体内容,位置通常可以交换。
例如:___ ___。
这部电影让人失望。
___ with the film。
我们对这部电影感到失望。
非谓语动词的常用结构在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式,动名词和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。
1)不定式to do2)动名词doing3)分词doing/done否定形式:not +不定式,not + 动名词,not + 现在分词一、不定式1. 不定式做状语----目的He goes to the playground to play basketball with his friends.2. 不定式充当名词功能To see is to believe.3.常用结构want (sb.) to do sth. 想要(某人)做某事would like (sb) to do sth 想要(某人)做某事wish (sb.) to do sth. 希望(某人)做某事agree sb to do sth 同意(某人)做某事tell (sb.)(not) to do sth 吩咐(某人)做某事ask (sb.)(not)to do sth 要求(某人)做某事(注:ask\tell sb. not to do sth. 叫某人不干某事)invite sb to do sth 邀请(某人)做某事plan to do sth. 计划去干某事hope to do sth 希望去干某事decide to do sth. 决定去干某事can`t wait to do sth. 迫不及待地干某事can`t afford to do sth 承受不了做某事It takes\took sb.+时间、金钱to do sth.某人花费时间、金钱去干某事It’s +adj. for sb. to do sth.It’s +adj. of sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是…(假如Sb be adj 通顺就用of ) It’s better /best to do sth. 最好做某事be afraid to do sth 害怕...干...be excited to do sth 对干.、、、感到兴奋4.注意以下句型的互换:1). too…to do sth. 太…而不能…2). so +adj. /adv + that(从句) 如此…以致…3).such +(a/an +adj.)+n.+ that(从句) 如此…以致…4).(not) enough (for sb.) to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事(不)够二. _ing分词:1.动名词做主语,谓语动词为单数.Eating apples is good for your health.2.做为介词的宾语是动名词Thanks for helping me.3.在进行时态中。
非谓语之分词一、非谓语动词的概述非谓语有三大方面的内容是需要学习和掌握的,即:它们在句中所能充当的成分、时态和语态的变化以及逻辑主语。
非谓语动词有三种形式:1.不定式:可当作名词、形容词和副词来使用。
不定式在句中能够充当除谓语之外的其它任何成分。
2.动名词:动名词相当于名词,在句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。
3.分词:分词相当于形容词和副词,在句中主要充当定语、状语、补足语和表语。
非谓语动词作为动词的一种变化形式,仍保留有动词的特征。
比如:有自己的主语、时态和语态的变化。
因此学习非谓语动词有三个重要内容:充当句子成分,时态和语态的变化及逻辑主语。
二、分词的形式:分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。
这两种分词如何使用主要取决于分词与其所修饰名词之间的逻辑语义关系。
二、分词的意义:★现在分词的意义:从时态和语态两个角度分析分词的意义。
从语态看,现在分词表示主动意义,从时态看,现在分词表示进行的动作,相当于一个进行时态,同时还可以表示一般的动作,相当于一个一般时态。
1、主动,进行的动作。
例:①falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子②A sleeping dog 正在睡觉的狗③The man standing at the gate is my English teacher.站在门口的那个人是我们的英语老师。
④I like the girl dancing with that guy. 我喜欢正在和那个小伙子跳舞的女孩。
2、主动,一般的动作(表示某事物一贯特征)此用法表示的是所修饰名词的一种持久性的特点。
例:①flying fishes 飞鱼②A puzzling problem 令人迷惑的问题③They live in a room facing the south.他们住在一间朝南的屋子里。
=they live in a room that faces the south.★过去分词的意义:对于过去分词含义的理解,须区分及物动词和不及物动词。
高考英语非谓语动词之分词讲解一、考点分析非谓语动词在语法填空中最为常见,在翻译句子中也有所涉及;如学生基础较好,能在写作中运用,那将为作文提升一个档次。
二、专题详解分词是一种非谓语动词形式。
分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。
分词既具有动词的一些特征,可自带状语,有自己的逻辑主语,现在分词还可以带宾语,有时态和语态的变化。
它同时又具有形容词和副词的句法功能,可以作主语、表语、定语、状语,也可以用于复合结构作宾语补足语等。
1)知识点1作表语1.作表语的分词2.常用的作表语的分词注:大多数作表语的过去分词都来自及物动词,只有一小部分来自不及物动词。
例如:gone, come,fallen, risen,arrived, returned, passed, changed, faded等,这些主要是表示运动及转变的不及物动词,它们用作表语时带有书面语色彩,而且使用范围很窄。
例如:Summer is gone. 夏天过去了。
Autumn is come. 秋天到了。
The leaves are fallen.树叶落了。
The sun is risen.太阳升起来了。
3.过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别有些过去分词用作表语时,构成的谓语很接近被动结构。
一般说来with,at等介词多用于表语结构,by多用于被动结构.。
例题及练习基础题:1. There was a terrible noise______ the sudden burst of light.A followedB followingC to be followedD being followed答案:B2. The news was so ______that they were all____.A. inspiring; excitingB. inspiring; excitedC. inspired ;excitedD. inspired ;exciting 答案:B3. The door of the shop remained _____,though it was ten o’clock a.m.A.openedB. openingC. lockedD. having locking 答案:C4. I’d rather read than watch television; the program seem ______all the time .A.to get worseB.to be getting worseC.to have got worseD. Getting worse答案:B2)知识点2作定语1.分词作定语,修饰名词,相当于一个定语从句。
第九讲分词分词有现在分词和过去分词,相当于一个副词或形容词,可以在句中担任表语、定语、状语、补足语。
一分词的形式和用法二、分词的语法功能(定状补是高考重点)三独立主格结构错句:Walking through the park, the flowers looked beautiful. →Walking through the park, I saw some beautiful flowers.错句:Running into the house, the door banged after the boy. →Running into the house, the boy banged the door.全国高考非谓语动词试题汇编(2011全国卷I)1.The next thing he saw was smoke ______ from behind the house.A.rose B,rising C.to rise D.risen(2011全国卷II)2.The island, ______ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.A.joining B to join C. joined D.having joined(2011全国卷II)3.Sarah pretended to be cheerful, ______nothing about the argument.A.says B: said C to say D. saying(2011北京卷)4.It’s important for the figures _________ regularly.A. to be upated B.to have been updated C.to update D to have updated(2011北京卷)5.Sit down, Emma.You will only make yourself more tired, ________ on your feet.A.to keep B. keeping C.having kept D.to have kept(2011上海卷)6.It’s no use ____________ without taking action.A.complain B. complaining C.being complained D.to be complained(2011上海卷)7.The rare fish, _____ from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea.A.saved B.saving C.to be saved D.having saved(2011上海卷)8.At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam.Then I changed my mind, ____ that he could do nothing to help.A.to realize B.realized C. realizing D.being realized(2011上海卷)9.Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing… but we seem _____ the art of communicating face-to-face.A.losing B.to be losing C.to be lost D.having lost(2011山东卷)10.Look over there—there’s a very long, winding path______ up to the house.A. leading B.leads C.led D.to lead(2011江西卷)11.On receiving a phone call from his wife _____ she had a fall, Mr Gordon immediately rushed home from office.A.says B.said C. saying D.to say(2011江苏卷)12.Recently a survey _____ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.A.compared B. compairing C.compares D.being compared(2011安徽卷)13.Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _____ into small pieces.A.break B.breaking C. broken D.to break(2011浙江卷)14.Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ______ for words.A.lose B. lost C.to lose D.having lost(2011浙江卷)15.If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city ______ by their enthusiastic supporters.A.being cheered B.be cheered C. to be cheered D.were cheered(2011福建卷)16.Tsinghua University, ____ in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.A.found B.founding C. founded D.to be founded(2011福建卷)17.The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable ____.A.held B.holding C.be held D. to hold(2011四川卷)18.Lydia doesn’t feel like_____ abroad.Her parents are old.A.study B. studying C.studied D.to study(2011四川卷)19.Simon made a big bamboo box _______ the little sick bird till it could fly.A.keep B.kept C.keeping D. to keep(2011四川卷)20._________ an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.A.Offer B.Offering C. Offered D.To offer(2011辽宁卷)21.______ around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.A.Gather B.To gather C. Gathering D.To be gathering(2011天津卷)22.Passengers are permitted _____ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A. to carry B.carrying C.to be carried D.being carried(2011天津卷)23.______ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.A.Translating B Translated C.To translate D Having translated(2011陕西卷)24.Claire had luggage _______ an hour before her plane left.A.check B.checking C.to check D. checked(2011陕西卷)25.More highways have been built in China, ___________it much easier for people to travel form one place to another. A. making B.made C.to make D.having made(2011重庆卷)26.More TV programs, according to government to officials, will be produced _______people’s concern over food safety. A. to raise B.raising C.to have raised D.having raised(2011重庆卷)27.Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ________ of his own dreams.Areminding B.to remin C .reminded D.renmind(2011湖南卷)28 .The ability _____an idea is as important as the idea itself.A expressing B.expressed C. to express D.to be expressed(2011湖南卷)29.The players______from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game .Aselecting B to select C. selected D.having selected(2011湖南卷)30 .Do you wake up every morning __________ energetic and ready to start a new day?A.feel B.to feel C. feeling D.felt。