非谓语动词之分词
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第十六讲:非谓语动词——分词教学重点:掌握分词这一语法知识。
了解这一语法知识在高考中的应用。
命题趋势:分词的考点依次为作状语,作定语,做宾补及表语。
一些固定的基本知识应记牢。
知识点回顾:1.分词的基本概念:分词也是非谓语动词之一。
分词在形式上有两种形式:(1)现在分词,动词原形+ ing(同动名词形式)(2)过去分词,(规则动词)动词原形+ ed(不规则动词)构成没有什么规律4.分词的用法(1)分词做表语①跟在系动词之后分词做表语,一般跟在be, get, become, look, sound, feel, keep, remain, grow, seem, appear等系动词后面。
现在分词做表语:一般表主动或主语的性质和特征。
含有“令人….”的意思。
主语多数为物。
过去分词做表语:一般表示被动或主语所处的状态。
含有“感到….”的意思。
主语多数情况是人。
例如:The news sounds encouraging.His father seems pleased with his results.②做表语的过去分词与被动语态中的过去分词的区别被动语态表示主语受到的动作表示主语的动作,而作表语的分词表示主语所处的状态。
The blackboard was broken by LiMing.The blackboard is broken.③作表语的现在分词和进行时态的现在分词的区别作表语的现在分词表示主语的特征和性质。
The situation in our country is encouraging.进行时态中的分词表示主语正在进行的动作。
The situation in our country is encouraging the people.另外,在分词作表语的结构中,可以用其它系动词来代替be,但在进行结构中,则不可以。
因为进行时的句型必须是be + doing。
The news is surprising. = The news sounds surprising.④分词、动名词和不定式作表语的区别分词作表语:主要是表示主语的特点和所处的状态主语和表语的位置不可以互换。
非谓语动词(一):分词分词是"非谓语动词"的一重要组成部分,分为:现在分词(v-ing)和过去分词(v-ed)。
它兼具动词、形容词和副词的性质,在句中可以作定语、表语、状语和补足语。
1.分词作定语和表语现在分词和过去分词作定语和表语的区别主要在于:现在分词表示主动或正在进行的动作,过去分词表示被动或完成的动作;现在分词表示主语的特征,常用于事物,过去分词表示主语的状态,常用于人。
例如:China is a developing country.中国是一个发展中国家。
America is a developed country.美国是一个发达国家。
The game sounds interesting.这游戏听起来有趣。
I'm interested in the game.我对这个游戏感兴趣。
另外,分词作定语还有"being + 过去分词"的形式。
这种表达形式的意义是"分词动作正在进行;但分词动作与其所修饰的词之间是动宾关系" 。
例如:The cloverleaf intersection being built is designed by a young man .那座正在兴建的立交桥是一位年轻人设计的。
【翻译】1. The designers decided to ___________________________________.(设计者决定改变所用的材料。
)2. We must keep a secret of the things _________________________ here.(我们须对正在讨论的问题保密。
)3. Charlie, ________________________________, decided to return to London.(在巴黎呆过多年,查理决定重返伦敦。
)2.分词作状语分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步和方式等情况,一般放在句首和句尾,由逗号分开。
第九讲分词分词有现在分词和过去分词,相当于一个副词或形容词,可以在句中担任表语、定语、状语、补足语。
一分词的形式和用法二、分词的语法功能(定状补是高考重点)三独立主格结构错句:Walking through the park, the flowers looked beautiful. →Walking through the park, I saw some beautiful flowers.错句:Running into the house, the door banged after the boy. →Running into the house, the boy banged the door.全国高考非谓语动词试题汇编(2011全国卷I)1.The next thing he saw was smoke ______ from behind the house.A.rose B,rising C.to rise D.risen(2011全国卷II)2.The island, ______ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.A.joining B to join C. joined D.having joined(2011全国卷II)3.Sarah pretended to be cheerful, ______nothing about the argument.A.says B: said C to say D. saying(2011北京卷)4.It’s important for the figures _________ regularly.A. to be upated B.to have been updated C.to update D to have updated(2011北京卷)5.Sit down, Emma.You will only make yourself more tired, ________ on your feet.A.to keep B. keeping C.having kept D.to have kept(2011上海卷)6.It’s no use ____________ without taking action.A.complain B. complaining C.being complained D.to be complained(2011上海卷)7.The rare fish, _____ from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea.A.saved B.saving C.to be saved D.having saved(2011上海卷)8.At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam.Then I changed my mind, ____ that he could do nothing to help.A.to realize B.realized C. realizing D.being realized(2011上海卷)9.Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing… but we seem _____ the art of communicating face-to-face.A.losing B.to be losing C.to be lost D.having lost(2011山东卷)10.Look over there—there’s a very long, winding path______ up to the house.A. leading B.leads C.led D.to lead(2011江西卷)11.On receiving a phone call from his wife _____ she had a fall, Mr Gordon immediately rushed home from office.A.says B.said C. saying D.to say(2011江苏卷)12.Recently a survey _____ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.A.compared B. compairing C.compares D.being compared(2011安徽卷)13.Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _____ into small pieces.A.break B.breaking C. broken D.to break(2011浙江卷)14.Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ______ for words.A.lose B. lost C.to lose D.having lost(2011浙江卷)15.If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city ______ by their enthusiastic supporters.A.being cheered B.be cheered C. to be cheered D.were cheered(2011福建卷)16.Tsinghua University, ____ in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.A.found B.founding C. founded D.to be founded(2011福建卷)17.The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable ____.A.held B.holding C.be held D. to hold(2011四川卷)18.Lydia doesn’t feel like_____ abroad.Her parents are old.A.study B. studying C.studied D.to study(2011四川卷)19.Simon made a big bamboo box _______ the little sick bird till it could fly.A.keep B.kept C.keeping D. to keep(2011四川卷)20._________ an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.A.Offer B.Offering C. Offered D.To offer(2011辽宁卷)21.______ around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.A.Gather B.To gather C. Gathering D.To be gathering(2011天津卷)22.Passengers are permitted _____ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A. to carry B.carrying C.to be carried D.being carried(2011天津卷)23.______ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.A.Translating B Translated C.To translate D Having translated(2011陕西卷)24.Claire had luggage _______ an hour before her plane left.A.check B.checking C.to check D. checked(2011陕西卷)25.More highways have been built in China, ___________it much easier for people to travel form one place to another. A. making B.made C.to make D.having made(2011重庆卷)26.More TV programs, according to government to officials, will be produced _______people’s concern over food safety. A. to raise B.raising C.to have raised D.having raised(2011重庆卷)27.Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ________ of his own dreams.Areminding B.to remin C .reminded D.renmind(2011湖南卷)28 .The ability _____an idea is as important as the idea itself.A expressing B.expressed C. to express D.to be expressed(2011湖南卷)29.The players______from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game .Aselecting B to select C. selected D.having selected(2011湖南卷)30 .Do you wake up every morning __________ energetic and ready to start a new day?A.feel B.to feel C. feeling D.felt。