工程合同法律制度

第九章 合同法律制度（总则）

第一节 合同的基本理论

一、《合同法》的适用范围（P328）

1．平等主体之间有关民事权利义务关系的设立、变更、终止的协议均在《合同法》的调整范围。

2．婚姻、收养、监护等有关身份关系的协议，不适用《合同法》的调整。

3．中外合资经营企业合同、中外合作经营企业合同、中外合作勘探开发自然资源合同，必须适用中华人民共和国法律。

二、合同的相对性（P329）

合同法律关系具有相对性，只在特定的合同当事人之间发生权利和义务关系，当事人只能基于合同向另一方当事人提出请求或者提起诉讼，不能向无合同关系的第三人提出合同上的请求，也不能擅自为第三人设定合同上的义务。

1．主体上的相对性

（1）只有合同关系当事人相互之间才能提出合同上的请求，合同关系以外的第三人不能依据合同提出请求或者提出诉讼。

（2）合同关系当事人不能向第三人提出合同上的请求及诉讼。

2．内容上的相对性

（1）合同规定由当事人享有的权利，原则上并不及于第三人。

（2）合同当事人无权为他人设定合同上的义务。

（3）合同权利与义务主要对合同当事人产生约束力。

3．责任的相对性

（1）违约当事人应对违约后果承担违约责任，违约当事人同样应当对履行辅助人的行为负责。

（2）因第三人的行为造成债务不能履行的情况下，债务人仍应向债权人承担违约责任。

（3）债务人只能向合同中的债权人承担违约责任，而不应向国家或者第三人承担违约责任。

4．合同相对性的例外

（1）在保全措施（代位权和撤销权）中，突破了合同的相对性，使得债权人可以向合同关系以外的第三人提起诉讼，主张权利。

（2）买卖不破租赁：租赁物在租赁期间发生所有权变动的，不影响租赁合同的效力。租赁合同的承租人可以以自己的租赁权对抗新的所有权人，突破了合同关系的相对性。

（3）建设工程合同：经发包人同意，总承包人可以将自己承包的部分工作交由第三人完成。第三人就其完成的工作成果与总承包人向发包人承担连带责任。

第一章 合同概述

考核知识点：合同的概念；合同的基本原则；合同法律效力的概念。

考核要求：掌握合同的概念、基本原则；熟悉合同的法律效力。

1－P11－1 合同的概念

1－P11－2 合同履行的基本原则

1－P11－3 合同的分类及其特点

第二章 合同的订立

考核知识点：合同订立的程序；要约与要约邀请、承诺的概念和法律特征；合同的分类（单务合同与双务合同、诺成合同与实践合同、主合同与从合同、有偿合同与无偿合同）及特征；合同的内容；格式条款的优缺点；缔约过失责任的法律特征。

考核要求：掌握合同订立的程序、合同的形式和内容；熟悉格式条款、缔约过失责任。

2－P36－3 合同内容主要有哪些？

2－P36－4 要约撤回与要约撤销有什么区别？

2－P36－8 无效合同的条款主要有哪些？

2－P36－ 格式条款的解释。

2－P36－9 承担缔约过失责任的情形有哪几种？

2－P36－11 什么是缔约过失责任？与违约责任有何区别？

第三章 合同的效力

考核知识点：合同生效的条件；可变更和可撤销合同的法律特征；无效合同和效力待定合同的法律特征、区别，无效合同的法律后果。

考核要求：掌握合同的生效、可变更和撤销合同；熟悉无效合同；了解效力待定的合同。

3－P54－1 合同生效应具备哪些条件？合同生效与合同成立有何区别？

3－P54－4 无效合同包括哪几种类型？

3－P54－5 什么是可变更和可撤销合同？应具备哪些条件？

第四章 合同的履行

考核知识点：合同履行的法律特征、一般原则；同时履行抗辩权的适用条件；先履行抗辩权的适用条件；不安抗辩权的适用条件；代位权的适用条件；撤销权的成立要件；撤销权行使的法律后果。

考核要求：熟悉合同履行的一般规定与原则；了解合同履行过程中的重要法律制度。

4－P69－3 合同履行中的第三人？

4－P69－4 什么是抗辩权？

4－P69－5 行使不安抗辩权应满足哪些条件？有哪些后果？

4－P69－6 什么是代位权？什么是撤销权？

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In honor of the 95 anniversary of founding as an opportunity to award in recognition of a number of outstanding party members ' advanced grass-roots party organizations, outstanding party workers, and put the pioneer trees. Third, the "reform" efforts for example, be sure to change into. Learning to teachEducation in order to solve the problem, if it does not solve the problem, it wilform, goes through the motions. To strengthen the consciousness of problems and insisted on problem-oriented, problem-solving learning education for traction, truly deep investigation into change, modification. A checked swing. Learning education programme for party-building in our city actually proposed to focus on solution of fuzzy ideals and beliefs waver, consciousness, purpose of the party weak sense, honesty and self-discipline awareness is not strong, depressed, six issues of ethical misconduct study contents specific programmes for all party members and leading cadres above the county level shall focus on further refinement to the problems. Specific to every party member and every cadre, also requires a combination of actual and controlled, focused and really put yourself in, people see things, see, with their own specific problems to learn Constitution Party rules, series, address, so precision to find the problem, laying a solid foundation for further corrective action. B to make change. 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Meanwhile, coincides with the city, County and township party committees this year general election year, how to really choose loyal,

工程合同法律制度

一、 单项选择题（每题1分，共10分）

1、《合同法》规定的“同时履行抗辩权”在施工合同履行过程中是指（ D ）享有的中止履行义务的权益。

A.业主 B.承包商 C.监理工程师 D. 业主和承包商

解题要点：A、B均为单方，C不是合同主体，只有D正确。

2、《合同法》规定的“不安抗辩权”是指按照合同规定（ A ）享有的中止履行义务的权益。

A.先履行义务方 B.后履行义务方

C.合同当事人双方 D.合同担保人

3、合同转让属于（ C ）。

A.权益变更 B.义务变更 C.主体变更 D.标的变更

4、合同一方当事人的法定代表人变更后，原法定代表人签订的合同将（ B ）。

A.自行终止 B.仍旧有效

C.合同无效 D.双方重新协商另签合同

５、下列合同中，属于主合同的是（ A ）。

A.施工总承包合同 B.施工分包合同

C.担保合同 D.工程保险合同

解题要点：BCD均为从合同

６、不属于《合同法》调整范畴的合同是（ D ）。

A.技术合同 B.买卖合同 C.托付合同 D.监护合同

７、属于法律行为的要约发出后，则对（ A ）具有法律约束力。 A.要约人 B.受要约人 C.合同担保人 D. 要约人和受要约人

８、合同一方缺乏体会因重大误解订立了对自己利益有重大损害的合同，则他能够（ D ）。

A.单方面宣布合同无效 B.拒绝履行合同义务

C.向行政主管部门申请撤消合同 D.向法院要求裁定撤消合同

解题要点：《合同法》54条规定：合同当事人行使“撤消权”必须向人民法院或者仲裁机构要求裁定撤消合同。

９、建设工程合同应采纳（ B ）形式订立。

A.口头 B.书面 C.口头或书面 D.口头、书面或其他

解题要点：《合同法》207条规定：建设工程合同应当采纳书面形式。