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Healthandsafetymanagementinachangingorganisation:Casestudy

globalsteel

company

MaaritKoivupaloa,⇑,MarkoSulasalmib,1,PhilipRodrigoa,SeppoVäyrynenc

aOutokumpuOyj,Riihitontuntie7,P.O.Box140,FIN-02200Espoo,FinlandbMetsäFibreOyKemiMill&MetsäBoardKemiOy,FIN-94200Kemi,FinlandcFacultyofTechnology,IndustrialEngineeringandManagement,WorkScience,P.O.Box4610,FIN-90014UniversityofOulu,Finland

articleinfo

Articlehistory:Received12June2014Receivedinrevisedform14November2014Accepted19December2014Availableonline12January2015

Keywords:HealthandsafetysystemsHealthandsafetymanagementOHSAS18001ChangingorganisationCorporatesocialresponsibilityabstract

Whenanorganisationchanges,grows,ornewunitsjoinintoacorporation,itgenerateschallengesforhealthandsafety(HS)management.TherearedifferenttypesofHStools,systems,applications,formsandsoftwarewhichsupportHSmanagement.ThepurposeofthisresearchistofindoutwhatkindofHSmanagementpracticesandtoolsareusedandwhatisrequiredtomanageHSefficientlywithinaglo-balsteelcompany’s(Nemployees=15.000)differentsites.Allthesites(N=6)hadahealthandsafetymanagementsystem,whichwasbasedonOHSAS18001requirements.LocalHSmanagementpracticesandtoolsvariedsignificantly,buthadsimilarback-grounds.CorporateHSmanagementwasbasedaroundHSstandards,visionandprinciples,plansandtar-gets.Similarly,italsofollowedOHSASrequirements.SomeimprovementneedshavebeenidentifiedforboththelocalandthecorporatelevelHSmanage-mentpracticesandtools.ItispossibletomanageHSinacontinuouslychangingorganisation.Thefoun-dationsshouldbebasedoncorporateHSstandards,whichshouldbeoutlinedclearly–basedonthedesiredendresultcomplyingwiththeexternalrequirements.Ó2014ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.

1.Introduction

Companieshavestartedtoinvestinhumancapitalandtoman-

agerelationshipswithsocialstakeholders.Sociallyresponsible

companieswanttoexceedthedemandssetbylaw,andtobesuc-

cessfulalsoinoccupationalhealthandsafety,andenvironmental

field(Monteroetal.,2009).Organisationsthathaveacontinued

successinimprovingtheirstandardswouldactivelypayattention

tosafety,healthandenvironmentalfactors.TosupportHS(health

andsafety)practices,variousIT(informationtechnology)tools,

systems,applicationsandsoftwarehavebeendeveloped.HSprac-

tices,tools,systems,applicationsandsoftwarearefrequently

developedandtailoredtoaparticularsite’sorunit’sneedsinglo-

balcompanies.ThisarticlemakesreferencetoHStools(ITtools

thatsupportHSmanagement),theseinclude:systems,applica-

tions,formsandsoftware.

Whenanorganisationgrowsornewsitesorunitsjointogether,

itgeneratesnewchallenges,e.g.whatHSmanagementpractisesandtoolsshouldbeusedandwhatcharacteristicsshouldthey

have?Orshouldtherebeoneprocedurewithinawholecorpora-

tionorshouldtheindividualsiteschoosetheirownpractices?

Managingafrequentlychangingorganisationasacomplete

entity,andnotasseparatesites,isespeciallychallenging.One

questionishowtomakeitrunefficiently,whenHSmanagement

methodsandtoolsvarybetweenthesites?Thecasestudy

usedforthisresearchisaglobalsteelindustrycompany(Nemployees=15.000),whereorganisationshaverecentlybeenthroughadra-

maticchange.ThesitesarelocatedinEurope,AmericaandAsia.

Indetail,thisresearchdescribeswhatkindsofHSmanagement

practicesandtoolsareusedatthedifferentlocations(sites).The

mainfocusisinHSsystems,butinsomesitesEnvironmentand

Quality(EQ)areintegratedwithHSsystem,andthosewillbedis-

cussedascloselyrelatedsubjects.Thescopeisdefinedtohealth

andsafety,becausethecommonorganisationalstructureinthe

casecompanyfollowsthisdefinition.

ThehypothesisisthatdifferentHSmanagementpracticesand

multipleHStoolsarecurrentlyinuse.Thepurposeofthisresearch

istofindoutwhatkindofHSmanagementpracticesandtoolsare

usedinaglobalsteelcompany’sdifferentsitesandwhich

corporateHSmanagementpracticesareused.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2014.12.0090925-7535/Ó2014ElsevierLtd.Allrights

reserved.⇑Correspondingauthor.Tel.:+358401678020.E-mailaddress:maarit.koivupalo@outokumpu.com(M.Koivupalo).1Currentposition,formerOutokumpuStainless

Oy.SafetyScience74(2015)128–139

ContentslistsavailableatScienceDirect

SafetyScience

journalhomepage:www.elsevier.com/locat

e

/

ssciThetwomaingoalsinthisresearcharetoidentifywhatthe

requirementsaretoenableachangingmanufacturingcompanyto:

1.ManageHSefficiently.

2.IdentifyimprovementsforthecurrentHSmanagement

practicesandtools.

Fourresearchquestions(RQ)wereusedtogathertheinforma-

tionrequiredforthisstudy:

RQ1:WhatkindofHSmanagementpracticesandtoolssupport

HSmanagementincontinuouslychangingorganisation?

RQ2:WhatpractisesandtoolsareusedforHSmanagementin

differentsitesininternationalcorporation?

RQ3:ArecorporateHSstandardsandtargetsdeployedtothe

localHSmanagementpractices?

RQ4:ArehigherlevelHSdemandsreflectedtothecorporateHS

management?

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Abrasive machining of advanced aerospace alloys and composites--1-s2.0-S0007850615001432-main

Abrasive machining of advanced aerospace alloys and composites--1-s2.0-S0007850615001432-main

AbrasivemachiningofadvancedaerospacealloysandcompositesFritzKlocke(1)a,SeinLeungSoo(2)b,*,BernhardKarpuschewski(1)c,JohnA.Webster(1)d,DonkaNovovice,AmrElfizyf,DragosA.Axinte(1)g,StefanTo¨nissenaaLaboratoryforMachineToolsandProductionEngineering,WZL,RWTHAachenUniversity,Aachen,GermanybMachiningResearchGroup,SchoolofMechanicalEngineering,UniversityofBirmingham,Birmingham,UnitedKingdomcInstituteofManufacturingTechnologyandQualityManagement,Otto-von-Guericke-UniversityofMagdeburg,Magdeburg,GermanydCool-GrindTechnologies,Ashford,CT,UnitedStateseRolls-Royceplc,Derby,UnitedKingdomfPrattandWhitneyCanada,Longueuil,QC,CanadagRolls-RoyceUniversityTechnologyCentre(UTC),FacultyofEngineering,UniversityofNottingham,Nottingham,UnitedKingdom

1.IntroductionTheworldwidemarketforcivilaircraftisrisinginlinewithincreasingglobalpopulationandaffluence.Growthinnewairplanedeliveriesisexpectedtobeatanaverageof3.6%perannumupto2030[114].Thisnaturallytranslatestoagreaterdemandforgasturbineengines,whichplacessignifimercialpressuresforcontinuousimprovementinaeroen-gineperformanceandfuelefficiencyhavedriventhedevelopmentofmaterialswithincreasingtemperaturelimitsataffordablecost[65].Thisisevidentfromtheevolutionofmaterialscompositioninengines,withthetrendmovingtowardsalloyswithhighertemperaturecapability(fromsteelstonickelandtitaniumalloys)andmaterialswithlowerdensity(aluminiumtocarbonfibrecomposites).Althoughnotfullymature,ceramicandmetalmatrixcomposites(CMCandMMC)areshowingevidenceofreplacingsomeofthehightemperaturealloysthatdominatedenginestowardstheendofthe20thcentury.Theconstantlychangingstateofaeroenginematerialstechnologyisanotherfactorthatwillconsiderablystretchthelimits/capabilityofestablishedmanufacturingprocessesandthereforefurtheremphasisesthecriticalneedtodevelopmoreadvancedandrobustproductiontechniques.Despitetherapiddevelopmentandincreasingacceptanceofnon-conventionalmachiningprocessesforthemanufactureofturbomachineryparts[123],grindingisstilloneoftheprimaryoperationsinthefinishmachiningofcriticalgasturbineenginecomponents.Thisisduetothestrictrequirementforachievingtightdimensionaltolerancesof<10mmandsuperiorsurfacefinishwithroughnessintheorderof<0.5mmRatogetherwithacceptableworkpiecequality/integrity.Thekeynotewilldiscussthelatestdevelopmentsinacademicresearchtogetherwithcurrentstate-of-the-artrelatingtoabrasivemachinabilityofkeyaerospacealloysandcompositematerials,fluiddeliveryandwheelpreparationstrategies,machinetooltechnologiesandinnovativeprocessconfigurations,aswellasexamplecasestudiesandperspectivesfrompractitionersintheaeroenginemanufacturingsector.ThepapercomplementsasisterkeynotetobepresentedinSTC-Crelatingtothe‘Highperformancecuttingofadvancedaerospacematerials’aswellasthekeynotedeliveredlastyear(2014)inSTC-E[123].2.Workpiecesurface/sub-surfaceintegrityrequirementsAeroenginediscsarecategorisedascriticalcomponentsandarethereforesubjecttohighlystringentdimensionalaccuracy,surfaceintegrityandfatiguerequirements.Itiswelldocumentedthatthefunctionalperformanceofpartssubjecttomachiningprocessesisstronglyaffectedbytheresultingmaterialsurface/subsurfaceintegrityconditions[111].Publicationsdetailinginvestigationsrelatingtotheinfluenceofmaterialremovalprocessesonworkpieceresidualstressesinitiallyappearedinthe1950s.However,FieldandKahles[66]werethefirsttodefinetheconceptofsurfaceintegrityandproposeassociated

1-s2.0-S0960894X10004464-main

1-s2.0-S0960894X10004464-main

Chitooligosaccharidesprotectratcorticalneuronsagainstcopperinduced

damagebyattenuatingintracellularlevelofreactiveoxygenspecies

WeiXu,Han-changHuang,Chang-junLin,Zhao-FengJiang*

CollegeofArtsandScience,BeijingUnionUniversity,Beijing100191,ChinaBeijingKeyLaboratoryofBioactiveSubstancesandFunctionalFoods,BeijingUnionUniversity,Beijing100191,China

articleinfo

Articlehistory:Received26December2009Revised3March2010Accepted27March2010Availableonline2April2010

Keywords:CopperNeurotoxicityCOSsNeuroprotectiveeffectsOxidativedamageCorticalneuronsabstract

Alargenumberofevidencehassuggeststhatdyshomeostasisoftheredox-activebiometalssuchascop-perandothermetalionscanleadtooxidativestressinneurons,whichplaysakeyroleinthepathologyofneurodegenerativedisorders.Chitooligosaccharides(COSs)arebiodegradationproductofchitosananddemonstrateddiversebiologicalactivities,HerewefirstreportthatprotectiveeffectsofCOSs(M.W.1500,DD.90%)againstCu(II)inducedneurotoxicityinprimaryculturedratcorticalneurons.ThetoxicityofCu(II)tocorticalneuronswasobviouslyattenuatedinaconcentration-dependentmannerbyCOSspre-treated.Thedataderivedfromlactatedehydrogenase(LDH)releaseandtheHoechst33342assaysupporttheresultsfromMTTassay.AfterDCFHassay,COSswerefoundtodepressCu(II)inducedelevationinintracellularreactiveoxygenspecies(ROS),ThesefindingssuggestthatCOSsprotectagainstCu(II)inducedneurotoxicityinprimarycorticalneuronsbyinterferingwithanincreaseinintracellularreactiveoxygenspecies(ROS).Ó2010ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.

发那科标准配置

发那科标准配置

序号物料编号品名规格型号单位用量103090006基本单元2槽A02B-0319-B502PCS1203050103功能包 AA02B-0320-H532PCS1303050106空槽板A02B-0319-J190PCS2403050003轴卡 Ａ2A02B-0319-H032PCS1503050008电源单元(2槽）A02B-0319-H112PCS1603050107铭牌(FANUC Series Oi-MD)A02B-0320-H190PCS1703050001主板　Ａ3A02B-0319-H103PCS1803050005FROM/SRAM 存储器 B1(128M/1M)A02B-0319-H056PCS19031000038.4"彩色LCD/MDI(横置)A02B-0319-H144#MPCS11003050095附件 电缆卡子A02B-0124-K001PCS11103050097备件 保险1AA03B-0815-K001PCS11203090005OI 用I/O单元A02B-0309-C001PCS11303050038I/O LINK线A02B-0120-K842#L-7MPCS11403050064电缆A02B-0124-K830#L-7MPCS21503050088外部光缆(7米)(用于FSSB/HSSB/I/OLINK)A66L-6001-0026#L7R003PCS11603050039MPG电缆A02B-0120-K847#L-7MPCS11703050063电缆（NC-SPM）A02B-0200-K810#L-7MPCS11803050067伺服动力电缆,接SS端子,弯头F06B-0001-K006#L-5MPCS31903030016伺服电机Bis 12/2000-B103PCS32003020015主轴电机A06B-1446-B103(BII 8/10000)PCS12103040003伺服驱动器A06B-6164-H312#H580(BISVSP 20/20/40-11)PCS12203050110浪涌吸收器A06B-6077-K144PCS12303060004电抗器A81L-0001-0155PCS12403050098伺服放大器用保险A06B-6073-K250PCS22503050029除AI0.5外主轴电机AIM,AIMZ编码器反馈,JYA2A06B-6078-K811#L-6MPCS12603050075插头用于24V控制电源/ESP/MCC/(CX3,CX4,CXA2C)A06B-6134-K201PCS12703050111风扇单元A06B-6134-K001PCS12803050072接插件A06B-6134-K204PCS12903050069反馈A660-2005-T505#L-5MPCS33003050009插座A63L-0001-0726#041KMXXPCS13103050010插座A63L-0001-0726#041KMXYPCS13203050079插座A63L-0001-0726#041KMYYPCS13303050096备件 控制单元保险A02B-0236-K100PCS13403050093穿孔面板电缆（窄）A02B-0120-C191#L-6MPCS13503050086备件 控制单元电池A02B-0309-K102PCS13603050066OI扁平电缆(DI/DO 50 PIN)F02B-0124-K001#L-1MPCS43703050105AI轮廓控制A02B-0320-J665PCS13803050112预读插补前铃型加减速A02B-0320-J977PCS13903050109加工条件选择功能A02B-0320-S637PCS14003050083电池A06B-6114-K504PCS14103050084电池盒A06B-6114-K506PCS14203050074焊接型插头(标准型)(HONDA,20芯,孔型)A02B-0120-K301PCS44303150017OI-D/OI-MATE-D参数说明书（中文）B-64310CMPCS14403150001OI-D/OI-MATE-D加工中心系统用户󰀀手册（中文）B-64304CM-2PCS14503150002OI-D,OI MATE-D维修说明书（中文）B-64305CMPCS1T-6/T-8机型FANUC 0i-MD标准配置

德国螺栓标准141110

德国螺栓标准141110

德国螺栓标准(DIN bolt standards)

编号 中文名称 英文名称

DIN 103-7-1972 ISO 米制梯形螺纹.标称直径8～100mm螺栓螺纹的极限尺寸 ISO Metric Trapezoidal Screw Threads; Limiting

Sizes for Bolt Threads from 8 to 100 mm Nominal

Diameter

DIN 103-8-1972 ISO 米制梯形螺纹.标称直径105至300mm螺栓螺纹的极限尺寸 ISO Metric Trapezoidal Screw Threads; Limiting

Sizes for Bolt Threads from 105 to 300 mm Nominal

Diameter

DIN 11014-1968 农业机械.米制螺纹、精制沉头双接口螺栓 Agricultural equipment; countersunk double-nip

bolts, sinkings, metric thread, finish

DIN 11015-1995 农业机械.带短四角方凸台的扁平埋头螺栓 Agricultural machinery - Flat countersunk

square neck bolts with short square

DIN 11028-1999 农业用拖拉机和机械..拖车联轴节.40联接环用螺栓联轴节 Agricultural tractors and machinery - Trailer

coupling - Bolt coupling for coupling-ring 40

DIN 1211-3-2003 错列人孔阶梯脚扣.第3部分:螺栓连接的阶梯脚扣 Step irons for staggered manhole steps - Part

3: Bolted-on step irons