东北农大网络教育作业题养猪学高升专参考答案
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大学网络与继续教育学院课程考试试题卷类别:网教专业:动物医学 20 年6月课程名称【编号】:畜牧学【0898】 A卷大作业满分:100分注:1至7题任意选择其中4题作答。
1. 简述发情周期中生殖器官的变化。
(25分)2. 猪繁育体系如何构成?(25分)3. 简述饲养标准的概念、意义及在实际生产中如何应用。
(25分)4. 鸡种蛋孵化中如何控制温度?(25分)5. 简答青贮饲料一般的制作原理和技术要点?(25)6. 简述泌乳母牛干乳的意义?{25分)7.猪场粪尿如何处理和利用?(25分)资料:7.猪场粪尿如何处理和利用?答:猪答:粪尿的收集与分离采用机械或人工的方法。
人工的方法:人工检干粪,然后用水冲洗。
它比机械的方法耗水少,费用低,多为目前省内规模化猪场采用。
无论采用那种方法,粪、尿一定要分离处理,才能提高处理效果,降低处理成本。
水冲式粪尿混合清除收集系统:缺点多,不宜在生产中应用。
粪尿污水的处理:用厌氧的方法处理猪粪污水,可以去除80%以上的污染物,同时还可获得可利用的再生能源。
通常是采用沼气池的处理来实现。
粪尿的综合利用:清除干粪可经堆积发酵,形成良好的有机肥供农田用。
尿污经沼气池处理,产生的沼气形成能源供生活或工业用,沼液、沼渣可做农田底肥,形成良性的生态循环系统。
2.猪繁育体系如何构成?答:猪繁育体系是以育种场为核心,繁殖场为中介和商品场为基础构成金字塔式繁育体系。
(1)育种场这部分猪群称为核心群,拥有的曾祖代猪群以称为原种猪群。
特点为集中了不同品种品系的遗传素材,以及丰富面优良的基因资源,为繁育体系的基因库。
主要任务是从事纯种的选育提高和根据市场需要培育新品系。
为繁殖场提供优良的后备猪。
为商品场提供杂交用的终端父本。
(2)繁殖场任务为育种场所培育的纯种扩大繁殖。
进行品种(系)间杂交生产杂交小母猪,为商品场提供后备小母猪。
(3)商品场进行父母代杂交生产商品猪。
3. 简述饲养标准的概念、意义及在实际生产中如何应用。
养猪检测试题姓名:成绩:一、名词解释(每题6分,共30分))1、静立发情2、初乳3、现代化养猪生产4、断奶仔猪5、EBV二、选择题(每题6分,共30分)1、猪的泌乳力常常用()来表示。
A.14日龄窝重B.18日龄窝重C.21日龄窝重D.28日龄窝重2、利用B超对母猪妊娠诊断时,检出率较高的时间是配种后的第()。
A.18天B.21天C.25天D.28天3、与我国地方猪种相比,主要引入猪种具有()的种质特性。
A.肉质优良B.瘦肉率高C.耐粗饲D.抗病性强4、初生仔猪在出生头3天内必须补铁,目的是为了()。
A.提高日增重B.防止缺铁性贫血C.防止下痢D.增强免疫力5、给仔猪喂开食料的适宜时间为()。
A.1周龄B.2周龄C.3周龄D.4周龄三、简答题(每题8分,共40分)1、图示猪立耳与垂耳的遗传方式。
2、五段饲养工艺流程包括什么?优点?3、断奶对仔猪是一种较大的应激,必须做好哪些工作?4、为什么对哺乳仔猪实行3~5周龄断奶?5、培育新品种的目的是什么?养猪学试题一、名词解释1、静立发情答:用双手扶住发情母猪腰部用力下按时,则母猪站立不动,这种发情时对压背产生的特征性反应称为“静立反射”或“压背反射”。
2、初乳答:分娩后头24h期间分泌的乳,含有较高的抗体和蛋白质。
3、现代化养猪生产答:是指采用现代的科学技术和设施装备养猪产业,按照工业生产方式组织养猪生产,进行集约化生产和经营的过程。
4、断奶仔猪答:或称保育仔猪,是指仔猪断奶后至70日龄左右的仔猪。
5、EBV 答:估计育种值。
二、选择题1、猪的泌乳力常常用()来表示。
A.14日龄窝重B.18日龄窝重C.21日龄窝重D.28日龄窝重2、利用B超对母猪妊娠诊断时,检出率较高的时间是配种后的第()。
A.18天B.21天C.25天D.28天3、与我国地方猪种相比,主要引入猪种具有()的种质特性。
A.肉质优良B.瘦肉率高C.耐粗饲D.抗病性强4、初生仔猪在出生头3天内必须补铁,目的是为了()。
装订线装订线装订线装订线注:装订线内禁止答题,装订线外禁止有姓名和其他标记。
东北农业大学网络教育学院在职高升专期末测试题23208146 生产运作管理一、名词解释(每题4分,共5题)1. 创新型产品2. 工艺专业化形式3. 订单资格要素4. 工艺设计5. 生产计划大纲二、单项选择题(每题2分,共5题)1. 制定生产大纲时,下述哪种方法是实际生产中应用最多的()?A、线性决策法则B、线性规划C、反复试验法D、模拟法2. 生产运作的总体战略不包括():A、自制或购买B、低成本和大批量C、多品种和小批量D、设施布置3. 对于体积小、单件加工时间短、批量小的零件,可选择()。
A、顺序移动方式B、平行移动方式C、平行顺序移动方式D、三者均可4. 随着全球化市场、个性化需求特征的日益明显,最直接、最具竞争力的生产组织方式应该选择()。
A、大量生产B、成批生产C、单件生产D、批量客户化定制生产5. 下述哪项是企业维持库存的原因()?A、保持生产运作对库存的依赖性B、给员工提供安全的感觉C、满足需求的波动D、防止员工报酬的增加三、判断题(每题2分,共5题)1. 有什么样的原材料就制造什么样的产品,输入决定了输出。
2. 生产运作策略在逻辑结构上可分为生产运作系统设计和生产运作系统运行与控制两部分。
3. 生产运作的对象是生产运作系统。
4. 并行工程的本质之一是强调产品设计的可制造性,可装配性和可检测性。
5. 按劳动密集程度和与顾客接触程度对服务业分类为,资本密集型和劳动密集型。
四、简答题(每题10分,共4题)1. 何谓项目?它有哪些特征?2. 简述生产运作管理的内容和目标3. 何谓运营能力?决定运营能力的要素主要有哪些?4. 如何培育服务业运作系统的竞争能力?五、计算题(每题20分,共1题)1. 某电子公司与生产一款MP3,可选择在中国大陆,香港,印尼以及三地生产,该产品的售价预计为130美元/单位,各地的成本结构下。
东北农业大学网络教育学院家畜环境卫生学(专科)网上作业题第一章温热环境一、名词解释体温皮温基础代谢体增热辐射散热传导散热对流散热蒸发散热物理调节化学调节等热区临界温度绝对湿度相对湿度露点有效温度温湿指数风冷指数光周期红斑作用色素沉着作用长日照动物短日照动物二、填空1.畜体代谢产热是通过组织传导和血液循环的作用带到皮肤和呼吸道表面,然后以()、()、()和()四种方式散失于周围环境中。
2.在皮肤表面的温度称为()。
因为皮肤和被毛介于身体和外界之间,它受身体本身和外界温热的双重影响,因此常随外界条件的变化而()。
3.动物机体是通过(),(),(),()四条途径散热的。
4.热传导是通过()或()的振动而传递,分子本身仍保留其原来的位置。
5.对流的形式有两种:一种由外力作用发生的,称为();一种是由物质密度变化引起,称()。
6.在炎热或寒冷的环境中,家畜首先借皮肤血管的舒缩,增减皮肤的血流量和(),其次通过加强或减弱()和(),寻找较舒适的小气候环境和改变姿势等,以增加或减少热的放散来维持正常体温,这称之为散热调节。
7.太阳辐射热从(),( )和反射三方面做用于动物机体。
8.在高温时,强烈的太阳辐射,影响畜体的(),破坏热平衡,对家畜的各种生产力都有不良影响。
9.一天中()与()之差称为气温日较差。
10.一年中最高月平均气温与最低月平均气温之差称为()。
11.畜舍,特别是封闭式或保温隔热性能良好的畜舍中的气温,在寒冷季节主要来自(),但因通风换气和外围结构的散热,显著受()的影响。
12.临界温度的高低取决于产热的多少和散热的难易:凡产热多,散热难的,临界温度();产热少,易散热的,临界温度()。
13.当气温上升时,皮肤血管扩充,大量的血液流向皮肤,把体内的()带到体表,这时皮温升高,以增加皮温与气温之差,提高()散热量。
14.随着外界温度的升高,皮温与气温之差减少,()逐渐减弱,而以()代替之。
15.在高温环境中主要依靠()散失体内的热量。
东北农业大学网络教育学院动物生理学高升专作业题作业题(一)一、填空题1. 生理学中常把血浆中的NaHCO3的含量称为()。
2.家畜生理学的基本实验方法是动物实验方法,归纳起来可分为()。
3.能够防止血液凝固的物质成为()。
4.一个心动周期中可顺序出现三个时期即()。
5.呼吸道是呼吸气体进出肺的通道,其中上呼吸道是指()。
6.饲料在消化管内消化有三种方式,包括()。
7.正常的尿中几乎不含()。
8.测量畜禽体温是指在安静状态下()温度。
9.肾小管和集合管的转运包括()。
10血细胞是由()三种细胞组成。
二、单选题1.红细胞能发挥生理作用的物质是()A.蛋白质 B.铁 C.血红蛋白 D.原卟啉2.胰高血糖素的作用是()A.升高血糖 B.降低血糖C.升高血钙 D.降低血钙3.机体的体温调节中枢在()A.延髓 B.中脑 C.下丘脑 D.基底神经节4.胆汁的主要作用是()A.消化脂肪 B.乳化脂肪 C.分解蛋白质 D.分泌胆汁5.肝素的主要作用有()A.抗凝血 B.促血凝 C.激活凝血 D.加快凝血6.神经调节的基本方式是()A.反射 B.反应 C.适应 D.反馈7.机体的内环境是指()A.细胞内液 B.细胞外液 C.血液 D.组织液8.肾小球有效滤过压等于()A.血浆胶体渗透压—(肾小球毛细血管血压+肾小囊内压) B.血浆胶体渗透压+(肾小球毛细血管血压+肾小囊内压) C.血浆胶体渗透压—(肾小球毛细血管血压—肾小囊内压) D.血浆胶体渗透压+(肾小球毛细血管血压—肾小囊内压)9.活动时产热量最多的组织是()A.心肌 B.血管 C.骨骼肌 D.腺体10.交感神经节后纤维末梢释放的递质是()A.肾上腺素 B.去甲肾上腺素 C.多巴 D.多巴胺三、名词解释1.兴奋性2.体液调节3.溶血4.心动周期5.呼吸6.消化7.胸膜腔内压8.肾小球滤过压9.原尿10.激素四、简答题1.静息电位产生的机理2.白细胞分几类,各有什麽功能?3.胸膜腔负压是如何产生的?4.简述唾液的主要成分、作用及调节5.简述兴奋突触传递的机理五.论述题1.简述草食动物的消化特点?2.简述甲状腺激素的生理作用及调节?六.分析题1.给实验兔注射20%葡萄10ml溶液时尿量明显增多这是为什麽?2.制备坐骨神经腓肠肌标本为什麽要用铜锌弓检测灵敏度?作业题(二)一、填空题1. 在内外环境因素作用下,细胞具有产生膜电位变化的能力或特性成为细胞的()。
东北农大网络教育入学考试复习资料(含部分答案)(专升本)模拟自测试题一Ⅰ.Phonetics (10 points)Directions: In each of the following groups of words, there are four underlined letters or letter combination marked A, B,C and D. Compare the underlined parts and identify the one that is different from the others in pronunciation. Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1. A. sole B. solve C. soft D. solve2. A. education B. station C. attention D. suggestion3. A.character B. China C. child D. choice4. A. asked B. missed C. whipped D. played5. A. cough B. weigh C. enough D. laugh6. A. sing B. strong C. playing D. finger7. A. swim B. sword C. sweat D. sweet8. A. speak B. reach C. cheat D. bread9. A. friend B. field C. piece D. belief10. A. now B. knowledge C. cow D. downⅡ. V ocabulary and Structure (40 points)Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B C and D. Choose one answer that best completes the sentence and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.11. —Excuse me, are you waiting for the bus?—Y es, I am. But the bus is so late. _____, how can I get to No.1 Middle School?A. In the wayB. On the wayC. Out of the wayD. By the way12. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are ____our environment with dangerous chemicals.A. protectingB. savingC. pollutingD. fighting13. Listening to the music had a calming influence _____ her.A. toB. onC. forD. into14. Some people who are successful language learners find it difficult to ____ in other fields.A. succeedB. resultC. achieveD. score15.Without air, there would be no atmosphere to protect us ____ the sun’s deadly rays.A. fromB. underC. toD. in16. —__________?—A cup of orange juice.A. Any drinksB. May I take your orderC. Do you open itD. Do you often come here17. —How did you enjoy your trip?—_______.A. Nice to meet youB. V ery muchC. Thank youD. Of course18.It is those people who ____ most angry at what is going on at university campuses.A. isB. wasC. wereD. are19. I will go back to my hometown as soon as I _____ my examinations.A. will finishB. finishC. has finishedD. would finish20. In spring and summer, the most popular______ is tennis.A. workB. activityC. gamesD. sport21.We must _____ all possible ways of increasing food production.A. extendB. insertC. involveD. explore22. ________ way is more efficient is still a question.A. WhatB. WhichC. ThatD. Whether23. They will put off the sports until next week_____ the weather may be fine.A. whenB. whereC. thatD. which24.Many a school in the United States_____ to train men in theology.A. was set upB. were set upC. has set upD. have set up25. We don’t know what the surface of V enus might_____.A. look asB. look likeC. look overD. look about26. This town is famous_____ its historical homes.A. forB. aboutC. withD. by27. Our boss told me my plan was still_____ discussion.A. inB. underC. ofD. with28. Important_______ his discovery was, it was regarded as a matter of no account in his time.A. toB. forC. asD. although29. John was ____ in the trouble, and he didn’t know what to do.A. attractedB. interestedC. movedD. involved30. It has not yet been decided____ the meeting is to be held.A. thatB. whenC. whatD. w hich31. This is the house_____ my parents once lived while they were in the village.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when32. Be sure to____ your work at the end of the exam.A. look overB. hang upC. look upD. catch sight of33. His handwriting ____ yours.A. more betterB. as well asC. much better thanD. as better as34. It was recommended that they____ for the doctor.A. has waitedB. waitedC. should wai tD. shoul d have wai ted35. Don’t forget to post the letter for me, ____?A. do youB. will youC. are youD. can you36. It is a____ ride from his home to the shopping center.A. ninety-milesB. ninety-mile’sC. ninety milesD.ninety-mile37. Hardly____ when they ran toward it.A. had the plane landedB. did the plane landC. the plane had landedD. the plane landed38. I don’t think you have heard of him before,____ ?A. don’t IB. do IC. have youD. haven’t you39. Do you like playing______?A. the footballB. footballC. a footballD. footballs40. Would you mind not____ him tomorrow?A. to be seeingB. seeingC. to seeD. see41. _____ necessary, you may measure the cloth again.A. If itB. If itsC. If there isD. If42. The speech was so_____ that I felt_____.A. bored; boringB. bored; boredC. boring; boringD. boring; bored43. She said she____ her husband wash the car the next day.A. would helpB. will helpC. helpedD. had helped44. We have____ people to finish the job today.A. seldomB. littleC. enoughD. much45. By 1929, Mickey Mouse was as popular_____ children as Coca-Cola.A. forB. inC. toD. with46. Many famous people from all over the world have been awarded Nobel Prizes for their____.A. resultsB. achievementsC. progressD. discoveries47. The boss won’t allow us to have a rest unless we___ the work.A. finishB. don’t finishC. will finishD. won’t finish48. The salesman tried to____ us to buy his product.A. permitB. persuadeC. allowD. promise49. He has promised to____ the matte .A. look outB. look overC. look afterD. look into50. This room is_____ in the building.A. biggest than any other oneB. bigger than any other oneC. the biggest than any other oneD. bigger than any oneⅢ. Cloze(20 points)Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A , B, C, D. Choose the one that is most suitable and mark you answer by blackening the correspondi ng l etter on the A nswer Sheet.One day I was shopping with Mary when a group of white men found us. A tall man 51 up and asked me where I lived. Mary was so angry 52 she said, ”That’s none of your business. If any of you dare to follow us, I’ll tell the police.” The white men had to go 53 . Then Mary warned me not to be in town 54 after dark. She told me that whenever I came 55 the white men who tried to stop me. I should walk right and 56 them as if I saw nothing.Two weeks later Mary was found 57 in a pool of blood. Her death brought back memories of what she 58 told me. I couldn’t 59 it any longer. At that time my thoughts were no longer about school. What I wanted w as to get the 60 to stand up and fight!51. A. ran B. came C. put D. got52. A. for B. as C. that D. to53. A. by B. along C. through D. away54. A. again B. alone C. twice D. on foot55. A. across B. in C. with D. to56. A. jump B. go C. pass D. sing57. A. standing B. lying C. playing D. talking58. A. would B. was told C. had D. has59. A. stand B. think C. listen D. remember60. A. Americans B. rich C. old D. BlackⅣ. Reading Comprehension(60points)Directions: There are four reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five question. For each question there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneOne of the well-known of American writers is Samuel Clemens, whose pen name is Mark Twain. Born in 1835, Twain grew up in the Mississippi River town of Hannibal, Missouri. As did many other boys of his day ,Twain dreamed of traveling on rive boats and of someday becoming a riverboat pilot. Twain used his memories of the life of a river town in his tow most famous books, Huckleberry Finn and Tom sawyer.As a young man, Twain held many jobs. He was a printer, a good miner, and, for a time, he was a riverboat pilot. During his pilot days, he adopted the name Mark Twain. This was a term used by the boatmen to mean that the water measured two fathoms, or twelve feet, which was deep enough for safe passage.Finally Twain became a successful writer. He traveled a great deal, writing and speaking, and became very popular both in the United States and in Europe.Twain’s style of writing was simple and direct. Among the things he wrote about were superstitious(迷信)people and people who were easily fooled. He used his unusual gift for humor to write about many things of importance.61. Generally speaking , this article is about____.A. a riverboat pilotB. a printerC. g gold mi nerD. a famous wri ter62. When he was a boy, Mark Twain dreamed of_______.A. traveling on river boats to become a riverboat pilotB. traveling on river boats to gather material for his booksC. traveling on river boats to make moneyD. traveling on river boats to enjoy himself63. Where did the name Mark Twain come from?____.A. It came from a safe passageB. It came from a term used by the boatmenC. It came from a his boyhood.D. It came from his measuring tool.64. Which one of these sentences is not true?____.A. Twain was successful in writing at lastB. Twain was a famous humoristC. Twain’s writing style wa s easy to be understoodD. Twain wrote many poems about Mississippi65. Mark Twain became famous in____.A. the AsiaB. the United StatesC. EuropeD. Both B and CPassage TwoThe earliest immigrants(移民)to North America found Indians already living there. The Indians numbered about 500,00 at the time. Their society was a primitive society. But they lived peacefully and welcomed the white strangers to the land. However, these early immigrants from Europe didn’t want to share the land with the natives. They killed off many of the Indians, seized their land or pushed them off to lands farther away. Today the Indians, not more than half a million, live in poverty and misery on the land on which they were once masters.The earliest immigrants were the Spanish, who settled in the southern part of what is now the U.S. the next large group were the English, after the English came the French, Dutch, Irish, Irish, Germans, and other nationality groups, mostly European.Another early group to arrive were the Negroes. But they were brought in as slaves from Africa. T hen didn’t win freedom till generations later.66. Who were the earliest people living in North America?______.A. The SpanishB. The EnglishC. The NegroesD. The Indians67. Why didn’t the immigrants share the lands with the natives?_____.A. They thought the Indians were not friendly to themB. They wanted to seize the lands as their ownC. Because North America was first discovered by themD. Because the Indian people liked marking war to them68. According to this passage, which of the following is true?_______.A. The Negroes came to North America in order to work for the earliest immigrantsB. The Negroes also belonged to the earliest immigrants to the North AmericaC. The Negroes were brought to America by chanceD. The Negroes didn’t win freedom until now69. From this passage, you can see at least_____ kinds of people living in North America are mentioned.A. FiveB. sixC. sevenD. eight70. Which is the best title of this passage?_____,A. The Earliest People in North AmericaB. The Earliest Immigrants to North AmericaC. The People of the United States D Europeans Were the Earliest People Coming to the North AmericaPassage ThreeMy husband and children feel very happy to live here. They can’t see that we live on a dirty street in a dirty house among people who aren’t good. They can’t see that our neighbors have to make happiness out of all thi s dirt. I decided that my children must get out of this. The money that we’ve saved isn’t nearly enough.The McGaritys have money but they are so proud. They look down upon the poor. The McGaritys girl just yesterday stood out there in the street eating from a bag of candy while a ring of hungry children watched her. I saw those children looking at her and crying in their hearts; and when she couldn’t eat any more she threw the rest down the sewer (下水道), why? Is it only because they have money? There is more to happiness than money in the world, is it here?Miss Jackson who teaches at the Settlement House isn’t rich, but she knows things. She understands people. Her eyes look straight into yours w hen she talks with yours, She can read your mind. I’d like to see the children will be like Miss Jackson when they grow up.71. This passage suggests that the writer______.A. is easy to get along withB. is never pleased with her neighborsC. is unhappy with the life they are livingD. is good at abserving and understanding people72. What can we learn about the McGarity girl?____.A. She is proud but honest.B. She is selfish and cruel.C. She is lonely but friedly.D. She lives in unhappy life.73. What can we learn about Miss Jackson?____,A. She is a serious lady.B. She is a strict teacher.C. She is a narrow-minded lady.D. She is a poor but kind teacher.74. The passage mainly tells us that______.A. money is the most important thingB. there is something more important than moneyC. we should look into their eyes while talking to peopleD. the more money you have, the less happy you would be75. Which of the following statements DOESN’T support the writer’s viewpoint(观点)___。
养猪学试题及答案百度一、单项选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. 猪的体温通常在多少度之间?A. 37.5-38.5B. 38.5-39.5C. 39.5-40.5D. 40.5-41.5答案:B2. 以下哪个不是猪的常见疾病?A. 猪瘟B. 猪流感C. 猪丹毒D. 猪脚气病答案:D3. 猪的妊娠期通常是多少天?A. 100-110天B. 110-120天C. 120-130天D. 130-140天答案:A4. 猪的饲料中通常不包含以下哪种成分?A. 玉米B. 大豆C. 鱼粉D. 骨粉答案:C5. 猪的断奶通常在多少周龄进行?A. 2-3周B. 3-4周C. 4-5周D. 5-6周答案:B6. 猪舍的通风对于猪的健康有多重要?A. 非常重要B. 重要C. 一般D. 不重要答案:A7. 猪的疫苗接种通常在什么时期进行?A. 出生时B. 断奶后C. 出栏前D. 任何时期答案:B8. 猪的饮水量通常与体重的比例是多少?A. 1:1B. 1:2C. 1:3D. 1:4答案:C9. 猪的体重增长速度与饲料的营养成分有直接关系吗?A. 有B. 没有C. 有时有D. 不确定答案:A10. 猪的粪便管理对于猪舍环境有多重要?A. 非常重要B. 重要C. 一般D. 不重要答案:A二、多项选择题(每题3分,共15分)1. 以下哪些措施可以提高猪的免疫力?A. 定期接种疫苗B. 提供充足的清洁饮水C. 定期消毒猪舍D. 限制猪的活动范围答案:ABC2. 猪的饲养管理中,以下哪些因素会影响猪的生长速度?A. 饲料质量B. 饲养密度C. 猪舍温度D. 猪的品种答案:ABCD3. 猪的繁殖管理中,以下哪些措施可以提高繁殖效率?A. 选择优良的种猪B. 定期进行健康检查C. 人工授精D. 限制母猪的产仔数量答案:ABC4. 猪舍设计中,以下哪些因素需要考虑?A. 通风系统B. 保温设施C. 防疫措施D. 猪舍的面积答案:ABCD5. 猪的疾病预防中,以下哪些措施是有效的?A. 定期消毒B. 隔离病猪C. 合理使用抗生素D. 定期更换饲料答案:ABC三、判断题(每题1分,共10分)1. 猪的饲料中不需要添加任何矿物质。
养禽学网上作业题答案第一章现代养禽一、概念题1.家禽生产的现代化答:以现代科学理论来规范和改进家禽生产的各个技术环节,用现代经济管理方法科学地组织和管理家禽生产,实现家禽业内部的专业化和各个环节的社会化;合理利用家禽的种质资源和饲料资源,建立合理的家禽业生产结构和生态系统;不断提高劳动生产率、禽蛋和肉的产品率和商品率,使家禽生产实现高产、优质、低成本的目标,2.曾祖代答:二系配套、三系配套或四系配套的纯系,能够稳定地遗传,并生产出祖代的鸡为曾祖代,通常由育种场育成,饲养在原种鸡场中。
3.祖代答:祖代鸡为曾祖代鸡的单性别,不能进行系间纯繁,只能用作品系间的杂交。
饲养在祖代鸡场中。
4.浓缩饲料答:按一定比例配合的动物饲料,少加一种或二种占饲料比例很大的常规成分,如玉米和豆粕,使其它的成分相对“浓缩”,称浓缩饲料。
5.原种禽场答:繁育体系中育种部分的一个单元,祖代鸡场饲养原种鸡,为祖代鸡场提供祖代鸡。
6.父母代种禽场答:繁育体系中制种部分的一个单元,父母代场饲养父母代鸡,为商品代鸡场提供商品代鸡。
7.商品代禽场答:是繁育体系中制种部分的最末一个单元,商品鸡场饲养商品代鸡,为市场提供商品鸡蛋。
8.现代鸡种分类法答:按经济用途将现代鸡种分为蛋鸡系和肉鸡系。
蛋鸡系专门用于生产商品蛋鸡的配套品系,按所产蛋壳颜色分为白壳蛋鸡褐壳蛋鸡、粉壳蛋鸡和绿壳蛋鸡。
肉鸡系专门用于生产肉用仔鸡的配套品系。
9.豁眼鹅答:原产于山东莱阳地区。
因集中产地在五龙河流域,所以,又称五龙鹅。
体型小而紧凑,全身羽毛洁白。
喙、胫、蹼均为橘黄色,成年鹅有橘黄色肉瘤。
眼三角形,眼睑淡黄色,两眼上眼睑处均有明显的疤状豁口。
一般在7~8月龄时产蛋。
在放牧条件下,年平均产蛋70枚,成年公鹅平均体重3 720~4 440克,母鹅3 120~3 820克;公母鹅配种比例1:5~7,种蛋受精率85%左右,受精蛋孵化率80%~85%。
母鹅利用年限3年。
10.狮头鹅答:是我国惟一的大型鹅种,因前额和颊侧肉瘤发达呈狮头状而得名。
畜牧网络考试题库和答案一、单项选择题1. 动物营养学研究的主要内容是()。
A. 动物生长发育规律B. 动物遗传育种原理C. 动物营养需要和饲料营养价值评定D. 动物饲养管理技术答案:C2. 饲料中的能量主要存在于()。
A. 粗纤维中B. 粗蛋白中C. 粗脂肪中D. 无氮浸出物中答案:C3. 以下哪种饲料不属于粗饲料()。
A. 干草B. 秸秆C. 玉米D. 豆粕答案:D4. 动物生长发育的两个高峰期是()。
A. 胚胎期和初生期B. 胚胎期和生长期C. 初乳期和生长期D. 初乳期和育成期答案:A5. 以下哪种维生素属于脂溶性维生素()。
A. 维生素BB. 维生素CC. 维生素DD. 维生素E答案:C6. 动物体内合成氨基酸的能力有限,必须从饲料中获得的氨基酸称为()。
A. 必需氨基酸B. 非必需氨基酸C. 限制性氨基酸D. 必需脂肪酸答案:A7. 以下哪种饲料不属于蛋白质饲料()。
B. 豆粕C. 玉米D. 血粉答案:C8. 动物体内合成能力有限,必须从饲料中获得的脂肪酸称为()。
A. 必需氨基酸B. 必需脂肪酸C. 非必需氨基酸D. 非必需脂肪酸答案:B9. 以下哪种饲料不属于能量饲料()。
A. 玉米C. 豆粕D. 鱼粉答案:C10. 动物营养学中,动物的维持需要是指()。
A. 动物生长发育的需要B. 动物繁殖的需要C. 动物生产产品的需要D. 动物维持生命活动的基本需要答案:D二、多项选择题1. 以下哪些因素会影响动物的采食量()。
A. 饲料的适口性B. 饲料的营养价值C. 动物的健康状况D. 环境温度答案:ABCD2. 以下哪些属于动物必需氨基酸()。
A. 赖氨酸B. 色氨酸C. 精氨酸D. 谷氨酸答案:AB3. 以下哪些因素会影响动物对饲料的消化率()。
A. 饲料的加工工艺B. 饲料的组成C. 动物的消化能力D. 饲料的储存条件答案:ABCD4. 以下哪些属于动物必需脂肪酸()。
A. 亚油酸B. 亚麻酸C. 油酸D. 棕榈酸答案:A5. 以下哪些属于动物的生长发育阶段()。
养猪学期末试题及答案答案:养猪学期末试题及答案一、选择题1.以下哪个品种是肉猪?A. 杜洛克猪B. 敖猪C. 皮猪D. 苏猪答案:A2.猪的种类主要分为几大类?A. 3B. 4C. 5D. 6答案:C3.以下哪种饲料适合猪?A. 草料B. 米糠D. 玉米答案:D4.猪的发情期一般是多久?A. 2天B. 5天C. 7天D. 10天答案:C5.以下哪个环境对猪的生长最有利?A. 温度20℃B. 温度10℃C. 温度30℃D. 温度15℃答案:A二、判断题1.生长期是猪生长最快的阶段。
2.猪的主要饲养方式分为散养和圈养两种。
答案:是3.猪只需要摄入足够的水分,不需要额外提供饮水设备。
答案:否4.猪只需要单一的饲料种类即可满足其营养需求。
答案:否5.猪只可以通过喂食草料来获得足够的营养。
答案:否三、简答题1.请简述猪只的饲养管理要点。
答:猪只的饲养管理要点包括合理的饲养环境、科学的饲养方式、定期的养猪防疫、精细化的饲养管理等。
合理的饲养环境包括良好的通风条件、适宜的温度和湿度,保证猪只舒适的生长环境;科学的饲养方式包括合理的饲料搭配、定量定时的喂养,确保猪只获得充足的营养;定期的养猪防疫包括对猪只进行疫苗接种、疾病的预防与控制等;精细化的饲养管理包括留意猪只的生长情况、体重变化等,及时调整饲料和管理措施。
2.请描述猪只的繁殖过程。
答:猪只的繁殖过程包括发情、交配、妊娠、分娩等环节。
猪只一般在7天左右进入发情期,此时母猪会发出特殊的叫声、兴奋和不安。
在发情期,配种员会选择合适的公猪进行交配,确保优良基因的传递。
成功交配后,母猪会进入妊娠期,妊娠期一般为115天左右。
妊娠期间需要注意母猪的饲养和管理,确保其获得充足的营养和良好的生长环境。
分娩一般发生在妊娠期结束后的几天内,母猪会分娩出小猪。
分娩完成后,需要进行适当的干预和管理,确保母猪和小猪的健康。
四、综合题1.请描述育肥猪的特点及其饲养管理要点。
答:育肥猪是指专门用于肉类生产的猪只,其特点主要包括生长速度快、肉质好、育肥期短等特点。
答案一、简答题1、畜牧业生产合理布局的意义?答:研究畜牧业生产合理布局,具有重大的现实意义。
合理地利用各地区自然经济资源,规划各地区畜牧业发展的方向,确定国家投资的分配比例,充分发挥各地区生产分工的优越性,改进和密切地区间的分工和协作关系;(1)正确指导各地区畜牧业生产,进而促进以畜产品为原料的轻工业以及商业、交通运输业的合理布局。
(2)对于各地区实现机械化和采用先进的科学技术,促进农牧业和整个国民经济的发展,都具有重要的意义。
2、经济核算的三种方法是什么?答:(1)会计核算是用货币形式,对企业生产过程进行系统完整地记载、计算、对比、总结和分析。
它是以货币为统一单位来反映和监督企业经济活动过程和经营成果的一种核算方法。
(2)业务核算是对企业的个别生产环节进行核算。
它是运用各种业务资料来反映企业经济活动的一种核算方法。
(3)统计核算是借助于会计核算、业务核算和它增加特有的方法多获得的资料,运用各种综合指标,在一定条件下,从质与量的密切联系来研究和分析大量的与个别的经济活动过程的一种核算方法。
3、动物产品的流通渠道三种类别答:(1)产销合一形式它是指产销直接联合的渠道。
如生产单位自设销售门市部出售自产产品。
(2)产销分离形式它是指由商业部门或商贩组织商品流通的全过程的渠道,简称商业渠道。
目前,它是动物性产品流通中的主要形式。
(3)产销联合形式它是指生产部门和商业部门共同组织商品流通过程的形式。
二、论述题1.如何理解畜牧业在国民经济中的基础地位?答:畜牧业在国民经济中有着重要的地位和作用,主要是:①提供肉、奶、蛋类等动物性食品。
②为工业提供羊毛、山羊绒、皮、鬃、兽骨、肠衣等原料。
③通过畜产品出口取得外汇。
④促进畜牧业投入品工业和畜产品加工业的发展,增加劳动就业机会。
⑤为农作物生产提供有机肥料。
⑥增加农民收入。
⑦为农业和交通运输业提供畜力。
⑧促进广大牧区的经济和文化发展,加强各民族间的团结农业和工业是国民经济中两大支柱型产业,我国的农业的主要组成部分是种植业和畜牧业.畜牧业在国民经济中的作用主要表现在:第一、我国幅员辽阔,地形地貌复杂,内陆高原地域广博,由于气候和自然条件、生态环境等多方面原因只适宜搞畜牧业.第二、畜牧业在我国已经发展成育种、饲养、加工、销售、工业牧业一体的贸易综合经营模式.我国加入世界贸易组织以后畜牧产品在扩大农产品出口创汇方面占有很大比例.第三、畜牧业是价格波动很大产业,畜牧业的价格大幅波动直接关系到我国国民经济健康平稳的发展.畜牧经济是国民经济的基础,稳定畜牧业,才能稳定住人们的生产生活水平.2、如何认识动物性产品市场营销策略的现实意义?答:动物性产品市场营销的主要策略一、动物性产品市场的开发策略市场开发——包括两方面的内容,即新市场的横向开拓和现有市场的纵向渗透。
东北农业大学成人教育学院考试题签养猪学(A)一、名词解释(每题3分,共15分)1、静立发情2、初乳3、现代化养猪生产4、断奶仔猪5、EBV二、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1、猪的泌乳力常常用()来表示。
A。
14日龄窝重B。
18日龄窝重C。
21日龄窝重D.28日龄窝重2、利用B超对母猪妊娠诊断时,检出率较高的时间是配种后的第( )。
A。
18天B。
21天C.25天D。
28天3、与我国地方猪种相比,主要引入猪种具有( )的种质特性。
A。
肉质优良B。
瘦肉率高C.耐粗饲D。
抗病性强4、初生仔猪在出生头3天内必须补铁,目的是为了()。
A.提高日增重B。
防止缺铁性贫血C.防止下痢D。
增强免疫力5、给仔猪喂开食料的适宜时间为()。
A。
1周龄B。
2周龄C.3周龄D.4周龄6、猪的不同饲喂方式效果最好的是()A、粒料B、湿拌料C、干粉料D、稀粥料7、哺乳仔猪对温度的要求是()A、25—30 oCB、20-23 oCC、15-18 oCD、30-35oC8、猪囊尾蚴病主要感染().A、猪、人B、牛C、羊D、鸡9、猪生殖和呼吸综合症是由()引进的。
A、细菌B、病毒C、放线茵D、真菌10、母猪妊娠期平均为( )。
A、90天B、105天C、114天D、120天二、判断题(每题1分,共15分)1、母猪分娩过程中一般不吃食,分娩完毕后,要马上喂给大量混合精料,特别是饼类,以补充能量消耗。
()2、母猪产前3-5天,对膘情好的母猪应适当减料,以防产后乳汁过浓而患乳房炎或使初生仔猪因消化不良而拉稀。
()3、猪水泡病的易感动物只是猪。
( )4、猪料生喂可预防饲料中毒。
()5、仔猪自身抗体系统在10日龄后会产生。
( )6、猪瘟的剖检症状,脾脏肿大,边缘有梗死灶.()7、母猪靠视觉识别仔猪。
( )8、饲喂种公猪的饲料要尽量减少日粮的体积,防止形成草腹。
( )9、猪喜欢吃甜食。
()10、杜洛克猪是我国地方优良品种。
()11、种猪饲养膘情越肥越好。
注:装订线内禁止答题,装订线外禁止有姓名和其他标记。
东北农业大学网络教育学院在职高升专期末测试题23212150 大学英语1一、单项选择题(每题1分,共30题)1. Being spoiled, the girl could do ________ boiling eggs when his parents were out.A. less thanB. no more thanC. no less thanD. none other than2. -- Hello. Is Doctor Smith in?-- Yes. But I’m sorry. He’s lying ill in bed, ___________ move about.A. is not able toB. being unable toC. being not able toD. unable to3. There were sun-beds and sun-shades _____ shades the entire length of the beach.A.along B.across C.through D.over4. I certainly appreciate ________ about the delay in delivering the materials because we had planned to begin work tomorrow.A. him tellB. he tellsC. his tellingD. him to tell5. It is a great for a person to be able to drive when he is seeking a job.A.advantage B.chance C.fun D.importance6. -How do you find your missing pen?-Wow, .A. It writes wellB. Quite by chanceC. It lies in my drawerD. It was kept by my grandfather7. One’s outlook cannot but _______ in what one says and does.A. coming outB. come roundC. come throughD. come to8. The Chang’e I lesson is that national goals can be met there is a strong enough will to do so.A. whereB. thoughC. beforeD. until9. There are many things whose misuse is dangerous, but it is hard to think of anything that can be compared__________ cigarette products.A inB withC amongD by10. The _________ is working on the house today,A carpenterB plumberC masonD electrician11. where to stand, and I’ll move the world.A. GivenB. If givenC. Give meD. Giving me12. Give me your telephone number__________I need your help.Awhether B unless Cso that D in case13. Sorry.At no time in this building,sirA.is smoking permitted B.smoking is permittedC.does smoking permit D.smoking does permit14. I didn’t hand in my term paper yesterday although I ________ . That’s why I feel so guilty now.A. wouldB. shouldC. had toD. had better15. The project won’t carry on we can get financial aid from the government.A.unless B.though C.whether D.until16. Today, housework has been made much easier by electrical __________.A. facilitiesB. appliancesC. equipmentD. instruments注:装订线内禁止答题,装订线外禁止有姓名和其他标记。
2020年东北农业大学网络教育学院在职高升专英语参考答案东北农业大学网络教育学院在职高升专期末测试题23212150 大学英语1一、单项选择题(每题1分,共30题)1. Being spoiled, the girl could do ________ boiling eggs when his parents were out.A. less thanB. no more thanC. no less thanD. none other than2. -- Hello. Is Doctor Smith in?-- Yes. But I’m sorry. He’s lying ill in bed, ___________ move about.A. is not able toB. being unable toC. being not able toD. unable to3. There were sun-beds and sun-shades _____ shades the entire length of the beach.A.along B.across C.through D.over4. I certainly appreciate ________ about the delay in delivering the materials because we had planned to begin work tomorrow.A. him tellB. he tellsC. his tellingD. him to tell5. It is a great for a person to be able to drive when he is seeking a job.A.advantage B.chance C.fun D.importance6. -How do you find your missing pen?-Wow, .A. It writes wellB. Quite by chanceC. It lies in my drawerD. It was kept by my grandfather7. One’s outlook cannot but _______ in what one says and does.A. coming outB. come roundC. come throughD. come to8. The Chang’e I lesson is that national goals can be met there is a strong enough will to do so.A. whereB. thoughC. beforeD. until9. There are many things whose misuse is dangerous, but it is hard to think of anything that can be compared __________ cigarette products.A inB withC amongD by10. The _________ is working on the house today,A carpenterB plumberC masonD electrician11. where to stand, and I’ll move the world.A. GivenB. If givenC. Give meD. Giving me12. Give me your telephone number__________I need your help.Awhether B unless Cso that D in case13. Sorry.At no time in this building,sirA.is smoking permitted B.smoking is permittedC.does smoking permit D.smoking does permit14. I didn’t hand in my term paper yesterday although I ________ . That’s why I feel so guilty now.A. wouldB. shouldC. had toD. had better15. The project won’t carry on we can get financial aid from the government.A.unless B.though C.whether D.until16. Today, housework has been made much easier by electrical __________.A. facilitiesB. appliancesC. equipmentD. instruments17. I would appreciate if you could give me a lift to the Lakefront SchoolA.that B.it C.you D.one18. I advised her that in the presence of the princess she should not say anything until _______.A. being askedB. askedC. to be askedD. having been asked19. Do you think the reason ________ he gave is believable?A. for whichB. whichC. whyD. what20. -What do you think of Johnny’s latest novel?-Well ,I was really attracted by the first half of it ,but quite boring.A.others were B.the others were C.the rest were D.the rest was21. Although he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field, he succeeded ________ other more well - informed experimenters failed.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. where22. It’s believed that children with singl e parents at my school were .A.a few B.few C.in the minority D.for the minority23. -I’m sorry, I shouldn’t have been so rude to you.-You ________ your temper but that’s OK.A. have lostB. had lostC. did loseD. were losing24. F ran is an honest girl; I say it, ___________ I don’t like her.A. even thoughB. as ifC. as long asD. as though25. I think that this meal was well worth ________ was charged for it.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. how many26. Professor Zhang gave all the textbooks to all the pupils, except ________ who had already taken them.A. theseB. onesC. the onesD. the others27. My mother asked me to repeat ___________ telephone number ___________ second time so that she could write it down.A. the ; aB. an ; theC. an ; aD. the ; the28. ________ he is ,he seldom shows his precious coins to others.A. Coin -collector asB. As a coin -collectorC. A coin- collector asD. Coin- collector that29. I bought a new type of cell-phone, which was the ___________ of all my classmate.A. admireB. wishC. respectD. envy30. When he was running across the field, he _________a log.A fell downB fell offC fell intoD fell over二、阅读理解(每题10分,共5题)Reading Comprehension:(A)So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning , they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that“ reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible”.Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also public activity. It can be seen and observed.Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private ,for learning is an occupation of the mind ,and that process is not open to public scrutiny.If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable ,what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest(探索)for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a mean ingful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children. ”When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher fulfil them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of leaning to read by reading.31.The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that ________.A. it is one of the most difficult school coursesB. students spend endless hours in readingC. reading tasks are assigned with little guidanceD. too much time is spent in teaching about reading32.The teaching of reading will be successful if ________.A. teachers can improve conditions at school for the studentsB. teachers can enable students to develop their own way of readingC. teachers can devise the most effcient system for readingD. teachers can make their teaching activities observable33.The underlined word“ scrutiny” most probably means“________”.A. inquiryB. observationC. controlD. suspicion34.According to the passage, learning to read will no longer be a difficult task when ________.A. children become highly motivatedB. teacher and learner roles are interchangeableC. teaching helps children in the search for knowledgeD. reading enriches children’s experience35.The main idea of the passage is that ________.A. teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to readB. teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possibleC. reading ability is something acquired rather than taughtD. reading is more complicated that generally believedReading Comprehension:(B)Animals other than humans have not developed communications comparable to human language. But is it possible that other animals have the capacity to learn a language if they are adequately taught? Obviously, this is a fascination notion. The idea of communicating directly with another species has long been a part of human folklore and children’s fantasies. But on a scientific level, the question of whether animals can learn a language is important primarily because it relates to the controversy()between the cognitive and the learning approaches to language. If language is dependent on and is actually an outgrowth of the intellectual structure of the human mind, there is the strong supposition that only humans are capable of using language. Therefore, Noam Chomsky and other psycholinguists have argued that only humans can learn a language, while most behaviorists feel that with sufficient patience it should be possible to teach an animal some sort of language. Although the two schools of thought clearly differ on this point, it is not really a crucial test of the two theories. If a chimpanzee can master a simple language all it would mean is that the chimp’s intellectual capacity and brain structure are more similar to ours than we thought. It would not necessarily imply that our intellectual structure is unimportant in our own mastery of language. Thus, teaching an animal language is an impressive demonstration of the power of learning techniques, but it is not evidence that language is developed entirely through learning.On the other hand, the question of whether other animals can learn a language is fascination in its own right, aside from its value as a test of the two theories of language development. Accordingly, whatever one’s position on the theoretica l dispute, we must consider training an animal to use language a dramatic accomplishment.36.Which of the following statements is the view of psycholinguists?A.The cognitive view of language learning says that only human beings can learn language because itis an outgrowth of the structure of the human mind.B.Other animals simply could master a language.C.The animals intellectual capacity is much better than human beings.nguage is developed by learning.37.The behaviorists’ view is that __________.nguage is actually an outgrowth of intellectual structure of the animal’s mindB.animals have not developed communications systemC.given enough patience, a man should be able to teach an animal some sort of languageD.only human beings can learn language38.That an animal can master a simple language means that __________.A.human’s intellectual structure is not importantB.animals’ intellectual capacity and brain structure are more similar to the humans’C.the learning techniques are much more importantnguage is developed completely by learning39.The main idea of paragraph two is ___________.A.teaching a chimp language is not crucial test of the two theoriesB.their brain structure is not similar to humaning various methods to let the chimp master a languageD.training a nonhuman to use language is an amazing accomplishment40.The best title for this passage would be _________.A.Animals’ languageB.Human’s languageC.Teaching Animals’ LanguageD.Can Other Animals Acquire Language?Reading Comprehension:(C)Disraeli was as sparkling a letter-writer as he was a novelist. His letters show that his capacity to observed was matched only by his ability to describe, and they are excited by his over-developed sense of self-dramatization as well as by his enduring sense of the greatness of his own destiny. He skims through these pages like some gorgeous bird of paradise, spreading his multi-colored feathers and never pausing long enough to become boring.As early as 1830, when only 26, he is found advising Benjamin Austin to carefully conserve his letters for posterity. Fortunately Austin and others followed his advicA. As a result over 10,000 letters in his own hand have survived, quite apart from dictated letters and other notes and documents. Disraeli rarely kept a diary, and poured his thoughts, desires and reflections into his correspondencA.What treasures there lie in store! We leave him 1837 with his longed-for election to Parliament, but ahead come into view the high peaks of his career with the twin mountains of his two premierships and his friendship with the Queen. Lord Esher maintained that the letters between Disraeli and Queen Victoria had largely been destroyed, but this was not so. A new, bright and searching light will eventually shine on that extraordinary political and romantic friendship.41. This passage appears to be written by _______.A a friend of Disraeli'sB a contemporary of Disraeli'sC a literary criticD an autobiographer42. ...his capacity to observe was matched only by his ability to describA... meansA he was as accomplished an observer as he was a descriptive writerB his capacity to observe and his ability to describe were unrivalledC he was capable of adapting descriptions to fit his observationsD his observations and descriptions reflected his own personal ambitions43. During his lifetime Disraeli pursued the career of _______.A a correspondentB a politicianC a novelistD a consultant44. Even as a young man Disraeli realized that one day his letters would be _______.A antiquatedB well-connectedC destroyedD widely-read45. Disraeli's two premierships and his friendship with the Queen are described as being _______.A obstacles to surmountB unsurmountable obstaclesC pinnacles of successD impossible challengesReading Comprehension:(D)It is said that the public and Congressional concern about deceptive packaging rumpus started because Senator Hart discovered that the boxes of cereals consumed by him, Mrs. Hart, and their children were becoming higher and narrower, with a decline of net weight from 12 to 10 1/2 ounces, without any reduction in price. There were still twelve biscuits, but they had been reduced in size. Later, the Senator rightly complained of a store-bought pie in a handsomely illustrated box that pictured, in a single slice, almost as many cherries as there were in the whole pie.The manufacturer who increases the unit price of his product by changing his package size to lower the quantity delivered can, without undue hardship, put his product into boxes, bags, and tins that will contain even 4-ounce, 8-ounce, one-pound, two-pound quantities of breakfast foods, cake mixes, etC. A study of drugstore and supermarket shelves will convince any observers that all possible sizes and shapes of boxes, jars, bottles, and tins are in use at the same time, and, as the package journals show, week by week, there is never any hesitation in introducing a new size and shape of box or bottle when it aids in product differentiation. The producers of packaged products argue strongly against changing sizes of packages to contain even weights and volumes, but no one in the trade comments unfavorably on the huge costs incurred by endless changes of package sizes, materials, shape, art work, and net weights that are used for improving a product's market position.When a packaging expert explained that he was able to multiply the price of hard sweets by 2.5, from $1 to $ 2.5 by changing to a fancy jar, or that he had made a 5-ounce bottle look as though it held 8 ounces, he was in effect telling the public that packaging can be a very expensive luxury. It evidently does come high, when an average filmily pays about $ 200 a year from bottles, cans, boxes, jars and other containers, most of which can't be used for anything but stuffing the garbage can.46 What started the public and Congressional concern about deceptive packaging rumpus?A Consumers' complaints about the changes in package size.B Expensive packaging for poor quality products.C A Senator's discovery of the tricks in packaging.D The rise in the unit price for many products.47. The word "undue" (ParA. 2)means___________.A improperB adequateC unexpectedD excessive48. Consumers are concerned about the changes in package size mainly because___________.A they hate to see any changes in things they are familiar withB the unit price for a product often rises as a resultC they have to pay for the Cost of changing package sizesD this entails an increase in the cost of packaging49. According to this passage, various types of packaging come into existence to___________.A meet the needs of consumersB suit all kinds of productsC enhance the market position of productsD introduce new products50. The author is critical mainly of___________.A dishonest packagingB inferior packagingC tbe changes in package sizeD exaggerated illustration on packagesReading Comprehension:(E)Between about 1910 and 1930, new artistic movements in European art were making themselves felt in the United States. American artists became acquainted with the new art on their trips to Paris and at the exhibitions in the famous New York gallery “291”( named after its address on Fifth Avenue) of the photographer Alfred Stieglitz. But most important in the spread of the modern movements in the United States was the sensational Armory Show of the 1913 held in New York, in which the works of many of the leading European artists were seen along with the works of a number of progressive American painters.Several of the American modernists who were influenced by the Armory Show found the urban landscape, especially New York, an appealing subject. Compared with the works of the realist painters, the works of American modernists were much further removed from the actual appearance of the city; they were more interested in the “feel “ of the city, more concerned with the meaning behind appearance. However, both th e painters of the Ash Can School” and the later realists were still tied to nineteenth-century or earlier styles, while the early modernists shared in the international breakthroughs of the art of the twentieth century.The greatest of these breakthroughs was Cubism, developed most fully in France between 1907 and 1914, which brought about a major revolution in Western painting. It overturned the regional tradition that had been built upon since the Renaissance. In cubism, natural forms were broken down analytically into geometric shapes. No longer was a clear differentiation made between the figure and the background of a painting: the objects represented and the surface on which they were painted became one. The Cubists abandoned the conventional single vantage point of the viewer, and objects depicted from multiple viewpoints were shown at the same way.51.What’s the main topic of the passage?A.Modern art movements in the United States.B.The great influence of Cubism.C.Several American modernists found urban landscape an appealing subject.D.Contemporary artists in the United States.52.Which of the following is not mentioned as a means through which American artists learned about new movements?A.Trips to Paris.B.Lectures by European artists.C.The exhibitions in th e famous New York gallery “291”.D.The sensational Armory Show in 1913.53.What was exhibited on the sensational Armory Show of 1913 in New York?A.Works of many leading European artists as well as works of many progressive American painters.B.Works of all the European artists and American painters.C.Works of a number of American modernists and painters of the “Ash Can School”.D.Works of European artists only.54.According to the author, which of the following was a major new movement in twentieth-century art?A. Impressionism.B. Cubism.C. The rational tradition.D. Realism.55.What do we know about Cubism?A.It made a clear differentiation between the figure and the background of a painting.B.Natural forms were broken down analytically into shape of a square.C.The object represented and the surface on which they were painted became one.D.The Cubists preserved the conventional single vantage point of the viewer.三、完形填空(每题20分,共1题)Family time is one of the most important times in a child’s life.My family and I 56 a lot of time together,including every 57 .Even when my father is 58 on business,my mother,my sister,and I sit down at the table to eat and 59 our day.We don’t watch television but have60 together.As a teenager, 61 with my parents is not the most fun thing I do but I feel it is necessary.I learn from them 62 we talk, whether it is about my dad’s job or my mother’s day.I did a little research on the “family table” 63 .Statistics show that only 50% of 64 sit down to dinner together each night.That’s a 65 ,because researchers 66 that kids who have these regular family dinners have 67 behavior,grades,and a larger vocabulary.They are also less 68 to smoke,drink,do drugs,or have eating disorders Time with their parents makes kids more 69 and gives them a sense of 70 and safety.Plus,they learn better manners.Now with many single-parent families or homes 71 both parents work,making time together has become harder.There have been many recent studies showing kids are“ 72 ”than they used to be.I think it’s primarily parents’ 73 .Only good things 74 taking 15 minutes away from television andfive minutes from video games to have this time with your family.By spending 20 minutes with 75 ,I believe this idea of “wild kids” would decrease grea tly.56.A.spend B.pass C.take D.cost57.A.morning B.dinner C.weekend D.party58.A.away B.lonely C.back D.alone59.A.welcome B memorize C.discuss D.remember60.A.snacks B.meal C.sports D.fun61.A.putting up B.getting up C.keeping up D.hanging out62.A.every time B.before C.some time D.since63.A.plan B.manner C.idea D.project64.A.parents B.sisters C.brothers D.families65.A.wonder B.shame C.miracle D.worry66.A.suppose B.claim C.assume D doubt67.A.higher B.worse C.lower D.better68.A.unlikely B.probably C.likely D.impossibly69.A.stubborn B.nervous C.silent D.stable70.A.belonging B.anxiety C.honor D.achievement71.A.whose B.where C.that D.which72.A.smarter B.quicker C.wilder D.slower73.A.duty B.fault C.power D.burden74.A.come out B.contribute to C.come from D.result in75.A.the other B.another one C.the rest D.each other一、1. C2. D3. A4. C5. A精品资料6. A7. C8. A9. B 10. C11. C 12. D 13. A 14. C 15. A 16. B 17. B 18. B 19. B 20. D 21. D 22. C 23. C 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. A 29. D 30. D二、31. A 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. A 36. B 37. A 38. D 39. C 40. C41. D 42. A 43. B 44. D 45. C46.A 47.C 48.D 49. C 50.A51. A 52.C 53.A 54.B 55.D三、56. A 57.B 58.A 59.C 60.D61. D 62.A 63.D 64.D 65.B66. B 67.D 68.C 69.D 70.A71. B 72.C 73.B 74.C 75.D仅供学习与交流,如有侵权请联系网站删除谢谢11。
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《养猪技术(一村一)》题库及答案一一、名词解释(每小题4分,共20分)1.限制性氨基酸2.经济杂交3.应激4.饲养标准5.免疫程序二、填空(每空2分,共20分)1.工厂化养猪中五阶段饲养和四阶段饲养的不同之处是,把商品猪再分为一-----和----- 两个阶段。
2.构成____ 的基本单位是氨基酸;一--------一是猪的第一限制性氨基酸。
3.母猪的繁殖周期包括____ 、____和____三个阶段。
4.猪舍的光照根据光源不同可分为一-------和____。
5.在分娩舍为了满足母猪和仔猪不同的温度需要,常采用集中供暖维持分娩舍舍温约------ ℃。
三、单项选择题(每小题2分,共20分)1.下列不属于生产瘦猪肉的品种是( )。
A.长白猪 B.太湖猪C汉普夏猪 D.杜洛克猪2.猪体的骨骼、肌肉、脂肪等组织的生长发育是有其自身规律的。
从骨骼、肌肉、脂肪的发育过程来看,( )最先发育最先停止。
A.肌肉 B.骨骼C脂肪.D.同时3.由皮肤内的7一脱氢胆固醇经日光中紫外线照射后形成的维生素是( )。
A.维生素A B.维生素BC.维生索D3 D.维生素K4.猪的发情周期为( )。
A.10—23天 B.18—30天C 10~30天 D.18—23天5.温热环境诸因素中的核心因素是( )。
A.气湿 B.太阳辐射C.气温 D.气流6.机体不能合成、必须从饲料中获得的3种不饱和脂肪酸,营养上称为必需脂肪酸,下列不属于必需脂肪酸的是( )。
A.亚油酸(十八碳二烯酸) B.亚麻酸(十八碳三烯酸)C花生油酸(二十碳四烯酸) D.棕榈酸7.下列气体中不属于猪舍中有毒有害气体的是( )。
作业题一参考答案1、说明地方品种、引入品种、培育品种三者各有哪些特点?答:1)地方品种特点地方品种猪母性强、发情明显、繁殖力高、肉质好、适应本地条件、抗逆性强、能利用大量青粗饲料等优点;2)引入品种特点品种外形整齐、体躯结构理想、生长发育、腹围小增重速度快和饲料报酬高。
3)培育品种特点个体高大皮肤薄,体质较细致紧凑,采食量大,并能适应当地饲养管理系件;繁殖力高,抗逆性强,肉质鲜嫩。
培育猪种能耐受青粗饲料。
肌纤维较细,肌肉纹理好,系水力强,pH值高,肌间脂肪含量高,无应激综合症和PSE猪肉。
2、说明为什么要利用品种(或品系)间杂交而不是利用纯种(系)繁殖生产商品猪。
答:因为品种猪和品系间基因很有差距性,但是利用纯种品种杂交不一定出现繁殖生产商品猪,生产商品猪的基因良好性达不到商品猪的基因良好数。
3、为什么说母猪妊娠期的营养(能量)水平过高不利于提高母猪繁殖力?答:妊娠期采用高营养水平饲喂措施将降低胚胎成活率.在妊娠期首20-30天限制饲喂似乎能够改善胚胎的成活率和窝仔数.这是因为饲料采食量增加能够增加肝脏血流量和增加孕激素的代谢清除率,从而降低胚胎成活和生长。
4、根据仔猪的生理特点,说明吃好初乳、保温、补料等饲养管理措施的重要性。
答:1)仔猪出生几小时内能吸收初乳中含有的免疫球蛋白,正常情况下免疫球蛋白在消化道中被酶分解。
此时未被分解的直接从肠壁中吸收。
仔猪血液中免疫球蛋白含量是由于吃初乳出生8-12小时达到最高峰,然后逐渐减少。
同时,仔猪体内自身免疫是出生后逐渐增加代替初乳中获得的免疫作用。
初乳中蛋白质含量高是因为其中含有的免疫球蛋白含量高,对仔猪来说吃初乳是非常重要的。
这是因为初乳中含有免疫球蛋白,可提高仔猪的存活率。
分娩时g 球蛋白含量占初乳中蛋白质含量的一半,第一天急剧下降逐渐变成富乳。
免疫球蛋白是通过仔猪的肠壁直接吸收,但经24小时后吸收的量非常少,最好能在初生后3小时内吃到初乳。
抗体主要是通过初乳供给,常乳中虽然也含有少量抗体,但只能获得一小部分,初乳中供给的抗体是直接吸收后进入血液中,但常乳中的免疫球蛋白由于肠壁封闭,不能直接吸收,在肠壁表面上阻止细菌的繁殖、发育。
仔猪初生后3小时内迅速吃到初乳并能吃到40-60克初乳的话,大部分仔猪都能获得抵抗病原微生物的免疫球蛋白量。
2)仔猪体温调节功能皮下脂肪沉积少(体重的1%)被毛少单位体重的体表面积大初生仔猪脂肪层薄,被毛稀疏,保温能力低,适应环境应激能力差。
所以为了提高新生仔猪的存活率,从分娩开始至少有5-6小时的护理。
首先要用保温灯提高分娩舍地板温度。
这样可避免低温应激,提高哺乳仔猪的存活率。
3)补料的重要性。
发挥仔猪最大生产潜能减少断奶应激5、为什么目前肥育猪的“适宜出栏体重”在90〜120千克。
答:因为据生长育肥猪的生长发育规律,猪的体重越小,增重速度越快,饲料效率越高,但生长发育到70〜80千克左右时,生长速度则相对稳定;随后体重的增加、增重速度、饲料效率和胴体瘦肉率逐渐降低,而单位增重的耗料量、屠宰率和胴体脂肪含量则逐增高,在人们的不断探索中,有人提出了不同类型商品生长育肥猪的参考出栏体重标准:瘦肉型二元商品杂交猪为85〜95千克左右;瘦肉型三元商品杂交猪为95〜105千克左右;配套系杂优猪为115〜120千克左右。
作业题二参考答案(以下为答案要点)1、说明地方品种、引入品种、培育品种三者各有哪些特点。
答:1)地方品种特点地方品种猪母性强、发情明显、繁殖力高、肉质好、适应本地条件、抗逆性强、能利用大量青粗饲料等优点;2)引入品种特点品种外形整齐、体躯结构理想、生长发育、腹围小增重速度快和饲料报酬高。
3)培育品种特点个体高大皮肤薄,体质较细致紧凑,采食量大,并能适应当地饲养管理系件;繁殖力高,抗逆性强,肉质鲜嫩。
培育猪种能耐受青粗饲料。
肌纤维较细,肌肉纹理好,系水力强,pH值高,肌间脂肪含量高,无应激综合症和PSE猪肉。
2、说明经济杂交的作用,与二元杂交相比,三元杂交有哪些优点?答:三元杂交猪可以充分发挥上一代种猪的高繁殖性能、高瘦肉率和快速生长特性。
一是瘦肉率高,三元杂交猪和配套系猪瘦肉率一般为60—67%,而普通猪瘦肉率一般为50%左右。
二是饲料报酬高。
三是适应性强,抗病力强。
3、说明影响“出栏率”的主要因素有哪些?为什么说“出栏率”是评价养猪生产水平的重要指标?答:影响“出栏率”的主要因素有1)仔猪的初生重和断奶重:仔猪的初生重和断奶重与其肥育期间的增重呈正相关。
2)重视营养合理配制日粮,生长肥育猪的粗蛋白质,体重25〜60kg为16%, 60kg 以后14%。
生长肥育猪粗纤维的水平以6%左右为宜,粗纤维超过最高界限就会降低营养物质的消化利用率。
3)采用科学的饲养技术如兼顾日增重和瘦肉率,前期(体重60kg前)可采用不限量饲喂,后期(60kg以后)采用限量饲喂。
生喂效果优于熟喂,干喂优于稀喂。
“出栏率”是评价养猪生产水平的重要指标是因为出栏率越高,猪场的利用率越高。
4)加强管理合理组群耐心调教适宜的圈养密度适时去势消毒与免疫驱虫。
5)改善环境猪舍内环境状况直接影响猪的健康和生产水平,主要环境因素包括温度、湿度、气流、光照、灰尘、微生物、有害气体、噪声、圈养密度和群居环境等。
为猪群创造适宜的生存和生产环境,必须重视猪舍的防寒采暖、防热降温、通风换气、防潮排水、采光照明等。
6)利用杂交优势猪的品种间或品系间杂交,利用杂种优势是提高肥育效果和经济效益的重要措施,杂种生长肥育猪生活力强、增重快、饲料利用效率高、生产成本低,养肥猪就要养杂种肥猪。
4、妊娠母猪的饲养管理中应注意哪些问题?答:饲喂注意事项根据天气及气候情况,适当增减饲料喂量;加料不可过快,以免饲料溢出料槽导致浪费;加料铲应有一定标准,应定期测量一铲料的重量,每个人对此应有充分的了解;每天检查饲料质量和颜色、颗粒状态等,发现异常及时报告技术人员;对偏瘦和非常瘦的母猪,饲料采食量要相应增加。
因过多体蛋白的损耗还会导致母猪返情的推迟,甚至于母猪不再发情。
5、根据肉猪的生长发育规律说明生长肥育猪采食量、增重速度和饲料报酬间的关系。
答:1)体重的增长规律:在正常的饲料条件、饲养管理条件下,猪体的每月绝对增重,是随着年龄的增长而增长,而每月的相对增重(当月增重♦月初增重义100),是随着年龄的增长而下降,到了成年则稳定在一定的水平。
2)饲料:饲料对增重影响很大。
一是饲料数量的影响,猪吃的多,生长快,如60斤的小猪,日食5斤精料可长2斤体重,吃4斤料,只能长1.4斤。
当然过多也会造成浪费。
另一个是饲料品质的影响,如小猪日粮中所含蛋白质水平和氨基酸的种类,比例是否完全平衡。
如粗蛋白水平18%,比14%的增重快,同时用混合饲料比单一饲料喂猪增重快。
3)年龄:按单位体重的增重率计,年龄越小,增重速度越快,年公斤增重耗料越少。
例如10公斤仔猪,每月增重7公斤,增重率70%,肉料比1:2.1公斤;80公斤的大猪,每月增重20公斤,重率只有25%,肉料比1:3.4,所以小猪阶段比大猪增重大,效益好。
作业题三参考答案1、我国与养猪发达国家相比,养猪生产水平的差距主要表现在那些方面?主要原因有那些?答:我国与养猪发达国家相比,养猪生产水平的差距主要表现在饲料原料不足,环境遭到污染,畜产品药物残留严重,产业规模化不足,猪肉加工工艺、技术和设备与国际差距甚远,转基因产品检测技术差距更大。
主要原因有人口持续增长形而上学巨大压力,资源匮乏渐成瓶颈。
环保问题成为新挑战,科学研究和推广不力,病情复杂化,信息水平薄弱。
2、说明民猪、太湖猪和长白猪、大白猪、杜洛克猪的性能特点。
答:1)民猪特点东北民猪具有产仔多、肉质好、抗寒、耐粗饲的突出优点,受到国内外的重视。
2)太湖猪特点体型中等,胴体瘦肉率,较低太湖猪性成熟早。
杂交利用太湖母猪产仔率高,抗病能力强,耐粗料,饲养报酬高等优点。
3)长白猪特点长白猪生产性能高。
遗传性稳定,一般配合力好,杂交效果显著,所以,在国内各地广泛用做杂交的父本,其杂种表现生长快,省饲料,胴体瘦肉率高,颇受群众欢迎。
4)大白猪特点大白猪的体质和适应性优于长白猪。
法系、丹系大白猪繁殖性能高,适合作母本,英系大白猪适合作杂交父本。
大白猪是世界著名的瘦肉型白色猪种,具有繁殖性能好,生长速度快,饲料转化率高,胴体瘦肉率较高的优点。
但对饲料条件要求较高,蹄质不够坚实。
大白猪营养要求高于我国地方品种或杂交猪,生长肥育期的粗蛋白质水平需要达到16-18%。
5)杜洛克猪特点杜洛克猪具有体质结实,生长速度快,饲料转化率高,胴体瘦肉率较高;性情温顺,抗寒,适应性强。
但繁殖性能较低,部分猪体躯较短。
杜洛克猪营养要求高于我国地方品种或杂交猪,生长肥育期的粗蛋白质水平需要达到16-18%。
3、说明为什么要利用品种(或品系)间杂交而不是利用纯种(系)繁殖生产商品猪。
答:因为品种猪和品系间基因很有差距性,但是利用纯种品种杂交不一定出现繁殖生产商品猪,生产商品猪的基因良好性达不到商品猪的基因良好数。
4、根据仔猪的生理特点,说明吃好初乳、保温、补料等饲养管理措施的重要性。
答:答:1)仔猪出生几小时内能吸收初乳中含有的免疫球蛋白,正常情况下免疫球蛋白在消化道中被酶分解。
此时未被分解的直接从肠壁中吸收。
仔猪血液中免疫球蛋白含量是由于吃初乳出生8-12小时达到最高峰,然后逐渐减少。
同时,仔猪体内自身免疫是出生后逐渐增加代替初乳中获得的免疫作用。
初乳中蛋白质含量高是因为其中含有的免疫球蛋白含量高,对仔猪来说吃初乳是非常重要的。
这是因为初乳中含有免疫球蛋白,可提高仔猪的存活率。
分娩时g球蛋白含量占初乳中蛋白质含量的一半,第一天急剧下降逐渐变成富乳。
免疫球蛋白是通过仔猪的肠壁直接吸收,但经24小时后吸收的量非常少,最好能在初生后3小时内吃到初乳。
抗体主要是通过初乳供给,常乳中虽然也含有少量抗体,但只能获得一小部分,初乳中供给的抗体是直接吸收后进入血液中,但常乳中的免疫球蛋白由于肠壁封闭,不能直接吸收,在肠壁表面上阻止细菌的繁殖、发育。
仔猪初生后3小时内迅速吃到初乳并能吃到40-60克初乳的话,大部分仔猪都能获得抵抗病原微生物的免疫球蛋白量。
2)仔猪体温调节功能皮下脂肪沉积少(体重的1%)被毛少单位体重的体表面积大初生仔猪脂肪层薄,被毛稀疏,保温能力低,适应环境应激能力差。
所以为了提高新生仔猪的存活率,从分娩开始至少有5-6小时的护理。
首先要用保温灯提高分娩舍地板温度。
这样可避免低温应激,提高哺乳仔猪的存活率。
3)补料的重要性。
发挥仔猪最大生产潜能减少断奶应激5、举例说明影响猪的胴体品质和肉质的因素有那些。
答:一、遗传因素1)猪的品种不同的猪品种、品系及其杂交品种,在肉品质方面是有差别的。