宾语从句讲解及练习
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宾语从句一、宾语从句的概念宾语从句即句子作宾语,而不再是一个词或短语作宾语。
I like my teacher.(名词作宾语)I know him .(代词作宾语)I know Mr Li teaches English. (句子作宾语)包含宾语从句的句子结构:主句+连接词(引导词)+宾语从句二、宾语从句三要素(一)连接词①that 用于一般陈述句之中Eg: You are right. -- > I think you are right.②whether/if 用于一般疑问句之中whether/if的区别:A.与or not连用只能用whetherB.介词后只能用whetherC.与to do不定式连用只能用whetherD.作主语放句首只能用whether用于条件状语从句中,当“如果”讲只能用ifEg: Are you right ? -- > I wonder whether / if you are right.③连接代词who whom whose what which (做adj.)连接副词when why where how用于特殊疑问句之中Eg: What did you do ? -- She asked what you had done ?(二)语序:陈述句语序即:陈述句结构(主+谓+连接词+主+谓+其他成分)She asked what you had done ?三、时态(时态一致性)1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时,宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定,可以是任意时态。
2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)。
例如:3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理,即使主句用了过去时,从句仍用现在时态。
四、宾语从句与简单句的转换①当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是hope, wish, decide, agree, choose 等时,从句可简化为不定式结构。
宾语从句【直接引语变间接引语】直接引语变间接引语就是将引语部分写成宾语从句或动词不定式短语,要注意以下几点:人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句的语序。
句型变化:(注意引导词)B.2、主句是一般过去时态时,从句时态用相应的过去时。
3、若从句为客观理论、自然现象或永恒不变的规律时,不受主句时态限制,从句仍用一般现在时。
C. 人称变化:如果直接引语中的人称是转述人本身,必须改为与转述人一致的人称代词。
“一随主,二随宾,三不变”1. She said, “My brother wants to go with me.”( She said her brother wanted to go with her.)2. He said to Kate, “How is your sister now?”( He asked Kate how her sister was then. )3. Mr. Smith said, “Jack is a good worker.”(Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker)D. 时间状语变化:1. now → then2. this year → that year3. yesterday → the day before4. last week → the week before5. three days ago → three days before6. tomorrow → the next day7. next week → the week after 8. today → that day9. ago→ before st night → the night before11.the day before yesterday →two days beforeE. 其它:this → that, these → those, here → there, come → go.Bring →take(注意:表中这些情况,要根据具体情况而定,不可机械照搬。
者某些形容词的宾语。
由于宾语从句涉及到引导词、语序、时态等多方面的内容,所以宾语从句的用法一直是学习的重点难点。
本文对宾语从句的用法进行了详尽讲解并附有专项练习,现分述如下:一•宾语从句的定义置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。
谓语动词、介词、动词不定式,v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。
有些形容词(afraid,sure,glad等)之后也可以带宾语从句。
二•宾语从句中引导词的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语,引导词有:连词:that (that 常可省略),whether, if代词:who, whose, what ,which畐H词:when ,where, how, why 等。
(一)that引导的宾语从句(在非正式场合that可以省略)1.可跟that从句做宾语的动词有:say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest,hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report 等。
例句:The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets ・2•引导宾语从句的that在下列情况下一般不省略:(1)・宾语从句前有插入语。
如:We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us.恰恰相反,我们希望他和我们呆在家里。
(2). 有间接宾语时。
如:He told me that he was leaving for Japan. 他告诉我他要去日本。
初中宾语从句一、定义宾语从句是英语复合句中非常重要的从句之一,也是初中阶段要求重点掌握的从句。
宾语从句属于名词性从句,是用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语。
宾语从句一般做介词或及物动词的宾语,如:We all expect that they will win.我们所有人都盼着他们能赢。
(动宾)We are talking about whether we should keep the money.我们正在讨论是否应该收下这笔钱。
(介宾)二、宾语从句的连接词宾语从句的引导词很多样,基本涵盖了从句中涉及的所有引导词,可分为从1. 若主句是现在时的某种时态(一般现在时,现在进行时,现在完成时),宾语从句不受限制,可以根据实际情况随意穿越,如:I remember he gave me a book yesterday.我记得他昨天给了我一本书。
He has told me that he will leave for Shanghai next week.他已经告诉我下周他就要动身去上海了。
2. 若主句是过去时的某种时态(包括一般过去时,过去进行时),那么宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时),如:I only knew he was studying in a western country.我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书。
My teacher told me that Mrs. Rosemary had been back to Australia already.我的老师告诉我,Rosemary夫人已经回澳大利亚了。
He told me that he would take part in the high jump.他告诉我他将会参加跳高。
3. 若从句是一个客观真理,那么从句用一般现在时,不根据主句的时态而变化,如:He told me that the earth goes around the sun.(真理)他告诉我地球围着太阳转。
宾语从句知识全解1. 宾语从句的理解常见的宾语有两种情况,一是名词或代词,二是介词+名词或代词(介宾)如:I miss you/my friend (其中you/my friend 就是代词/名词)He is looking at me/my face (其中at me/my face 介词+名词或代词) 结论:一般情况下,宾语都是一个词/介词+一个词 在观察以下句子 I don ’t know you (原来是一个词当宾语)I don ’t know if you are right (现在是一个句子)结论:将宾语变为一句话的句子就是宾语从句2. 宾语从句的判断思考:英语句子有很多!怎么判断哪些是宾语从句呢?技巧:常见的宾语从句情况有两种结论:记住两种情况一是动词+句子,二是介词+句子,两种即为宾语从句3. 宾语从句的引导词的理解思考:宾语从句为什么需要引导词?不用引导词不是更加简单?语言的作用是用简洁清晰表达想表达的,为什么要加引导词增加复杂程度?我们对比以下两个句子,找一下答案:I don ’t know he is a student.(先不考虑可以省略的情况)(对于一个句子只有一个动词的原则,这里出现了两个动词,一个句子不可能出现两个动词,而又没有连接词,容易让读者产生误会,认为这句话有语法错误。
)I don ’t know that he is a student.(整个句子虽然有两个动词,但是因为第二个句子开头有一个引导词“that ”(其作用相当于连接词)连接,符合一个句子一个动词原则即,句子+连接词+句子)结论:引导词有代替连接词的作用,可以帮助读者理解句子的结构动词+句子I don ’t know if you are right. 介词+句子 We are talking about if it will rain tomorrow. 宾语从句1.判断以下句子哪个是宾语从句()A.Teacher told that the sun is bigger than the moon to us.B.I have hated him since I was five.C. The children go to school by car every day.D.I met the man who is my friend’s uncle yesterday at school.解析:根据一是动词+句子,二是介词+句子的两种情况,只有A选项符合以上的情况。
宾语从句专项讲解及练习(有答案)宾语从句一、基本概念定义:在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
二、宾语从句分类动词的宾语从句e.g.He asked whose handwriting was the best.介词的宾语从句e.g.It depends on whether it is going to rain.形容词的宾语从句,即系词+心理状态形容词+宾语e.g I am afraid that he can't finish the work.三、宾语从句用法详解1.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。
即主语+谓语的顺序。
如:I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.I think (that) you will like this school soon.Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?Please tell me when we’ll hav e the meeting.注意:在宾语从句中带有特殊疑问词但句序不变的句子:What’s the matter?What’s your trouble?What’s your problem?What’s up?What’s your name?典型例题1.Can you tell me ____?A .whom do we have to see B. whom we have to see2. The teacher asked the students ____.A. what they were doingB. what were they doing3. She wants to know____.A. where does he liveB. Where he lives4. Her father asked _____.A. who the tallest isB. who is the tallest5.Do you know ____?A. what is on the desk B . what on the desk is答案:BABBA2.宾语从句的时态1). 若主句时态是一般现在时,宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。
宾语从句练习题及讲解高中1. 题目:请将下列句子改写为宾语从句。
- 原句:老师告诉我们,明天要进行数学考试。
- 改写:老师告诉我们明天要进行数学考试。
2. 题目:根据所给的宾语从句,判断下列句子是否正确,并给出正确的形式。
- 原句:I don't know what time is the meeting.- 正确形式:I don't know what time the meeting is.3. 题目:将下列句子中的宾语从句提取出来,并翻译成英文。
- 原句:我相信他能解决这个问题。
- 提取:他能解决这个问题。
- 翻译:He can solve this problem.4. 题目:使用适当的连接词将下列句子连接成一个复合句。
- 句子1:我们去了公园。
句子2:公园里有很多花。
- 复合句:我们去了公园,因为公园里有很多花。
5. 题目:根据所给的宾语从句,选择正确的主句形式。
- 宾语从句:他会来参加晚会。
- 主句选项:A. 我希望B. 我怀疑C. 我确信- 正确选择:C. 我确信6. 题目:将下列宾语从句翻译成英文,并注意时态的一致性。
- 宾语从句:他说他明天会来。
- 翻译:He said that he would come tomorrow.7. 题目:根据所给的宾语从句,判断下列句子是否使用了正确的时态。
- 宾语从句:她问我是否喜欢这部电影。
- 句子:She asked me if I like this movie.- 判断:错误,应使用过去时态。
8. 题目:将下列句子改写为宾语从句,并注意使用正确的连接词。
- 原句:他们决定去海边度假。
- 改写:他们决定去海边度假是因为他们喜欢海。
9. 题目:根据所给的宾语从句,选择正确的主句形式。
- 宾语从句:我们不知道他是否通过了考试。
- 主句选项:A. 我们希望B. 我们担心C. 我们确信- 正确选择:B. 我们担心10. 题目:使用宾语从句完成下列对话。
初中宾语从句练习宾语从句的用法一、主句是一般现在时,从句可用任何时态根椐主句中的谓语动词,决定从句动作发生主句前后关系,所用时态。
I think that she will finish reading that book in two days 我想她两天后看完那本书.二、主句是过去式时,从句必须用过去时的形式1.一般过去式He told me that Jim returned his book to him last Sunday。
他告诉我吉姆上星期天把他的书还他了。
2.过去进行时She said she was writing to her friend at this time yesterday. 她说她昨天这时候正在给她的朋友写信。
3.过去将来时He asked when they would leave the next week。
他问他们下个星期什么时候出发。
4.过去完成时She said she had known him since two years ago。
她说她自从两年前就认识他.5.如从句是客观真理时,用一般现在时She told us the earth moves around the sun.她告诉我们地球围绕太阳转。
The teacher said Japan is the east of China. 老师讲日本位于中国的东部。
三、宾语从句三种形式1.陈述句,前用引导词that,但经常省略I hear (that) he will help you with your French。
我听说他将帮忙你的法语.Lily knew (that)Tom had gone to London by air。
莉莉知道汤姆坐飞机去伦敦了.2.从句是一般疑问时,前用if或whetherHe asked if she liked swimming. 他问她是否喜欢游泳。
He asked me whether Mike came to school by bike or on foot。
宾语从句详细解析及精选练习题宾语从句是英语语法中的一个重要部分,它在实际语言运用中经常出现,是语言表达的重要组成部分。
宾语从句通常出现在主句中作为宾语,其结构为“连接词+从句”。
常见的连接词有that, if, whether, how, when, where, why等。
宾语从句由一个主语和谓语组成,它的语序与主语从句的语序相同。
下面我们将详细解析宾语从句,并提供相应的练习题目。
一、宾语从句的种类1. 引导宾语从句的连接词(1) 引导宾语从句的连接词that:常用于陈述句中,做动词、形容词、副词等的宾语从句。
例如:I know that you are a good student.(我知道你是一个好学生。
)He said that he would come tomorrow.(他说他明天要来。
)(2) 引导宾语从句的连接词if / whether:用于是否疑问句中。
例如:I don't know if / whether he will come to the party.(我不知道他是否会来参加派对。
)We asked if / whether we could go to the beach.(我们问能否去海滩。
)(3) 引导宾语从句的连接词how:用于问方式的疑问句中。
例如:I don't know how to do this.(我不知道怎么做。
)Can you tell me how to get to the station?(你能告诉我去车站怎么走吗?)(4) 引导宾语从句的连接词when / where / why:分别用于问时间、地点和原因的疑问句中。
例如:I don't remember when we met.(我不记得我们是什么时候见的面。
)Do you know where he lives?(你知道他住在哪里吗?)I don't know why he didn't come.(我不知道他为什么没来。
宾语从句(The Object Clause)定义:在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词后,充当宾语成分的句子。
★宾语从句要抓住三要素:连接词、语序和时态。
一. 宾语从句的引导词(连接词)。
根据引导宾语从句的不同连词,宾语从句可分为三类。
1.由that引导的宾语从句。
当宾语从句是陈述句时,连词由that引导,当that只有语法作用,没有实在的意义,在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。
可跟由that引导的宾语从句的动词有say, think, sure, wish, hope, know, see, believe, agree, expect, feel, hear, prefer, request, require, report,mean等。
例句:She knows (that) Tom is ill.他说他昨晚很早就睡了。
Which season is it? What’s this?What does the sign mean?▲that 不能省的两种情况:(1)当that作介词except ,in的宾语时。
例句:They believe in that she must win.除了他是美国人,我对他一无所知。
(2)用it作形式宾语时,it放在think, find, believe, feel, make等词后作为形式宾语,that引导宾语从句移到句子后部。
我听说她下个月会结婚。
2.由whether,if 引导的宾语从句当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”。
例句:I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years.我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。
1. I want to know __________________________________.(他是否跟我们一起去公园)2. Ask him _____________________. (他是否能来)3. I don’t know ___________________________.(是否要下雨)▲但在下列情况下只能用whether:(1)在具有选择意义,有or或or not时,尤其是直接与or not连用时,往往用whether.(2)在不定式前用whether:(3)在介词后面:(4)宾语从句提前时:3. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。
宾语从句一、考点解读所谓宾语从句,就是一个句子在句子中作宾语成分,主要复习以下的容:1.述句作宾语从句2.一般疑问句作宾语从句3.特殊疑问句作宾语从句二、专题梳理1.述句做宾语从句述句包括肯定句和否认句。
我们先复习述句作宾语从句时的三大方面的问题。
〔一〕连接词,述句作宾语从句时,用连接词that,通常that可以省略。
e.g.I think (that) English is difficult to learn. 我认为英语难学。
但在有些动词后连接词that不能省略,在初中阶段我们学过的动词有learn, sugget, e*plain, agree, wonder, feel, mean。
e.g.However, he went on to e*plain that he was not too sure about the grammar.然而,他继续解释说他对语法还没有把握。
〔二〕语序,宾语从句要用述句的语序,而述句就是述句的语序,所以不必作任何改动。
〔三〕时态。
在带有宾语从句的句子中,主句和从句的谓语动词在时态上是互有联系的,具体说来有三条。
〔1〕当主句的谓语动词用的是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候,从句的谓语动词通常不受主句的限制,即从句的时间是什么,从句的谓语动词就用什么形式。
e.g.She says (that) she likes English. 她说她喜欢英语。
She says (that) she liked English three years ago. 她说她三年以前喜欢英语。
She says (that) she will like English ne*t term. 她说下个学期她会喜欢英语的。
〔2〕当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时的时候,从句的谓语动词通常要和主句保持一致,要用过去了的*种时态。
我们来做一些练习。
She said. She likes English. →She said (that) she liked English.She said. She liked English three years ago.→She said (that) she liked English three years ago.She said. She will like English. →She said (that) she would like English ne*t term.She said. They are swimming. →She said (that) they were swimming.她说他们在游泳。
一.引入课题内容复合句(主句+连词+从句)包含一个主句,一个或一个以上的从句的句子叫复合句。
从句从属于主句并充当主句的某一成分,如主语,表语,宾语,定语,状语等。
中考主要考宾语、定语、状语从句。
注意引导词、语序和时态。
(一)宾语从句1 基本讲解概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句,宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语,也可做介词的宾语。
eg, He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语)He asks him how long Mike has been down . (动词宾语)Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语)宾语从句通常由连词that 和whether (if)、连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词型what 引导:1. that 引导We believe that he is honest. 我们相信他是诚实的。
The doctor insists that I give up smoking 医生坚持要我戒烟。
2. whether / if 引导I don't know whether he'll arrive in time. 我不知道他是否能及时到。
I asked her whether she agreed. 我问她是否同意。
3. 连接代词引导I don't know who [whom] you mean. 我不知道你指谁。
I'Il do whatever I can do. 我将做我所能做的事。
4. 连接副词引导He asked why he had to go alone. 他问他为什么必须一个人去。
You don't know when you are lucky. 你身在福中不知福。
5.连词that 的省略问题She said (that) she would come to the meeting. 她说过要来开会的。
宾语从句一、宾语从句的连接词:1、连词that,只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略。
eg. He knew (that) he should work hard.2、连词if 、whether,它们起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,作“是否”解,在口语中多用if。
eg. Tom don’t know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.He asked me whether or not I was coming.一般情况下,if 和whether可以互换,但以下3种情况只能用whether:①在不定式前:Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided.②在介词前:It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain.③与or not连用:They are talking about whether to go there or not.3、连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which,连接副词when, where, why, how,它们起连接作用,作句子成分,各有自己的意义。
eg. The teacher asked the new students which class he was in.I wonder where he got so much money.【注意】1、由连接代、副词引导的宾语从句可以和“疑问词+不定式”结构转化。
eg. I don’t know how I should do with the presents. →I don’t know how to do with the presents.2、要注意区分判断由if、when引导的从句类型.二、宾语从句的语序:宾语从句的语序是陈述语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。
宾语从句在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。
宾语从句在复合句中作主句谓语动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语。
在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语,如:I know the man.而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语,如:I know that the man is a policeman.主句引导词从句I am afraid that you do n’t understand what I said .(做形容词的宾语)恐怕你没理解我的意思。
He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day .(做介词的宾语)那天所发生的事情另他非常不高兴。
Ⅰ.宾语从句的引导词1.陈述句充当宾语从句时,用that引导,that无词义,在口语或非正式文体中常省略。
如:My teacher said (that) I was a good boy.老师说我是个好男孩。
She doesn’t know (that) she is seriousl y ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed.用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1. I know …2. She says …(that)3. Tell your friend …1.This is a book.2.You like singing.3.He worked last night.4.They will go home.5.Jim has been to Beijing.6.She sings well.2.当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”。
如:(1) Is Jim a good student? I don’t knowI don’t know if /whether Jim is a good student.(2) Does Kate get up early? Do you know?Do you know if /whether Kate gets up early?用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1.Do yo u know …2.I want to know …if/whether3.The teacher asks …1.Is he reading ?2.Do you get up at six?3.Does Tom work hard?4.Did you watch TV ?5.Will they read books ?6.Can you sing ?注意:只能用whether不用if 的三种情况•一般情况下,if 和whether可以互换,但以下3种情况只能用whether:•①与or not连用:He asked me whether or not I was coming. Let me know whether you can come or not.•②在介词之后:It depends on whether it is going to rain. I worry about whether I hurt her feelings •③在不定式之前:We haven’t decided whether to go there. I don’t know whether to accept or refuse.3.如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,只需用原来的疑问词引导。
中考英语宾语从句解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案 )一、初中英语宾语从句1.-Can you tell me ___________ your online shopping products will arrive?-In about 2 days, I suppose.A. how long B. how often C. how soon D. how much【答案】 C【解析】【详解】句意: --你能告诉我你网购的物品什么时候能到吗?我想大概两天后。
A. how long 意思是:多久;对一段时间提问,回答通常为for+ 一段时间。
B. how often 意思是:多久一次;问的是 "事情发生的频率" 。
C. how soon 意思是:多快,多久以后;对(从即时起)到将来某个时刻的时间长短提问,回答通常为in+一段时间。
D. how much 意思是:多少钱;对价格提问, how much+ 不可数名词,意思是:多少。
根据答语In about 2 days, I suppose 我想大概两天后可知。
故选C。
2.Peter knew.A. whether he has finished reading the bookB. why the boy had so many questionsC. there were 12 months in a yearD. when will they leave for Paris【答案】 B【解析】【详解】考查宾语从句,句意:皮特知道了为什么这个男孩有如此多的问题.根据Peter knew 可知,考查宾语从句,宾语从句中一般为陈述语序,当主句是一般过去时态,宾语从句应该用过去的某一时态,所以选项AD 时态不对; C 选项叙述的是客观真理,应该用一般现在时态,故选B.3.—Well done! You did very well in the final exam. Could you please tell me ________?—Sure. I listened to the teacher carefully and did lots of exercises.A. which is the best way to improve my gradeB. how did you deal with to get the good marksC. what you did to get the good marks【答案】 C【解析】【详解】句意“-干的漂亮,你在期末考试中做得很好。
1九年级宾语从句讲解和练习题一、宾语从句概念:宾语从句:句子在句中作及物动词的宾语,或介词的宾语,或形容词的宾语。
IlikewhatIdo.(句子作宾语〕IknowMr.LiteachesEnglish.(句子作宾语〕Sheaskediftheanswerwasright.(句子作宾语〕二、宾语从句三要素(1)连接词 (2)语序(3)时态〔一〕、宾语从句的连接词(1)that引导(2).whether/if引导(3).连接代词who whom whose what which(4).连接副词when why where how。
根据引导宾语从句的不同连词,宾语从句可分为三类。
由that引导的宾语从句。
只有语法作用,没有实在的意义,在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。
Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathomeShe.doesn’tknow(that)sheisill.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。
这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分,具有一定的意义,不可省略。
1).Heasked_whocouldanswerthequestion2).Doyouknowwhomtheyarewaitingfor?3).Heaskedwhose bikewasthebestintheclass4).Doyouknowwhenwe’llhaveameeting?由if或whether引导的宾语从句。
if/whether是否“〞,说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。
常用在ask,wonder,can(could)youtellme 等后。
Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthereHe.askedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.【拓展】:只能用whether不能用if的情况1.在介词后面:I’mthinki ngofwhetherweshouldgoareworriedaboutwhetheritwillraintomorrow.2.在动词不定式前:Theyaskedmewhethertogoskating.3.当与ornot连用,或提出两种选择时:Idon ’tknowwhetherhes’freeoraskedwhetherIwas doingmyhomeworkormewhetheryou ’dliketogoshoppingortidytheroom.〔二〕、宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。
中考英语宾语从句详解及专题练习(附答案)!
宾语从句,是名词性从句的一种。
在主从复合句中充当宾语,位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。
一、宾语从句分类
1、动词的宾语从句(动宾从句)
大多数及物动词都可以带宾语从句。
部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句。
动词短语也可以带宾语从句,常见的这些词有:
make sure(确保)、make up one’s mind(下决心)、keep in mind(牢记)
可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe,think等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。
②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语从句前加it(双宾语)这类动词主要有:hate,take,owe,have,see,lend.hand,mail,offer,pass,pay,post,read,return,show,teach,t ell
2、介词的宾语从句(介宾从句)
用whether之类的介词宾语从句。
用that,if引导的介词宾语从句,有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that 引导的宾语从句。
3、形容词的宾语从句(形宾从句)
有些形容词具有动词的含义,所以也可以带一个宾语从句;例句:。
宾语从句一、宾语从句的连接词1、连词that,只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略。
e.g. He knew (that) he should work hard.2、连词if 、whether,它们起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,作“是否”解,在口语中多用if。
e.g. Tom don’t know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.He asked me whether or not I was coming.一般情况下,if 和whether可以互换,但以下3种情况只能用whether:①在不定式前:Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided.②在介词前:It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain.③与or not连用:They are talking about whether to go there or not.3、连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which,连接副词when, where, why, how,它们起连接作用,作句子成分,各有自己的意义。
e.g. The teacher asked the new students which class he was in.I wonder where he got so much money.【注意】1、由连接代、副词引导的宾语从句可以和“疑问词+不定式”结构转化。
e.g. I don’t know how I should do with the presents. èI don’t know how to do with the presents.2、要注意区分判断由if、when引导的从句类型。
二、宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序是陈述语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。
特别强调:它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序,而不是疑问句的倒装结构。
Can you tell me who(m) do we have to see? ( ╳)Can you tell me who(m) we have to see? ( √)The teacher asked the students what they were doing. (思考: what 在从句中的成分)陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变。
e.g. She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.”àShe said she would leave a message on the desk.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,也要注意人称和时态的变化,后面接陈述语序。
e.g. “Where are the tickets?”I asked him. àI asked him where the tickets are.三.宾语从句的时态1、主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。
例句:She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday.她说她从周一至周五上班。
(从句是一般现在时)She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk.她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。
(从句是一般将来时)2、主句是过去时态,从句须用过去时态的某种形式。
例句:He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.他说昨天下午没有课。
(从句是一般过去时)He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby.他说他会去照看这个婴儿。
(从句是过去将来时)3、当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。
例句:The teacher told us(that) nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it. 老师告诉我们世上无难事,只怕有心人。
She said(that) her father is twenty-eight years older than her.她说她父亲比她大二十八岁。
He said that light travels much faster than sound.他说光比声音传播得快。
注意:当主句的谓语动词是think或believe,宾语从句要表达否定时,要把从句的否定转移到主句上。
I don't think he is going to help you with your English.我认为他不会帮你学英语的。
这句话不可以翻译成:I think he isn't going to help you with your English.如果宾语从句有它的补语时,宾语从句用it代替,从句后置。
其句型为:主语+谓语 + it +补语+宾语从句。
I think it necessary that we learn English grammar.四. 宾语从句的that在下列情况下一般不省略1. 宾语从句前有插入语。
如:We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us. 恰恰相反,我们希望他和我们呆在家里。
2. 有间接宾语时。
如:He told me that he was leaving for Japan. 他告诉我他要去日本。
3. that在与之并列的另一个宾语从句之后。
如:He said (that) the book was very interesting and that(不省略) all the children like to read it.他说那本书很有趣,所有小孩都喜欢读。
4. 在“it(形式宾语)+补语”之后时。
如:I think it necessary that he should stay here. 我们认为他有必要留在这里。
5. that从句单独回答问题时。
如:—What did he hear? 他听说了什么事?—That Kate had passed the exam. (他听说)凯特考试及格了。
6. 在except等介词后。
如:He has no special fault except that he smokes too much.他除了抽烟太多之外,没有什么特别的毛病。
7. 位于句首时。
如:That our team will win, I believe. 我相信我们队会赢。
8. 在较为正式或不常用的动词(如reply, object)后。
如:He replied that he disagreed. 他回答说他不同意。
为我们学习英语语法是必要的。
宾语从句的专项练习一、选择最恰当的答案。
( ) 1. What did Mike say? He said ________.A. if you are free the next weekB. what colour was itC. the weather is fineD. summer comes after spring( ) 2. Tom asked my friend ________.A. where was he fromB. that the earth is bigger than the moonC. when did he come backD. not to be so angry( ) 3. Let me tell you ________.A. how much is the carB. how much does the car costC. how much did I pay for the carD. how much I spent on the car( ) 4. Peter knew ________.A. whether he has finished reading the bookB. why the boy had so many questionsC. there were 12 months in a yearD. when they will leave for Paris( ) 5. Could you tell me ________?A. where do you liveB. who you are waiting forC. who were you waiting forD. where you live in( ) 6. I can't understand ________the boy alone.A. why she leftB. why did she leaveC. why she had leftD. why had she left( ) 7. She told me the sun ________in the east.A. riseB. roseC. risesD. had risen( ) 8.I don't know ________up so early last Sunday.A. why did he getB. why he getsC. why does he getD. why hegot( ) 9. The manager came up to see________.A. what was the matterB. what the matter wasC. what the matter isD. what's the matter( ) 10. He asked his father ________.A. where it happensB. where did it happenC. how it happenedD. how did it happen( ) 11. No one tells us________, so we need your help.A. how we should doB. what should we doC. how to do itD. what to do it( ) 12. Could you please teach me ________the computer.A. how checkB. to checkC. how to checkD. to how checking( ) 13.They don't know ________their parents are.A. thatB. whatC. whyD. which( ) 14. ─Where do you think ________he ________the TV set? ─ Sorry, I've no idea.A. /, boughtB. has, boughtC. did, buyD. did bought( ) 15. Our homework has changed a lot. Who can tell ______it would be like in ______five years.A. how, anotherB. what, moreC. how, otherD. what, another( ) 16. ─ Could you tell me ________? ─ Yes. He ________to the USA.A. where is he/ has beenB. where he is/ has goneC. where is heD. where he gone( ) 17. ─Mike wants to know if ________a picnic tomorrow.─Yes. But if it ________, we'll visit the museum instead.A. you have/ will rainB. you will have/ will rainC. you will have/ rainsD. will you have/ rains( ) 18. I really don't know if she ________it when she________.A. finds/ arrivesB. finds/ will arriveC. will find/ will arriveD. will find/ arrives( ) 19. Miss Liu said ________she would leave the message on t he headmaster’s desk.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. what( ) 20. He asked me ________.A. who will kick the first goal in the World CupB. when was the APEC meeting heldC. when China became a member of the WTOD. where the 2008 Olympics will be held( ) 21. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shopkeeper ________Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.A. thatB. howC. whatD. if( ) 22. You must remember________.A. what your teacher saidB. what did your teacher sayC. your teacher said whatD. what has your teacher said( ) 23. I don’t know________.A. which room I can liveB. which room can I liveC. which room I can live inD. which room can I live in( ) 24.--Do you know when he ______back?--Sorry, I don’t. When he _______back, I’ll tell you.A. comes; comesB. comes; will comeC. will come; comesD. will come; will come( ) 25 The girls asked if they ________some food and drink with them.A. tookB. takeC. takesD. will take( ) 26. Mary said that she ________to Guangzhou.A. has never goneB. had never goneC. has never beenD. had never been( ) 27 The students want to know whether they ________a PE class today.A. hadB. hasC. will haveD. are( ) 28. Can you tell me ________you were born, Betty?A. whoB. whatC. whenD. that( ) 29 .I don't know ________they have passed the exam.A. whatB. ifC. whenD. where( ) 30. Do you know ________they listened to yesterday evening?A. whatB. when C why Dhow二、用合适的连接词填空。