16第二章 语态
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英语16种语态There are a total of 16 tenses in English language, including the active and passive voice. Understanding these tenses is important as they help in conveying accurate meaning and information. Below is an explanation of each tense along with example sentences:1. Simple Present Tense (Active Voice): It is used to express general facts or repeated actions in the present.Example: She goes to school every day.2. Simple Present Tense (Passive Voice): It is used to show actions that happen to the subject. Example: The cake is baked by her.3. Present Continuous Tense (Active Voice): This tense describes ongoing actions in the present. Example: They are playing football in the park.4. Present Continuous Tense (Passive Voice): It is used to indicate that an action is being done to the subject.Example: The letter is being written by Tom.5. Present Perfect Tense (Active Voice): It shows an action that has occurred in the past but has a relevance to the present.Example: She has already finished her homework.6. Present Perfect Tense (Passive Voice): This tense is used to describe an action that has been done to the subject.Example: The car has been repaired by the mechanic.7. Simple Past Tense (Active Voice): It expresses actions that were completed in the past. Example: He studied at university for five years.8. Simple Past Tense (Passive Voice): This tense is used when the focus is on the object that experienced the action.Example: The book was written by a famous author.9. Past Continuous Tense (Active Voice): This tense describes ongoing actions in the past. Example: She was singing when I entered the room.10. Past Continuous Tense (Passive Voice): It shows that an action was being done to the subject in the past.Example: The house was being painted by the workers.11. Past Perfect Tense (Active Voice): It denotes an action that had happened before another action in the past.Example: He had already left when I arrived.12. Past Perfect Tense (Passive Voice): This tense is used when an action had been done to the subject before another event in the past.Example: The novel had been read by many people before it became popular.13. Simple Future Tense (Active Voice): It indicates an action that will happen in the future. Example: She will visit her grandparents next week.14. Simple Future Tense (Passive Voice): This tense is used when an action will be done to the subject in the future.Example: The building will be constructed by a renowned architect.15. Future Continuous Tense (Active Voice): This tense describes ongoing actions that will happen in the future.Example: They will be working on the project tomorrow.16. Future Continuous Tense (Passive Voice): It indicates an action that will be done to the subject in the future.Example: The party will be attended by a large number of people.These 16 tenses in English language help in expressing different actions and states in a clear and concise manner. Understanding and using them correctly can greatly improve communication skills in both written and spoken English.。
高二知识点总结语态的使用与变换高二知识点总结:语态的使用与变换语态是指动词在句子中表示的动作或状态与主语之间的关系。
在英语中,常用的语态有主动语态和被动语态。
本文将从语态的定义、主动语态和被动语态的用法、语态的转换等方面进行总结。
一、语态的定义语态是用来表示动作主体与动作对象之间的关系的一种语法方式。
主动语态表示主语主动执行动作,而被动语态则表示主语被动地接受动作。
在句子中,语态的使用能够使句子更加准确地表达动作或状态的执行情况。
二、主动语态的用法主动语态表示主语主动执行动作或者进行的状态,常见的用法包括以下几种:1. 描述客观事实:主动语态常用于描述客观事实,如:“The dog chased the cat.”(狗追逐着猫)。
2. 表达习惯性动作:主动语态还可用于表达习惯性动作,如:“I often read books before bedtime.”(我经常在睡前读书)。
3. 强调主语的行为主动性:在强调主语的行为主动性时,主动语态是常用形式之一,如:“The students cleaned the classroom themselves.”(学生们自己打扫了教室)。
三、被动语态的用法被动语态表示主语接受动作或者承受状态,常见的用法包括以下几种:1. 强调动作的承受者:被动语态常用于强调动作的承受者,如:“The cake was eaten by the children.”(蛋糕被孩子们吃掉了)。
2. 不知道执行者或没有必要提及执行者:当执行者无关紧要或不知道时,被动语态是常用形式之一,如:“The book was written in 2005.”(这本书是2005年写的)。
3. 消除句子主语的重复:为了避免重复使用主语,被动语态可以很好地解决这个问题,如:“I was given a present by my friend.”(我收到了一份礼物,是我的朋友送给我的)。
四、语态的转换语态的转换是指将一个句子从主动语态转换为被动语态,或者从被动语态转换为主动语态。
语态知识点归纳总结语态是表示动作发出者和动作承受者之间关系的一种语法范畴。
根据动作的发出者和承受者的不同,语态可以分为主动语态和被动语态。
掌握语态知识对于正确理解和使用语言是非常重要的。
下面将对语态的基本概念、用法和转换规则进行归纳总结。
一、主动语态主动语态是指主语是动作的执行者或施动者的语态。
在主动语态中,动作的主体是动作的发出者,常常是主语。
例如:The boy kicks the ball.(男孩踢球。
)主动语态的特点:1. 动作的执行者明确,常由主语表示;2. 动作的承受者或影响者一般由宾语表示;3. 主动语态用于叙述一般事实、行为等。
二、被动语态被动语态是指主语是动作的承受者或受动者的语态。
在被动语态中,动作的主体不是动作的发出者,常常是宾语。
例如:The ball is kicked by the boy.(球被男孩踢了。
)被动语态的特点:1. 动作的承受者明确,常由主语表示;2. 动作的执行者一般由介词by引导的短语表示,也可以省略;3. 被动语态用于强调动作的承受者或执行者。
三、语态的转换在英语中,主动语态和被动语态可以相互转换。
语态的转换需要注意一些规则和语法结构。
1. 主动语态转被动语态主动语态转被动语态时,需要做出以下一些变化:- 将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语- 将主动句的主语变为被动句的介词by引导的短语,也可以省略- 将主动句的谓语动词变为被动句的be+过去分词例如:- 主动句:He writes a letter.(他写了一封信。
)- 被动句:A letter is written by him.(一封信被他写了。
)2. 被动语态转主动语态被动语态转主动语态时,需要做出以下一些变化:- 将被动句的主语变为主动句的宾语- 将被动句的过去分词变为主动句的谓语动词- 将被动句的谓语动词be替换为与动作时态和语态相对应的be动词例如:- 被动句:A letter is written by him.(一封信被他写了。
16种时态及语态总结时态和语态是英语中非常重要的语法概念。
掌握不同的时态和语态,能够帮助我们准确地表达过去、现在和将来的动作和状态。
本文将总结英语中的16种时态及语态,并对每种时态和语态进行简要说明。
下面是对每种时态和语态的总结:1. 一般现在时态 (Simple Present Tense):- 表示目前的状态或习惯;- 常与频率副词一起使用。
2. 现在进行时态 (Present Continuous Tense):- 表示现在正在进行的动作;- 常与时间状语连用,如now、at the moment等。
3. 现在完成时态 (Present Perfect Tense):- 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响;- 常与for、since等时间状语连用。
4. 现在完成进行时态 (Present Perfect Continuous Tense):- 表示过去一段时间内一直持续的动作;- 常与时间段连用,如for、since等。
5. 一般过去时态 (Simple Past Tense):- 表示过去发生的动作或状态;- 常与表示具体时间的状语连用。
6. 过去进行时态 (Past Continuous Tense):- 表示过去某个时间段内正在进行的动作;- 常与表示具体时间的状语连用。
7. 过去完成时态 (Past Perfect Tense):- 表示过去某个时间点之前已经发生的动作;- 常与表示具体时间的状语连用。
8. 过去完成进行时态 (Past Perfect Continuous Tense): - 表示过去某个时间点之前一直持续的动作;- 常与表示具体时间的状语连用。
9. 一般将来时态 (Simple Future Tense):- 表示将来要发生的动作或状态;- 常与表示将来时间的状语连用。
10. 将来进行时态 (Future Continuous Tense):- 表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作;- 常与表示将来时间的状语连用。
所谓“时”就是行为发生的时段或状态存在的时段,即:现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种;所谓“态”就是行为或状态发生时说呈现的状态,有一般状态、进行状态、完成状态或完成进行状态四种。
由时和态结合,便形成下列十六种时态:一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,一般过去将来时;现在进行时,过去进行时,将来进行时,过去将来进行时;现在完成时,过去完成时,将来完成时,过去将来完成时;现在完成进行时,过去完成进行时,将来完成进行时,过去将来完成进行时.一、一般现在时1.概念:表示经常发生的情况;有规律出现的情况;总是发生的;和事实真理。
2.时间状语:Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week(day, year, month…), on Sundays(on Mondays …),3.基本结构:动词原形(如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要改为第三人称单数形式)4.否定形式:主语+am/is/are +not+其他; 此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't, 如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
6.例句:It seldom snows here.这里很少下雪。
He is always ready to help others.他总是乐于帮助别人。
Action speaks louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。
二、一般过去时1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2.时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.3.基本结构:主语+动词或be的过去时+名词4.否定形式:主语+was/were +not+其他;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
16种时态及语态总结计划时态和语态是英语语法中非常重要的部分,掌握好它们对于准确表达意思、理解英语句子至关重要。
下面我们就来详细地总结一下 16 种时态及语态。
一般现在时:表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态。
例如,“I play basketball every weekend”(我每个周末都打篮球。
)其被动语态为“Basketball is played by me every weekend”一般过去时:用于过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
比如,“He visited his grandparents last month”(他上个月看望了他的祖父母。
)被动语态是“His grandparents were visited by him last month”一般将来时:表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。
“I will go to Beijing next week”(我下周将去北京。
)被动形式则为“Beijing will be gone to by me next week”过去将来时:立足于过去某一时间,看将来要发生的动作。
“She said she would com e here the next day” 被动是“She said she would be come here by her the next day”现在进行时:正在进行的动作。
“They are playing football now” 被动为“Football is being played by them now”过去进行时:过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。
“I was reading a book at that time yesterday” 被动为“A book was being rea d by me at that time yesterday”将来进行时:将来某一时刻正在进行的动作。
“This time next week, I will be having a meeting” 被动是“This time next week, a meeting will be being had by me”现在完成时:过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
16种时态及语态总结时态和语态是英语语法中非常重要的部分,掌握它们对于准确表达意思、理解英语语言至关重要。
下面我们来详细了解一下英语中的 16 种时态及语态。
一、一般现在时(Simple Present Tense)一般现在时表示经常发生的动作、习惯性的行为或客观事实。
其结构为:主语+动词原形(当主语为第三人称单数时,动词要加“s”或“es”)。
例如:I go to school every day(我每天上学。
)He likes music(他喜欢音乐。
)其被动语态结构为:am/is/are +过去分词。
例如:The book is written by him(这本书是他写的。
)二、一般过去时(Simple Past Tense)一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
结构为:主语+动词的过去式。
比如:I played basketball yesterday(我昨天打篮球了。
)被动语态结构为:was/were +过去分词。
例如:The house was built in 1980(这座房子建于 1980 年。
)三、一般将来时(Simple Future Tense)一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。
结构有多种,常见的有:will +动词原形;be going to +动词原形。
例如:I will visit my grandparents next week(下周我将去看望我的祖父母。
)She is going to have a party(她打算举办一个聚会。
)其被动语态结构为:will be +过去分词;be going to be +过去分词。
比如:The meeting will be held tomorrow(会议将在明天举行。
)The show is going to be cancelled(这个演出将要被取消。
)四、现在进行时(Present Continuous Tense)现在进行时表示正在进行的动作。
(表一)动词时态、语态过去过去将来现在将来一般式did should/would do does will/shall do was/were done should/would be done am/is/are done shall/will be done进行式was/were doing should/would be doing am/is/are doing shall/will be doing was/were being done am/is/are being done完成式had done should/would have done have/has done shall/will have done had been done should/would have been done have/has been done shall/will have been done完成进行式had been doing should/would have been doing have/has been doing shall/will have been doing1(表二)动词时态各种形式表达(主动语态)过去过去将来现在将来一般式肯:S+did sth.否:S+did not do sth.含情态:S+情过+do sth一般疑:Did+S+do sth?否定疑:Didn't+S+do sth?特殊疑:Wh-+did+S+do ?S+was/were+P+其他S+was/were+not+P+其他S+情过+be+P+其他Was/Were+S+P+其他?Was/Were not+S+P+其?Wh-+was/were+S+P +其?S+would/should do sthS+would/should not doWould/Should+S+ do?Wh-+would/should(not)+S+ do?S+do/does sth.S+do/does not do sth.S+情+do sth○2Do/Does+S+do sth?Do/Does not+S+do sth?Wh-+do/does+S+do sth?S+am/is/are+P+其他S+am/is/are+not+P+其他S+情+be+P+其他Am/Is/Are+S+P+其他?Am/Is/Are not+S+P+其?Wh-+am/is/are+S+P+其?S+will/shall do sth.S+will/shall not do sth.同○2Will/Shall+S+do sth?Will/Shall not+S+do sth?Wh-+will/shall+S+do sth?S+am/is/are going to do sthS+am/is/are+not going to do sthS+情+be going to do sthAm/Is/Are+S+going to do sth?Am/Is/Are not+S+going to do sth?Wh-+am/is/are+S+going to do sth?进行式肯:S+was/were doing sth否:S+was/were not doing sth含情态:S+情过去式+be doing sth.○1一般疑:Was/Were+S+doing?否定疑:Was/Were not+S+doing?特殊疑:Wh-+was/were+S+doing?S+would be doing sthS+wouldn't be doing sth同○1Would+S+be doing sth?Wouldn't+S+be doing ?Wh-+would be doing ?S+am/is/are doing sthS+am/is/are not doing sthS+情+be doing sth.○3Am/Is/Are+S+doing?Am/Is/Are not+S+doing?Wh-+am/is/are+S+doing?S+will/shall be doing sthS+will/shall not be doing sth同○3Will/Shall+S+be doing sth?Will/Shall not +S+be doing ?Wh-+will/shall+S+be doing sth?完成式肯:S+had done sth否:S+had not done sth含情态:一般疑:Had+S+done sth?否定疑:Hadn't+S+done sth?特殊疑:Wh-+had+S+done sth?S+have/has done sthS+have/has not done sthS+情+have done sth.○4Have/Has+S+done sth?Have/Has not+S+done sth?Wh-+have/has+S+done sth?S+will/shall have done sthS+will/shall not have done sth同○4Will/Shall+S+have done sth?Will/Shall not+S+have done sth?Wh-+will/shall+S+have done sth?完成进行式肯:S+had been doing sth.否:S+had not been doing sth.含情态:一般疑:Had+S+been doing sth?否定疑:Hadn't+S+been doing sth?特殊疑:Wh-+had+S+been doing sth?S+have/has been doing sth.S+have/has not been doing sth.S+情+have been doing sth.Have/Has+S+been doing sth?Have/Has not+S+been doing sth?Wh-+have/has+S+been doing sth?2(表三)动词时态考点过去过去将来现在将来一般式考点:1.动作发生在过去,结束在过去,对现在没有影响标志时间词:1.从句by the time+did, 主句had done (奶奶挂电话)2.从句since+did,主句have done (在我还小的时候)3.从句before+did, 主句had done (写完作业前妈妈做好饭)4.It is (high)time that 主+did5.It has/is been+段时间+since+S+did6.持续性动词+段时间(美国呆两年)进行式考点:1.发生在将来2.有时间点开放性作文,描图都用进行时。
初中语态知识点总结一、语态的概念语态是表示动作或状态与主语的关系的语法范畴。
英语的一般语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
在句子中,主动语态和被动语态的改变可能会导致动词的形式和结构发生变化。
二、主动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
在主动语态中,动作的发出者通常是主语。
例如:- 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语- I eat an apple.三、被动语态被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
在被动语态中,动作的影响通常是由主语承受的。
例如:- 宾语 + 被动语态的助动词(am/is/are/was/were)+ 及物动词的过去分词 + by + 主语- The apple is eaten by me.四、主动语态和被动语态的转换1. 当主动语态的句子变为被动语态时,主语变为被动语态的主语,而宾语变为被动语态的主语,原来的主语则在by后面。
2. 动词的形式也会发生变化:及物动词变为被动语态的助动词(am/is/are/was/were)+及物动词的过去分词,而不及物动词则需要加上适当的及物动词才能够构成被动语态。
五、注意事项1. 在使用被动语态时,需注意及物动词的过去分词形式,在一般情况下,及物动词的过去分词形式为动词的过去式形式(如:eat→eaten,drink→drunk等)。
2. 在进行主动语态和被动语态的转换时,需要注意动词形式的变化,以及句子结构的调整。
3. 在使用被动语态时,by后面的主语通常可以省略,尤其是当主语为第一人称或第二人称时。
六、一般现在时的被动语态构成:am/is/are + 及物动词的过去分词- The book is read by me.- The apples are eaten by him.- The music is listened to by me.七、一般过去时的被动语态构成:was/were + 及物动词的过去分词- The letter was written by him.- The cake was made by my mother.- The film was watched by us.八、一般将来时的被动语态构成:will be + 及物动词的过去分词- The house will be built by them.- The book will be read by her.九、现在进行时的被动语态构成:am/is/are + being + 及物动词的过去分词- The car is being repaired by the mechanic.- The cake is being baked by my mother.十、过去进行时的被动语态构成:was/were + being + 及物动词的过去分词- The house was being built by them.- The film was being watched by us.十一、情态动词的被动语态情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词- The window must be cleaned by her.- The work can be finished by us.- The book should be read by him.十二、总结语态是英语语法中的一个重要概念,它能够帮助我们理解句子内部动作的实际执行者和承受者。
第二章 | 语态今天的这篇文章是要教大家掌握谓语动词的语态。
通过前几节课的学习,我们对谓语动词有了一定了解,现在我们将更深入地讲解谓语动词的语态和时态,这是谓语动词最复杂也是最核心的部分。
这两章内容包含许多固定结构和形式,需要同学们仔细记忆,并辅以大量的练习进行巩固。
语法名词:语态、被动语态、主动语态、时态和语态核心讲解:一、语态的分类错误表达:Some people think that old buildings should preserve.正确表达:Some people think that old buildings should be preserved.有些人认为老建筑应该被保护。
错误表达忽视了主语和谓语间的被动关系,是我们中文口头语中经常会犯的错误,我们会说“老建筑应该保护”,其实正确的表达应该是“老建筑应该被保护”。
我们要注意不能盲目根据口头中文进行翻译。
语态分为主动语态和被动语态:1. 主动语态即我们中文中的“把”字句(把、使)2. 被动语态即我们中文中的被”字句(被、受、由)被动语态的公式:主语+ be done +(by sb.)这里的done是过去分词,为非谓语动词(女朋友),前面的be动词是辅助动词(结婚证),翻译成“被”。
be动词+done共同构成句子的谓语动词。
注意:如果没有be动词,而只有done,那么非但不是被动语态,连谓语动词都不是了,谁让没了“结婚证”呢!二、语态和时态的结合1. 一般状态下的被动语态·一般过去时中,be动词需要转化为过去式was或were。
一般将来时中,要在be前面加上will。
2. 进行状态下的被动语态进行时态中,谓语动词结构为be+being+done,译成“正在被……”。
被动语态的时态体现在第一个be动词的变化上。
3. 完成状态下的被动语态完成时态中,谓语动词结构为have/has/had been done,翻译成“已经被做”。
被动语态的时态体现在have的变化上。
总结上述内容,不同时态下的被动语态形式为:be done 被做(一般状态)is being done 正在被做(进行状态)have been done 已经被完成(完成状态)要点拓展:一、被动语态和主动语态:1. Her brother broke the window last month. (主动语态)主语谓语宾语状语(她的弟弟上个月打碎了玻璃。
)2. The window was broken by her brother last month. (被动语态)主语谓语方式状语时间状语(玻璃上个月被她弟弟打碎了。
)英语和中文一样,分为主动语态(“把”字句)和被动语态(“被”字句)。
主动语态如第一个句子所示,句子的主语her brother就是动作的发出者,其和谓语break 构成主动关系;而被动语态的主语是动作的对象,如第二个句子中的the window 和break,两者构成被动关系。
所以判定句子的语态就是要判定句子主语和谓语的关系。
被动语态一般在两种情况下使用:一种是不确定动作的执行者,如:Her bag was stolen(她的书包被偷了),这里并不知道谁偷了她的包;另一种是没有必要说明动作的执行者,如:Pencils are invented for writing things(铅笔被发明用来写东西),这里并没有必要说明铅笔由谁使用。
我们在be动词专题中讲过,be动词可以做助动词,加上过去分词构成被动语态,即be+done,共同构成句子的谓语动词。
如前面两个句子的谓语分别是was stolen 和are invented。
二、主动语态变为被动语态:1. 一般现在时:My mother cleans our house every Sunday afternoon.主语谓语宾语状语(我妈妈每个周日下午都打扫家。
)这个句子的主语my mother是谓语动词clean的执行者,为主动语态,要将其变为被动语态就需要:(1)将宾语our house提前变为主语;(2)添加助动词be,构成be+过去分词(done)的形式做谓语动词;(3)主语my mother用by引导,表示“由…做”,即变为:Our house is cleaned by my mother every Sunday afternoon.主语谓语状语状语(我们家每周日下午都被我妈妈打扫。
)我们需要重点研究被动语态的谓语动词,即Be+过去分词(done)。
在被动语态中主要动词被规定为了过去分词V-ed(done)的形式,其作为谓语动词需要承担的变化---三单和时态的变化便由助动词be承担。
当句子为一般现在时时,其被动语态的谓语动词为:am done(主语是I);is done (主语是单数);are done(主语为复数)。
如上面的句子,其主语为our house,单数,所以谓语动词为is cleaned。
2. 一般过去时:Our school built a big playground last year.主语谓语宾语状语(去年我们学校建了一个大操场。
)A big playground was built by our school last year.主语谓语状语状语(去年一个大操场被我们学校建造了。
)当句子为一般过去时,其被动语态的谓语动词为:was done(主语是单数);were done(主语为复数)。
上面的句子主语为a big playground,单数,所以谓语动词为was built。
3. 一般将来时:I will pick more apples next year in your garden.主语谓语宾语状语(明年我将在你的院子里摘更多的苹果。
)More apples will be picked by me next year in your garden.主语谓语状语状语(明年你的院子里更多的苹果将会被我采摘。
)当句子为一般将来时时,其主动语态的谓语动词为will do,将其转化为被动语态后,助动词be置于主要动词之前,变化为will be done的形式,will后面的动词都为原型。
上面的句子变为被动语态后谓语动词为will be picked。
4. 现在进行时:The worker is repairing his car at the moment.主语谓语宾语状语(工人现在正在修理他的车。
)His car is being repaired by the worker at the moment.主语谓语状语状语(他的车现在正在被工人修理。
)当句子为现在进行时时,主动语态的谓语动词为be doing,这个be动词辅助主要动词构成进行时态,要将其转化为被动语态,需要再添加一个助动词be形成be+being+done的形式。
要注意:be后面有现在分词being时,be翻译成“在”;being后面有过去分词done时,being翻译成“被”,所以be being done翻译为“正在被做”。
当主语是I时,谓语动词为am being done;当主语是单数时,谓语动词为:is being done;当主语是复数时,谓语动词为are being done。
5. 现在完成时:Students have finished their homework quickly.主语谓语宾语状语(学生们很快就已经完成作业了。
)Their homework has been finished quickly by students.主语谓语状语状语(作业很快地已经被学生们完成了。
)当句子为现在完成时时,主动语态的句子谓语动词为have/has done。
要将其转化为被动语态的话,需要再添加助动词be形成have+been+done的形式。
要注意:have后面有过去分词been时,翻译成“已经”;been后面有过去分词done时,翻译成“被”,所以have been done翻译成“已经被做”。
当主语是单数时,谓语动词为has been done;当主语是复数时,谓语动词为have been done。
6. 过去完成时:My sister had cleaned her room last week.主语谓语宾语状语(我妹妹在上周已经打扫了她的房间。
)Her room had been cleaned by my sister last week.主语谓语状语(她的房间在上周就已经被我妹妹打扫了。
)发生在过去时间点之前的动作用过去完成时,过去完成时的谓语动词为had done,将其转化为被动语态需要添加助动词be形成had+been+done的形式,had been done仍然翻译成“已经被做”。
三、不用被动语态的情况:1. 不及物动词和动词短语糟糕的事情在去年夏天发生在他身上。
(错误)The bad things was occurred to him last summer.(正确)The bad things occurred to him last summer.这件大事发生在2008年。
(错误)The big event was taken place in 2008.(正确)This big event took place in 2008.上面第一个例子,我们在“及物动词和不及物动词”中已经提过,不及物动词和动词短语没有被动语态,因为其后面不接宾语,没有动作的承受者。
这样的例子还有appear(出现), fail(失败), happen(发生), last(持续), remain (保持), sit(坐), spread(传播), stand(忍受), break out(爆发), come true (实现), fall asleep(入睡), keep silence(保持沉默), lose heart(丧失信心)和take place(发生)等。
2. 系动词Jack looks fine.(杰克看起来气色不错。
)The boys seem happy.(男孩子们似乎很开心。
)系动词存在于系表结构中,没有动作的承受者,所以不存在被动语态。
3. 主动形式表被动这尝起来很美味。
(错误)It is tasted delicious.(正确)It tastes delicious.这本书读起来很有趣。
(错误)This book is read interesting.(正确)This book reads interesting.一些表示主语质地和自身特征的动词,如write(写),wash(洗),sell(卖),read(读),cut(切),draw(画)等词,后面常和副词well或easily连用,表示被动意义。