英语中的省略
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高考英语语法——省略无论在口语中还是在书面语中,有时为了讲话简洁或行文方便,常常在不影响文意的情况下将句子中的某些成分略去,这种现象称为省略。
纵观历年高考试题,”省略”在单项填空中频频出现.简单句中的省略1、省略主语祈使句中主语通常省略;其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。
(1)(I)Thank you for your help。
(2)(I) See you tomorrow.(3)(It)Doesn't matter.(4) (I)Beg your pardon。
2、省略主谓或主谓语的一部分(1)(There is)No smoking 。
(2)(Is there) Anything wrong ?(3) (Will you)Have a smoke ?(4) What/How (do you think) about a cup of tea ?(5) Why (do you)not say hello to him ?3、省略作宾语的不定式短语,只保留to,但如果该宾语是动词be或完成时态,则须在之后加上be或have:(1)–Are you going there?——Yes,I’d like to (go there)。
(2)He didn't give me the chance,though he had promised to (give me the chance)。
(3) –Are you an engineer? ——No,but I want to be。
(4)–He hasn’t finished the task yet. —-Well,he ought to have.4、省略表语(1) –Are you thirsty? ——Yes,I am (thirsty)。
(2)His brother isn’t lazy, nor is his sister (lazy).5、同时省略几个成分(1)Let’s meet at the same place as (we met)yesterday。
英语中的几种省略现象,这样分类学起来简单多了!英语中有时为了避免重复,使语言简练紧凑,在不损害句子结构的前提下,往往省去一个或多个句子成分,这种语法现象称为省略。
1简单句中的省略简单句中的省略,在口语中最为常用,可省略主语、谓语、主语和谓语的一部分、宾语等。
例如:a. (It) Sounds like a good idea.b. (Is there) Anything else?2并列句或并列结构中同等句子成分的省略在并列句或并列结构中,如果前后两部分有同等句子成分,为避免重复,同等句子成分可以在一处省略。
例如:a. Mary is tall and (she is) beautiful.b. I can’t decide whether to go to the library or not (to go to the library). 3状语从句中的省略1. 在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中,若从句的主语和主句的主语相同且从句中的谓语动词含有be动词,可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。
例如:Unless (I am) invited, I will not go to your birthday party.2. 在if it is possible, when it is necessary等类似结构中,it is常可省略。
例如:If (it is) possible, Lisa will do a part-time job.4定语从句中的省略当关系代词that,which等在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后时,关系代词可以省略;in which或that在先行词way后时可省略。
例如:a. Is the book (that / which) you’re reading interesting?b. This is the way (in which / that) your parents love you.5不定式符号to的省略1. 在感官动词(see, hear, feel等)和使役动词(have, make, let等)后作宾语补足语时,不定式符号to需省略。
英语中的省略为了避免重复,英语句子中某些部分可以省略。
常见的省略有以下几种:一、状语从句中的省略在时间、条件、让步及比较状语从句中,如主句和从句主语一致(或从句主语是it),且从句含be动词时,可将从句中的主语和be动词省略,从而构成“连词+ 分词/形容词/副词/介词”结构。
这里常见的连词有when/while/as/if/unless/once/although/though/than等。
When (water is )heated, water is turned into vapor. 水加热时变成气体。
He works very hard though(he is)rather weak. 他尽管体弱,但他十分努力地工作。
He came earlier than(he had been)expected. 他来得比预料的要早。
考例:①The research is so designed that once ____ nothing can be done to change it.A. beginsB. having begunC. beginningD. begun②If you go to Xi' an, you will find the palaces there more magnificent than commonly ___ .A. supposingB. supposedC. to supposeD. suppose分析:①D。
once后省略了the research is begun ②B。
比较状语从句中的完整形式是:than they are commonly supposed。
二、并列结构的省略1.并列结构一般由and, or, but等连接,他们可以连接单词、短语或分句,其中相同成分出现时可以被省略。
One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and ____.A.the other is whiteB. another whiteC. the other whiteD. another is white选C。
英语中几种常用省略的用法总结省略在英语语言的应用非常广泛,其中有很多常用的省略用法。
下面总结一下以往常见的一些省略形式:一、表示未表达完整的缩写1、单字缩写。
如: is,>’s; has,>’s; have,>’ve;I,>I’m; he,>he’s; she,>she’s; do,>do’s;does,>does’s; am,>am’s2、多字缩写。
如:are not,>aren’t; cannot,>can’t; do not,>don’t; will not,>won’t; have not,>haven’t; would not,>wouldn’t; could not,>couldn’t; shouldnot,>shouldn’t; it is,>it’s; that is,>that’s; there is,>there’s二、表示不完整词组的省略1、定语从句中的省略。
如:(1) All the students (who are) present here are eager to study.(2) This is the reason (why) he decided to quit his job.2、表示概念的省略。
如:(1) TV and radio (programmes).(2) To do more exercise (is beneficial to your health).三、表示句子成分的省略1、宾语的省略。
如:(1) I like to read (books).(2) He gave me an answer (to my question).2、表语的省略。
如:(1) He is a teacher (of English).(2) The weather today is (very) hot.3、主语的省略。