2020-2021广州二中应元学校高三数学上期末试卷附答案
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2020-2021广州市二中应元高中三年级数学下期末试题(含答案)一、选择题1.设1i2i 1iz -=++,则||z =A .0B .12C .1 D2.某学校开展研究性学习活动,某同学获得一组实验数据如下表:对于表中数据,现给出以下拟合曲线,其中拟合程度最好的是( ) A .22y x =-B .1()2xy =C .2y log x =D .()2112y x =- 3.已知变量x 与y 正相关,且由观测数据算得样本平均数3x =, 3.5y =,则由该观测的数据算得的线性回归方程可能是( ) A .$0.4 2.3y x =+ B .$2 2.4y x =- C .$29.5y x =-+D .$0.3 4.4y x =-+4.已知532()231f x x x x x =++++,应用秦九韶算法计算3x =时的值时,3v 的值为( ) A .27B .11C .109D .365.已知非零向量a b r r ,满足2a b r r =,且ba b ⊥r r r (–),则a r 与b r的夹角为 A .π6B .π3C .2π3D .5π66.数列2,5,11,20,x ,47...中的x 等于( ) A .28B .32C .33D .277.函数()sin(2)2f x x π=-的图象与函数()g x 的图象关于直线8x π=对称,则关于函数()y g x =以下说法正确的是( )A .最大值为1,图象关于直线2x π=对称B .在0,4π⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭上单调递减,为奇函数 C .在3,88ππ⎛⎫-⎪⎝⎭上单调递增,为偶函数 D .周期为π,图象关于点3,08π⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭对称 8.函数f (x )=2sin(ωx +φ)(ω>0,-2π<φ<2π)的部分图象如图所示,则ω、φ的值分别是( )A .2,-3π B .2,-6π C .4,-6πD .4,3π 9.2n n +<n+1(n∈N *),某同学应用数学归纳法的证明过程如下: (1)当n=1时211+不等式成立.(2)假设当n=k(k∈N *)时,不等式成立,2k k +<k+1. 那么当n=k+1时()()()2222(k 1)k 1k 3k 2k3k 2k 2(k 2)+++=++<+++++所以当n=k+1时,不等式也成立.根据(1)和(2),可知对于任何n∈N *,不等式均成立. 则上述证法( ) A .过程全部正确 B .n=1验得不正确C .归纳假设不正确D .从n=k 到n=k+1的证明过程不正确10.已知全集{}1,0,1,2,3U =-,集合{}0,1,2A =,{}1,0,1B =-,则U A B =I ð( ) A .{}1- B .{}0,1 C .{}1,2,3-D .{}1,0,1,3-11.已知长方体的长、宽、高分别是3,4,5,且它的8个顶点都在同一球面上,则这个球的表面积是( ) A .25πB .50πC .125πD .都不对12.抛掷一枚骰子,记事件A 为“落地时向上的点数是奇数”,事件B 为“落地时向上的点数是偶数”,事件C 为“落地时向上的点数是3的倍数”,事件D 为“落地时向上的点数是6或4”,则下列每对事件是互斥事件但不是对立事件的是( ) A .A 与BB .B 与CC .A 与DD .C 与D二、填空题13.曲线21y x x=+在点(1,2)处的切线方程为______________.14.已知实数x ,y 满足24240x y x y y -≥⎧⎪+≤⎨⎪≤⎩,则32z x y =-的最小值是__________.15.函数log (1)1(01)a y x a a =-+>≠且的图象恒过定点A ,若点A 在一次函数y mx n =+的图象上,其中,0,m n >则12m n+的最小值为 16.设正数,a b 满足21a b +=,则11a b+的最小值为__________. 17.已知样本数据,,,的均值,则样本数据,,,的均值为 .18.从2位女生,4位男生中选3人参加科技比赛,且至少有1位女生入选,则不同的选法共有_____________种.(用数字填写答案)19.已知正三棱锥P ABC -的底面边长为3,外接球的表面积为16π,则正三棱锥P ABC -的体积为________.20.ABC △的内角,,A B C 的对边分别为,,a b c .若π6,2,3b ac B ===,则ABC △的面积为__________.三、解答题21.11分制乒乓球比赛,每赢一球得1分,当某局打成10:10平后,每球交换发球权,先多得2分的一方获胜,该局比赛结束.甲、乙两位同学进行单打比赛,假设甲发球时甲得分的概率为0.5,乙发球时甲得分的概率为0.4,各球的结果相互独立.在某局双方10:10平后,甲先发球,两人又打了X 个球该局比赛结束. (1)求P (X =2);(2)求事件“X =4且甲获胜”的概率.22.如图,在四棱锥P−ABCD 中,AB//CD ,且90BAP CDP ∠=∠=o .(1)证明:平面P AB ⊥平面P AD ;(2)若P A =PD =AB =DC ,90APD ∠=o ,求二面角A −PB −C 的余弦值.23.为评估设备生产某种零件的性能,从设备生产该零件的流水线上随机抽取100个零件为样本,测量其直径后,整理得到下表:经计算,样本的平均值,标准差,以频率值作为概率的估计值.(I )为评判一台设备的性能,从该设备加工的零件中任意抽取一件,记其直径为,并根据以下不等式进行判定(表示相应事件的概率): ①; ②; ③.判定规则为:若同时满足上述三个式子,则设备等级为甲;若仅满足其中两个,则等级为乙,若仅满足其中一个,则等级为丙;若全部都不满足,则等级为了.试判断设备的性能等级.(Ⅱ)将直径尺寸在之外的零件认定为是“次品”.①从设备的生产流水线上随机抽取2个零件,求其中次品个数的数学期望;②从样本中随意抽取2个零件,求其中次品个数的数学期望.24.已知等差数列{}n a 满足:12a =,且1a ,2a ,5a 成等比数列. (1)求数列{}n a 的通项公式;(2)记n S 为数列{}n a 的前n 项和,是否存在正整数n ,使得60800n S n >+ ?若存在,求n 的最小值;若不存在,说明理由. 25.已知函数()ln f x x x =. (1)若函数2()1()f x g x x x=-,求()g x 的极值; (2)证明:2()1xf x e x +<-.(参考数据:ln20.69≈ ln3 1.10≈ 32 4.48e ≈ 27.39e ≈)26.如图,在四面体ABCD 中,△ABC 是等边三角形,平面ABC ⊥平面ABD ,点M 为棱AB 的中点,AB =2,AD =3BAD =90°. (Ⅰ)求证:AD ⊥BC ;(Ⅱ)求异面直线BC 与MD 所成角的余弦值; (Ⅲ)求直线CD 与平面ABD 所成角的正弦值.【参考答案】***试卷处理标记,请不要删除一、选择题 1.C 解析:C 【解析】分析:利用复数的除法运算法则:分子、分母同乘以分母的共轭复数,化简复数z ,然后求解复数的模. 详解:()()()()1i 1i 1i2i 2i 1i 1i 1i z ---=+=++-+ i 2i i =-+=,则1z =,故选c.点睛:复数是高考中的必考知识,主要考查复数的概念及复数的运算.要注意对实部、虚部的理解,掌握纯虚数、共轭复数这些重要概念,复数的运算主要考查除法运算,通过分母实数化转化为复数的乘法,运算时特别要注意多项式相乘后的化简,防止简单问题出错,造成不必要的失分.2.D解析:D 【解析】 【分析】根据,x y 的数值变化规律推测二者之间的关系,最贴切的是二次关系. 【详解】根据实验数据可以得出,x 近似增加一个单位时,y 的增量近似为2.5,3.5,4.5,6,比较接近()2112y x =-,故选D. 【点睛】本题主要考查利用实验数据确定拟合曲线,求解关键是观察变化规律,侧重考查数据分析的核心素养.3.A解析:A 【解析】试题分析:因为与正相关,排除选项C 、D ,又因为线性回归方程恒过样本点的中心,故排除选项B ;故选A .考点:线性回归直线.4.D解析:D 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】 由秦九韶算法可得()())((())532231? 02311,f x x x x x x x x x x =++++=+++++0ν1∴=1ν=1303⨯+= 2ν33211=⨯+= 3ν113336=⨯+=故答案选D5.B解析:B 【解析】 【分析】本题主要考查利用平面向量数量积计算向量长度、夹角与垂直问题,渗透了转化与化归、数学计算等数学素养.先由()a b b -⊥r r r 得出向量,a b r r的数量积与其模的关系,再利用向量夹角公式即可计算出向量夹角. 【详解】因为()a b b -⊥r r r ,所以2()a b b a b b -⋅=⋅-r r r r r r =0,所以2a b b ⋅=r r r ,所以cos θ=22||122||a b b b a b ⋅==⋅r r r r r r ,所以a r 与b r 的夹角为3π,故选B . 【点睛】对向量夹角的计算,先计算出向量的数量积及各个向量的摸,在利用向量夹角公式求出夹角的余弦值,再求出夹角,注意向量夹角范围为[0,]π.6.B解析:B 【解析】 【分析】通过观察,得出该数列从第二项起,后一项与前一项的差分别是3的倍数,由此可求得x 的值. 【详解】因为数列的前几项为2,5,11,20,,47x , 其中5213,11523,201133-=⨯-=⨯-=⨯, 可得2043x -=⨯,解得32x =,故选B. 【点睛】本题主要考查了数列的概念及其应用,其中解答中根据题意发现数列中数字的排布规律是解答的关键,着重考查了分析问题和解答问题的能力,属于基础题.7.B解析:B 【解析】 【分析】先求出函数y=g(x)的解析式,再利用三角函数的图像和性质对每一个选项逐一分析判断. 【详解】设点P(x,y)是函数()y g x =图像上的任意一点,则点Q (x ,)4y π-+在函数y=f(x)的图像上,sin[2(-x+)]sin 2()42y x g x ππ=-=-=,对于选项A,函数y=g(x)的最大值为1,但是()012g π=≠±,所以图象不关于直线2x π=对称,所以该选项是错误的;对于选项B,()()g x g x -=-,所以函数g(x)是奇函数,解222+22k x k ππππ-≤≤得+44k x k ππππ-≤≤,)k Z ∈(,所以函数在0,4π⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭上单调递减,所以该选项是正确的; 对于选项C,由前面分析得函数y=g(x)的增区间为3[+,]()44k k k Z ππππ+∈,且函数y=g(x)不是偶函数,故该选项是错误;对于选项D,函数的周期为π,解2,,2k x k x ππ=∴=所以函数图像的对称中心为,0)(k Z)2k π∈(,所以该选项是错误的. 故选:B 【点睛】本题主要三角函数的解析式的求法,考查三角函数的图像和性质,意在考查学生对这些知识的理解掌握水平和分析推理能力.8.A【解析】 【分析】由函数f (x )=2sin (ωx+φ)的部分图象,求得T 、ω和φ的值. 【详解】由函数f (x )=2sin (ωx+φ)的部分图象知,3T 5π412=-(π3-)3π4=, ∴T 2πω==π,解得ω=2; 又由函数f (x )的图象经过(5π12,2), ∴2=2sin (25π12⨯+φ), ∴5π6+φ=2kππ2+,k∈Z, 即φ=2kππ3-, 又由π2-<φπ2<,则φπ3=-; 综上所述,ω=2、φπ3=-. 故选A . 【点睛】本题考查了正弦型函数的图象与性质的应用问题,是基础题.9.D解析:D 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】题目中当n=k+1时不等式的证明没有用到n=k 时的不等式,正确的证明过程如下:在(2)中假设n k = 1k <+ (1)1k ++成立,即1n k =+时成立,故选D . 点睛:数学归纳法证明中需注意的事项(1)初始值的验证是归纳的基础,归纳递推是证题的关键,两个步骤缺一不可. (2)在用数学归纳法证明问题的过程中,要注意从k 到k +1时命题中的项与项数的变化,防止对项数估算错误.(3)解题中要注意步骤的完整性和规范性,过程中要体现数学归纳法证题的形式.10.A【解析】 【分析】本题根据交集、补集的定义可得.容易题,注重了基础知识、基本计算能力的考查. 【详解】={1,3}U C A -,则(){1}U C A B =-I【点睛】易于理解集补集的概念、交集概念有误.11.B解析:B 【解析】 【分析】根据长方体的对角线长等于其外接球的直径,求得2252R =,再由球的表面积公式,即可求解. 【详解】设球的半径为R ,根据长方体的对角线长等于其外接球的直径,可得2R =2252R =,所以球的表面积为22544502S R πππ==⨯=球. 故选:B 【点睛】本题主要考查了长方体的外接球的性质,以及球的表面积的计算,其中解答中熟练应用长方体的对角线长等于其外接球的直径,求得球的半径是解答的关键,着重考查了运算与求解能力,属于基础题.12.C解析:C 【解析】分析:利用互斥事件、对立事件的概念直接求解判断即可. 详解:在A 中,A 与B 是对立事件,故不正确;在B 中,B 与C 能同时发生,不是互斥事件,所以不正确;在C 中,A 与D 两个事件不能同时发生,但能同时不发生,所以是互斥事件,但不是对立事件,所以是正确的;在D 中,C 与D 能同时发生,不是互斥事件,所以是错误的. 综上所述,故选C.点睛:本题主要考查了命题的真假判定,属于基础题,解答时要认真审题,注意互斥事件与对立事件的定义的合理运用,同时牢记互斥事件和对立事件的基本概念是解答的基础.二、填空题13.【解析】设则所以所以曲线在点处的切线方程为即点睛:求曲线的切线方程是导数的重要应用之一用导数求切线方程的关键在于求出斜率其求法为:设是曲线上的一点则以为切点的切线方程是若曲线在点处的切线平行于轴(即 解析:1y x =+【解析】设()y f x =,则21()2f x x x'=-,所以(1)211f '=-=, 所以曲线21y x x=+在点(1,2)处的切线方程为21(1)y x -=⨯-,即1y x =+. 点睛:求曲线的切线方程是导数的重要应用之一,用导数求切线方程的关键在于求出斜率,其求法为:设00(,)P x y 是曲线()y f x =上的一点,则以P 为切点的切线方程是000()()y y f x x x '-=-.若曲线()y f x =在点00(,())P x f x 处的切线平行于y 轴(即导数不存在)时,由切线定义知,切线方程为0x x =.14.6【解析】【分析】画出不等式组表示的可行域由可得平移直线结合图形可得最优解于是可得所求最小值【详解】画出不等式组表示的可行域如图中阴影部分所示由可得平移直线结合图形可得当直线经过可行域内的点A 时直线解析:6 【解析】 【分析】画出不等式组表示的可行域,由32z x y =-可得322z y x =-,平移直线322zy x =-,结合图形可得最优解,于是可得所求最小值. 【详解】画出不等式组表示的可行域,如图中阴影部分所示.由32z x y =-可得322zy x =-. 平移直线322z y x =-,结合图形可得,当直线322zy x =-经过可行域内的点A 时,直线在y 轴上的截距最大,此时z 取得最小值.由题意得A 点坐标为(2,0), ∴min 326z =⨯=,即32z x y =-的最小值是6. 故答案为6. 【点睛】求目标函数(0)z ax by ab =+≠的最值时,可将函数z ax by =+转化为直线的斜截式:a zy x b b =-+,通过求直线的纵截距z b 的最值间接求出z 的最值.解题时要注意:①当0b >时,截距z b 取最大值时,z 也取最大值;截距zb取最小值时,z 也取最小值;②当0b <时,截距z b 取最大值时,z 取最小值;截距zb取最小值时,z 取最大值. 15.8【解析】∵函数(且)的图象恒过定点A∴当时∴又点A 在一次函数的图象上其中∴又∴∴(当且仅当时取)故答案为8点睛:本题主要考查了基本不等式基本不等式求最值应注意的问题(1)使用基本不等式求最值其失误解析:8 【解析】∵函数log 11a y x =-+()(0a >,且1a ≠)的图象恒过定点A , ∴当2x =时,1y =,∴()21A ,,又点A 在一次函数y mx n =+的图象上,其中0mn >,∴21m n +=,又0mn >,∴0m >,0n >,∴()12124 248n mm n m n m n m n+=+⋅+=++≥(),(当且仅当122n m ==时取“=”),故答案为8.点睛:本题主要考查了基本不等式.基本不等式求最值应注意的问题(1)使用基本不等式求最值,其失误的真正原因是对其前提“一正、二定、三相等”的忽视.要利用基本不等式求最值,这三个条件缺一不可.(2)在运用基本不等式时,要特别注意“拆”“拼”“凑”等技巧,使其满足基本不等式中“正”“定”“等”的条件.16.【解析】则则的最小值为点睛:本题主要考查基本不等式解决本题的关键是由有在用基本不等式求最值时应具备三个条件:一正二定三相等①一正:关系式中各项均为正数;②二定:关系式中含变量的各项的和或积必须有一个解析:3+【解析】21a b Q +=,则1111223+3b a a b a b a b a b +=++=+≥+()()11a b+的最小值为3+点睛:本题主要考查基本不等式,解决本题的关键是由21a b +=,有11112a b a b a b+=++()(),在用基本不等式求最值时,应具备三个条件:一正二定三相等.①一正:关系式中,各项均为正数;②二定:关系式中,含变量的各项的和或积必须有一个为定值;③三相等:含变量的各项均相等,取得最值.17.11【解析】因为样本数据x1x2⋅⋅⋅xn 的均值x=5所以样本数据2x1+12x2+1⋅⋅⋅2xn+1的均值为2x+1=2×5+1=11所以答案应填:11考点:均值的性质 解析:【解析】 因为样本数据,,,的均值,所以样本数据,,,的均值为,所以答案应填:.考点:均值的性质.18.【解析】【分析】首先想到所选的人中没有女生有多少种选法再者需要确定从人中任选人的选法种数之后应用减法运算求得结果【详解】根据题意没有女生入选有种选法从名学生中任意选人有种选法故至少有位女生入选则不同 解析:16【解析】 【分析】首先想到所选的人中没有女生,有多少种选法,再者需要确定从6人中任选3人的选法种数,之后应用减法运算,求得结果. 【详解】根据题意,没有女生入选有344C =种选法,从6名学生中任意选3人有3620C =种选法,故至少有1位女生入选,则不同的选法共有20416-=种,故答案是16. 【点睛】该题是一道关于组合计数的题目,并且在涉及到“至多、至少”问题时多采用间接法,一般方法是得出选3人的选法种数,间接法就是利用总的减去没有女生的选法种数,该题还可以用直接法,分别求出有1名女生和有两名女生分别有多少种选法,之后用加法运算求解.19.或【解析】【分析】做出简图找到球心根据勾股定理列式求解棱锥的高得到两种情况【详解】正三棱锥的外接球的表面积为根据公式得到根据题意画出图像设三棱锥的高为hP 点在底面的投影为H 点则底面三角形的外接圆半径解析:33493【解析】 【分析】做出简图,找到球心,根据勾股定理列式求解棱锥的高,得到两种情况.【详解】正三棱锥P ABC -的外接球的表面积为16π,根据公式得到21642,r r ππ=⇒= 根据题意画出图像,设三棱锥的高为h,P 点在底面的投影为H 点,则2,2,2OP r OA r OH h =====-,底面三角形的外接圆半径为AH ,根据正弦定理得到323sin 60= 3.在三角形OAH 中根据勾股定理得到()223413h h -+=⇒=或 三棱锥的体积为:13ABC h S ⨯⨯V 代入数据得到1313313332⨯⨯⨯=或者1319333 3.324⨯⨯⨯= 故答案为:334或34【点睛】这个题目考查了已知棱锥的外接球的半径,求解其中的一些量;涉及棱锥的外接球的球心的求法,一般外接球需要求球心和半径,首先应确定球心的位置,借助于外接球的性质,球心到各顶点距离相等,这样可先确定几何体中部分点组成的多边形的外接圆的圆心,过圆心且垂直于多边形所在平面的直线上任一点到多边形的顶点的距离相等,然后同样的方法找到另一个多边形的各顶点距离相等的直线(这两个多边形需有公共点),这样两条直线的交点,就是其外接球的球心,再根据半径,顶点到底面中心的距离,球心到底面中心的距离,构成勾股定理求解,有时也可利用补体法得到半径,例:三条侧棱两两垂直的三棱锥,可以补成长方体,它们是同一个外接球.20.【解析】【分析】本题首先应用余弦定理建立关于的方程应用的关系三角形面积公式计算求解本题属于常见题目难度不大注重了基础知识基本方法数学式子的变形及运算求解能力的考查【详解】由余弦定理得所以即解得(舍去 解析:3【解析】 【分析】本题首先应用余弦定理,建立关于c 的方程,应用,a c 的关系、三角形面积公式计算求解,本题属于常见题目,难度不大,注重了基础知识、基本方法、数学式子的变形及运算求解能力的考查. 【详解】由余弦定理得2222cos b a c ac B =+-, 所以2221(2)2262c c c c +-⨯⨯⨯=, 即212c =解得c c ==-所以2a c ==11sin 22ABC S ac B ∆==⨯= 【点睛】本题涉及正数开平方运算,易错点往往是余弦定理应用有误或是开方导致错误.解答此类问题,关键是在明确方法的基础上,准确记忆公式,细心计算.三、解答题21.(1)0.5;(2)0.1 【解析】 【分析】(1)本题首先可以通过题意推导出()2P X =所包含的事件为“甲连赢两球或乙连赢两球”,然后计算出每种事件的概率并求和即可得出结果;(2)本题首先可以通过题意推导出()4P X =所包含的事件为“前两球甲乙各得1分,后两球均为甲得分”,然后计算出每种事件的概率并求和即可得出结果. 【详解】(1)由题意可知,()2P X =所包含的事件为“甲连赢两球或乙连赢两球” 所以()20.50.40.50.60.5P X ==??(2)由题意可知,()4P X =包含的事件为“前两球甲乙各得1分,后两球均为甲得分”所以()40.50.60.50.4+0.50.40.50.40.1P X ==创创创= 【点睛】本题考查古典概型的相关性质,能否通过题意得出()2P X =以及()4P X =所包含的事件是解决本题的关键,考查推理能力,考查学生从题目中获取所需信息的能力,是中档题.22.(1)见解析;(2) 【解析】 【详解】(1)由已知90BAP CDP ∠=∠=︒,得AB ⊥AP ,CD ⊥PD . 由于AB//CD ,故AB ⊥PD ,从而AB ⊥平面P AD . 又AB ⊂平面P AB ,所以平面P AB ⊥平面P AD . (2)在平面PAD 内作PF AD ⊥,垂足为F ,由(1)可知,AB ⊥平面PAD ,故AB PF ⊥,可得PF ⊥平面ABCD .以F 为坐标原点,FA u u u v的方向为x 轴正方向,ABu u u v 为单位长,建立如图所示的空间直角坐标系F xyz -.由(1)及已知可得22A ⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭,2P ⎛ ⎝⎭,2,1,02B ⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭,22C ⎛⎫- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭. 所以2222PC ⎛⎫=-- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭u u u v ,)2,0,0CB =u u u v ,2222PA ⎛=- ⎝⎭u u u v ,()0,1,0AB =u u uv . 设(),,n x y z =r是平面PCB 的法向量,则0,0,n PC n CB ⎧⋅=⎨⋅=⎩u u uv r u u u v r即220,2220,x y z x ⎧-+-=⎪⎨⎪=⎩可取(0,1,2n =--r.设(),,m x y z r =是平面PAB 的法向量,则 0,0,m PA m AB ⎧⋅=⎨⋅=⎩u uu v r u u u v r 即220,0.x z y =⎪=⎩可取()1,0,1m =r. 则3cos ,n m n m n m ⋅==r r r rr r ,所以二面角A PB C --的余弦值为3【名师点睛】高考对空间向量与立体几何的考查主要体现在以下几个方面: ①求异面直线所成的角,关键是转化为两直线的方向向量的夹角;②求直线与平面所成的角,关键是转化为直线的方向向量和平面的法向量的夹角; ③求二面角,关键是转化为两平面的法向量的夹角.建立空间直角坐标系和表示出所需点的坐标是解题的关键. 23.(I )丙级;(Ⅱ)①;②.【解析】 【分析】(I )以频率值作为概率计算出相应概率,再利用判定规则的三个式子得出判断设备的性能等级。
2020-2021广州市高中必修一数学上期末模拟试卷(附答案)一、选择题1.已知集合21,01,2A =--{,,},{}|(1)(2)0B x x x =-+<,则A B =I ( )A .{}1,0-B .{}0,1C .{}1,0,1-D .{}0,1,22.已知()f x 是偶函数,它在[)0,+∞上是增函数.若()()lg 1f x f <-,则x 的取值范围是( )A .1,110⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭B .()10,10,10骣琪??琪桫C .1,1010⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭D .()()0,110,⋃+∞3.已知函数()ln ln(2)f x x x =+-,则 A .()f x 在(0,2)单调递增 B .()f x 在(0,2)单调递减C .()y =f x 的图像关于直线x=1对称D .()y =f x 的图像关于点(1,0)对称4.若函数f(x)=a |2x -4|(a>0,a≠1)满足f(1)=19,则f(x)的单调递减区间是( ) A .(-∞,2] B .[2,+∞) C .[-2,+∞) D .(-∞,-2]5.对于函数()f x ,在使()f x m ≤恒成立的式子中,常数m 的最小值称为函数()f x 的“上界值”,则函数33()33x x f x -=+的“上界值”为( )A .2B .-2C .1D .-16.下列函数中,值域是()0,+∞的是( ) A .2y x = B .211y x =+ C .2x y =-D .()lg 1(0)y x x =+>7.已知函数()2x xe ef x --=,x ∈R ,若对任意0,2πθ⎛⎤∈ ⎥⎝⎦,都有()()sin 10f f m θ+->成立,则实数m 的取值范围是( )A .()0,1B .()0,2C .(),1-∞D .(]1-∞, 8.若二次函数()24f x ax x =-+对任意的()12,1,x x ∈-+∞,且12x x ≠,都有()()12120f x f x x x -<-,则实数a 的取值范围为( )A .1,02⎡⎫-⎪⎢⎣⎭B .1,2⎡⎫-+∞⎪⎢⎣⎭C .1,02⎛⎫-⎪⎝⎭D .1,2⎛⎫-+∞ ⎪⎝⎭9.已知01a <<,则方程log xa a x =根的个数为( )A .1个B .2个C .3个D .1个或2个或3根10.若函数()[)[]1,1,0{44,0,1xx x f x x ⎛⎫∈- ⎪=⎝⎭∈,则f (log 43)=( ) A .13B .14C .3D .411.函数y =11x -在[2,3]上的最小值为( ) A .2B .12 C .13 D .-1212.对任意实数x ,规定()f x 取4x -,1x +,()152x -三个值中的最小值,则()f x ( )A .无最大值,无最小值B .有最大值2,最小值1C .有最大值1,无最小值D .有最大值2,无最小值 二、填空题13.已知函数12()log f x x a =+,2()2g x x x =-,对任意的11[,2]4x ∈,总存在2[1,2]x ∈-,使得12()()f x g x =,则实数a 的取值范围是______________.14.若函数() 1263f x x m x x =-+-+-在2x =时取得最小值,则实数m 的取值范围是______;15.己知函数()221f x x ax a =-++-在区间[]01,上的最大值是2,则实数a =______.16.已知函数2()2f x x ax a =-+++,1()2x g x +=,若关于x 的不等式()()f x g x >恰有两个非负整数....解,则实数a 的取值范围是__________. 17.已知35m n k ==,且112m n+=,则k =__________ 18.若存在实数(),m n m n <,使得[],x m n ∈时,函数()()2log xa f x at =+的值域也为[],m n ,其中0a >且1a ≠,则实数t 的取值范围是______.19.若函数()242x xf x a a =+-(0a >,1a ≠)在区间[]1,1-的最大值为10,则a =______.20.已知a >b >1.若log a b+log b a=52,a b =b a ,则a= ,b= . 三、解答题21.已知函数31()31x xf x -=+. (1)证明:()f x 为奇函数;(2)判断()f x 的单调性,并加以证明; (3)求()f x 的值域.22.已知集合{}{}{}|2318,|215,|1A x x B x x C x x a x a =≤-≤=-<=≤≥+或. (1)求,A B A B I U ;(2)若()R C C A ⊆,求实数a 的取值范围. 23.已知函数2()1()f x x mx m =-+∈R .(1)若函数()f x 在[]1,1x ∈-上是单调函数,求实数m 的取值范围; (2)若函数()f x 在[]1,2x ∈上有最大值为3,求实数m 的值. 24.已知()1log 1axf x x-=+(0a >,且1a ≠). (1)当(],x t t ∈-(其中()1,1t ∈-,且t 为常数)时,()f x 是否存在最小值,如果存在,求出最小值;如果不存在,请说明理由;(2)当1a >时,求满足不等式()()2430f x f x -+-≥的实数x 的取值范围. 25.已知全集U=R ,集合{}12A x x x =-或 ,{}213U B x x p x p 或=-+ð. (1)若12p =,求A B ⋂; (2)若A B B ⋂=,求实数p 的取值范围.26.设全集U =R ,集合{}13A x x =-≤<,{}242B x x x =-≤-. (1)求()U A C B ⋂;(2)若函数()lg(2)f x x a =+的定义域为集合C ,满足A C ⊆,求实数a 的取值范围.【参考答案】***试卷处理标记,请不要删除一、选择题 1.A 解析:A 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】由已知得{}|21B x x =-<<,因为21,01,2A =--{,,},所以{}1,0A B ⋂=-,故选A .2.C解析:C 【解析】 【分析】利用偶函数的性质将不等式()()lg 1f x f <-变形为()()lg 1f x f <,再由函数()y f x =在[)0,+∞上的单调性得出lg 1x <,利用绝对值不等式的解法和对数函数的单调性即可求出结果. 【详解】由于函数()y f x =是偶函数,由()()lg 1f x f <-得()()lg 1f x f <, 又Q 函数()y f x =在[)0,+∞上是增函数,则lg 1x <,即1lg 1x -<<,解得11010x <<. 故选:C. 【点睛】本题考查利用函数的单调性和奇偶性解不等式,同时也涉及了对数函数单调性的应用,考查分析问题和解决问题的能力,属于中等题.3.C解析:C 【解析】由题意知,(2)ln(2)ln ()f x x x f x -=-+=,所以()f x 的图象关于直线1x =对称,故C 正确,D 错误;又()ln[(2)]f x x x =-(02x <<),由复合函数的单调性可知()f x 在(0,1)上单调递增,在(1,2)上单调递减,所以A ,B 错误,故选C .【名师点睛】如果函数()f x ,x D ∀∈,满足x D ∀∈,恒有()()f a x f b x +=-,那么函数的图象有对称轴2a bx +=;如果函数()f x ,x D ∀∈,满足x D ∀∈,恒有()()f a x f b x -=-+,那么函数()f x 的图象有对称中心(,0)2a b+. 4.B解析:B 【解析】 由f(1)=得a 2=, ∴a=或a=-(舍),即f(x)=(.由于y=|2x-4|在(-∞,2]上单调递减,在[2,+∞)上单调递增,所以f(x)在(-∞,2]上单调递增,在[2,+∞)上单调递减,故选B.5.C解析:C 【解析】 【分析】利用换元法求解复合函数的值域即可求得函数的“上界值”. 【详解】 令3,0x t t => 则361133t y t t -==-<++ 故函数()f x 的“上界值”是1; 故选C 【点睛】本题背景比较新颖,但其实质是考查复合函数的值域求解问题,属于基础题,解题的关键是利用复合函数的单调性法则判断其单调性再求值域或 通过换元法求解函数的值域.6.D解析:D 【解析】 【分析】利用不等式性质及函数单调性对选项依次求值域即可. 【详解】对于A :2y x =的值域为[)0,+∞;对于B :20x ≥Q ,211x ∴+≥,21011x ∴<≤+, 211y x ∴=+的值域为(]0,1; 对于C :2xy =-的值域为(),0-∞;对于D :0x >Q ,11x ∴+>,()lg 10x ∴+>,()lg 1y x ∴=+的值域为()0,+∞;故选:D . 【点睛】此题主要考查函数值域的求法,考查不等式性质及函数单调性,是一道基础题.7.D解析:D 【解析】试题分析:求函数f (x )定义域,及f (﹣x )便得到f (x )为奇函数,并能够通过求f′(x )判断f (x )在R 上单调递增,从而得到sinθ>m ﹣1,也就是对任意的0,2πθ⎛⎤∈ ⎥⎝⎦都有sinθ>m ﹣1成立,根据0<sinθ≤1,即可得出m 的取值范围. 详解:f (x )的定义域为R ,f (﹣x )=﹣f (x ); f′(x )=e x +e ﹣x >0; ∴f (x )在R 上单调递增;由f (sinθ)+f (1﹣m )>0得,f (sinθ)>f (m ﹣1); ∴sin θ>m ﹣1; 即对任意θ∈0,2π⎛⎤⎥⎝⎦都有m ﹣1<sinθ成立; ∵0<sinθ≤1; ∴m ﹣1≤0;∴实数m 的取值范围是(﹣∞,1]. 故选:D .点睛:本题考查函数的单调性与奇偶性的综合应用,注意奇函数的在对称区间上的单调性的性质;对于解抽象函数的不等式问题或者有解析式,但是直接解不等式非常麻烦的问题,可以考虑研究函数的单调性和奇偶性等,以及函数零点等,直接根据这些性质得到不等式的解集.8.A解析:A 【解析】 【分析】由已知可知,()f x 在()1,-+∞上单调递减,结合二次函数的开口方向及对称轴的位置即可求解. 【详解】∵二次函数()24f x ax x =-+对任意的()12,1,x x ∈-+∞,且12x x ≠,都有()()12120f x f x x x -<-,∴()f x 在()1,-+∞上单调递减, ∵对称轴12x a=, ∴0112a a <⎧⎪⎨≤-⎪⎩,解可得102a -≤<,故选A . 【点睛】本题主要考查了二次函数的性质及函数单调性的定义的简单应用,解题中要注意已知不等式与单调性相互关系的转化,属于中档题.9.B解析:B 【解析】 【分析】在同一平面直角坐标系中作出()xf x a =与()log a g x x =的图象,图象的交点数目即为方程log xa a x =根的个数. 【详解】作出()xf x a =,()log a g x x =图象如下图:由图象可知:()(),f x g x 有两个交点,所以方程log xa a x =根的个数为2.故选:B . 【点睛】本题考查函数与方程的应用,着重考查了数形结合的思想,难度一般.(1)函数()()()h x f x g x =-的零点数⇔方程()()f x g x =根的个数⇔()f x 与()g x 图象的交点数;(2)利用数形结合可解决零点个数、方程根个数、函数性质研究、求不等式解集或参数范围等问题.10.C解析:C 【解析】 【分析】根据自变量范围代入对应解析式,化简得结果. 【详解】f (log 43)=log434=3,选C. 【点睛】本题考查分段函数求值,考查基本求解能力,属基础题. 11.B解析:B【解析】y=1 1x-在[2,3]上单调递减,所以x=3时取最小值为12,选B.12.D解析:D【解析】【分析】由题意画出函数图像,利用图像性质求解【详解】画出()f x的图像,如图(实线部分),由()1152y xy x=+⎧⎪⎨=-⎪⎩得()1,2A.故()f x有最大值2,无最小值故选:D【点睛】本题主要考查分段函数的图像及性质,考查对最值的理解,属中档题.二、填空题13.【解析】分析:对于多元变量任意存在的问题可转化为求值域问题首先求函数的值域然后利用函数的值域是函数值域的子集列出不等式求得结果详解:由条件可知函数的值域是函数值域的子集当时当时所以解得故填:点睛:本解析:[0,1]【解析】分析:对于多元变量任意存在的问题,可转化为求值域问题,首先求函数()(),f xg x的值域,然后利用函数()f x的值域是函数()g x值域的子集,列出不等式,求得结果.详解:由条件可知函数()f x的值域是函数()g x值域的子集,当11,24x⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦时,()[]1,2f x a a∈-++,当[]21,2x∈-时,()[]1,3g x∈-,所以1123a a -+≥-⎧⎨+≤⎩ ,解得01a ≤≤,故填:[]0,1. 点睛:本题考查函数中多元变量任意存在的问题,一般来说都转化为子集问题,若是任意1x D ∈,存在2x E ∈,满足()()12f x g x >,即转化为()()min min f x g x >,若是任意1x D ∈,任意2x E ∈,满足()()12f x g x >,即转化为()()min max f x g x >,本题意在考查转化与化归的能力.14.【解析】【分析】根据条件可化为分段函数根据函数的单调性和函数值即可得到解不等式组即可【详解】当时当时且当时且当时且若函数在时取得最小值根据一次函数的单调性和函数值可得解得故实数的取值范围为故答案为: 解析:[)5,+∞【解析】 【分析】根据条件可化为分段函数,根据函数的单调性和函数值即可得到()()7050507027127m m m m m m ⎧-+≤⎪-+≤⎪⎪-≥⎪⎨+≥⎪⎪+≥⎪+≥⎪⎩解不等式组即可. 【详解】当1x <时,()()121861927f x x m mx x m m x =-+-+-=+-+, 当12x ≤<时,()()121861725f x x m mx x m m x =-+-+-=+-+, 且()112f m =+,当23x ≤<时,()()121861725f x x mx m x m m x =-+-+-=-+-, 且()27f =,当3x ≥时,()()126181927f x x mx m x m m x =-+-+-=--++, 且()32f m =+,若函数() 1263f x x m x x =-+-+-在2x =时取得最小值,根据一次函数的单调性和函数值可得()()7050507027127m m m m m m ⎧-+≤⎪-+≤⎪⎪-≥⎪⎨+≥⎪⎪+≥⎪+≥⎪⎩,解得5m ≥,故实数m 的取值范围为[)5,+∞ 故答案为:[)5,+∞ 【点睛】本题考查了由分段函数的单调性和最值求参数的取值范围,考查了分类讨论的思想,属于中档题.15.或【解析】【分析】由函数对称轴与区间关系分类讨论求出最大值且等于2解关于的方程即可求解【详解】函数对称轴方程为为;当时;当即(舍去)或(舍去);当时综上或故答案为:或【点睛】本题考查二次函数的图像与解析:1-或2. 【解析】 【分析】由函数对称轴与区间关系,分类讨论求出最大值且等于2,解关于a 的方程,即可求解. 【详解】函数()22221()1f x x ax a x a a a =-++-=--+-+,对称轴方程为为x a =;当0a ≤时,max ()(0)12,1f x f a a ==-==-;当2max 01,()()12a f x f a a a <<==-+=,即210,a a a --==(舍去),或a = 当1a ≥时,max ()(1)2f x f a ===, 综上1a =-或2a =. 故答案为:1-或2. 【点睛】本题考查二次函数的图像与最值,考查分类讨论思想,属于中档题.16.【解析】【分析】由题意可得f (x )g (x )的图象均过(﹣11)分别讨论a >0a <0时f (x )>g (x )的整数解情况解不等式即可得到所求范围【详解】由函数可得的图象均过且的对称轴为当时对称轴大于0由题解析:310,23⎛⎤⎥⎝⎦【解析】 【分析】由题意可得f (x ),g (x )的图象均过(﹣1,1),分别讨论a >0,a <0时,f (x )>g (x )的整数解情况,解不等式即可得到所求范围. 【详解】由函数2()2f x x ax a =-+++,1()2x g x +=可得()f x ,()g x 的图象均过(1,1)-,且()f x 的对称轴为2ax =,当0a >时,对称轴大于0.由题意可得()()f x g x >恰有0,1两个整数解,可得(1)(1)310(2)(2)23f g a f g >⎧⇒<≤⎨≤⎩;当0a <时,对称轴小于0.因为()()11f g -=-,由题意不等式恰有-3,-2两个整数解,不合题意,综上可得a 的范围是310,23⎛⎤⎥⎝⎦.故答案为:310,23⎛⎤⎥⎝⎦.【点睛】本题考查了二次函数的性质与图象,指数函数的图像的应用,属于中档题.17.【解析】因为所以所以故填【解析】因为35mnk ==,所以3log m k =,5log n k =,11lg5lg3lg152lg lg lg m n k k k+=+==,所以1lg lg152k ==k =18.【解析】【分析】由已知可构造有两不同实数根利用二次方程解出的范围即可【详解】为增函数且时函数的值域也为相当于方程有两不同实数根有两不同实根即有两解整理得:令有两个不同的正数根只需即可解得故答案为:【解析:10,4⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭【解析】 【分析】由已知可构造()2log xa a t x +=有两不同实数根,利用二次方程解出t 的范围即可.【详解】()2()log x a f x a t =+Q 为增函数,且[],x m n ∈时,函数()()2log xa f x at =+的值域也为[],m n ,(),()f m m f n n ∴==,∴相当于方程()f x x =有两不同实数根,()2log x a a t x ∴+=有两不同实根,即2x x a a t =+有两解, 整理得:20x x a a t -+=, 令,0xm a m => ,20m m t ∴-+=有两个不同的正数根,∴只需1400t t ∆=->⎧⎨>⎩即可,解得104t <<, 故答案为:10,4⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭【点睛】本题主要考查了对数函数的单调性,对数方程,一元二次方程有两正根,属于中档题.19.2或【解析】【分析】将函数化为分和两种情况讨论在区间上的最大值进而求【详解】时最大值为解得时最大值为解得故答案为:或2【点睛】本题考查已知函数最值求参答题时需要结合指数函数与二次函数性质求解解析:2或12【解析】 【分析】 将函数化为()2()26x f x a =+-,分01a <<和1a >两种情况讨论()f x 在区间[]1,1-上的最大值,进而求a . 【详解】()242x x f x a a =+-()226x a =+-, 11x -≤≤Q ,01a ∴<<时,1x a a a -<<,()f x 最大值为()21(1)2610f a --=+-=,解得12a =1a >时,1x a a a -≤≤,()f x 最大值为()2(1)2610f a =+-=,解得2a =,故答案为:12或2. 【点睛】本题考查已知函数最值求参,答题时需要结合指数函数与二次函数性质求解.20.【解析】试题分析:设因为因此【考点】指数运算对数运算【易错点睛】在解方程时要注意若没注意到方程的根有两个由于增根导致错误 解析:42【解析】试题分析:设log ,1b a t t =>则,因为21522t t a b t +=⇒=⇒=,因此22222, 4.b a b b a b b b b b b a =⇒=⇒=⇒== 【考点】指数运算,对数运算. 【易错点睛】在解方程5log log 2a b b a +=时,要注意log 1b a >,若没注意到log 1b a >,方程5log log 2a b b a +=的根有两个,由于增根导致错误 三、解答题21.(1)证明见详解;(2)函数()f x 在R 上单调递,证明见详解;(3)(1,1)- 【解析】 【分析】(1)判断()f x 的定义域,用奇函数的定义证明可得答案;(2)判断()f x 在R 上单调递增,用函数单调性的定义证明可得答案;(2)由312()13131x x xf x -==-++,可得30x >,可得231x +及231x -+的取值范围,可得()f x 的值域.【详解】证明:(1)易得函数()f x 的定义域为R ,关于原点对称,且3113()()3131x xx x f x f x -----===-++,故()f x 为奇函数;(2)函数()f x 在R 上单调递增,理由如下:在R 中任取12x x <,则1233x x -<0,131x +>0,231x +>0,可得1212121212123131222(33)()()(1)(1)31313131(31)(31)x x x x x x x x x x f x f x ----=-=---=++++++<0 故12()()0f x f x -<,函数()f x 在R 上单调递增;(3)由312()13131x x x f x -==-++,易得30x >,311x +>,故231x +0<<2,231x +-2<-<0,故2131x -+-1<<1, 故()f x 的值域为(1,1)-.【点睛】本题主要考查函数单调性及奇偶性的判断与证明及求解函数的值域,综合性大,属于中档题.22.(1){}{}|13,|3A B x x A B x x ⋂=≤<⋃=≤;(2)[]1,2a ∈ 【解析】 【分析】(1)首先求得[]()1,3,,3A B ==-∞,由此求得,A B A B ⋂⋃的值.(2)(),1R C C a a =+,由于()[],11,3a a +⊆,故113a a ≥⎧⎨+≤⎩,解得[]1,2a ∈.【详解】解:{}{}|13,|3A x x B x x =≤≤=<, (1){}{}|13,|3A B x x A B x x ⋂=≤<⋃=≤;(2)∵{}|1C x x a x a =≤≥+或,∴{}|1R C C x a x a =<<+,∵()R C C A ⊆,∴113a a ≥⎧⎨+≤⎩,∴[]1,2a ∈.23.(1)(,2][2,)m ∈-∞-⋃+∞(2)1m =【解析】 【分析】(1)根据二次函数单调性,使对称轴不在区间()1,1-上即可;(2)由题意,分类讨论,当()13f =时和当()23f =时分别求m 值,再回代检验是否为最大值. 【详解】解:(1)对于函数()f x ,开口向上,对称轴2m x =, 当()f x 在[]1,1x ∈-上单调递增时,12m≤-,解得2m ≤-, 当()f x 在[]1,1x ∈-上单调递减时,12m≥,解得2m ≥, 综上,(,2][2,)m ∈-∞-⋃+∞.(2)由题意,函数()f x 在1x =或2x =处取得最大值, 当()13f =时,解得1m =-,此时3为最小值,不合题意,舍去; 当()23f =时,解得1m =,此时3为最大值,符合题意. 综上所述,1m =. 【点睛】本题考查(1)二次函数单调性问题,对称轴取值范围(2)二次函数最值问题;考查分类讨论思想,属于中等题型. 24.(1)见解析(2)51,3⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭【解析】 【分析】(1)先判定函数的单调性,结合单调性来进行求解()f x 是否存在最小值;(2)先判断函数的奇偶性及单调性,结合奇偶性和单调性把()()2430f x f x -+-≥进行转化求解. 【详解】(1)由101xx ->+可得1010x x ->⎧⎨+>⎩或1010x x -<⎧⎨+<⎩,解得11x -<<,即函数()f x 的定义域为()1,1-,设1211x x -<<<,则()()()211212122111111x x x x x x x x ----=++++,∵1211x x -<<<,∴210x x ->,()()12110x x ++>,∴12121111x x x x -->++, ①当1a >时()()12f x f x >,则()f x 在()1,1-上是减函数,又()1,1t ∈-, ∴(],x t t ∈-时,()f x 有最小值,且最小值为()1log 1atf t t-=+; ②当01a <<时,()()12f x f x <,则()f x 在()1,1-上是增函数,又()1,1t ∈-, ∴(],x t t ∈-时,()f x 无最小值.(2)由于()f x 的定义域为()1,1-,定义域关于原点对称,且()()111log log 11a a x x f x f x x x -+-⎛⎫-===- ⎪-+⎝⎭,所以函数()f x 为奇函数.由(1)可知,当1a >时,函数()f x 为减函数,由此,不等式()()2430f x f x -+-≥等价于()()234f x f x -≥-,即有2341211431x x x x -≤-⎧⎪-<-<⎨⎪-<-<⎩,解得513x <<,所以x 的取值范围是51,3⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭. 【点睛】本题主要考查函数性质的综合应用,奇偶性和单调性常结合求解抽象不等式问题,注意不要忽视了函数定义域,侧重考查数学抽象和逻辑推理的核心素养. 25.(1)722⎛⎤ ⎥⎝⎦,; (2)342p p -或. 【解析】 【分析】由题意可得{}213B x p x p =-≤≤+,(1)当12p =时,结合交集的定义计算交集即可; (2)由题意可知B A ⊆.分类讨论B =∅和B ≠∅两种情况即可求得实数p 的取值范围.【详解】因为{}213U B x x p x p =-+,或ð, 所以(){}213UUB B x p x p ==-≤≤+痧,(1)当12p =时,702B ⎡⎤=⎢⎥⎣⎦,,所以7=22A B ⎛⎤⋂ ⎥⎝⎦,, (2)当A B B ⋂=时,可得B A ⊆.当B =∅时,2p -1>p +3,解得p >4,满足题意;当B ≠∅时,应满足21331p p p -≤+⎧⎨+<-⎩或213212p p p -≤+⎧⎨->⎩ 解得44p p ≤⎧⎨<-⎩或432p p ≤⎧⎪⎨>⎪⎩; 即4p <-或342p <≤.综上,实数p 的取值范围342p p -或. 【点睛】本题主要考查交集的定义,分类讨论的数学思想等知识,意在考查学生的转化能力和计算求解能力.26.(1){}23x x <<(2)()2,+∞ 【解析】 【分析】(1)先化简集合B ,再根据集合的交并补运算求解即可;(2)函数()lg(2)f x x a =+定义域对应集合可化简为2a C x x ⎧⎫=>-⎨⎬⎩⎭,又A C ⊆,故由包含关系建立不等式即可求解; 【详解】(1)由题知,{}2B x x =≤,{}2U C B x x ∴=>{}13A x x =-≤<Q(){}23UA CB x x ∴⋂=<<(2)函数()lg(2)f x x a =+的定义域为集合2a C x x ⎧⎫=>-⎨⎬⎩⎭,A C ⊆Q ,12a∴-<-, 2a ∴>.故实数a 的取值范围为()2,+∞. 【点睛】本题考查集合的交并补的混合运算,由集合的包含关系求参数范围,属于基础题。
2020-2021广州二中应元学校高三数学下期末试卷附答案一、选择题1.()22x xe ef x x x --=+-的部分图象大致是( ) A . B .C .D .2.命题“对任意x ∈R ,都有x 2≥0”的否定为( )A .对任意x ∈R ,都有x 2<0B .不存在x ∈R ,都有x 2<0C .存在x 0∈R ,使得x 02≥0D .存在x 0∈R ,使得x 02<0 3.一个长方体去掉一个小长方体,所得几何体的正视图与侧(左)视图分别如图所示,则该几何体的俯视图为( )A .B .C .D .4.若以连续掷两颗骰子分别得到的点数m ,n 作为点P 的横、纵坐标,则点P 落在圆229x y +=内的概率为( )A .536B .29C .16D .195.设是虚数单位,则复数(1)(12)i i -+=( )A .3+3iB .-1+3iC .3+iD .-1+i 6.在下列区间中,函数()43x f x e x =+-的零点所在的区间为( )A .1,04⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭B .10,4⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭C .11,42⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭D .13,24⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭7.如图所示,程序据图(算法流程图)的输出结果为( )A .34B .16C .1112D .25248.如图,AB 是圆的直径,PA 垂直于圆所在的平面,C 是圆上一点(不同于A 、B )且PA =AC ,则二面角P -BC -A 的大小为( )A .60︒B .30°C .45︒D .15︒ 9.若,αβv v 是一组基底,向量γv =x αu v +y βu v (x,y ∈R),则称(x,y)为向量γv 在基底αu v ,βu v 下的坐标,现已知向量αu v 在基底p u v =(1,-1), qv =(2,1)下的坐标为(-2,2),则αu v 在另一组基底m u v =(-1,1), n v =(1,2)下的坐标为( )A .(2,0)B .(0,-2)C .(-2,0)D .(0,2) 10.已知π,4αβ+=则(1tan )(1tan )αβ++的值是( ) A .-1 B .1 C .2 D .411.在“近似替代”中,函数()f x 在区间1[,]i i x x +上的近似值( )A .只能是左端点的函数值()i f xB .只能是右端点的函数值1()i f x +C .可以是该区间内的任一函数值()(i i fξξ∈1[,]i i x x +) D .以上答案均正确 12.已知长方体的长、宽、高分别是3,4,5,且它的8个顶点都在同一球面上,则这个球的表面积是( )A .25πB .50πC .125πD .都不对二、填空题13.设正数,a b 满足21a b +=,则11a b +的最小值为__________. 14.函数()23s 34f x in x cosx =+-(0,2x π⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦)的最大值是__________. 15.若函数3211()232f x x x ax =-++ 在2,3⎡⎫+∞⎪⎢⎣⎭上存在单调增区间,则实数a 的取值范围是_______.16.计算:1726cos()sin 43ππ-+=_____. 17.记n S 为数列{}n a 的前n 项和,若21n n S a =+,则6S =_____________.18.如图,圆C (圆心为C )的一条弦AB 的长为2,则AB AC ⋅u u u r u u u r=______.19.锐角△ABC 中,若B =2A ,则b a 的取值范围是__________. 20.从6男2女共8名学生中选出队长1人,副队长1人,普通队员2人,组成4人服务队,要求服务队中至少有1名女生,共有__________种不同的选法.(用数字作答)三、解答题21.已知()11f x x ax =+--.(1)当1a =时,求不等式()1f x >的解集;(2)若()0,1x ∈时不等式()f x x >成立,求a 的取值范围.22.已知菱形ABCD 的顶点A ,C 在椭圆2234x y +=上,对角线BD 所在直线的斜率为1.(1)当直线BD 过点(0,1)时,求直线AC 的方程.(2)当60ABC ∠=︒时,求菱形ABCD 面积的最大值.23.在ABC △中,BC a =,AC b =,已知a ,b 是方程22320x x -+=的两个根,且2cos()1A B +=.(1)求角C 的大小;(2)求AB 的长.24.已知矩形ABCD 的两条对角线相交于点20M (,),AB 边所在直线的方程为360x y --=,点11T -(,)在AD 边所在直线上. (1)求AD 边所在直线的方程;(2)求矩形ABCD 外接圆的方程.25.已知函数()ln f x x x =.(1)若函数2()1()f x g x x x=-,求()g x 的极值; (2)证明:2()1x f x e x +<-.(参考数据:ln20.69≈ ln3 1.10≈ 32 4.48e ≈ 27.39e ≈)26.如图,在正方体1111ABCD A B C D -中,S 是11B D 的中点,E ,F ,G 分别是BC ,DC ,SC 的中点.求证:(1)直线//EG 平面11BDD B ;(2)平面//EFG 平面11BDD B .【参考答案】***试卷处理标记,请不要删除一、选择题1.A解析:A【解析】【分析】根据函数的奇偶性,排除D ;根据函数解析式可知定义域为{}1x x ≠±,所以y 轴右侧虚线部分为x=1,利用特殊值x=0.01和x=1.001代入即可排除错误选项.【详解】 由函数解析式()22x x e e f x x x --=+-,易知()22x xe ef x x x ---=+-=() f x -所以函数()22x xe ef x x x --=+-为奇函数,排除D 选项 根据解析式分母不为0可知,定义域为{}1x x ≠±,所以y 轴右侧虚线部分为x=1, 当x=0.01时,代入()f x 可得()0f x <,排除C 选项当x=1.001时,代入()f x 可得()0f x >,排除B 选项所以选A【点睛】本题考查了根据函数解析式判断函数的图象,依据主要是奇偶性、单调性、特殊值等,注意图中坐标的位置及特殊直线,属于中档题. 2.D解析:D【解析】因为全称命题的否定是特称命题,所以命题“对任意x ∈R ,都有x 2≥0”的否定为.存在x 0∈R ,使得x 02<0.故选D .3.C解析:C【解析】【分析】从正视图和侧视图上分析,去掉的长方体的位置应该在的方位,然后判断俯视图的正确图形.【详解】由正视图可知去掉的长方体在正视线的方向,从侧视图可以看出去掉的长方体在原长方体的右侧, 由以上各视图的描述可知去掉的长方体在原长方体的右上方,其俯视图符合C 选项.故选C .点评:本题考查几何体的三视图之间的关系,要注意记忆和理解“长对正、高平齐、宽相等”的含义.考点:三视图.4.D解析:D【解析】掷骰子共有36个结果,而落在圆x 2+y 2=9内的情况有(1,1),(1,2),(2,1),(2,2)这4种,∴P=41369=. 故选D 5.C【解析】因为2(1)(12)1223i i i i i i -+=+--=+,故选 C.考点:本题主要考查复数的乘法运算公式. 6.C解析:C【解析】【分析】先判断函数()f x 在R 上单调递增,由104102f f ⎧⎛⎫< ⎪⎪⎪⎝⎭⎨⎛⎫⎪> ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎩,利用零点存在定理可得结果. 【详解】因为函数()43x f x e x =+-在R 上连续单调递增, 且114411221143204411431022f e e f e e ⎧⎛⎫=+⨯-=-<⎪ ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎨⎛⎫⎪=+⨯-=-> ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎩, 所以函数的零点在区间11,42⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭内,故选C. 【点睛】本题主要考查零点存在定理的应用,属于简单题.应用零点存在定理解题时,要注意两点:(1)函数是否为单调函数;(2)函数是否连续.7.C解析:C【解析】由算法流程图知s =0+12+14+16=1112.选C. 8.C解析:C【解析】由条件得:PA ⊥BC ,AC ⊥BC 又PA ∩AC =C ,∴BC ⊥平面P AC ,∴∠PCA 为二面角P -BC -A 的平面角.在Rt △P AC 中,由P A =AC 得∠PCA =45°,故选C .点睛:二面角的寻找主要利用线面垂直,根据二面角定义得二面角的棱垂直于二面角的平面角所在平面.9.D【解析】【分析】【详解】 由已知αu r =-2p u r +2q r =(-2,2)+(4,2)=(2,4),设αu r =λm u r +μn r =λ(-1,1)+μ(1,2)=(-λ+μ,λ+2μ),则由224λμλμ-+=⎧⎨+=⎩解得02λμ=⎧⎨=⎩ ∴αu r =0m u r +2n r ,∴αu r 在基底m u r , n r 下的坐标为(0,2).10.C解析:C【解析】【分析】 由4παβ+=,得到1tanαβ+=(),利用两角和的正切函数公式化简1tan αβ+=(),即可得到所求式子的值.【详解】 由由4παβ+=,得到1tanαβ+=(), 所以11tan tan tan tan tan αβαβαβ++==-() ,即1tan tan tan tan αβαβ+=-, 则1112tan tan tan tan tan tan αβαβαβ++=+++=()() . 故选C .【点睛】本题考查学生灵活运用两角和与差的正切函数公式及特殊角的三角函数值化简求值,是一道基础题.11.C解析:C【解析】【分析】【详解】根据近似替代的定义,近似值可以是该区间内的任一函数值()(i i fξξ∈ []1,i i x x +),故选C . 12.B解析:B【解析】【分析】根据长方体的对角线长等于其外接球的直径,求得2252R =,再由球的表面积公式,即可求解.【详解】 设球的半径为R ,根据长方体的对角线长等于其外接球的直径,可得2R =2252R =,所以球的表面积为22544502S R πππ==⨯=球. 故选:B【点睛】本题主要考查了长方体的外接球的性质,以及球的表面积的计算,其中解答中熟练应用长方体的对角线长等于其外接球的直径,求得球的半径是解答的关键,着重考查了运算与求解能力,属于基础题.二、填空题13.【解析】则则的最小值为点睛:本题主要考查基本不等式解决本题的关键是由有在用基本不等式求最值时应具备三个条件:一正二定三相等①一正:关系式中各项均为正数;②二定:关系式中含变量的各项的和或积必须有一个解析:3+【解析】21a b Q +=,则1111223+3b a a b a b a b a b +=++=+≥+()()11a b+的最小值为3+点睛:本题主要考查基本不等式,解决本题的关键是由21a b +=,有11112a b a b a b+=++()(),在用基本不等式求最值时,应具备三个条件:一正二定三相等.①一正:关系式中,各项均为正数;②二定:关系式中,含变量的各项的和或积必须有一个为定值;③三相等:含变量的各项均相等,取得最值.14.1【解析】【详解】化简三角函数的解析式可得由可得当时函数取得最大值1解析:1【解析】【详解】化简三角函数的解析式,可得()22311cos cos 44f x x x x x =--=-++=2(cos 1x -+,由[0,]2x π∈,可得cos [0,1]x ∈,当cos x =时,函数()f x 取得最大值1. 15.【解析】【分析】【详解】试题分析:当时的最大值为令解得所以a 的取值范围是考点:利用导数判断函数的单调性 解析:1(,)9-+∞ 【解析】【分析】【详解】 试题分析:2211()2224f x x x a x a ⎛⎫=-++=--++ ⎪⎝⎭'.当23x ⎡⎫∈+∞⎪⎢⎣⎭,时,()f x '的最大值为22239f a ⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭',令2209a +>,解得19a >-,所以a 的取值范围是1,9⎛⎫-+∞ ⎪⎝⎭. 考点:利用导数判断函数的单调性.16.【解析】【分析】利用诱导公式化简题目所给表达式根据特殊角的三角函数值求得运算的结果【详解】依题意原式【点睛】本小题主要考查利用诱导公式化简求值考查特殊角的三角函数值考查化归与转化的数学思想方法属于基【解析】【分析】利用诱导公式化简题目所给表达式,根据特殊角的三角函数值求得运算的结果.【详解】 依题意,原式17π26ππ2πcossin cos 4πsin 8π4343⎛⎫⎛⎫=+=+++ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭π2πcos sin 432=+=. 【点睛】 本小题主要考查利用诱导公式化简求值,考查特殊角的三角函数值,考查化归与转化的数学思想方法,属于基础题.利用诱导公式化简,首先将题目所给的角,利用诱导公式变为正角,然后转化为较小的角的形式,再利用诱导公式进行化简,化简过程中一定要注意角的三角函数值的符号.17.【解析】【分析】首先根据题中所给的类比着写出两式相减整理得到从而确定出数列为等比数列再令结合的关系求得之后应用等比数列的求和公式求得的值【详解】根据可得两式相减得即当时解得所以数列是以-1为首项以2解析:63-【解析】【分析】首先根据题中所给的21n n S a =+,类比着写出1121n n S a ++=+,两式相减,整理得到12n n a a +=,从而确定出数列{}n a 为等比数列,再令1n =,结合11,a S 的关系,求得11a =-,之后应用等比数列的求和公式求得6S 的值.【详解】根据21n n S a =+,可得1121n n S a ++=+,两式相减得1122n n n a a a ++=-,即12n n a a +=,当1n =时,11121S a a ==+,解得11a =-,所以数列{}n a 是以-1为首项,以2为公比的等比数列, 所以66(12)6312S --==--,故答案是63-. 点睛:该题考查的是有关数列的求和问题,在求解的过程中,需要先利用题中的条件,类比着往后写一个式子,之后两式相减,得到相邻两项之间的关系,从而确定出该数列是等比数列,之后令1n =,求得数列的首项,最后应用等比数列的求和公式求解即可,只要明确对既有项又有和的式子的变形方向即可得结果.18.2【解析】【分析】过点C 作CD ⊥AB 于D 可得Rt △ACD 中利用三角函数的定义算出再由向量数量积的公式加以计算可得的值【详解】过点C 作CD ⊥AB 于D 则D 为AB 的中点Rt △ACD 中可得cosA==2故答解析:2【解析】【分析】过点C 作CD⊥AB 于D ,可得1AD AB 12==,Rt△ACD 中利用三角函数的定义算出1cos A AC= ,再由向量数量积的公式加以计算,可得AB AC ⋅u u u v u u u v 的值. 【详解】过点C 作CD ⊥AB 于D ,则D 为AB 的中点.Rt △ACD 中,1AD AB 12==,可得cosA=11,cosA AD AB AC AB AC AB AC AB AC AC AC=∴⋅=⋅=⋅⋅=u u u u v u u u u v u u u u v u u u u v u u u u v u u u v u u u v =2. 故答案为2【点睛】本题已知圆的弦长,求向量的数量积.着重考查了圆的性质、直角三角形中三角函数的定义与向量的数量积公式等知识,属于基础题.19.【解析】【分析】【详解】因为为锐角三角形所以所以所以所以所以解析:【解析】【分析】【详解】因为ABC ∆为锐角三角形,所以02202B A A B πππ⎧<=<⎪⎪⎨⎪<--<⎪⎩,所以0463A A πππ⎧<<⎪⎪⎨⎪<<⎪⎩, 所以(,)64A ππ∈,所以sin 2cos sin b B A a A==,所以b a ∈. 20.660【解析】【分析】【详解】第一类先选女男有种这人选人作为队长和副队有种故有种;第二类先选女男有种这人选人作为队长和副队有种故有种根据分类计数原理共有种故答案为解析:660【解析】【分析】【详解】第一类,先选1女3男,有316240C C =种,这4人选2人作为队长和副队有2412A =种,故有4012480⨯= 种;第二类,先选2女2男,有226215C C =种,这4人选2人作为队长和副队有2412A =种,故有1512180⨯=种,根据分类计数原理共有480180660+=种,故答案为660.三、解答题21.(1)12x x ⎧⎫>⎨⎬⎩⎭;(2)(]0,2 【解析】分析:(1)将1a =代入函数解析式,求得()11f x x x =+--,利用零点分段将解析式化为()2,1,2,11,2, 1.x f x x x x -≤-⎧⎪=-<<⎨⎪≥⎩,然后利用分段函数,分情况讨论求得不等式()1f x >的解集为12x x ⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭; (2)根据题中所给的()0,1x ∈,其中一个绝对值符号可以去掉,不等式()f x x >可以化为()0,1x ∈时11ax -<,分情况讨论即可求得结果.详解:(1)当1a =时,()11f x x x =+--,即()2,1,2,11,2, 1.x f x x x x -≤-⎧⎪=-<<⎨⎪≥⎩故不等式()1f x >的解集为12x x ⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭. (2)当()0,1x ∈时11x ax x +-->成立等价于当()0,1x ∈时11ax -<成立. 若0a ≤,则当()0,1x ∈时11ax -≥;若0a >,11ax -<的解集为20x a <<,所以21a ≥,故02a <≤. 综上,a 的取值范围为(]0,2.点睛:该题考查的是有关绝对值不等式的解法,以及含参的绝对值的式子在某个区间上恒成立求参数的取值范围的问题,在解题的过程中,需要会用零点分段法将其化为分段函数,从而将不等式转化为多个不等式组来解决,关于第二问求参数的取值范围时,可以应用题中所给的自变量的范围,去掉一个绝对值符号,之后进行分类讨论,求得结果.22.(1)20x y ++=(2)【解析】【分析】【详解】Ⅰ)由题意得直线BD 的方程为1y x =+.因为四边形ABCD 为菱形,所以AC BD ⊥.于是可设直线AC 的方程为y x n =-+. 由2234{x y y x n+==-+,得2246340x nx n -+-=. 因为A C ,在椭圆上,所以212640n ∆=-+>,解得n <<. 设A C ,两点坐标分别为1122()()x y x y ,,,,则1232n x x +=,212344n x x -=,11y x n =-+,22y x n =-+. 所以122n y y +=. 所以AC 的中点坐标为344n n ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭,. 由四边形ABCD 为菱形可知,点344n n ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭,在直线1y x =+上, 所以3144n n =+,解得2n =-. 所以直线AC 的方程为2y x =--,即20x y ++=.(Ⅱ)因为四边形ABCD 为菱形,且60ABC ∠=o , 所以AB BC CA ==.所以菱形ABCD 的面积2S AC =.由(Ⅰ)可得2223162-+==n AC ,所以2(316)433S n n ⎛=-+-<< ⎝⎭,故当0n =时,有max 16==S23.120o C =,c =【解析】试题分析:解:(1)()()1cos cos cos 2C A B A B π⎡⎤=-+=-+=-⎣⎦,所以120C =o(2)由题意得{2a b ab +==∴222222cos 2cos120AB AC BC AC BC C a b ab =+-⋅⋅=+-o=()(2222210a b ab a b ab ++=+-=-=∴AB =考点:本题考查余弦定理,三角函数的诱导公式的应用点评:解决本题的关键是用一元二次方程根与系数之间关系结合余弦定理来解决问题24.(1)3x +y +2=0;(2)(x -2)2+y 2=8.【解析】【分析】(1) 直线AB 斜率确定,由垂直关系可求得直线AD 斜率,又T 在AD 上,利用点斜式求直线AD 方程;(2)由AD 和AB 的直线方程求得A 点坐标,以M 为圆心,以AM 为半径的圆的方程即为所求.【详解】(1)∵AB 所在直线的方程为x -3y -6=0,且AD 与AB 垂直,∴直线AD 的斜率为-3. 又∵点T (-1,1)在直线AD 上,∴AD 边所在直线的方程为y -1=-3(x +1),即3x +y +2=0.(2)由360320x y x y --=⎧⎨++=⎩,得02x y =⎧⎨=-⎩, ∴点A 的坐标为(0,-2),∵矩形ABCD 两条对角线的交点为M (2,0),∴M 为矩形ABCD 外接圆的圆心,又|AM |=()()22200222-++=. ∴矩形ABCD 外接圆的方程为(x -2)2+y 2=8.【点睛】本题考查两直线的交点,直线的点斜式方程和圆的方程,考查计算能力,属于基础题.25.(1)见解析;(2)见证明【解析】【分析】(1)求出函数的导数,解关于导函数的不等式,求出函数的单调区间,从而求出函数的极值即可;(2)问题转化为证e x ﹣x 2﹣xlnx ﹣1>0,根据xlnx ≤x (x ﹣1),问题转化为只需证明当x >0时,e x ﹣2x 2+x ﹣1>0恒成立,令k (x )=e x ﹣2x 2+x ﹣1,(x ≥0),根据函数的单调性证明即可.【详解】(1)()()21ln 1(0)f x x g x x x x x x =-=->,()22ln 'x g x x -=,当()20,x e ∈,()'0g x >,当()2,x e ∈+∞,()'0g x <,()g x ∴在()20,e 上递增,在()2,e +∞上递减,()g x ∴在2x e =取得极大值,极大值为21e,无极大值. (2)要证f (x )+1<e x ﹣x 2.即证e x ﹣x 2﹣xlnx ﹣1>0,先证明lnx ≤x ﹣1,取h (x )=lnx ﹣x+1,则h ′(x )=,易知h (x )在(0,1)递增,在(1,+∞)递减,故h (x )≤h (1)=0,即lnx ≤x ﹣1,当且仅当x =1时取“=”,故xlnx ≤x (x ﹣1),e x ﹣x 2﹣xlnx ≥e x ﹣2x 2+x ﹣1,故只需证明当x >0时,e x ﹣2x 2+x ﹣1>0恒成立,令k (x )=e x ﹣2x 2+x ﹣1,(x ≥0),则k ′(x )=e x ﹣4x+1,令F (x )=k ′(x ),则F ′(x )=e x ﹣4,令F ′(x )=0,解得:x =2ln2,∵F ′(x )递增,故x ∈(0,2ln2]时,F ′(x )≤0,F (x )递减,即k ′(x )递减, x ∈(2ln2,+∞)时,F ′(x )>0,F (x )递增,即k ′(x )递增,且k ′(2ln2)=5﹣8ln2<0,k ′(0)=2>0,k ′(2)=e 2﹣8+1>0,由零点存在定理,可知∃x 1∈(0,2ln2),∃x 2∈(2ln2,2),使得k ′(x 1)=k ′(x 2)=0,故0<x <x 1或x >x 2时,k ′(x )>0,k (x )递增,当x 1<x <x 2时,k ′(x )<0,k (x )递减,故k (x )的最小值是k (0)=0或k (x 2),由k ′(x 2)=0,得=4x 2﹣1,k (x 2)=﹣2+x 2﹣1=﹣(x 2﹣2)(2x 2﹣1),∵x 2∈(2ln2,2),∴k (x 2)>0,故x >0时,k (x )>0,原不等式成立.【点睛】本题考查了函数的单调性,极值问题,考查导数的应用以及不等式的证明,考查转化思想,属于中档题.26.(1)证明见解析(2)证明见解析【解析】【分析】(1)结合几何体,因为,E G 分别是,BC SC 的中点,所以//EG SB .,再利用线面平行的判定定理证明.(2)由,F G 分别是,DC SC 的中点,得//FG SD .由线面平行的判定定理//FG 平面11BDD B .,再由(1)知,再利用面面平行的判定定理证明.【详解】证明:(1)如图,连接SB ,,E G Q 分别是,BC SC 的中点,//EG SB ∴.又SB ⊂Q 平面11,BDD B EG ⊄平面11BDD B ,所以直线//EG 平面11BDD B .(2)连接,,SD F G Q 分别是,DC SC 的中点,//FG SD ∴.又∵SD ⊂平面11,BDD B FG ⊄平面11,BDD B//FG ∴平面11BDD B .又EG ⊂平面,EFG FG ⊂平面,EFG EG FG G ⋂=,∴平面//EFG 平面11BDD B .【点睛】本题主要考查了线面平行,面面平行的判断定定理,还考查了转化化归的能力,属于中档题.。
2020-2021广州市二中应元初三数学上期末试题(含答案)一、选择题1.已知a ,b 是方程230x x +-=的两个实数根,则22019a b -+的值是( ) A .2023B .2021C .2020D .2019 2.把抛物线y =2(x ﹣3)2+k 向下平移1个单位长度后经过点(2,3),则k 的值是( )A .2B .1C .0D .﹣1 3.现有一块长方形绿地,它的短边长为20 m ,若将短边增大到与长边相等(长边不变),使扩大后的绿地的形状是正方形,则扩大后的绿地面积比原来增加300 m 2,设扩大后的正方形绿地边长为xm ,下面所列方程正确的是( )A .x(x-20)=300B .x(x+20)=300C .60(x+20)=300D .60(x-20)=300 4.如图,在Rt △ABC 中,∠ACB=90°,AC=BC=1,将绕点A 逆时针旋转30°后得到Rt △ADE ,点B 经过的路径为弧BD ,则图中阴影部分的面积是( )A .6πB .3πC .2π-12D .12 5.已知m 、n 是方程2210x x --=的两根,且22(714)(367)8m m a n n -+--=,则a 的值等于A .5-B .5C .9-D .96.如图,抛物线y =ax 2+bx +c(a≠0)的对称轴为直线x =1,与x 轴的一个交点坐标为(-1,0),其部分图象如图所示,下列结论:①4ac <b 2;②方程ax 2+bx +c =0的两个根是x 1=-1,x 2=3;③3a +c >0;④当y >0时,x 的取值范围是-1≤x <3;⑤当x <0时,y 随x 增大而增大.其中结论正确的个数是( )A .4个B .3个C .2个D .1个7.下列命题错误..的是 ( ) A .经过三个点一定可以作圆B .经过切点且垂直于切线的直线必经过圆心C .同圆或等圆中,相等的圆心角所对的弧相等D .三角形的外心到三角形各顶点的距离相等8.如图,点O 是△ABC 的内切圆的圆心,若∠A =80°,则∠BOC 为( )A .100°B .130°C .50°D .65°9.下列诗句所描述的事件中,是不可能事件的是( )A .黄河入海流B .锄禾日当午C .大漠孤烟直D .手可摘星辰10.二次函数y=3(x –2)2–5与y 轴交点坐标为( )A .(0,2)B .(0,–5)C .(0,7)D .(0,3)11.如图,在△ABC 中,BC =4,以点A 为圆心,2为半径的⊙A 与BC 相切于点D ,交AB 于点E ,交AC 于点F .P 是⊙A 上一点,且∠EPF =40°,则图中阴影部分的面积是( )A .4-9πB .4-89πC .8-49πD .8-89π 12.若关于x 的方程x 2﹣2x +m =0的一个根为﹣1,则另一个根为( )A .﹣3B .﹣1C .1D .3二、填空题13.如图,⊙O 的半径OD ⊥弦AB 于点C ,连结AO 并延长交⊙O 于点E ,连结EC .若AB =8,CD =2,则EC 的长为_______.14.已知二次函数y =3x 2+2x ,当﹣1≤x ≤0时,函数值y 的取值范围是_____.15.已知二次函数,当x _______________时,随的增大而减小. 16.三角形两边长分别是4和2,第三边长是2x 2﹣9x +4=0的一个根,则三角形的周长是_____.17.一个等边三角形边长的数值是方程x2﹣3x﹣10=0的根,那么这个三角形的周长为_____.18.一个扇形的半径为6,弧长为3π,则此扇形的圆心角为___度.19.已知在同一坐标系中,抛物线y1=ax2的开口向上,且它的开口比抛物线y2=3x2+2的开口小,请你写出一个满足条件的a值:_____.20.如图,P是⊙O的直径AB延长线上的一点,PC与⊙O相切于点C,若∠P=20°,则∠A=___________°.三、解答题21.关于x的一元二次方程x2﹣2x﹣(n﹣1)=0有两个不相等的实数根.(1)求n的取值范围;(2)若n为取值范围内的最小整数,求此方程的根.22.如图,方格纸中每个小正方形的边长都是1个单位长度,Rt△ABC的三个顶点A(-2,2),B(0,5),C(0,2).(1)将△ABC以点C为旋转中心旋转180°,得到△A1B1C,请画出△A1B1C的图形.(2)平移△ABC,使点A的对应点A2坐标为(-2,-6),请画出平移后对应的△A2B2C2的图形.(3)若将△A1B1C绕某一点旋转可得到△A2B2C2,请直接写出旋转中心的坐标.23.如图,平面直角坐标系中,每个小正方形边长是1.(1)画出△ABC 关于原点中心对称的得到△A 1B 1C 1;(2)画出△ABC 关于C 点顺时针旋转90°的△A 2B 2C 2;(3)在(2)的条件下,求出B 点旋转后所形成的弧线长.24.伴随经济发展和生活水平的日益提高,水果超市如雨后春笋般兴起.万松园一水果超市从外地购进一种水果,其进货成本是每吨0.4万元,根据市场调查,这种水果在市场上的销售量y (吨)与销售价x (万元)之间的函数关系为y =-x +2.6(1)当每吨销售价为多少万元时,销售利润为0.96万元?(2)当每吨销售价为多少万元时利润最大?并求出最大利润是多少?25.已知抛物线y =x 2-2x -8与x 轴的两个交点为A ,B (A 在B 的左侧),与y 轴交于点C .(1)直接写出点A ,B ,C 的坐标;(2)求△ABC 的面积.【参考答案】***试卷处理标记,请不要删除一、选择题1.A解析:A【解析】【分析】根据题意可知b=3-b 2,a+b=-1,ab =-3,所求式子化为a 2-b+2019=a 2-3+b 2+2019=(a+b )2-2ab+2016即可求解.【详解】a ,b 是方程230x x +-=的两个实数根,∴23b b =-,1a b +=-,-3ab =,∴222201932019a b a b -+=-++()2220161620162023a b ab =+-+=++=; 故选A .【点睛】本题考查一元二次方程的根与系数的关系;根据根与系数的关系将所求式子进行化简代入是解题的关键.2.A解析:A【解析】【分析】把点坐标代入y=2(x-3)2+k-1解方程即可得到结论.【详解】解:设抛物线y=2(x-3)2+k向下平移1个单位长度后的解析式为y=2(x-3)2+k-1,把点(2,3)代入y=2(x-3)2+k-1得,3=2(2-3)2+k-1,∴k=2,故选A.【点睛】本题考查二次函数的图象与几何变换,熟练掌握抛物线的平移规律是解题关键.3.A解析:A【解析】【分析】设扩大后的正方形绿地边长为xm,根据“扩大后的绿地面积比原来增加300m2”建立方程即可.【详解】设扩大后的正方形绿地边长为xm,根据题意得x(x-20)=300,故选A.【点睛】本题考查了由实际问题抽象出一元二次方程,解题的关键是弄清题意,并找到等量关系.4.A解析:A【解析】【分析】先根据勾股定理得到,再根据扇形的面积公式计算出S扇形ABD,由旋转的性质得到Rt△ADE≌Rt△ACB,于是S阴影部分=S△ADE+S扇形ABD-S△ABC=S扇形ABD.【详解】∵∠ACB=90°,AC=BC=1,∴,∴S扇形ABD=230=3606ππ⨯,又∵Rt △ABC 绕A 点逆时针旋转30°后得到Rt △ADE ,∴Rt △ADE ≌Rt △ACB ,∴S 阴影部分=S △ADE +S 扇形ABD −S △ABC =S 扇形ABD =6, 故选A.【点睛】本题考查扇形面积计算,熟记扇形面积公式,采用作差法计算面积是解题的关键. 5.C解析:C【解析】试题解析:∵m ,n 是方程x 2﹣2x ﹣1=0的两根∴m 2﹣2m=1,n 2﹣2n=1∴7m 2﹣14m=7(m 2﹣2m )=7,3n 2﹣6n=3(n 2﹣2n )=3∵(7m 2﹣14m+a )(3n 2﹣6n ﹣7)=8∴(7+a )×(﹣4)=8∴a=﹣9.故选C .6.B解析:B【解析】【分析】【详解】解:∵抛物线与x 轴有2个交点,∴b 2﹣4ac >0,所以①正确;∵抛物线的对称轴为直线x =1,而点(﹣1,0)关于直线x =1的对称点的坐标为(3,0),∴方程ax 2+bx +c =0的两个根是x 1=﹣1,x 2=3,所以②正确;∵x =﹣2b a=1,即b =﹣2a ,而x =﹣1时,y =0,即a ﹣b +c =0,∴a +2a +c =0,所以③错误; ∵抛物线与x 轴的两点坐标为(﹣1,0),(3,0),∴当﹣1<x <3时,y >0,所以④错误;∵抛物线的对称轴为直线x =1,∴当x <1时,y 随x 增大而增大,所以⑤正确. 故选:B .【点睛】本题考查了二次函数图象与系数的关系:对于二次函数y =ax 2+bx +c (a ≠0),二次项系数a 决定抛物线的开口方向和大小:当a >0时,抛物线向上开口;当a <0时,抛物线向下开口;一次项系数b 和二次项系数a 共同决定对称轴的位置:当a 与b 同号时(即ab >0),对称轴在y 轴左;当a 与b 异号时(即ab <0),对称轴在y 轴右;常数项c 决定抛物线与y 轴交点位置:抛物线与y 轴交于(0,c );抛物线与x 轴交点个数由△决定:△=b 2﹣4ac >0时,抛物线与x 轴有2个交点;△=b 2﹣4ac =0时,抛物线与x 轴有1个交点;△=b 2﹣4ac <0时,抛物线与x 轴没有交点.解析:A【解析】选项A,经过不在同一直线上的三个点可以作圆;选项B,经过切点且垂直于切线的直线必经过圆心,正确;选项C,同圆或等圆中,相等的圆心角所对的弧相等,正确;选项D,三角形的外心到三角形各顶点的距离相等,正确;故选A.8.B解析:B【解析】【分析】根据三角形的内切圆得出∠OBC=12∠ABC,∠OCB=12∠ACB,根据三角形的内角和定理求出∠ABC+∠ACB的度数,进一步求出∠OBC+∠OCB的度数,根据三角形的内角和定理求出即可.【详解】∵点O是△ABC的内切圆的圆心,∴∠OBC=12∠ABC,∠OCB=12∠ACB.∵∠A=80°,∴∠ABC+∠ACB=180°﹣∠A=100°,∴∠OBC+∠OCB=12(∠ABC+∠ACB)=50°,∴∠BOC=180°﹣(∠OBC+∠OCB)=180°﹣50°=130°.故选B.【点睛】本题主要考查对三角形的内角和定理,三角形的内切圆与内心等知识点的理解和掌握,能求出∠OBC+∠OCB的度数是解答此题的关键.9.D解析:D【解析】【分析】不可能事件是指在一定条件下,一定不发生的事件.【详解】A、是必然事件,故选项错误;B、是随机事件,故选项错误;C、是随机事件,故选项错误;D、是不可能事件,故选项正确.故选D.【点睛】此题主要考查了必然事件,不可能事件,随机事件的概念.理解概念是解决这类基础题的主要方法.必然事件指在一定条件下,一定发生的事件;不可能事件是指在一定条件下,一定不发生的事件;不确定事件即随机事件是指在一定条件下,可能发生也可能不发生的10.C解析:C【解析】【分析】由题意使x=0,求出相应的y的值即可求解.【详解】∵y=3(x﹣2)2﹣5,∴当x=0时,y=7,∴二次函数y=3(x﹣2)2﹣5与y轴交点坐标为(0,7).故选C.【点睛】本题考查了二次函数图象上点的坐标特征,解题的关键是二次函数图象上的点满足其解析式.11.B解析:B【解析】试题解析:连接AD,∵BC是切线,点D是切点,∴AD⊥BC,∴∠EAF=2∠EPF=80°,∴S扇形AEF=280?28 3609ππ=,S△ABC=12AD•BC=12×2×4=4,∴S阴影部分=S△ABC-S扇形AEF=4-89π.12.D解析:D【解析】【分析】设方程另一个根为x1,根据一元二次方程根与系数的关系得到x1+(-1)=2,解此方程即可.【详解】解:设方程另一个根为x1,∴x1+(﹣1)=2,解得x1=3.故选:D.【点睛】本题考查一元二次方程ax2+bx+c=0(a≠0)的根与系数的关系:若方程的两根分别为x1,x2,则x1+x2=-ba,x1•x2=ca.二、填空题13.【解析】【分析】设⊙O半径为r根据勾股定理列方程求出半径r由勾股定理依次求BE和EC的长【详解】连接BE设⊙O半径为r则OA=OD=rOC=r-2∵OD⊥AB∴∠ACO=90°AC=BC=AB=4在解析:213【解析】【分析】设⊙O半径为r,根据勾股定理列方程求出半径r,由勾股定理依次求BE和EC的长.【详解】连接BE,设⊙O半径为r,则OA=OD=r,OC=r-2,∵OD⊥AB,∴∠ACO=90°,AC=BC=12AB=4,在Rt△ACO中,由勾股定理得:r2=42+(r-2)2,r=5,∴AE=2r=10,∵AE为⊙O的直径,∴∠ABE=90°,由勾股定理得:BE=6,在Rt△ECB中,EC222264213BE BC+=+=.故答案是:13【点睛】考查的是垂径定理及勾股定理,根据题意作出辅助线,构造出直角三角形,利用勾股定理求解是解答此题的关键.14.﹣≤y≤1【解析】【分析】利用配方法转化二次函数求出对称轴根据二次函数的性质即可求解【详解】∵y=3x2+2x=3(x+)2﹣∴函数的对称轴为x=﹣∴当﹣1≤x≤0时函数有最小值﹣当x=﹣1时有最大解析:﹣13≤y≤1【解析】【分析】利用配方法转化二次函数求出对称轴,根据二次函数的性质即可求解.【详解】∵y=3x2+2x=3(x+13)2﹣13,∴函数的对称轴为x=﹣13,∴当﹣1≤x≤0时,函数有最小值﹣13,当x=﹣1时,有最大值1,∴y的取值范围是﹣13≤y≤1,故答案为﹣13≤y≤1.【点睛】本题考查二次函数的性质、一般式和顶点式之间的转化,解题的关键是熟练掌握二次函数的性质.15.<2(或x≤2)【解析】试题分析:对于开口向上的二次函数在对称轴的左边y随x的增大而减小在对称轴的右边y随x的增大而增大根据性质可得:当x<2时y随x的增大而减小考点:二次函数的性质解析:<2(或x≤2).【解析】试题分析:对于开口向上的二次函数,在对称轴的左边,y随x的增大而减小,在对称轴的右边,y随x的增大而增大.根据性质可得:当x<2时,y随x的增大而减小.考点:二次函数的性质16.【解析】【分析】先利用因式分解法求出方程的解再由三角形的三边关系确定出第三边最后求周长即可【详解】解:方程2x2﹣9x+4=0分解因式得:(2x﹣1)(x﹣4)=0解得:x=或x=4当x=时+2<4解析:【解析】【分析】先利用因式分解法求出方程的解,再由三角形的三边关系确定出第三边,最后求周长即可.【详解】解:方程2x2﹣9x+4=0,分解因式得:(2x﹣1)(x﹣4)=0,解得:x=12或x=4,当x=12时,12+2<4,不能构成三角形,舍去;则三角形周长为4+4+2=10.故答案为:10.【点睛】本题主要考查了解一元二次方程,正确使用因式分解法解一元二次方程是解答本题的关键. 17.15【解析】【分析】先解方程求出方程的根再确定等边三角形的边长然后求等边三角形的周长【详解】解:x2﹣3x﹣10=0(x﹣5)(x+2)=0即x﹣5=0或x+2=0∴x1=5x2=﹣2因为方程x2﹣解析:15【解析】【分析】先解方程求出方程的根,再确定等边三角形的边长,然后求等边三角形的周长.【详解】解:x2﹣3x﹣10=0,(x﹣5)(x+2)=0,即x﹣5=0或x+2=0,∴x1=5,x2=﹣2.因为方程x2﹣3x﹣10=0的根是等边三角形的边长,所以等边三角形的边长为5.所以该三角形的周长为:5×3=15.故答案为:15.【点睛】本题考查了一元二次方程的解法、等边三角形的周长等知识点.求出方程的解是解决本题的关键.18.90【解析】【分析】根据弧长公式列式计算得到答案【详解】设这个扇形的圆心角为n°则=3π解得n=90故答案为:90【点睛】考核知识点:弧长的计算熟记公式是关键解析:90【解析】【分析】根据弧长公式列式计算,得到答案.【详解】设这个扇形的圆心角为n°,则6180nπ⋅=3π,解得,n=90,故答案为:90.【点睛】考核知识点: 弧长的计算.熟记公式是关键.19.4【解析】【分析】由抛物线开口向上可知a>0再由开口的大小由a的绝对值决定可求得a的取值范围【详解】解:∵抛物线y1=ax2的开口向上∴a>0又∵它的开口比抛物线y2=3x2+2的开口小∴|a|>3解析:4【解析】【分析】由抛物线开口向上可知a>0,再由开口的大小由a的绝对值决定,可求得a的取值范围.【详解】解:∵抛物线y1=ax2的开口向上,∴a>0,又∵它的开口比抛物线y2=3x2+2的开口小,∴|a|>3,∴a>3,取a=4即符合题意【点睛】本题主要考查二次函数的性质,掌握二次函数的开口大小由a的绝对值决定是解题的关键,即|a|越大,抛物线开口越小.20.35【解析】【分析】【详解】解:∵PC与⊙O相切∴∠OCP=90°∴∠COP=90°-∠P=90°-20°=70°∵OA=OC∴∠A=∠ACO∵∠A+∠ACO=∠COP∴∠A=35°故答案为35解析:35【解析】【分析】【详解】解:∵PC与⊙O相切,∴∠OCP=90°,∴∠COP=90°-∠P=90°-20°=70°,∵OA=OC,∴∠A=∠ACO,∵∠A+∠ACO=∠COP,∴∠A=35°,故答案为35.三、解答题21.(1)n >0;(2)x 1=0,x 2=2.【解析】【分析】(1)根据方程有两个不相等的实数根可知240b ac ∆=-> ,即可求出n 的取值范围; (2)根据题意得出n 的值,将其代入方程,即可求得答案.【详解】(1)根据题意知,[]224(2)41(1)0b ac n ∆=-=--⨯⨯-->解之得:0n >;(2)∵0n > 且n 为取值范围内的最小整数,∴1n =,则方程为220x x -=,即(2)0x x -=,解得120,2x x ==.【点睛】本题主要考查了一元二次方程根的判别式,明确和掌握一元二次方程20(a 0)++=≠ax bx c 的根与24b ac ∆=-的关系(①当>0∆ 时,方程有两个不相等的实数根;②当0∆= 时方程有两个相等的实数根;③当∆<0 时,方程无实数根)是解题关键.22.(1)作图见解析;(2)作图见解析;(3)(0,-2).【解析】试题分析:(1)利用旋转的性质得出对应点坐标进而得出答案;(2)利用平移规律得出对应点位置,进而得出答案;(3)利用旋转图形的性质,连接对应点,即可得出旋转中心的坐标.试题解析:(1)如图所示:△A 1B 1C 即为所求;(2)如图所示:△A 2B 2C 2即为所求;(3)旋转中心坐标(0,﹣2).【考点】作图-旋转变换;作图-平移变换.23.(1)图见详解;(2)图见详解;(3)32π. 【解析】【分析】 (1)利用关于原点对称点的性质得出对应点位置进而得出答案;(2)直接利用旋转的性质得出对应点位置进而得出答案;(3)利用弧长公式计算即可得出结果.【详解】解:(1)如图示,△A 1B 1C 1为所求;(2)如图示,△A 2B 2C 2为所求;(3)∵△ABC 关于C 点顺时针旋转90°得到的△A 2B 2C 2,每个小正方形边长是1,由题图可知,半径3BC =,根据弧长的公式得:¼2239036320BB p p ´==´. 【点睛】此题主要考查了平移变换、旋转变换,正确得出对应点位置和熟悉弧长公式是解题关键.24.(1)当每吨销售价为1万元或2万元时,销售利润为 0.96万元;(2)每吨销售价为1.5万元时,销售利润最大,最大利润是1.21万元.【解析】【分析】(1)由销售量y=-x+2.6,而每吨的利润为x-0.4,所以w=y (x-0.4);(2)解出(2)中的函数是一个二次函数,对于二次函数取最值可使用配方法.【详解】解:(1)设销售利润为w 万元,由题意可得:w=(x-0.4)y=(x-0.4)(-x+2.6)=-x 2+3x-1.04,令w=0.96,则-x 2+3x-1.04=0.96解得x 1=1,x 2=2,答:当每吨销售价为1万元或2万元时,销售利润为 0.96万元;(2)w=-x 2+3x-1.04=-(x-1.5)2+1.21,当x=1.5时,w 最大=1.21,∴每吨销售价为1.5万元时,销售利润最大,最大利润是1.21万元.【点睛】本题考查了一元二次方程的应用和二次函数的应用,解题的关键是掌握题中的数量关系,列出相应方程和函数表达式.25.(1)A (-2,0),B (4,0),C (0,-8);(2)S △ABC =24【解析】【分析】(1)令y=0可求得相应方程的两根,从而求得A 、B 的坐标;令x=0,可求得C 点坐标. (2)根据A 、B 、C 三点坐标直接可求得△ABC 的面积.【详解】(1)在y =x 2-2x -8,令0x =,可得8y =-,即C 点坐标为(0,8)C -令0y =,得2280x x =-- 解得122,4x x =-=∵A 在B 的左侧∴(2,0),(4,0)A B -(2)∵(2,0),(4,0),(0,8)A B C --∴6,8AB OC ==S △ABC =12AB OC ⋅=1682⨯⨯=24 【点睛】本题考查了抛物线与坐标轴的交点问题,解题的关键在于求出交点坐标.。
2020-2021广州二中应元学校高二数学上期末试卷附答案一、选择题1.在如图所示的算法框图中,若()321a x dx =-⎰,程序运行的结果S 为二项式()52x +的展开式中3x 的系数的9倍,那么判断框中应填入的关于k 的判断条件是( )A .3K <B .3K >C .2K <D .2K > 2.把“二进制”数101101(2)化为“八进制”数是( )A .40(8)B .45(8)C .50(8)D .55(8)3.如图是把二进制的数11111化成十进制数的一个程序框图,则判断框内应填入的条件是( )A .4i >?B .5i >?C .4i ≤?D .5i ≤?4.执行如图所示的程序框图,若输入8x =,则输出的y 值为( )A .3B .52C .12D .34-5.执行如图的程序框图,那么输出的S 的值是( )A .﹣1B .12C .2D .1 6.执行如图所示的程序框图,若输入的a ,b ,c 依次为()sin sin αα,()cos sin αα,()sin cos αα,其中,42ππα⎛⎫∈⎪⎝⎭,则输出的x 为( )A .()cos cos ααB .()sin sin ααC .()cos sin ααD .()sin cos αα7.某校从高一(1)班和(2)班的某次数学考试(试卷满分为100分)的成绩中各随机抽取了6份数学成绩组成一个样本,如茎叶图所示.若分别从(1)班、(2)班的样本中各取一份,则(2)班成绩更好的概率为( )A .1636B .1736C .12D .19368.为了解某社区居民的家庭年收入和年支出的关系,随机调查了该社区5户家庭,得到如下统计数据表: 收入x 万 8.3 8.6 9.9 11.1 12.1 支出y 万5.97.88.18.49.8根据上表可得回归直线方程ˆˆˆybx a =+,其中0.78b ∧=,a y b x ∧∧=-元,据此估计,该社区一户收入为16万元家庭年支出为( ) A .12.68万元B .13.88万元C .12.78万元D .14.28万元9.要从其中有50个红球的1000个形状相同的球中,采用按颜色分层抽样的方法抽取100个进行分析,则应抽取红球的个数为( ) A .5个B .10个C .20个D .45个10.定义运算a b ⊗为执行如图所示的程序框图输出的S 值,则式子π2πtan cos 43⎛⎫⎛⎫⊗ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭的值是A.-1B.1 2C.1D.3 211.如图,在圆心角为直角的扇形OAB中,分别以,OA OB为直径作两个半圆,在扇形OAB内随机取一点,则此点取自阴影部分的概率是()A.21π-B.122π-C.2πD.1π12.执行如图所示的程序框图,若输入x=9,则循环体执行的次数为()A.1次B.2次C.3次D.4次二、填空题13.阅读如图所示的程序框图,若,,,则输出的结果是________.14.如下图,利用随机模拟的方法可以估计图中由曲线y=22x 与两直线x=2及y=0所围成的阴影部分的面积S :①先产生两组0~1的均匀随机数,a=RAND ( ),b=RAND ( );②做变换,令x=2a ,y=2b ;③产生N 个点(x ,y ),并统计落在阴影内的点(x ,y )的个数1N ,已知某同学用计算器做模拟试验结果,当N=1 000时,1N =332,则据此可估计S 的值为____.15.如图,在平放的边长为1的正方形中随机撒1000粒豆子,有380粒落到红心阴影部分上,据此估计红心阴影部分的面积为____.16.某校高中生共有900人,其中高一年级300人,高二年级200人,高三年级400人,现采用分层抽样法抽取一个容量为45的样本,那么从高一、高二、高三各年级抽取人数分别为 .17.某公司的班车在8:00,8:30发车,小明在7:50至8:30之间到达发车站乘坐班车,且到达发车站的时刻是随机的,则他等车时间不超过10分钟的概率是__________ 18.从甲、乙、丙、丁四人中选3人当代表,则甲被选上的概率为______.19.将红、黄、蓝、白、黑5个小球分别放入红、黄、蓝、白、黑5个盒子里,每个盒子里放且只放1个小球,则红球不在红盒内且黄球不在黄盒内的概率是______. 20.已知由样本数据点集合(){},|1,2,3,,i ix y i n =L L ,求得的回归直线方程为1.230.08y x Λ=+ ,且4x =。
广东省高三数学上册期末模拟试卷含答案注意:本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分,共150分,考试时间120分钟.1.答卷前,考生填、涂好学校、班级、姓名及座位号。
2.选择题用2B 铅笔作答;非选择题必须用黑色签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上,并将答题卡交回。
第Ⅰ卷 (选择题 共60分)一、选择题:本大题共12小题,每小题5分,在每一小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.集合4|01x A x x -⎧⎫=<⎨⎬+⎩⎭,{}ln 1B x x =<,则 A .A B φ=B .A B A =C .A B A =D .以上都不对2. 复数z 满足z (1﹣i)=|1+i |,则复数z 的共轭复数在复平面内的对应点位于 A .第一象限B .第二象限C .第三象限D .第四象限3. 若p 是真命题,q 是假命题,则 A .p q ∧是真命题 B .p q ∨是假命题 C .p ⌝是真命题D .q ⌝是真命题4.在ABC ∆中,若15,,sin 43b B A π=∠==,则a = A .325 B .335 C .33 D .533 5.下列函数为偶函数的是A .sin y x =B .)ln y x =C . x y e =D .y =6.函数y =sin (2x +3π)•cos (x ﹣6π)+cos (2x +3π)•sin (6π﹣x )的图象的一条对称轴方程是A .x =4π B .x =2π C .x =π D .x =23π 7.某工厂甲、乙、丙三个车间生产了同一种产品,数量分别为120件,80件,60件.为了解它们的产品质量是否存在显著差异,用分层抽样方法抽取了一个容量为n 的样本进行调查,其中从丙车间的产品中抽取了3件,则n= A .9B .10C .12D .138.设,x y 满足约束条件202300x y x y x y --≤⎧⎪-+≥⎨⎪+≤⎩,则46y x ++的取值范围是A .[4,1]-B .3[3,]7-C .(,3][1,)-∞-+∞D .[3,1]-9.已知F 1(﹣3,0)、F 2(3,0)是椭圆12=+2ny m x 的两个焦点,P 是椭圆上的点,当32=∠21πPF F 时,△F 1PF 2的面积最大,则有 A .m =12,n =3 B .m =24,n =6C .m =6,n =23D .m =12,n =610.宋元时期数学名著《算学启蒙》中有关于“松竹并生”的问题:松长五尺,竹长两尺,松日自半,竹日自倍,松竹何日而长等.下图是源于其思想的一个程序框图,若输入的,a b 分别为5,2,则输出的n = A .2 B .3 C .4 D .511.在四面体S ﹣ABC 中,SA ⊥平面ABC ,∠BAC=120°,SA=AC=2,AB=1,则该四面体的外接球的表面积为 A .11πB .328πC .310πD .340π12.设函数()f x 的定义域为D ,若满足条件:存在[,]a b D ⊆,使()f x 在[,]a b 上的值域为[,]22a b,则称()f x 为“倍缩函数”.若函数t nx x f +1=)(为“倍缩函数”,则实数t 的取值范围是 A .(﹣∞,l n 2﹣1) B .(﹣∞,l n 2﹣1] C .(1﹣l n 2,+∞)D .[1﹣l n 2,+∞)第Ⅱ卷 (非选择题 共90分)本卷包括必考题和选考题两部分.第13题~第21题为必考题,每个试题考生都必须作答,第22~第23题为选考题,考生根据要求作答.二、填空题:本大题共4小题,每小题5分。
2020-2021广州市二中应元高中必修三数学上期中试题(含答案)一、选择题1.执行右面的程序框图,若输入的,,a b k 分别为1,2,3,则输出的M =( )A .203B .72C .165D .1582.已知某样本的容量为50,平均数为70,方差为75.现发现在收集这些数据时,其中的两个数据记录有误,一个错将80记录为60,另一个错将70记录为90.在对错误的数据进行更正后,重新求得样本的平均数为x ,方差为2s ,则 A .270,75x s =<B .270,75x s =>C .270,75x s ><D .270,75x s <>3.从区间[]0,2随机抽取4n 个数1232,,,...,n x x x x ,1232,,,...,n y y y y 构成2n 个数对()11,x y ,()22,x y ,…,()22,n n x y ,其中两数的平方和小于4的数对有m 个,则用随机模拟的方法得到的圆周率疋的近似值为( ) A .2m nB .2mnC .4m nD .16m n4.甲、乙两名射击运动员分别进行了5次射击训练,成绩(单位:环)如下: 甲:7,8,8,8,9 乙:6,6,7,7,10;若甲、乙两名运动员的平均成绩分别用12,x x 表示,方差分别为2212,S S 表示,则( )A .221212,x x s s >> B .221212,x x s s >< C .221212,x x s s << D .221212,x x s s <> 5.已知变量,x y 之间满足线性相关关系ˆ 1.31yx =-,且,x y 之间的相关数据如下表所示: x 1 2 3 4 y0.1m3.14则实数m =( )A .0.8B .0.6C .1.6D .1.86.某学校10位同学组成的志愿者组织分别由李老师和张老师负责,每次献爱心活动均需该组织4位同学参加.假设李老师和张老师分别将各自活动通知的信息独立,随机地发给4位同学,且所发信息都能收到.则甲同学收到李老师或张老师所发活动通知的信息的概率为( ) A .25B .1225C .1625D .457.有5支彩笔(除颜色外无差别),颜色分别为红、黄、蓝、绿、紫.从这5支彩笔中任取2支不同颜色的彩笔,则取出的2支彩笔中含有红色彩笔的概率为 A .45B .35C .25D .158.将20名学生任意分成甲、乙两组,每组10人,其中2名学生干部恰好被分在不同组内的概率为( )A .192181020C C C B .1921810202C C C C .1921910202C C C D .192191020C C C 9.用秦九韶算法求多项式()54227532f x x x x x x =+++++在2x =的值时,令05v a =,105v v x =+,…,542v v x =+,则3v 的值为( )A .83B .82C .166D .16710.已知0,0,2,a b a b >>+=则14y a b=+的最小值是 ( ) A .72B .4C .92D .511.若框图所给的程序运行结果为,那么判断框中应填入的关于k 的条件是A .?B .?C .?D .?12.若同时掷两枚骰子,则向上的点数和是6的概率为( ) A .16B .112C .536D .518二、填空题13.在5张卡片上分别写有数字1,2,3,4,5,然后将它们混合,再任意排列成一行,则得到的数能被2或5整除的概率是___________.14.某校连续5天对同学们穿校服的情况进行统计,没有穿校服的人数用茎叶图表示,如图,若该组数据的平均数为18,则x =_____________.15.在区间[]3,3-上随机取一个数x ,使得11x +≥成立的概率为______.16.用秦九韶算法计算多项式f(x)=2x 4-x 3+3x 2+7,在求x=2时对应的值时,v 3的值为___. 17.已知x ,y 取值如表,画散点图分析可知y 与x 线性相关,且求得回归方程为$35y x =-,则m 的值为__________.x0 13 5 6y 1 2m 3m - 3.8 9.218.为了了解某地区高三学生的身体发育情况,抽查了该地区400名年年龄为17岁~18岁的男生体重()kg ,得到频率分布直方图如图5所示:根据图2可得这200名学生中体重在[64.5,76.5]的学生人数是__________. 19.执行如图所示的程序框图,如果输出3s =,则正整数M 为__________.20.已知,x y 之间的一组数据不小心丢失一个,但已知回归直线过点()1.5,4,则丢失的数据是__________.x 0 1 2 3y135三、解答题21.某市环保部门对该市市民进行了一次垃圾分类知识的网络问卷调查,每一位市民仅有一次参加机会,通过随机抽样,得到参加问卷调查的1000人的得分(满分:100分)数据,统计结果如下表所示. 组别 [)30,40 [)40,50 [)50,60 [)60,70 [)70,80 [)80,90 [)90,100频数25150200250 225 100 50(1)已知此次问卷调查的得分Z 服从正态分布(),210N μ,μ近似为这1000人得分的平均值(同一组中的数据用该组区间的中点值为代表),请利用正态分布的知识求()3679.5P Z <≤;(2)在(1)的条件下,环保部门为此次参加问卷调查的市民制定如下奖励方案. (ⅰ)得分不低于μ的可以获赠2次随机话费,得分低于μ的可以获赠1次随机话费; (ⅱ)每次赠送的随机话费和相应的概率如下表. 赠送的随机话费/元 20 40 概率3414现市民甲要参加此次问卷调查,记X 为该市民参加问卷调查获赠的话费,求X 的分布列及数学期望.附:21014.5≈,若()2,X Nμσ:,则()0.6827P X μσμσ-<≤+=,()220.9545P X μσμσ-<≤+=,()330.9973P X μσμσ-<≤+=.22.为检验,A B 两条生产线的优品率,现从两条生产线上各抽取6件产品进行检测评分,用茎叶图的形式记录,并规定高于90分为优品.前5件的评分记录如下,第6件暂不公布.(1)求所抽取的A 生产线上的6个产品的总分小于B 生产线上的第6个产品的总分的概率;(2)已知,A B 生产线的第6件产品的评分分别为90,97.①从A 生产线的6件产品里面随机抽取2件,设非优品的件数为η,求η的分布列和数学期望;②以所抽取的样本优品率来估计B生产线的优品率,从B生产线上随机抽取3件产品,记优品的件数为X,求X的数学期望.23.艾滋病是一种危害性极大的传染病,由感染艾滋病病毒(HIV病毒)引起,它把人体免疫系统中最重要的CD4T淋巴细胞作为主要攻击目标,使人体丧失免疫功能.下表是近八年来我国艾滋病病毒感染人数统计表:年份20112012201320142015201620172018年份代码x12345678感染者人数(y单位:万人)34.338.343.353.857.765.471.885()1请根据该统计表,画出这八年我国艾滋病病毒感染人数的折线图;()2请用相关系数说明:能用线性回归模型拟合y与x的关系;()3建立y关于x的回归方程(系数精确到0.01),预测2019年我国艾滋病病毒感染人数.42 6.48≈;81449.6iiy==∑,812319.5i iix y==∑821()46.2iiy y=-=∑,参考公式:相关系数12211()()()nin ni ii ix x y yrx x y y===--=--∑∑∑,回归方程y bx a=+$$$中,b$()121()()ni iiniix x y yx x==--=-∑∑,a y bx=-$$.24.某校100名学生期中考试语文成绩的频率分布直方图如图所示,其中成绩分组区间是:[50,60),[60,70),[70,80),[80,90),[90,100].(1)求图中a 的值;(2)根据频率分布直方图,估计这100名学生语文成绩的平均分;(3)若这100名学生语文成绩某些分数段的人数(x )与数学成绩相应分数段的人数(y )之比如下表所示,求数学成绩在[50,90)之外的人数. 分数段 [50,60) [60,70) [70,80) [80,90) x ∶y1∶12∶13∶44∶525.下表提供了某厂节能降耗技术改造后生产甲产品过程中记录的产量x (吨)与相应的生产能耗y (吨)标准煤的几组对照数据x34 5 6y 2.5 344.5(1)请根据上表提供的数据,用最小二乘法求出y 关于x 的线性回归方程y b x a =+$$; (2)已知该厂技改前100吨甲产品的生产能耗为90吨标准煤.试根据(1)求出的线性回归方程,预测生产100吨甲产品的生产能耗比技改前降低多少吨标准煤?参考公式:()1122211()()nni i i i i i n n ii i i x x y y x y nxy b x x x nx a y bx====⎧---⎪==⎪⎨--⎪=-⎪⎩∑∑∑∑26.[2019·朝鲜中学]在如图所示的程序框图中,有这样一个执行框1()i i x f x -=,其中的函数关系式为42()1x f x x -=+,程序框图中的D 为函数()f x 的定义域.(1)若输入04965x =,请写出输出的所有x 的值; (2)若输出的所有i x 都相等,试求输入的初始值0x .【参考答案】***试卷处理标记,请不要删除一、选择题 1.D 解析:D 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】试题分析:根据题意由13≤成立,则循环,即1331,2,,2222M a b n =+====;又由23≤成立,则循环,即28382,,,33323M a b n =+====;又由33≤成立,则循环,即3315815,,,428838M a b n =+====;又由43≤不成立,则出循环,输出158M =. 考点:算法的循环结构2.A解析:A 【解析】 【分析】分别根据数据的平均数和方差的计算公式,求得2,x s 的值,即可得到答案. 【详解】由题意,根据平均数的计算公式,可得7050806070907050x ⨯+-+-==,设收集的48个准确数据分别记为1248,,,x x x L , 则()()()()()2222212481757070706070907050x x x ⎡⎤=-+-++-+-+-⎣⎦L ()()()2221248170707050050x x x L ⎡⎤=-+-++-+⎣⎦, ()()()()()222222124817070708070707050s x x x ⎡⎤=-+-++-+-+-⎣⎦L ()()()222124817070701007550x x x ⎡⎤=-+-++-+<⎣⎦L , 故275s <.选A . 【点睛】本题主要考查了数据的平均数和方差的计算公式的应用,其中解答中熟记数据的平均数和方差的公式,合理准确计算是解答的关键,着重考查了推理与运算能力,数基础题.3.B解析:B 【解析】 【分析】根据随机模拟试验的的性质以及几何概型概率公式列方程求解即可. 【详解】 如下图:由题意,从区间[]0,2随机抽取的2n 个数对()11,x y ,()22,x y ,…,()22,n n x y ,落在面积为4的正方形内,两数的平方和小于4对应的区域为半径为2的圆内,满足条件的区域面积为2124ππ⋅=,所以由几何概型可知42π=m n ,所以2π=m n. 故选:B【点睛】本题主要考查几何概型,属于中档题.4.B解析:B 【解析】计算18x =,27.2x =,210.4s =,22 2.16s =得到答案.【详解】17888985x ++++==,26677107.25x ++++==,故12x x >.()()()()()222222178888888980.45s -+-+-+-+-==;()()()()()222222267.267.277.277.2107.2 2.165s -+-+-+-+-==,故2212s s <.故选:B. 【点睛】本题考查了平均值和方差的计算,意在考查学生的计算能力和观察能力.5.D解析:D 【解析】分析:由题意结合线性回归方程的性质整理计算即可求得最终结果. 详解:由题意可得:12345 2.542x +++===,0.1 3.14 1.844m my +++==+, 线性回归方程过样本中心点,则:1.8 1.3 2.514m+=⨯-, 解得:8.1=m . 本题选择D 选项.点睛:本题主要考查线性回归方程的性质及其应用等知识,意在考查学生的转化能力和计算求解能力.6.C解析:C 【解析】 【分析】甲同学收到李老师或张老师所发活动通知的信息的对立事件是甲同学既没收到李老师的信息也没收到张老师的信息,李老师的信息与张老师的信息是相互独立的,由此可计算概率. 【详解】设甲同学收到李老师的信息为事件A ,收到张老师的信息为事件B ,A 、B 相互独立,42()()105P A P B ===, 则甲同学收到李老师或张老师所发活动通知的信息的概率为33161()1(1())(1())15525P AB P A P B -=---=-⨯=.【点睛】本题考查相互独立事件的概率,考查对立事件的概率.在求两个事件中至少有一个发生的概率时一般先求其对立事件的概率,即两个事件都不发生的概率.这样可减少计算,保证正确.7.C解析:C 【解析】选取两支彩笔的方法有25C 种,含有红色彩笔的选法为14C 种,由古典概型公式,满足题意的概率值为142542105C p C ===. 本题选择C 选项. 考点:古典概型名师点睛:对于古典概型问题主要把握基本事件的种数和符合要求的事件种数,基本事件的种数要注意区别是排列问题还是组合问题,看抽取时是有、无顺序,本题从这5支彩笔中任取2支不同颜色的彩笔,是组合问题,当然简单问题建议采取列举法更直观一些.8.A解析:A 【解析】 【分析】由题意知本题是一个古典概型,先求出事件发生的总个数,再求出满足要求的事件个数,再根据古典概型的概率公式即可得出结果. 【详解】由题意知本题是一个古典概型,试验发生的所有事件是20名学生平均分成两组共有1020C 种结果, 而满足条件的事件是2名学生干部恰好被分在不同组内共有19218C C 中结果,根据古典概型的概率公式得192181020=C C P C . 故选:A. 【点睛】本题主要考查古典概型和组合问题,属于基础题.9.A解析:A 【解析】 【分析】利用秦九韶算法,求解即可. 【详解】利用秦九韶算法,把多项式改写为如下形式:()((((75)3)1)1)2f x x x x x =+++++按照从里到外的顺序,依次计算一次多项式当2x =时的值:07v =172519v =⨯+= 2192341v =⨯+= 3412183v =⨯+=故选:A 【点睛】本题主要考查了秦九韶算法的应用,属于中档题.10.C解析:C 【解析】 【分析】由题意结合均值不等式的结论即可求得14y a b=+的最小值,注意等号成立的条件. 【详解】 由题意可得:14y a b =+()11414522b a a b a b a b ⎛⎫⎛⎫=⨯++=⨯++ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭14522b a a b ⎛⎫≥⨯+⨯ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭92=, 当且仅当24,33a b ==时等号成立. 即14y a b =+的最小值是92. 故选:C. 【点睛】在应用基本不等式求最值时,要把握不等式成立的三个条件,就是“一正——各项均为正;二定——积或和为定值;三相等——等号能否取得”,若忽略了某个条件,就会出现错误.11.A解析:A 【解析】 【分析】根据所给的程序运行结果为,执行循环语句,当计算结果S 为20时,不满足判断框的条件,退出循环,从而到结论.【详解】由题意可知输出结果为,第1次循环,,,第2次循环,,,此时S满足输出结果,退出循环,所以判断框中的条件为.故选:A.【点睛】本题主要考查了循环结构,是当型循环,当满足条件,执行循环,同时考查了推理能力,属于基础题.12.C解析:C【解析】由图表可知,点数和共有36种可能性,其中是6的共有5种,所以点数和是6的概率为536,故选C.点睛:本题考查古典概型的概率,属于中档题目.具有以下两个特点的概率模型称为古典概率模型,简称古典概型.(1)试验中所有可能出现的基本事件只有有限个.(2)每个基本事件出现的可能性相等.如果一次试验中可能出现的结果有n个,而且所有结果出现的可能性都相等,那么每一个基本事件的概率都是;如果某个事件A包括的结果有m个,那么事件A的概率P(A)=.二、填空题13.【解析】【分析】首先计算出五位数的总的个数然后根据可被或整除的五位数的末尾是偶数或计算出满足的五位数的个数根据古典概型的概率计算公式求出概率即可【详解】因为五位数的总个数为:能被或整除的五位数的个数解析:3 5【解析】【分析】首先计算出五位数的总的个数,然后根据可被2或5整除的五位数的末尾是偶数或5计算出满足的五位数的个数,根据古典概型的概率计算公式求出概率即可.【详解】因为五位数的总个数为:55A =120,能被2或5整除的五位数的个数为:443A =72⨯, 所以7231205P ==. 故答案为:35. 【点睛】本题考查排列组合在数字个数问题方面的应用,难度一般.涉及到不同数字组成的几位数个数问题时,若要求数字不重复,可以通过排列数去计算相应几位数的个数.14.8【解析】【分析】根据茎叶图计算平均数【详解】由茎叶图得【点睛】本题考查茎叶图以及平均数考查基本运算能力属基础题解析:8 【解析】 【分析】根据茎叶图计算平均数. 【详解】 由茎叶图得1617101920188.5x x +++++=∴=【点睛】本题考查茎叶图以及平均数,考查基本运算能力,属基础题.15.【解析】【分析】求出不等式的解集计算长度运用几何概型即可求出概率【详解】或则在区间上随机取一个数x 使得成立的概率为故答案为【点睛】本题考查了几何概型中的长度型概率只需将题目中的含有绝对值不等式进行求 解析:23【解析】 【分析】求出不等式的解集,计算长度,运用几何概型即可求出概率 【详解】11x +≥Q0x ∴≥或2x ≤-则在区间[]33-,上随机取一个数x ,使得11x +≥成立的概率为4263= 故答案为23【点睛】本题考查了几何概型中的长度型概率,只需将题目中的含有绝对值不等式进行求解,然后计算出长度,即可得到结果16.【解析】f(x)=2x4-x3+3x2+7=(((2x-1)x+3)x)x+7∴v0=2v1=2×2-1=3v2=3×2+3=9v3=9×2=18故答案为:18解析:【解析】f (x )=2x 4-x 3+3x 2+7=(((2x -1)x +3)x )x +7, ∴v 0=2,v 1=2×2-1=3,v 2=3×2+3=9,v 3=9×2=18. 故答案为:18.17.3【解析】由题意可得:回归方程过样本中心点则:即:解得:点睛:(1)正确理解计算的公式和准确的计算是求线性回归方程的关键(2)回归直线方程必过样本点中心(3)在分析两个变量的相关关系时可根据样本数据解析:3 【解析】由题意可得:0135635x ++++== ,回归方程过样本中心点,则:=3354y ⨯-= ,即:()123 3.89.245m m ++-++= ,解得:3m = .点睛:(1)正确理解计算$,a b$的公式和准确的计算是求线性回归方程的关键. (2)回归直线方程y bx a =+$$$必过样本点中心(),x y .(3)在分析两个变量的相关关系时,可根据样本数据作出散点图来确定两个变量之间是否具有相关关系,若具有线性相关关系,则可通过线性回归方程来估计和预测.18.232【解析】由图可知:段的频率为则频数为人解析:232 【解析】由图可知:64.576.5~段的频率为1(0.010.030.050.050.07)20.58-++++⨯=, 则频数为4000.58232⨯=人.19.27【解析】依次运行框图所示的程序可得第一次:不满足条件;第二次:不满足条件;第三次:不满足条件;……第二十四次:不满足条件;故判断框内的条件是答案:27点睛:程序框图的补全及逆向求解问题的解题策略解析:27 【解析】依次运行框图所示的程序,可得第一次:1331log 4log 4,4S k =⨯==,不满足条件; 第二次:2343log 4log 5log 5,5S k =⨯==,不满足条件; 第三次:3353log 5log 6log 6,6S k =⨯==,不满足条件; ……第二十四次:243263log 26log 27log 273,27S k =⨯===,不满足条件; 故判断框内的条件是27?k ≥。
一、选择题1.已知数列121,,,4a a 成等差数列,1231,,,,4b b b 成等比数列,则212a ab -的值是 ( ) A .12B .12-C .12或12- D .142.已知数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,且1142n n a -⎛⎫=+- ⎪⎝⎭,若对任意*N n ∈,都有()143n p S n ≤-≤成立,则实数p 的取值范围是( )A .()2,3B .[]2,3C .92,2⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦D .92,2⎡⎫⎪⎢⎣⎭3.数列{}n a 满足()11nn n a a n ++=-⋅,则数列{}n a 的前20项的和为( ) A .100B .-100C .-110D .1104.设,x y 满足约束条件330280440x y x y x y -+≥⎧⎪+-≤⎨⎪+-≥⎩,则3z x y =+的最大值是( )A .9B .8C .3D .45.设,x y 满足约束条件3002x y x y x -+≥⎧⎪+≥⎨⎪≤⎩, 则3z x y =+的最小值是 A .5-B .4C .3-D .116.正项等比数列{a n }中,a 3,a 4的等比中项为∫1xe 1edx ,令T n =a 1⋅a 2⋅a 3⋅⋯⋅a n ,则T 6=( ) A .6B .16C .32D .647.已知x ,y 满足2303301x y x y y +-≤⎧⎪+-≥⎨⎪≤⎩,z =2x +y 的最大值为m ,若正数a ,b 满足a +b =m ,则14a b+的最小值为( ) A .3B .32C .2D .528.若n S 是等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和,其首项10a >,991000a a +>,991000a a ⋅< ,则使0n S >成立的最大自然数n 是( ) A .198B .199C .200D .2019.已知函数f (x )=x 2﹣2x +k ,若对于任意的实数x 1,x 2,x 3,x 4∈[1,2]时,f (x 1)+f (x 2)+f (x 3)>f (x 4)恒成立,则实数k 的取值范围为( ) A .(23,+∞) B .(32,+∞) C .(﹣∞,23) D .(﹣∞,32) 10.数列{a n }的前n 项和为S n ,若S n +a n =2,则S 5的值等于( )A .1516B .3116 C .3132 D .6332 11.已知函数223log ,0(){1,0x x f x x x x +>=--≤,则不等式()5f x ≤的解集为 ( )A .[]1,1-B .[]2,4-C .(](),20,4-∞-⋃D .(][],20,4-∞-⋃ 12.数列{}n a 为等比数列,若11a =,748a a =,数列1n a ⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭的前n 项和为n S ,则5(S = )A .3116B .158C .7D .3113.在等差数列{a n }中,a 1>0,a 10·a 11<0,若此数列的前10项和S 10=36,前18项的和S 18=12,则数列{|a n |}的前18项和T 18的值是 ( ) A .24B .48C .60D .8414.已知x 、y 满足约束条件50{03x y x y x -+≥+≥≤,则24z x y =+的最小值是( )A .6-B .5C .10D .10-15.在ΔABC 中,A =60°,B =75°,BC =10,则AB = A .5√2B .10√2C .5√6D .10√63二、填空题16.已知,x y 满足约束条件420y x x y y ≤⎧⎪+≤⎨⎪+≥⎩,则2z x y =+的最大值为__________.17.数列{}n a 满足11,a =前n 项和为n S ,且*2(2,)n n S a n n N =≥∈,则{}n a 的通项公式n a =____;18.在ABC ∆中,角,,A B C 所对的边为,,a b c ,若23sin c ab C =,则当b aa b+取最大值时,cos C __________;19.《九章算术》“竹九节”问题:现有一根9节的竹子,自上而下各节的容积成等差数列,上面4节的容积共3升,下面3节的容积共4升,则第5节的容积为 升;20.已知向量()()1,,,2a x b x y ==-,其中0x >,若a 与b 共线,则yx的最小值为__________.21.ABC ∆内角A 、B 、C 的对边分别是a ,b ,c ,且2cos (32)cos b C a c B =-.当b =2ac =,ABC ∆的面积为______.22.若正数,a b 满足3ab a b =++,则+a b 的取值范围_______________。
2020-2021学年广州市越秀区二中应元学校高三英语期末考试试题及答案解析第一部分阅读(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ASheffieldLincoln College of EnglishClasses for foreign students at all levels.3 months, 6 months, 9 months and one year course.Open all year.Small class (at most 12 students).Library, language laboratory and listening center.Accommodation (住宿)with selected families.25 minutes from London.Course fees for English for one year are£1,380 with reduction for shorter periods of study.1.This passage is probably taken from _______.A.an advertisementB.a noticeC.a posterD.a piece of news2.Who will be accepted by this college?A.Both foreign and native students.B.Only foreign beginners and the advanced.C.Foreign students from beginners to the advanced.D.Only foreign students advanced.3.While you stay there, who will take care of you?A.Your parents.B.Your classmates.C.The school where you study.D.The family you have chosen.BThe Great Barrier Reef's outlook remains “very poor” despite coral (珊瑚) recovery over the past year, Australian government scientistssaid Monday, just days before a UNESCO ruling on the site's world heritage (遗产)status.The United Nations cultural agency recommended last month that the world's largest reef (珊瑚礁) system be placed on its endangered list because of damage to the corals largely caused by climate change.The Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) said the corals were now in a “recovery window” after a decade of harmful heat stress and cyclones (旋风). But such opportunities were becoming rarer due to the influence ofclimate change, the government agency, which has monitored the reef for 35 years, said in its annual report released today. “The increasing emergence of climate-related extreme weather events and starfish outbreaks is causing more severe and frequent pressures, giving the reef fewer opportunities like this to recover,”CEO Paul Hardisty said. The scientists surveyed 127 reef sites in 2021 and found hard coral cover had increased at 69 of the 81 locations surveyed in the past two years.Separate scientific research released last October found the 2, 300-kilometre (1, 400 miles) system had lost half its corals since 1995, with a series of ocean heatwaves causing mass coral death.Britta Schaffelke, research program director at AIMS, said the latest findings provided a slight hope that the reef still has the power of recovering. But she added that its future is still very poor because of the dangers of climate change and other factors that are affecting the reef.UNESCO has urged Australia to take urgent climate action but the government has long resisted calls to commit to net zero emissions (排放) by 2050. The government has said it hopes to meet the target “as soon as possible” without harming its economy, insisting dealing with climate change requires a global effort. The reef was worth about US $4. 8 billion a year in tourism for the Australian economy and there are fears that an “in danger” listing could weaken its tourist appeal.4. What is the major cause of the damage to the corals?A. The climate change.B. Lack of money.C. Over development.D. Too many tourists.5. What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 3?A. The result of the survey.B. The efforts AIMS has made.C. The slight chance of the recovery.D. The terrible situation of the climate.6. What is Britta Schaffelke's attitude towards the future of the reef?A. Unclear.B. Positive.C Intolerant. D. Anxious.7. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Australia wants to put the reef on the endangered list.B. The Australian government has ignored UNESCO's demand.C. Australia hopes to keep a balance between emission target and its economy.D. The Australian government refuses to take its share of responsibility of climate change.CWe have most friends at the age of 26 afterhaving spent the first quarter of our lives building up our friendship circle, new research has claimed.The research into friendship shows that our social circle peaks at 26 years and 7 months, at which we typically have five close friends. Women are most popular at 25 years and 10 months, with men hitting the highest friendship point a little later at 27 years and 3 months.The research, by Forever Friends, shows that about a third of adults meet their closest friends while at school, with about a fifth saying they meet them at work.Social networks such as Facebook and Twitter now also play a major role in building new friendship. The research points out that 25 to 34-year-olds make 22 friends via Facebook, compared to 18 to 24-year-olds who make 12, and 35 to 44-year-olds who make just four.Forever Friends' relationship coach Sam Owen says, “It is no coincidence that over a third of us meet our best friends at school. It is a key time in our lives when friendship is growing through sharing notes, giving gifts, seeing each other regularly and laughing a lot. As adults we can often forget how powerful these small things are and how the little things can make a difference."Later in life we find ourselves losing friends. Over half of us lose friendship through moving, while 36% say that over time they grow apart from close pals. Having children also causes 19% todrift away fromchildhood friends.With growing pressure being put on friendship these days, it's important to make time for our friendship.8. How many friends can a 20-year-old college student make via Facebook?A. 22.B. 18.C. 12.D. 4.9. In Paragraph 5, the author is trying to tell the readers ________.A. how important making friends isB. school time is an important period to develop friendshipC. how much has been done to keep friendshipD. that friendship is not easy to keep10. The underlined phrase "drift away from" in Paragraph 6 means ________.A. make sense ofB. make up withC. feel sorry forD. lose touch with11. This passage is mostprobably taken from ________.A. a newspaperB. an advertisementC. a textbookD. Facebook or TwitterD“They’re harming your brain.” “They’re ruining your eyes.” “They’re turning you into a violent person.” The words said publicly against video games are so common, but are these worries founded on actual science? Countless studies have offered different opinions on whether video games are bad for you. We’ve rounded up the most notable reports and studies below, so you can weigh up the evidence for yourself.In 2013,psychologist(心理学家) Simone Kuhn studied the influences of spending long hours on video games on the brains of young adults and found that several areas became bigger than before. These areas are connected with highercognitive functions(认知功能), memory formation andfinemotor(精细运动) function.Last year, psychologists said that video game players who favour violent games are more likely to be violent when offline. Dr. Mark Appelbaum of the American Psychological Association said that there was a relation between violent video game use and increases in violent behaviour.Dr. Daphne Bavelier is an expert in the field of Brain & Cognitive Sciences. Bavelier presented the audience with a colour-word test, where non-gamers are easily puzzled by the test, and those who spend long periods playing on their computers are more likely to pass the test with flying colours.“Actually, those video game players have many other advantages in terms of attention,” said Bavelier, “and one part of attention which is also improved for the better is our ability to follow the movements of objects.”“So, in a sense, when we think about the influence of video games on the brain, it’s very similar to the influence of wine on the health. There are some very poor uses of wine. There are some very poor uses of video games. But when drunk in reasonable amounts, and at the right age, wine can be very good for health,” said Bavelier.12. What can be learned from Simone Kuhn’s study?A. Video games make you happier.B. Video games make your brain grow.C. Video games play a key role in memory.D. Video games teach you how to learn fast.13. What was Dr. Mark Appelbaum’s attitude towards video games?A. He was against them.B. He was hopeful of them.C.He was in favour of them.D. He was uncertain about them.14. Which of the following may Dr. Daphne Bavelier agree with?A. Video games fix attention problems.B. Video games make kids do well in exams.C. Video games encourage violent behaviour.D. Video games help increase colour knowledge.15. Why are the uses of wine mentioned in the last paragraph?A. To remind people to avoid video games.B. To show the disadvantages of video games.C. To help people learn more about video games.D.To ask people to make good use of video games.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020-2021学年广州市越秀区二中应元学校高三英语第一次联考试卷及答案第一部分阅读(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ANo one knows when the first printing press was invented or who invented it. but the oldest known printed text originated in China during the first millennium (千年) AD.The Diamond Sutra (《金刚经》), a Buddhist book from Dunhuang, China during the Tang Dynasty, is said to be the oldest known printed book.The Diamond Sutrawas created with a method known as block printing (雕版印刷), which used boards of hand-carved wood blocks in reverse.It was said that the moveable type was developed by Bi Sheng. He was fromYingshan,Hubei,China, living from 970 to 1051 AD. His method replaced panels of printing blocks with moveable individual Chinese characters that could be reused. The first moveable Chinese Characters were carved into clay and baked into hard blocks that were then arranged onto an iron frame that was pressed against an iron plate.The earliest mention of Bi Sheng’s printing press is in the bookDream Pool Essays, written in 1086 by Shen Kuo, who noted that his nephews came into possession of Bi Sheng’s typefaces (字体) after his death. Shen Kuo explained that Bi Sheng did not use wood because the texture is inconsistent (不一致的) and absorbs wetness too easily.By the time of the Southern Song Dynasty, which ruled from 1127 to 1279 AD, books had become popular in society and helped create a scholarly class of citizens who had the capabilities to become civil servants. Large printed book collections also became a status symbol for the wealthy class.1. When was Bi Sheng’s printing press first introduced in history?A. After Bi Sheng died and his nephews owned his typefaces.B. When books became popular in the Southern Song Dynasty.C. After the block printing was replaced by the moveable type printing.D. WhenThe Diamond Sutrawas printed into a book.2. What can we infer from the passage?A. Shen Kuo made great contributions to printing.B. The moveable type printing was invented earlier than block printing.C. Printed books were hard to get in the Song Dynasty.D. By the Southern Song Dynasty, books had helped people get to higher social positions.3. Why does the author write this passage?A. To show that Buddhism was popular in the Tang Dynasty.B. To introduce the early history of printing.C. To memorize Bi Sheng, developing the moveable type printing.D. To indicate the advantages of moveable type printing.BFew people are aware that Waterloo Bridge, crossed by thousands of daily commuters (每天长途上下班的人) and celebrated as a London landmark, was mainly built by a female workforce.There are no written or photographic records ofthe women who built the bridge since the construction company that built it closed in the 1980s and with it went all the records. What’s left is anecdotal evidence, kept alive by the tourist boat skippers who have called it theLadiesBridge.During the Second World War, with the majority of the active male labor-force away at the front, women increasingly took on traditionally male roles. By 1944, 25,000 women were working in the construction industry, carrying out back-breaking tasks. These women were permitted to carry out this exhausting and dangerous work on the basis that it would only be temporary and that their pay would be lower than that of men. So the surge (激增) in women working in construction and engineering did not continue after the war.September sees a series of events celebrating the unknown work of the large female workforce. Musician Claudia Molitor has created a 45-minute musical entitled “theSingingBridge”, which runs at Somerset House from Sept9th. to Sept25th. In late September, the “Light up the Ladies Bridge” event saw the National Theatre’s fly tower lit up by large scale photographic projections (投影片) of female construction workers working in construction during World War II.Let’s all celebrate the women who have helped to build the cities in which we live.4. Why do few people know about the builders ofWaterlooBridge?A. The records of their work have been lost.B. Female workers received little attention.C. The construction took place long ago.D. Few people know about the bridge.5. What can we learn from the fourth paragraph?A. There are less female workers inLondon.B.WaterlooBridgeis popular among artists.C. The story ofWaterlooBridgeis better known.D. Many works of art were created during World War II.6. Why didLondonwomen do the construction work?A. It was a tradition inLondon.B. They wanted to get a steady job.C. Mostmen had gone to the battlefield.D. The company offered them better pay.7. Which can be the best title for the text?A. Female Workers on the RiseB. A Hidden Treasure inLondonC. ANew LondonLandmarkD. The Story behind theLadiesBridgeCThe United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) included on December 17, 2020 China's Tai Chi on the RepresentativeList of the Intangible(无形的)Cultural Heritage of Humanity. The decision was announced during the online meeting of the UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage held from December 14 to19 inKingston, capital ofJamaica.“Born in the mid-17th century in a small village named Chenjiagou located in Central China's Henan province, Tai Chi is not only a kind of traditional Wushu integrated with slow movements and deep breathing, but is also deeply rooted in many areas of Chinese culture, such as medicine and philosophy,”Zhu Xianghua says, who is the son of the famous Tai Chi master Zhu Tiancai.Although it has spread to more than 150 countries and regions, attracting more than 100 million people to practice, the idea that Tai Chi is for the elderly has stopped many young people practicing the ancient Wushu. They think of it as a slow exercise, which is specially made and better suited for their grandparents. Instead, many young people are turning to the Indian practice of yoga(瑜伽)to relieve stress, which was placed on the UNESCO's List in 2019.In order to promote Tai Chi, joint efforts have been made from individuals and the Chinese government in the last decades. Xi'an Jiaotong University requires students to learn Tai Chi. Wang Yunbing, a professor in theuniversity's sports center, stressed that Tai Chi is not only good physical exercise-researchers from the American College of Rheumatology find that it can help manage several diseases but is also conned ted to ancient Chinese eivilization. Since 2014, the World Tai Chi Championships have been held every two years by the International Wushu Federation. It provides a platform for communication and learning between the Tai Chi masters and Tai Chi lovers around the globe. In January 2020, Tai Chi became an official event in the 2026 Dakar Youth Olympic Games.8. What does Zhu Xianghua say about Tai Chi in paragraph 2?A. It originated from fast Kung Fu action.B. It was born around the 1750s in a village.C. It is related to other cultural fields ofChina.D. It integrates Chinese medicine and western philosophy.9. Why do some young people choose to practice yoga instead of Tai Chi?A. They think it easier to practice yoga to keep fit.B. The elderly stop young people practicing Tai Chi.C. They consider Tai Chi is custom-built for old people.D. Yoga was included in the world culture earlier than Tai Chi.10. What is the main purpose of the last paragraph?A. To promote contemporary Chinese civilization.B. To show many efforts made to popularize Tai Chi.C. To stress the importance of Chinese Tai Chi masters.D. To advise people to practise Tai Chi to cure diseases.11.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Tai Chi Steps on the UNESCO's List.B. Tai Chi is Competing against Yoga.C. Tai Chi Has Regained populate Globally.D. Opinions Greatly Differ on Tai Chi and Yoga.DWhen I was young, my mother didn't have the money to send me to school, but she thought it was important for me to keep up with education.So she decided to teach me extra lessons herself.But because she had to go to work, the only time she could do it was at 4:30 inthe morning.We needevery one of you to develop your talents and your skills so that you can help us old folks solve our most difficult problems. If you quit on school—you're not just quitting on yourself, but you're quitting on your country. No one's written your destiny(命运)for you, because you write your own destiny. You make your own future.That's why today I'm calling on each of you to set your own goals for your education and do everything you can to meet them.Your goal can be something as simple as doing all your homework, paying attention in class, or spending some time reading a book.But whatever you decide to do, I want you to commit to it.I want you to really work at it.I know that sometimes you get that sense from TV that you can be rich and successful without any hard work—that your ticket to success is through rapping or basketball or being a reality TV star.No one's born being good at all things. You become good at things through hard work.You're not a good athlete the first time you play a new sport.You don't hit every note the first time you sing a song.You've got to practise.12. What can we learn from the first paragraph?A. The writer's home was very rich.B. The writer's mother was a teacher.C. The writer was born in a poor family.D. The writer didn't like reading books.13. What does the writer want everyone to do by improving their talents and skills?A. To quit on their country to earn more money.B. To help solve the most difficult problems.C. To write their own new destiny by working as a TV star.D. To spend some time writing books about their own life.14. Why does the writer call on everyone to set his/her own goal?A. Because everyone's future is determined by themselves.B. Because eyeryone's future is to do simple work.C. Because everyone should do their homework.D. Because everyone should pay attention in class.15. How can people realise their great dreams?A. By rapping.B. By playing basketball.C. By being a reality star.D. By working hard.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020-2021学年广州市越秀区二中应元学校高三英语月考试卷及答案第一部分阅读(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ADuring ancient times, children didn’t have smartphones, iPad or computers to entertain themselves. Instead, they came up with interesting games to play.★Stone ballsDuring the Qing Dynasty, kicking a stone ball around was a popular sport in the northern part of China, and it was often played in the winter to protect kids from the cold. Stones were carved into small balls and kicked along with feet. In 1999, the sport was included in the 6th National Ethnic Group Traditional Sports Meeting held in Beijing.★Flying kitesKites have quite a long history. The earliest kites were made of wood, instead of paper. Nowadays, the four most famous kites are the Beijing kite, Tianjin kite , Weifang kite and Nantong kite, of which each has distinctive features. The kite which resembles a swallow is a well-known Beijing style.★Hide-and-seekHide-and-seek is a traditional game for children, popular around the nation. There are two ways to play: covering a child’s eyes while other kids run around to tease(戏弄) him or, more commonly, participants hide and one child must try to find them.★Playing diabolosA diabolo is always made of wood or bamboo and has empty space in the center. By juggling(边抛边接) the diabolo on the rope, the high-speed spinning diabolos will make a sound like a whistle. Playing diabolos is an interesting folk game, especially popular in North China. Playing diabolos was also included in the first group of national intangible cultural heritage(非物质文化遗产).1.Why did ancient children often play stone balls in the winter?A.To practice their feet.B.To warm themselves.C.To train their skills.D.To relax themselves.2.Which kites are swallow-shaped?A.Weifang kites.B.Tianjin kites.C.Beijing kites.D.Nantong kites.3.Why does playing diabolos make a sound?A.Because the diabolo’s center is empty.B.Because the high-speed spinning diabolo is light.C.Because the diabolo is equipped with a whistle.D.Because ropes’ surface moves against the diabolo’s.BThe first patient who died on my watch was an older man with a faulty heart. We tried to slow it down with treatment, but it suddenly stopped beating completely. Later, whenever I would have a case like that one, I found myself second-guessing my clinical management. However, it turns out that thinking twice may actually cause more harm than good.In a working paper, Emory University researchers found that when doctors delivering a baby have a bad result, they are more likely to switch to a different delivery method with the next patient, often unnecessarily and sometimes with worse results.Because doctors make so many decisions that have serious consequences, thefalloutfrom second-guessing appears especially large for us. A 2006 study found that if a patient had a bleed after being prescribed (开药) warfarin, the physician was about 20% less likely to prescribe later patients the blood thinner that prevents strokes (中风). However, if a patient was not on warfarin and had a stroke physicians were still no more likely to prescribe warfarin to their other patients.These findings highlight interesting behavioral patterns in doctors. In the blood-thinner study, doctors were more affected by the act of doing harm (prescribing a blood thinner that ended up hurting doctors were more affected by the act of doing harm(prescribing a blood thinner that ended up hurting a patient) and less affected by letting harm happen (not prescribing a blood thinner and the patient having a stroke). Yet a stroke is often more permanent and damaging than a bleed.But this phenomenon is not unique to medicine. ''Overreaction to Fearsome Risks'' holds true for broader society.For instance, sensational headlines about shark attacks on humans in Florida in 2001 caused a panic and led the state to prohibit shark-feeding expeditions. Yet shark attacks had actually fallen that year and, according to the study, such a change was probably unnecessary given the extremely small risk of such an attack happening.Humans are likely to be influenced by emotional and often irrational (不理性的) thinking when processinginformation, bad events and mistakes. As much as we don't want to cause an unfortunate event to happen again, we need to be aware that a worst situation that can be imagined doesn't necessarily mean we did anything wrong. When we overthink, we fail to rely on thinking based on what we know or have experienced. Instead, we may involuntarily overanalyze and come to the wrong conclusion.I have treated dozens of patients who presented with the same illnesses as my first patient, who died more than a year ago. Instead of second-guessing myself, I trusted my clinical instinct (本能) and stayed the course. Every one of those patients survived. You should trust your instinct in your life, too.4. The first two paragraphs suggest that________.A. bad medical outcomes affect doctorsB delivering babies can be difficult workC. some doctors are not very experiencedD. doctors sometimes make silly mistakes5. In the blood-thinner study, doctors________.A. tend to prescribe less effective medicineB. are more concerned about the patients' safetyC. become less confident in writing a prescriptionD. believe a stroke is more treatable than a bleeding6. What does the underlined word ''fallout'' in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. ResultB. BenefitC. DifferenceD. Absence7. The author will probably agree that________.A. we should not doubt our own decisionsB. our experience will pave way for our futureC. humans are emotional and irrational on the wholeD. instincts don't necessarily lead to wrong directionsCIn a world simultaneously on fire and underwater thanks to climate change, scientists have announced some good news: Several important tuna (金枪鱼) species have stepped back from the edge of extinction.The unexpectedly fast recovery speaks to the success of efforts over the past decade to end overfishing. But tuna are not the only species scientists are discussing at the 2021 World Conservation Congress in Marseille, France, which is organized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Researchers caution that manyother marine species remainimperiled. For instance, more than a third of the world's sharks remain threatened with extinction due to overfishing, habitat loss, and climate change.“I think the good news is that sustainable fisheries are possible,” says Beth Polidoro, a marine biologist at Arizona State University. “We can eat fish in a proper way and without driving the population to the point where it is on the road to collapse or extinction."At the same time, she warned that the changes in status should not be an reason to catch as many fish as we want.The IUCN, which ranks the world's most endangered species on its Red List of Threatened Species and is backed by 16,000 experts across the globe, also announced at the meeting that some animals are moving in the other direction, onto the Red List. One notable example is the Komodo dragon, an island-living lizard at particular risk from climate change.For the better part of two decades, Polidoro has been part of a specialist group tasked with assessing the statuses of more than 60 species of tuna and billfishes for the IUCN.Her team announced its first comprehensive findings in 2011, mentioning that a number of commercially fished tuna species were dangerously close to disappearing.According to the new data, the Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus), once listed as endangered, now qualifies for a status of least concern. As does the yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga), which were both considered near-threatened the last time they were assessed.8. What does the underlined word “imperiled” in paragraph 2 mean?A. EndangeredB. ConservedC. ExtinctD. Safe9. What can we infer from Polidoro's words?A. Too many fish are being eaten by human beings.B. Eating fish does not necessarily lead to its extinction.C. Fish species are on the edge of dying out if no action is taken.D. The situation of underwater species are changing for the better.10. Which of following statement is true according to the passage?A. Some Tuna species are wiped out by overfishing.B. Tuna are ranked as the world's most endangered species.C. Climate change poses a threat to most species in water and on land.D. Three tuna species have been saved from extinction according to the data.11. What's the main idea of the passage?A. Some tuna species are reported endangered recently.B. IUCN has helped saved a great many marine species.C. Improvement has been made in saving marine species.D. Great efforts should be made to conserve species underwater.DThe grocerystore might not be your favorite place to visit when you're at home, but is it ever fun when you're in another country? Honestly speaking, they're one of those strange little destinations that I like to sniff out everywhere I go, much as other travelers head toward clothing stores, libraries, coffee shops or galleries.The greatest beauty of the grocery store –– whether it's a supermarket or a tiny shop –– is that it gives you a glimpse into what local people buy to cook their own meals. This offers clues into their lifestyles and preferences, and into the agricultural and cooking practices of the country. I stare at the strange fruits and vegetables, the seafood, the cheese, the spices, the bread, and oh, the chocolate...always the chocolate!Being the environmental nerd(呆子)I am, I like paying attention to packaging, which can reflect people's attitudes towards environmental protection. Italy, for example, has a habit of requiring customers to bag their fruits and vegetables in plastic for weighing, while Sri Lanka leaveseverything loose in bins. In Brazil, everything is prepackaged in a layer of plastic.People in grocery stores tend to be friendlier. They smile, say hello, and sometimes ask questions, which can lead to great conversations. I had a further discussion with a teenaged cashier in Sri Lanka, over which bag of crunchy(松脆的)mix to buy. He insisted that the one labeled “spicy” would be too hot for me, but I told him I was willing to risk it. He laughed and we ended up talking about my favorite Sri Lankan foods for ten minutes.It's interesting then to come home and look at one's own local grocery store through new eyes. What would a visitor think? What stands out, and what do the food displays say about us as a culture? You might be surprised by what you realize.12. According to the author, what is the key benefit of visiting foreign grocery stores?A. Learning to cook foreign dishes.B. Making friends with local people.C. Buying cheaper food and souvenirs.D. Knowing local people and the country.13. What does the author show by mentioning some countries in paragraph 3?A. People's special lifestyles.B. People's shopping habits.C. People's environmental awareness.D. People's packaging methods.14. What can we infer from paragraph 4?A. Sri Lankans know a lot about food.B. Grocery stores are good social places.C. Grocery stores vary in different countries.D. Sri Lankans like to give strangers suggestions.15. Which of the following shows the structure of text? (P: paragraph)A. B.C. D.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
广东省广州市新市中学2020-2021学年高三数学理上学期期末试卷含解析一、选择题:本大题共10小题,每小题5分,共50分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有是一个符合题目要求的1. 若向量=(3,4),且存在实数x,y,使得=x,则可以是()A. =(0,0),=(﹣1,2)B. =(﹣1,3),=(2,﹣6)C. =(﹣1,2),=(3,﹣1)D. =(﹣,1),=(1,﹣2)参考答案:C【考点】平面向量的基本定理及其意义.【专题】平面向量及应用.【分析】由平面向量基本定理便知,与不共线,这样根据共面向量基本定理容易判断A,B,D 中的向量与共线,而根据共线向量的坐标关系可判断C中的不共线,从而便得出正确选项为C.【解答】解:根据平面向量基本定理知:不共线;A.,共线;B.,共线;C.,∴﹣1×(﹣1)﹣2×3=﹣5≠0,∴与不共线,即该选项正确;D.,∴共线.故选:C.【点评】考查共面向量基本定理,平面向量基本定理:,其中要求不共线,以及共线向量的坐标关系.2. 已知某程序框图如图所示,则执行该程序后输出的a的值是A.-1 B.C. 1D.参考答案:A【分析】由已知中的程序框图可知,该程序的功能是利用循环结构计算并输出变量的值,模拟程序的运行过程,即可得到答案【详解】代入,,则,;再次代入得,;继续代入得,;不难发现出现了循环,周期为3则当时,,,跳出循环得到故选A【点睛】本题主要考查的是程序框图,在循环结构中找出其循环规律,即可得出结果,较为基础3. 已知向量满足,若向量共线,则的最小值为()A、1B、C、D、2参考答案:B4. 在等差数列中,有,则此数列的前13项之和为()A. 24 B. 39 C. 52 D. 104-参考答案:C5. 已知均为单位向量,其夹角为,则“”是“”的()A. 必要不充分条件B. 充分不必要条件C. 充分必要条件D. 既不充分也不必要条件参考答案:B【分析】通过可以求出夹角的取值范围,然后判断充分性、必要性.【详解】因为,所以“”是“”的充分不必要条件,故本题选B.【点睛】本题考查了充分性、必要性的判断,关键在正确求出夹角的取值范围.6. 设椭圆的左、右焦点分别为,是上的点,,,则的离心率为()(A)(B)(C)(D)参考答案:D因为,所以。
2020-2021学年广州市越秀区二中应元学校高三英语上学期期末考试试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AStaying-at-home proves to be effective in slowing the spread of the virus, but loneliness can be tough for many. Luckily, in the age of social media, we are never truly alone. And with the extra time spent indoors, artists are stepping up to help us all with the following clubs.Drawing from Distance by Sarah Beth MorganLet’s shine some light during this trying time and encourage social distancing! I’m starting this tomorrow myself — but from what I offer, take whatever you please. No rules! Just have fun!Stayathome Art Club byCarsonEllisHello! I’ll be posting art homework here every weekday morning when I can. They’ll be designed for kids and grownups alike. Here is your first homework: Draw a picture of yourself from the shoulders up. You can follow some useful examples. If you want to share or see other people’s self-picture, use these hashtags: #Stayathomeartclub# QACselfportrait30-Day indoor Art by Danielle KrysaOne month of avoiding crowds? I’m in! I challenge you to use this time inside to make one piece every day from now until mid April. Please join me in playing around with some painting ideas that have been rolling around in my head but haven’t found their way onto paper yet. Stay at home, make art, save someone’s life.DIY from Illustoria MagazineWe have been so inspired to see our community come together to provide easy art projects for families during this stay-at-home-time! DIY is actually a fantastic way tosparkyour imagination without breaking a sweat. A video every day will teach you how to DIY something.1. What do we know about Sarah Beth Morgan?A. She is a strict artist.B. She aims at training more artists.C. She prefers to work at home office.D. She will provide a wide range of choices.2. What are you expected to do if you join Stayathome Art Club?A. Hand in homework every day.B. Share other people’s pictures.C. Draw a picture of yourself.D. Show up in person occasionally.3. What does “spark”in the last paragraph probably mean?A. Set off.B. Set down.C. Set aside.D. Set about.BClara Daly was seated on an Alaska Airlines flight from Boston to Los Angeles when a flight attendant asked an urgent(紧急的) question over the loudspeaker: “Does anyone on board know American Body Language?” She knew she needed to help.Clara, 15 at the time, pressed the call button. The flight attendant came by and explained the situation. “We have a passenger on the plane who’s blind and deaf,” she said. The passenger seemed to want something, but he was traveling alone and the flight attendants couldn’t understand what he needed, according to PEOPLE magazine.Clara had been studying ASL for the past year to help with her dyslexia (阅读障碍) and knew she’d be able to spell on the man’s palm(手掌) by finger. So she unbuckled her seat belt, walked toward the front of the plane, and knelt by the aisle seat of Tim Cook, then 64. Gently taking his hand, she wrote, “How are you? Are you OK?” Cook asked for some water. When it arrived, Clara returned to her seat. She came by again a bit later because he wanted to know the time. On her third visit, she stopped and stayed for a while.“He didn’t need anything. He was lonely and wanted to talk,” Clara said. So for the next hour, that was what they did. She talked about her family and her plans for the future (she wants to be a politician). Cook told Clara how he had gradually become blind over time and shared stories of his days as a traveling salesman. Even though he couldn’t see her, she “looked attentively at his face with such kindness”, a passenger reported.“Clara was amazing,” a flight attendant told Alaska Airlines in a blog interview. “You could tell Cook was very excited to have someone he could speak to, and she was such a warm-hearted girl.” Cook’s reaction: “Best trip I’ve ever had.”Looking for ways to offer help? Start with this random(随时的) act of kindness that can change someone’s life right now.4. The flight attendant asked an urgent question because ________.A. the passenger was traveling aloneB. the plane was in a dangerous situationC. the passenger asked for something suddenlyD. none of the flight attendants could communicate with the passenger5. Why did Clara talk about her plans for the future?A. Because the flight attendant asked her to do so.B. Because she needed topics to go on talking with Cook.C. Because Cook hoped to understand teenagers better.D. Because she wanted to show her dream for the future.6. Which of the following words can best describe Clara?A. Kind and caring.B. Warm-hearted and brave.C. careful and calm.D. opened-minded and confident.7. The passage is mainly written to ________.A. tell a touching story of an amazing girlB. show the great importance of American Body LanguageC. encourage readers to give a hand kindly and randomlyD. show how kind the flight attendant was to help CookCThe Rise of Voice TechnologyVoice technology has come a long way. Just a few years ago, it would have been unusable. But now, those who follow the technology know that it has got considerably better.Writing with your voice raises several interesting questions. How difficult is it actually? Human speech involves a lot more starting and stopping with errors and the need for repairing broken sentences than you may think. Even gifted speakers make mistakes. To turn the spoken word into reasonable writing requires lots of planning. You’ll need some kinds of notes or other organisers to make it work.Another question turning speech into writing raises is the style. How would writing make the change that people speak their writing rather than type? Chances are that it would come up with many more short sentences and more concrete language, which is good. It would probably also rely on prepared phrases a lot more often, which is not available when you are speaking quickly.To confirm this, a column was not written, but dictated (听写). It was composed from brief notes writtendown for structure only, and it was edited for length, with all of the original errors kept in. Here were the results. The first was that the literal accuracy was extremely high. There weren’t many cases wherethe software had heard one word incorrectly and written down another. But the other result was that the readability of this column was rather bad. Obviously, the blame is not with the technology at all, which turns out to be rather good. Speaking into writing relies on a better human brain than the one we currently possess. Writing is hard. There’s a reason it can’t be done at the speed of speech, in real time.To clarify the matter, this time paragraph breaks were added after the whole writing. Punctuations (标点) had to be spoken aloud, and after a full stop, the first word in the new sentence was capitalized automatically. Some minor punctuation marks were added to make it clearer. To improve accuracy, people “trained” the software beforehand, reading a prewritten passage aloud. Actually it turns out to be more effective. All of these ensure the satisfactory completion of turning speech into writing.Language is the most important tool for human interaction, and voice is one beautiful part of language. With the maturity of modern technology, it has given birth to a great change in the human-computer voice interaction.8. According to the passage, which helps to turn speech into writing in terms of style?A. There is careful planning in advance.B. Errors and broken sentences are avoided.C. People type words as fast as they say them.D. The writing contains more prepared phrases.9. To achieve better results, the author mentions some changes for ______.A. processing errors in a column.B. adding minor punctuation marks.C. increasing the number of brief notes.D. integrating short paragraphs in writing.10. The author suggests that ______.A. human brains are responsible for poor dictated writing.B. writing with voice promises to improve the quality of writing.C. writing is an unnatural act that can hardly be learned and improved.D. technology has a long way to go in the human-computer voice interaction.11. What is the passage mainly about?A. Why people fully intend to turn speech into writing.B. What role voice technology plays in improving readability.C. Where the human-computer voice interaction is at an advantage.D. How voice technology enables the change from speech into writing.DTo hear people talk about Internet friendships, you would think it was one giant web of cat-fishing and e-crime. While we all undoubtedly have to take measures to remain safe online, assuming every friendship or connection made on Instagram, Twitter or Facebook is cheating or insincere would be a mistake.As a woman who works in the creative industry, I have found real joy in seeking out a community I couldn’t find elsewhere, and making some great friends along the way. My first online friendship was on Twitter with my(now) best friend, during the university exam period. We exchanged study notes in dozens of direct messages, set a study date, and haven’t looked back since.Drawn to each other by similar circumstances, friendships online are similar to offline in that they tend to begin because of shared interest or common ground-maybe they’ve read the post on Instagram. Maybe they have the same taste in food or politics. Or maybe they just love memes too. If online friendships start similar to friendships offline, they grow in the same way, too. Often through mutual support: apart from calling a friend to congratulate him on that new job, you also re-tweet his jokes and praise his Instagram story.Despite my positive experiences when I tell people, most are still suspicious. Eyebrows are raised higher when I explain not only have I found a community online but have made friendships with people I meet face-to-face too. Actually, these are just as valid as other friendships, according to behavioural psychologist Jo Hemmings, who says online friendships can be real.So how do you know if people are there for the real you or just because you’re popular on Instagram? Hemmings has simple rules. She tells me “You have to equally feel comfortable that you’re getting something of each other instead of being used to enable something that isn’t friendship.”Therefore, if all a “friend” online is asking you to do is to promote their work or personal brand and rarely takes an interest in you, then there may be room to question the basis of the friendship. On that note it is worth remembering that just because someone has a lot of followers, it doesn’t necessarily mean they have lots of friends.12. What is most people’s attitude towards online friendship?A. Negative.B. Positive.C. Objective.D. Neutral.13. Why does the writer share her own experience in paragraph 2?A. To introduce the background information of the text.B. To convey the writer’s attitude and give the related example.C. To prove the likely risk for people to develop friendship online.D. To remind people of the various benefits of making friends online.14. How can online and offline friendships be deepened?A. They should be based on shared interest.B. They need to have common ground.C. They require support from each other.D. They can’t live without social media.15. According to the author, what’s the golden rule to make friends online?A. A friend to all is a friend to none.B. Without confidence there is no friendship.C. A friend without faults will never be found.D. Friendship cannot stand always on one side.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020-2021学年广州市越秀区二中应元学校高三英语上学期期末考试试题及参考答案第一部分阅读(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThank you. It’s my great honor to be given this award.You cannot imagine that I have always been a late starter. Years ago, when I was 16, I took an important exam — GCE(General Certificate of Education), which turned out to be a failure. My dad was reading my report card and saw that my position in class was 29th, but the number in class was 29. It meant that I had achieved the distinction of being bottom of my class.I wasn’t lazy, and I was really trying. You can picture how I felt. Dad put his hand on my shoulder and said, “You can only do the best you can, but whatever you decide to do, make sure you love it.” He was a really sweet guy and a great man. I knew his attempt to hide his disappointment with some of his encouraging words. I was depressed for a week, but his advice was a wake-up call.Fortunately I love working with my hands, and I was good at two things: woodwork and art, and I really loved to draw and paint. I was quite talented. Dad strongly encouraged me to go to art school, which in those days wasn’t the obvious place that a father would suggest.So I got into Hartlepool College of Art. The college was a revelation (出乎意料), the passionate teachers there, who were extremely interested in the students, not just tolerating them but actually engaging with them. It was a world apart from my schooling until then. It’s extraordinary what an enthusiastic teacher can do, drawing the student out, lighting independence, and encouraging a design of your own future, rather than waiting for something to happen. I’m honored to have become one of these passionate teachers years later.My teachers inspired me, and thanks to my dad, here I am tonight. I think I should mention all the talents I have worked with over time, and to my kids and my wife Giannina, thank you.Thank you for this great award. I shall find a very special place for it.1. How did the author feel after taking GCE?A. Happy.B. Upset.C. Tired.D. Relieved.2. What didHartlepoolCollege of Art impress the author most?A. The teachers were strict with students.B. The students set good examples for each other.C. The teachers inspired students’ passion for learning.D. The students got prepared for their lessons independently.3. The author gave this speech to ________.A. share his career choiceB. explain his teaching methodsC. describe his life experienceD. show his appreciationBIf you easily make mistakes when in a hurry, a new study from Michigan State University—the largest of its kind to date-found that meditation (冥想) could help you improve the situation.The research tested how open monitoring meditation (OMM)—or, meditationthat focuses awareness on feelings or thoughts as they unfold in one’s mind and body—alteredbrain activity in a way that suggested increased error recognition.“People’s interest in meditation is outpacing what science can prove in terms of effects and benefits.” said Jeff Lin, MSU psychology doctoral candidate and study co-author. “But it’s amazing to me that we were able to see how one session of a guided meditation could produce changes to brain activity in non-meditators.”“Some forms of meditation have you focus on a single object, commonly your breath, but open monitoring meditation is a bit different,” Lin said, “It has you tune inward and pay attention to everything going on in your mind and body. The goal is to sit quietly and pay close attention to where the mind travels without getting too caught up in the scenery.”Lin and his MSU co-authors—William Eckerle, Ling Peng and Jason Moser—hired more than 200 participants to test how open monitoring meditation affected how people detect and respond toerrors.The participants, who had never meditated before, were taken through a 20-minute open monitoring meditation exercise while the researchers measured brain activity through electroencephalography (脑电图), or EEG. Then, they completed a computerized distraction (分心) test.“The EEG can measure brain activity at the millisecond level, so we got precise measures of brain activity right after mistakes compared to correct responses,” Lin said. “A certain neural signal occurs about half a second after an error called the error positivity, which is linked to conscious error recognition. We found that the strength of this signal is increased in the meditators to controls.”“These findings show what just 20 minutes of open monitoring meditation can do to improve the brain’s ability to detect and pay attention to mistakes,” Moser said.4. What does the underlined word “altered” in paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Changed.B. Prevented.C. Started.D. Recorded.5. Why is open monitoring meditation different?A. It is just aimed at a single object.B. It clears your mind of everything.C. It gets too caught up in the scenery.D. It focuses on where the mind travels.6. What did the researchers do for the studyA. They hired people who had meditated before.B. They measured the participants’ brain activity.C. They reminded the participants to avoid errors.D. They had non-meditators design a distraction test.7. What is the best title for the text?A. Turn to OMM to Avoid Acting in a HurryB. You’re Able to Recognize Errors ConsciouslyC. Meditators’ Brain Proves Much More ActiveD. OMM Can Help You Make Fewer MistakesCI dropped out of college after my first year. Three years later, I returned to college after having been stuck in a dead-end job, working at a department store. I saw school as my way out. But I quickly found myself up against the same problems that had caused me to give up before. I was in over my head with college-level algebra (代数) and a heavy workload of reading and writing homework. In addition, I was still unsure of my career (职业) direction。
2020-2021学年广州市越秀区二中应元学校高三英语期末考试试卷及答案第一部分阅读(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AI once taught in a small private school. Each morning at nine o’clock all the students, ranging in age from three to seven years old, gathered in the Great Room for a warm-up in preparation for the day.One morning the headmistress made an announcement to all the children gathered,“Today we begin a great experiment of the mind.” She held up two ivy(常春藤) plants, each potted in an identical container. She continued, “Do they look the same?”All the children nodded. So did I, for, in this way, I was alsoa child.“We will give the plants the same amount of light, the same amount of water, but not the same amount of attention,” She said. “Together we are going to see what will happen when we put one plant in the kitchen away from our attention and the other plant right here in this room. Each day for the next month, we shall sing to our plant in the Great Room and tell it how much we love it, and how beautiful it is. We will use our good minds to think good thoughts about it.”Four weeks later my eyes were as wide and disbelieving as the children’s. The kitchen plant was leggy and sick-looking, and it hadn’t grown at all. But the Great Room plant, which had been sung to and surrounded by positive thoughts and words, had increased threefold in size with dark leaves that were filled with energy.In order to prove the experiment, the kitchen ivy was brought to the Great Room to join the other ivy. Within three weeks, the second plant had caught up with the first ivy. Within four weeks, they could not be distinguished, one from the other.I took this lesson to heart and made it my own.1. Why did the headmistress do the experiment?A. She wanted to teach me a lesson.B. She expected the students to learn to grow plants.C. She meant to prove the impact of good minds on growth.D. She intended to show students how to save a sick-looking plant.2. What happened to the ivy in the kitchen at last?A. It stopped growing and died.B. It was leggy and sick with dark leaves.C. It looked almost the same as the other one.D. It grew better than the one in the Great Room.3. What can be a suitable title for the passage?A. Life Means GrowthB. Things Grow with LoveC. Equality Makes a DifferenceD. Positive Thoughts Really CountBMy entire life has been influenced by the fact that I stand way above the average height for both men and women. I was born two weeks late. When I finally entered the world I weighed 11 pounds 10 ounces and was 24 inches long. When my mom told my grandmother my measurements, she asked in amazement, "Are you okay?!"I was healthy, but very shy as a child and into my teens. I'm from a small town, and I grew up and graduated with the same 50 people. I started playing basketball in third grade every Saturday, but I didn't have any control over my awkward body. (I didn't even score a point in a game until many years later.) I was 5-foot-10 in fourth grade. I had a small group of friends in elementary school, but sometimes the boys picked on me, calling me a bean pole or the Jolly Green Giant. I still remember my embarrassment when they laughed at me, and how badly I wanted to be invisible.In high school I got more involved in sports, but I spent most days in the art room. By this time everyone at my school was used to my height (by ninth grade I was 6-foot-3), but if I went out of town people would stare at me and comment about my appearance.I was forced into the spotlight wherever I went.With high school came more confidence. I had success in school, the arts and sports. I played basketball, but my true passion was track and field. During my senior year I was the conference champion in high jump and the 400-meter run. The friendships I gained through my involvement in high school boosted my confidence and helped me develop a sense of humor. Now when a stranger told me I was tall I would smile and nod or, if I was feeling determined, I would pretend to feel shocked and thank them for telling me. I had no idea!Still, society keeps me aware of my status as something rare. And even though people tell me I'm beautiful and I should be a model, there are times when I would trade in my long legs for a small frame and tiny feet. I often wish people weren't so rude. I'm a minority only in the sense of height. I like to think that those who have insultedme didn't intend to. I do believe that most people are basically good, but they can be insensitive.4. What can be inferred from Para.1?A. The writer's height has something to do with her late birth.B. Grandmother was unwilling to have the writer as her grandchild.C. The writer failed to have a successful life because of her unusual height.D. The writer was heavier and bigger compared with other babies when she was born.5. By saying 'I was forced into the spotlight', the author probably means that she ________.A.was criticized by othersB. caught public attentionC. was threatenedD. felt inferior6. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned as the writer's experiences in high school?A. She quit playing basketball and joined the track and field team.B. She no longer felt upset when facing her height problem.C. She had a passion for some sports events.D. She built up more confidence.7. What does the last sentence imply?A. People enjoy making fun of others.B. People are bad andcannot be trusted.C. People tend to bully those who are weaker.D. People sometimes care little about how others feel.CWhere doyou usually put your toothbrush?Do you keep it in the bathroom? How’s your toothbrush looking these days? Even if you can’t see it with a naked eye, experts say it may be saturated(使饱和)with millions of toilet germs!Dr. Charles Oerba, a germ expert, is amicrobiology professor at the University of Arizona. He says there are approximately 3 million bacteria per square inch in most toilet bowls, and every time you flush it without closing the lid, those millions of bacteria droplets spray into the air as far as twenty feet away and dirty everything in their path. And a common victim is your poor toothbrush, usually, left out on the bathroom sink, right?So, what do we do? Dr. Gerba says it’s easy. Close the toilet lid before you flush—that’ll greatly cut downthe germs, which will otherwise float in the air. And wash your toothbrush every few days in mouthwash or peroxide to get rid of any germs hiding in it. You can even put it through the dishwasher to sanitize(消毒)it. And alwaysstore your toothbrush in a closed cabinet.Here’s one more tip from Dr. Gerba, who says our kitchen sink is probably dirtier than our toilet. “If an alien came from space and studied the bacterial counts, he probably would conclude he should wash his hands in your toilet and go to the bathroom in your sink.” He says that’s because the kitchen sink is a great place where E. coli(大肠杆菌)to live and grow since it’s wet and damp. Bacteria feed on the food that people put down the drain or—that’s left on dishes in the sink. To reset your sink’s bacteria count back to zero, you’d better regularly wash it with hot water and sanitize yoursink with special chemicals. In fact, you may want to do it every day or before preparing dinner.8. What is the purpose of the text?A. To show how to brush your teeth.B. To tell people the importance of health.C. To warn people of the invisible germs.D. To introduce a microbiology professor.9. What can we learn from Paragraph 2?A. Bathroom sinks are the dirtiest places.B. Bacteria are bad for people’s health.C. Why bacteria spread through the air.D. How bacteria spread in the bathroom.10. What does the underlined word“that”in Paragraph 4 refer to?A. The food.B. The toothbrush.C. The sink.D. The chemical.11. Why does Dr. Gerba mention the example of an alien?A. To tell us a fiction story of an alien studying bacteria.B. To show our kitchen sink may be dirtier than our toilet.C. To teach us how to reset sink’s bacteria count back to zero.D. To prove coli prefers to live in the kitchen and the drain.DScientists have long sought to prevent sharp memories from dulling with age, but the problem remains unsettled. Now research published in Scientific Reports suggests virtual reality might help older people recall facts and events based on specific details.The study involved 42 healthy older adults from the San Francisco Bay Area. Half spent a dozen hours over four weeks playing a virtual-reality game called Labyrinth; they wore headsets and walked in place, walking virtual neighborhoods while completing small tasks. The other half, in the control group, used electronic tablets to play games that did not require recalling details. After 15 sessions (期), the latter performed roughly the same as before on a long-term memory test. But the Labyrinth players gain an improvement in memory through the VR game. A scientist Peter Wais of the University of California said the improvements brought them up to the level of another group of younger adults taking the same memory tests.Meredith Thompson, an education researcher, studies learning through VR games but was not involved in the new study. It would be great to actually follow people over time and see what this type of game does for long-term memory. She says, adding VR can provide greater involvement than other games. Wais's team is now investigating how long the observed effects last and which elements of the training have the most impact.A cognitive (认知)psychologist, Daniel Simons, who was also not involved in the study, notes experiments with other games that claim to train the brain have often failed to evaluate this. And it remains unclear how test performance in a laboratorysetting might translate to real-world situations. The outcome, Simons notes, “needs to be repeated, ideally with a much larger group, before it’s treated as a strong finding.”For now, Wais says, the team hopes its studies with similar-sized groups will help draw funding to test the game in a larger pool of participants.12. What is the passage mainly about?A. People's memory gradually fails as they age.B. People of different ages should play VR games.C. Virtual reality changes people's memory.D. Virtual reality improves older adults' memory.13. What is Meredith Thompson's attitude toward the research?A. satisfied.B. enthusiastic.C. cautious.D. concerned.14. According to the scientists, the research needs to be improved due to ________.A. the lack of financial support.B. the limited pool of participants.C. the unsatisfying test performance.D. the impractical application in real world.15. Where may the passage come from?A. A novel.B. A review.C. A magazine.D. A guidebook.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020-2021广州市高中必修五数学上期末试题含答案一、选择题1.记n S 为等比数列{}n a 的前n 项和.若2342S S S =+,12a =,则2a =( )A .2B .-4C .2或-4D .42.已知正数x 、y 满足1x y +=,且2211x y m y x +≥++,则m 的最大值为( ) A .163B .13C .2D .43.设x y ,满足约束条件10102x y x y y -+≤⎧⎪+-⎨⎪≤⎩>,则yx 的取值范围是( )A .()[),22,-∞-+∞UB .(]2,2-C .(][),22,-∞-+∞UD .[]22-,4.已知函数223log ,0(){1,0x x f x x x x +>=--≤,则不等式()5f x ≤的解集为 ( )A .[]1,1-B .[]2,4-C .(](),20,4-∞-⋃D .(][],20,4-∞-⋃ 5.数列{}{},n n a b 为等差数列,前n 项和分别为,n n S T ,若3n 22n n S T n +=,则77a b =( ) A .4126B .2314C .117 D .1166.设变量,x y 、满足约束条件236y x x y y x ≤⎧⎪+≥⎨⎪≥-⎩,则目标函数2z x y =+的最大值为( )A .2B .3C .4D .97.在ABC ∆中,内角,,A B C 所对的边分别为,,a b c ,且()cos 4cos a B c b A =-,则cos2A =( ) A .78B .18C .78-D .18-8.已知等差数列{}n a ,前n 项和为n S ,5628a a +=,则10S =( )A .140B .280C .168D .569.设数列{}n a 是等差数列,且26a =-,86a =,n S 是数列{}n a 的前n 项和,则( ). A .45S S <B .45S S =C .65S S <D .65S S =10.“0x >”是“12x x+≥”的 A .充分不必要条件 B .必要不充分条件 C .充要条件D .既不充分也不必要条件11.一个递增的等差数列{}n a ,前三项的和12312a a a ++=,且234,,1a a a +成等比数列,则数列{}n a 的公差为 ( ) A .2±B .3C .2D .112.在等差数列 {}n a 中, n S 表示 {}n a 的前 n 项和,若 363a a += ,则 8S 的值为( )A .3B .8C .12D .24二、填空题13.已知lg lg 2x y +=,则11x y+的最小值是______.14.关于x 的不等式a 34≤x 2﹣3x +4≤b 的解集为[a ,b ],则b -a =________. 15.已知x y ,满足20030x y y x y -≥⎧⎪≥⎨⎪+-≤⎩,,,,则222x y y ++的取值范围是__________.16.数列{}n a 满足14a =,12nn n a a +=+,*n N ∈,则数列{}n a 的通项公式n a =______.17.若为等比数列的前n 项的和,,则=___________18.(广东深圳市2017届高三第二次(4月)调研考试数学理试题)我国南宋时期著名的数学家秦九韶在其著作《数书九章》中独立提出了一种求三角形面积的方法---“三斜求积术”,即ABC △的面积222222142a c b S a c ⎡⎤⎛⎫+-=-⎢⎥ ⎪⎢⎥⎝⎭⎣⎦,其中a b c 、、分别为ABC △内角、、A B C 的对边.若2b =,且3sin tan 13cos BC B=-,则ABC △的面积S 的最大值为__________.19.已知数列{}n a 满足51()1,62,6n n a n n a a n -⎧-+<⎪=⎨⎪≥⎩,若对任意*n N ∈都有1n n a a +>,则实数a 的取值范围是_________.20.已知0a >,0b >,且31a b +=,则43a b+的最小值是_______. 三、解答题21.等差数列{}n a 中,71994,2a a a ==. (1)求{}n a 的通项公式; (2)设1n nb na =,求数列{}n b 的前n 项和n S . 22.已知在ABC ∆中,角A ,B ,C 的对边分别是a ,b ,c 且2cos 2a C c b +=. (1)求角A 的大小;(2)若1a =,求ABC ∆面积的最大值。
2020-2021广州二中应元学校高三数学上期末试卷附答案一、选择题1.下列结论正确的是( ) A .若a b >,则22ac bc > B .若22a b >,则a b > C .若,0a b c ><,则a c b c +<+ D .若a b <,则a b <2.若正实数x ,y 满足141x y +=,且234yx a a +>-恒成立,则实数a 的取值范围为( ) A .[]1,4- B .()1,4-C .[]4,1-D .()4,1-3.已知在中,,,分别为角,,的对边,为最小角,且,,,则的面积等于( ) A .B .C .D .4.ABC ∆的内角A ,B ,C 的对边分别为a ,b ,c ,已知2b =,6B π=,4C π=,则ABC ∆的面积为( ) A .223+B 31C .232D 315.若正项递增等比数列{}n a 满足()()()243510a a a a R λλ+-+-=∈,则89a a λ+的最小值为( ) A .94-B .94C .274D .274-6.设等比数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,若633S S =, 则96S S =( ) A .2B .73C .83D .37.在ABC V 中,A ,B ,C 的对边分别为a ,b ,c ,2cos 22C a b a+=,则ABC V 的形状一定是( ) A .直角三角形B .等边三角形C .等腰三角形D .等腰直角三角形8.已知等比数列{}n a 的各项均为正数,前n 项和为n S ,若26442,S 6a S a =-=,则5a = A .4B .10C .16D .329.等差数列{}n a 中,34512a a a ++=,那么{}n a 的前7项和7S =( ) A .22B .24C .26D .2810.已知x ,y 均为正实数,且111226x y +=++,则x y +的最小值为( )A .20B .24C .28D .3211.如图,为了测量山坡上灯塔CD 的高度,某人从高为=40h 的楼AB 的底部A 处和楼顶B 处分别测得仰角为=60βo,=30αo ,若山坡高为=35a ,则灯塔高度是( )A .15B .25C .40D .6012.在直角梯形ABCD 中,//AB CD ,90ABC ∠=o ,22AB BC CD ==,则cos DAC ∠=( )A .25B.5 C .310D .10 二、填空题13.若首项为1a ,公比为q (1q ≠)的等比数列{}n a 满足21123lim()2n n a q a a →∞-=+,则1a 的取值范围是________.14.《九章算术》“竹九节”问题:现有一根9节的竹子,自上而下各节的容积成等差数列,上面4节的容积共3升,下面3节的容积共4升,则第5节的容积为 升; 15.如图,在ABC V 中,,43C BC π==时,点D 在边AC 上, AD DB =,DE AB ⊥,E 为垂足若22DE =,则cos A =__________16.已知数列{}n a 的前n 项和为2*()2n S n n n N =+∈,则数列{}n a 的通项公式n a =______.17.已知数列{}{}n n a b 、满足ln n n b a =,*n ∈N ,其中{}n b 是等差数列,且431007e a a ⋅=,则121009b b b +++=L ________.18.已知数列{}n a 为正项的递增等比数列,1582a a +=,2481a a =g ,记数列2n a ⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭的前n 项和为n T ,则使不等式112020|1|13n nT a -->成立的最大正整数n 的值是__________.19.等差数列{}n a 前9项的和等于前4项的和.若141,0k a a a =+=,则k = . 20.若log 41,a b =-则+a b 的最小值为_________.三、解答题21.如图,在四边形ABCD 中,7,2,AC CD AD ==2.3ADC π∠=(1)求CAD ∠的正弦值;(2)若2BAC CAD ∠=∠,且△ABC 的面积是△ACD 面积的4倍,求AB 的长. 22.已知等比数列{a n }的前n 项和为S n ,a 114=,公比q >0,S 1+a 1,S 3+a 3,S 2+a 2成等差数列.(1)求{a n }; (2)设b n ()()22212n n n n c n b b log a +==+,,求数列{c n }的前n 项和T n .23.已知锐角ABC ∆的内角A ,B ,C 的对边分别为a ,b ,c ,且满足22sin 1cos A C B =-.(1)若2a =,22c =b ; (2)若14sin 4B =,3a =b . 24.已知函数()11f x x x =-++. (1)解不等式()2f x ≤;(2)设函数()f x 的最小值为m ,若a ,b 均为正数,且14m a b+=,求+a b 的最小值.25.设递增等比数列{a n }的前n 项和为S n ,且a 2=3,S 3=13,数列{b n }满足b 1=a 1,点P (b n ,b n +1)在直线x ﹣y +2=0上,n ∈N *. (1)求数列{a n },{b n }的通项公式; (2)设c n nnb a =,求数列{c n }的前n 项和T n . 26.已知等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,且24220a a -=,3128S a -=.(1)求数列{}n a 的通项公式;(2)当n 为何值时,数列{}n a 的前n 项和最大?【参考答案】***试卷处理标记,请不要删除一、选择题 1.D 解析:D 【解析】选项A 中,当c=0时不符,所以A 错.选项B 中,当2,1a b =-=-时,符合22a b >,不满足a b >,B 错.选项C 中, a c b c +>+,所以C 错.选项D 中,因为0≤<,由不等式的平方法则,22<,即a b <.选D.2.B解析:B 【解析】 【分析】 根据1444y y x x x y ⎛⎫⎛⎫+=++ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,结合基本不等式可求得44yx +≥,从而得到关于a 的不等式,解不等式求得结果. 【详解】 由题意知:1442444y y x yx x x y y x⎛⎫⎛⎫+=++=++ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭ 0x Q >,0y > 40x y ∴>,04yx>424x y y x ∴+≥=(当且仅当44x y y x =,即4x y =时取等号) 44yx ∴+≥ 234a a ∴-<,解得:()1,4a ∈- 本题正确选项:B 【点睛】本题考查利用基本不等式求解和的最小值问题,关键是配凑出符合基本不等式的形式,从而求得最值.3.C解析:C【解析】 【分析】根据同角三角函数求出;利用余弦定理构造关于的方程解出,再根据三角形面积公式求得结果. 【详解】由余弦定理得:,即解得:或为最小角本题正确选项: 【点睛】本题考查余弦定理解三角形、三角形面积公式的应用、同角三角函数关系,关键是能够利用余弦定理构造关于边角关系的方程,从而求得边长.4.B解析:B 【解析】试题分析:根据正弦定理,,解得,,并且,所以考点:1.正弦定理;2.面积公式.5.C解析:C 【解析】设等比数列的公比为q (q >1),1+(a 2-a 4)+λ(a 3-a 5)=0,可得λ=24531a a a a +--则a 8+λa 9=a 8+666929498385888222535353111a a a a a a a a a q q q a a a a a a a q a a q q --+=++=+-=------令21t q =-,(t >0),q 2=t+1,则设f (t )=()()()()()()3232622213112111t t t t t t q f t q t t t ++-+-+=='=∴-当t >12时,f (t )递增;当0<t <12时,f (t )递减. 可得t=12处,此时f (t )取得最小值,且为274,则a 8+λa 9的最小值为274; 故选C.6.B解析:B 【解析】 【分析】首先由等比数列前n 项和公式列方程,并解得3q ,然后再次利用等比数列前n 项和公式,则求得答案. 【详解】设公比为q ,则616363313(1)1113(1)11a q S q q q a q S qq---===+=---, ∴32q =,∴93962611271123S q S q --===--. 故选:B . 【点睛】本题考查等比数列前n 项和公式,考查函数与方程思想、转化与化归思想,考查逻辑推理能力、运算求解能力,求解时也可以利用连续等长片断的和序列仍然成等比数列,进行求解.7.A解析:A 【解析】 【分析】利用平方化倍角公式和边化角公式化简2cos22C a b a+=得到sin cos sin A C B =,结合三角形内角和定理化简得到cos sin 0A C =,即可确定ABC V 的形状. 【详解】22cos 2a baC +=Q 1cos sin sin 22sin C A BA ++\=化简得sin cos sin A C B = ()B A C p =-+Qsin cos sin()A C A C \=+即cos sin 0A C =sin 0C ≠Qcos 0A ∴=即0A = 90ABC ∴V 是直角三角形 故选A 【点睛】本题考查了平方化倍角公式和正弦定理的边化角公式,在化简2cos22C a b a+=时,将边化为角,使边角混杂变统一,还有三角形内角和定理的运用,这一点往往容易忽略.8.C解析:C 【解析】由64S S -=6546a a a +=得,()22460,60q q a q q +-=+-=,解得2q =,从而3522=28=16a a =⋅⨯,故选C.9.D解析:D 【解析】试题分析:由等差数列的性质34544123124a a a a a ++=⇒=⇒=,则考点:等差数列的性质10.A解析:A 【解析】分析:由已知条件构造基本不等式模型()()224x y x y +=+++-即可得出. 详解:,x y Q 均为正实数,且111226x y +=++,则116122x y ⎛⎫+= ⎪++⎝⎭(2)(2)4x y x y ∴+=+++-116()[(2)(2)]422x y x y =++++-++ 22226(2)46(22)4202222y x y x x y x y ++++=++-≥+⋅-=++++ 当且仅当10x y ==时取等号.x y ∴+的最小值为20. 故选A.点睛:本题考查了基本不等式的性质,“一正、二定、三相等”.11.B解析:B 【解析】 【分析】过点B 作BE DC ⊥于点E ,过点A 作AF DC ⊥于点F ,在ABD ∆中由正弦定理求得AD ,在Rt ADF ∆中求得DF ,从而求得灯塔CD 的高度. 【详解】过点B 作BE DC ⊥于点E ,过点A 作AF DC ⊥于点F ,如图所示,在ABD ∆中,由正弦定理得,sin sin AB ADADB ABD=∠∠,即sin[90(90)]sin(90)h ADαβα=︒--︒-︒+,cos sin()h AD αβα∴=-,在Rt ADF ∆中,cos sin sin sin()h DF AD αβββα==-,又山高为a ,则灯塔CD 的高度是3340cos sin 22356035251sin()2h CD DF EF a αββα⨯⨯=-=-=-=-=-. 故选B .【点睛】本题考查了解三角形的应用和正弦定理,考查了转化思想,属中档题.12.C解析:C 【解析】 【分析】设1BC CD ==,计算出ACD ∆的三条边长,然后利用余弦定理计算出cos DAC ∠. 【详解】如下图所示,不妨设1BC CD ==,则2AB =,过点D 作DE AB ⊥,垂足为点D , 易知四边形BCDE 是正方形,则1BE CD ==,1AE AB BE ∴=-=, 在Rt ADE ∆中,222AD AE DE =+=225AC AB BC +在ACD ∆中,由余弦定理得2222310cos 2252AC AD CD DAC AC AD +-∠===⋅⨯⨯, 故选C .【点睛】本题考查余弦定理求角,在利用余弦定理求角时,首先应将三角形的边长求出来,结合余弦定理来求角,考查计算能力,属于中等题.二、填空题13.【解析】【分析】由题意可得且即且化简可得由不等式的性质可得的取值范围【详解】解:故有且化简可得且即故答案为:【点睛】本题考查数列极限以及不等式的性质属于中档题解析:33(0,)(,3)22U【解析】 【分析】由题意可得1q <且0q ≠,即11q -<<且0q ≠,211232a a a =+,化简可得13322a q =+由不等式的性质可得1a 的取值范围. 【详解】解:21123lim()2n n a q a a →∞-=+Q 21123lim 2n a a a →∞∴=+,lim 0nn q →∞= 故有11q -<<且0q ≠,211232a a a =+ 化简可得13322a q =+ 103a ∴<<且132a ≠即133(0,)(,3)22a ∈U故答案为:33(0,)(,3)22U 【点睛】本题考查数列极限以及不等式的性质,属于中档题.14.【解析】试题分析:由题意可知解得所以考点:等差数列通项公式解析:6766【解析】试题分析:由题意可知123417891463,3214a a a a a d a a a a d +++=+=++=+=,解得137,2266a d ==,所以5167466a a d =+=. 考点:等差数列通项公式. 15.【解析】在△ABC 中∵DE ⊥ABDE=∴AD=∴BD=AD=∵AD=BD ∴A=∠ABD ∴∠BDC=∠A+∠ABD=2∠A 在△BCD 中由正弦定理得即整理得cosA=【解析】在△ABC 中,∵DE ⊥AB ,DE=,∴AD, ∴BD =AD=sin A. ∵AD =BD ,∴A =∠ABD , ∴∠BDC =∠A +∠ABD =2∠A , 在△BCD 中,由正弦定理得sin sin BD BCC BDC=∠ ,4sin 2A =,整理得cosA16.【解析】【分析】由当n =1时a1=S1=3当n≥2时an =Sn ﹣Sn ﹣1即可得出【详解】当且时又满足此通项公式则数列的通项公式故答案为:【点睛】本题考查求数列通项公式考查了推理能力与计算能力注意检验 解析:*2)1(n n N +∈【解析】 【分析】由2*2n S n n n N =+∈,,当n =1时,a 1=S 1=3.当n ≥2时,a n =S n ﹣S n ﹣1,即可得出.当2n ≥,且*n N ∈时,()()()2212121n n n a S S n n n n -⎡⎤=-=+--+-⎣⎦ ()2222122n n n n n =+--++- 21n =+,又211123S a ==+=,满足此通项公式,则数列{}n a 的通项公式()*21n a n n N=+∈. 故答案为:()*21n n N+∈【点睛】 本题考查求数列通项公式,考查了推理能力与计算能力,注意检验n=1是否符合,属于中档题.17.2018【解析】【分析】数列{an}{bn}满足bn =lnann∈N*其中{bn}是等差数列可得bn+1﹣bn =lnan+1﹣lnan =ln 常数t 常数et =q >0因此数列{an}为等比数列由可得a1解析:2018【解析】【分析】数列{a n }、{b n }满足b n =lna n ,n ∈N *,其中{b n }是等差数列,可得b n +1﹣b n =lna n +1﹣lna n =ln 1n n a a +=常数t .1n na a +=常数e t =q >0,因此数列{a n }为等比数列.由431007e a a ⋅=, 可得a 1a 1009=a 2a 1008431007a a e =⋅==L .再利用对数运算性质即可得出.【详解】解:数列{a n }、{b n }满足b n =lna n ,n ∈N *,其中{b n }是等差数列,∴b n +1﹣b n =lna n +1﹣lna n =ln 1n na a +=常数t . ∴1n na a +=常数e t =q >0, 因此数列{a n }为等比数列.且431007e a a ⋅=,∴a 1a 1009=a 2a 1008431007a a e =⋅==L .则b 1+b 2+…+b 1009=ln (a 1a 2…a 1009)==lne 2018=2018.故答案为:2018.【点睛】本题考查了等比数列的通项公式与性质、对数运算性质,考查了推理能力与计算能力,属18.8【解析】【分析】根据求得再求出带入不等式解不等式即可【详解】因为数列为正项的递增等比数列由解得则整理得:使不等式成立的最大整数为故答案为:【点睛】本题主要考查了等比数列的性质和等比数列的求和同时考 解析:8【解析】【分析】根据1524158281a a a a a a +=⎧⎨==⎩,求得15181a a =⎧⎨=⎩,13-=n n a .再求出13(1)3n n T =-,带入不等式112020|1|13n nT a -->,解不等式即可. 【详解】因为数列{}n a 为正项的递增等比数列,由1524158281a a a a a a +=⎧⎨==⎩,解得15181a a =⎧⎨=⎩. 则3q =,13-=n n a .1(1)1323(1)1313n n n T -=⨯=--. 112020|1|13n n T a -->⇒1112020|11|133n n ---->. 整理得:38080n <.使不等式成立的最大整数n 为8.故答案为:8【点睛】本题主要考查了等比数列的性质和等比数列的求和,同时考查了学生的计算能力,属于中档题.19.10【解析】【分析】根据等差数列的前n 项和公式可得结合等差数列的性质即可求得k 的值【详解】因为且所以由等差数列性质可知因为所以则根据等差数列性质可知可得【点睛】本题考查了等差数列的前n 项和公式等差数 解析:10【解析】【分析】根据等差数列的前n 项和公式可得70a =,结合等差数列的性质即可求得k 的值.【详解】因为91239S a a a a =+++⋅⋅⋅41234S a a a a =+++,且94S S =所以567890a a a a a ++++=由等差数列性质可知70a =因为40k a a +=所以4770k a a a a +=+=则根据等差数列性质可知477k +=+可得10k =【点睛】本题考查了等差数列的前n 项和公式,等差数列性质的应用,属于基础题.20.1【解析】试题分析:由得所以(当且仅当即时等号成立)所以答案应填1考点:1对数的运算性质;2基本不等式解析:1【解析】试题分析:由log 41,a b =-得104a b =>,所以114a b b b +=+≥=(当且仅当14b b =即12b =时,等号成立) 所以答案应填1.考点:1、对数的运算性质;2、基本不等式.三、解答题21.(1)7(2【解析】【分析】(1)ACD ∆中,设(0)AD x x =>,利用余弦定理得到1x =,再利用正弦定理得到答案.(2)利用面积关系得到sin 4sin .AB BAC AD CAD ⋅∠=⋅∠化简得到cos 2.AB CAD AD ⋅∠=根据(1)中sin 7CAD ∠=解得答案. 【详解】(1)在ACD ∆中,设(0)AD x x =>, 由余弦定理得2227=422cos3x x x x +-⨯⋅π 整理得277x =,解得1x =.所以1, 2.AD CD == 由正弦定理得2sin sin 3DC AC DAC =∠π,解得sin 7DAC ∠= (2)由已知得4ABC ACD S S ∆∆=, 所以11sin 4sin 22AB AC BAC AD AC CAD ⋅⋅∠=⨯⋅⋅∠, 化简得sin 4sin .AB BAC AD CAD ⋅∠=⋅∠所以2sin cos 4sin ,AB CAD CAD AD CAD ⋅∠⋅∠=⋅∠于是cos 2.AB CAD AD ⋅∠=因为sin 7CAD ∠=,且CAD ∠为锐角,所以cos CAD ∠==.代入计算21AB =⨯因此AB =【点睛】本题考查了正弦定理,余弦定理,面积公式,意在考查学生利用正余弦定理解决问题的能力.22.(1)a n 11()2n +=;(2)T n 2211311436(2)(3)n n ⎡⎤=--⎢⎥++⎣⎦. 【解析】【分析】(1)根据等差中项的性质列方程,并转化为1,a q 的形式,由此求得q 的值,进而求得数列{}n a 的通项公式.(2)利用裂项求和法求得数列{}n c 的前n 项和n T .【详解】(1)由S 1+a 1,S 3+a 3,S 2+a 2成等差数列,可得2(S 3+a 3)=S 2+a 2+S 1+a 1,即有2a 1(1+q +2q 2)=3a 1+2a 1q ,化为4q 2=1,公比q >0,解得q 12=. 则a n 14= ⋅(12)n ﹣111()2n +=; (2)b n 212222111()(2)(1)n n log a log n --===+,c n =(n +2)b n b n +2=(n +2)⋅22221111(1)(3)4(1)(3)n n n n ⎡⎤=-⎢⎥++++⎣⎦, 则前n 项和T n =c 1+c 2+c 3+…+c n ﹣1+c n 14=[22222222221111111111243546(2)(1)(3)n n n n -+-+-++-+-+++L ] 2211111449(2)(3)n n ⎡⎤=+--⎢⎥++⎣⎦ 2211311436(2)(3)n n ⎡⎤=--⎢⎥++⎣⎦. 【点睛】本小题主要考查等差中项的性质,考查等比数列通项公式的基本量计算,考查裂项求和法,属于中档题.23.(1)b =2)b =【解析】【分析】(12b =,根据已知可求b 的值.(2)利用同角三角函数基本关系式可求cos B ,由余弦定理可得222a c ac =+-,根据已知可求c ,进而可求b 的值. 【详解】(1)Q 22sin 1cos sin A C B B =-=.∴2b =,2a =Q ,c =b ∴=(2)sin 4B =Q ,cos 4B ∴=,∴由余弦定理2222cos b a c ac B =+-222a c ac =+-,又a =c =2b ∴=经检验,b【点睛】本题考查正弦定理,同角三角函数基本关系式,余弦定理在解三角形中的综合应用,考查计算能力和转化思想,属于基础题.24.(Ⅰ)[]1,1-; (Ⅱ)92. 【解析】【分析】 (Ⅰ)分段去绝对值求解不等式即可;(Ⅱ)由绝对值三角不等式可得2m =,再由()122a b a b a b ⎛⎫+=++⎪⎝⎭,展开利用基本不等式求解即可.【详解】 (Ⅰ)Q ()2121121x x f x x x x -≤-⎧⎪=-<≤⎨⎪>⎩,,, ∴ 122x x ≤-⎧⎨-≤⎩ 或 1122x -<≤⎧⎨≤⎩ 或 122x x >⎧⎨≤⎩∴ 11x -≤≤,∴不等式解集为[]1,1-.(Ⅱ) Q ()()11112x x x x -++≥--+=,∴ 2m =, 又142a b+=,0,0a b >>, ∴1212a b +=,∴ ()125259222222a b a b a b a b b a ⎛⎫+=++=++≥+= ⎪⎝⎭, 当且仅当1422a b b a ⎧+=⎪⎨⎪=⎩即323a b ⎧=⎪⎨⎪=⎩时取等号,所以()min 92a b +=. 【点睛】绝对值不等式的常见解法:①利用绝对值不等式的几何意义求解,体现了数形结合的思想;②利用“零点分段法”求解,体现了分类讨论的思想;③通过构造函数,利用函数的图象求解,体现了函数与方程的思想.25.(1)a n =3n ﹣1,b n =2n ﹣1(2)T n =3﹣(n +1)•(13)n ﹣1 【解析】【分析】(1)利用基本量法求解n a ,再代入()1,n n P b b +到直线20x y -+=可得{}n b 为等差数列,再进行通项公式求解即可.(2)利用错位相减求和即可.【详解】(1)递增等比数列{a n }的公比设为q ,前n 项和为S n ,且a 2=3,S 3=13,可得a 1q =3,a 1+a 1q +a 1q 2=13,解得q =3或q 13=, 由等比数列递增,可得q =3,a 1=1,则13-=n n a ;P (b n ,b n +1)在直线x ﹣y +2=0上,可得b n +1﹣b n =2,且b 1=a 1=1,则b n =1+2(n ﹣1)=2n ﹣1;(2)c n n n b a ==(2n ﹣1)•(13)n ﹣1, 前n 项和T n =1•1+3•13+5•19++L (2n ﹣1)•(13)n ﹣1, 13T n =1•13+3•19+5•127++L (2n ﹣1)•(13)n , 相减可得23T n =1+2(1139+++L (13)n ﹣1)﹣(2n ﹣1)•(13)n =1+2•111133113n -⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭--(2n ﹣1)•(13)n , 化简可得T n =3﹣(n +1)•(13)n ﹣1. 【点睛】本题主要考查了等比等差数列的通项公式求解以及错位相减的求和方法,属于中档题.26.(1)203n a n =-;(2)当6n =时,数列{}n a 的前n 项和最大.【解析】【分析】(1)设等差数列{}n a 的公差为d ,由24220,a a -=3128S a -=.利用通项公式可得()()112320a d a d +-+=,113328a d a +-=,解方程组即得. (2)令0n a ≥,解得n .【详解】解:(1)设等差数列{}n a 的公差为d ,24220,a a -=Q 3128S a -=.()()112320,a d a d ∴+-+=113328a d a +-=,联立解得:117,a =3d =-.173(1)203n a n n ∴=--=-.(2)令2030n a n =-≥,解得203n ≤. ∴当6n =时,数列{}n a 的前n 项和最大.【点睛】本题考查等差数列的通项公式,考查等差数列的前n项和的最值.解题方法是基本量法,a 确定n值.对前n项和的最大值问题,可通过解不等式0n。