英语十大词类(课堂PPT)

He is an engineer and the engineer teaches at Qinghua University.
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Prep. 介词
The man stood there in silence. The man is in silence. The man in silence is a new-comer of our
seriously ill. They are getting on very well with each other. I must be off now because I have much work
to see to.
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Adv. 副词：修饰动词、形容词、副词
We should constantly review our lessons. The doctor is treating the patient who is
Tom: I don't know, father. Father: Oh, yes, you do! Think! When other
boys and girls are doing and writing, who sits in the class and only watches how other people work? Tom: Our teacher,第f2a1页th/共e23r页.
Numeral num.数量或顺序
Verb
v 人或事物的动作或状态
Adverb adv修饰v、adj或其他adv
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语法：十大词类
Form words：（虚词） Article art.名词前，帮助说明n Preposition prep.名词、代词等前面 Conjunction conj.连接词、短语或句子 Interjection interj. 说话时的感情或口气（不常用）

副词
方式副词
Carefully, fast, slowly, suddenly
程度副词
Very, too, so, rather (相当), much
三、形容词与副词的构成
形容词构成：n+y/ful/ic/less/en/al/ial
Healthy, sunny, wealthy hopeful, wonderful, careful classic, basic Careless, useless, endless woolen, golden natural, official, typical
（二）不及物动词（vi.）
定义：不能直接加宾语的动词, 当需要接宾语时，需要在后面加上对应的介词。
一、动词
（三）系动词
定义：连接主语和表示主语身份、性质、状态的动词。可表示状态、感官、变化… 本身有词义，不能单独使用，必须加上表语。
1. 状态（be动词）am, is, are, was, were She is a beautiful girl. 2. 感官：look，sound， smell，taste, fell…. The park looks beautiful
副词 well
比较级 better worse more
less Farther/further
Older/elder
最高级 best worst most least
Farthest/furthest Oldest/eldest
四、代词
四、代词
1. 人称代词
人称代词是用来代替人和实物的词，有人称、数和格的变化。主要形式有：
四、代词
3.指示物主代词
指示代词是用来指示或表示人或事物的代词。主要形式有：

接从句 At this level, listening means trying to find meaning in what you hear. (in)
十 大 词 虚词 类
连单词 Which do you like better, apples or oranges? (or)
连词 连短语 We do morning exercises
1. She has boxed up all her books. 作谓语，是动词，“把……装进箱里 (put sth into a box) ”。
2. I spent the morning sorting and bagging old clothes. 由spend…doing sth可知，是动词，将……装 进袋里(put sth into bags)”。
5. Our team has had five wins and no losses this season. 作宾语，是名词，意为“胜, 赢”。句意： 我队这个赛季赢五场而未输过。
Thank you !
介词
接名词 I’m writing to ask for your help. (for)
接代词 Hope to hear from you soon. (from)
接动名词 Yesterday, he was occupied in translating last week’s report. (in)
3. Don’t forget to date your letters. 由forget to do sth可知，是动词，“在…… 上写明日期（write a date on）”。
4. We can house you if the hotels are full. 作谓语，是动词，“给（某人）房子住 （provide accommodation for）”。

英语十大词类功能表
1.Everybody likes beautiful.
1.Everybody likes beauty.
2.With the develop of science and technology , we live better and better. 2.With the development of science and technology , we l英iv语十e大词b类e功能t表ter and better.
3.Don’t afraid .your mother is beside you .
3.Don’t be afraid .Your mother is beside you . 4.With time goes on , we have learned more and more. 4.As time goes on , we have learned more .When mother came in, I seated in front of the TV set. 5.When mother came in, I was seated in front of the TV set.
英语十大词类功能表
Computer is (1) wide used in our (2) every day life. Many people , especially young have (3g)ood knowledge of computer .computer is more and more a(4d)vance and nobody knows what computer (5)will like in one hundred years.
英语十大词类功能表

虚词---连词
概念：（英文conjunction，简称conj.），用来连接词与词、 词组与词组或句子与句子，表示某种逻辑关系的虚词。可 以表并列、转折、选择、因果关系等。
词汇举例：and，but，or，so
例句： Mary and john are good friends. I like to sing English songs and draw pictures. He is too weak, so he can’t run.
时间介词：
in年in月in季节， in the后加早/午/晚， on天on日on星期， on加具体某天早/午/晚， at noon, at night, at the weekend， at在某时某刻前
7.I was born in May. 8.We have two English lessons on Monday . 9.It is not safe to walk home at night. 10.Ms White often takes exercise in the afternoon. 11.I always wake up very early on the morning of Christmas Day. 12.People often go swimming in summer..
词汇举例：at，on，in，over，between，for，with，by
例句： There is a bridge over the river. He goes to work by bike. I will go shopping with my sister.
方位介词：
1）到达某地 in & at

A．minute's B．minutes
C．minutes'
3. There are three A in my family. (2004长春）
A.people
B. person
C. child
4. Most students can go to college for further A in our city.
但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式，a dollar, two dollars
9
注意：
一些以man，woman结尾的合成词，在构成复数时， 与man，woman的变化形式相同。
如：policeman → policemen, Englishman → Englishmen, Frenchman→ Frenchmen.
中日瑞士不变 英法变 其余s加后面
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名称 中国人 瑞士人 澳大利亚人 俄国人 意大利人 希腊人 法国人 日本人 美国人 印度人 加拿大人 德国人 英国人 瑞典人
总称(谓语用复数) the Chinese the Swiss the Australians the Russians the Italians the Greek the French the Japanese the Americans the Indians the Canadians the Germans the English the Swedish
9. Look at those people in the boats! (people)
10. Look! The women are singing. (woman)
11. September 10th is Teachers’

反身代词的用法： •1. 用作同位语(加强被修饰词的语气，紧放在被修饰名词 后, 或句末)，如：
The box itself is not so heavy. You said it yourself. •2. 用作宾语(动词或介词的宾语)，如： Take good care of yourself. •3. 用作表语，如： The poor boy was myself.
词性的分类
词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以 分十个大类。前六类叫实词，后四类叫虚词。实词：表示 实在意义的词；虚词：不表示实在意义而表示语法意义的
词。
1 名词 noun n. student 学生
2 代词 pronoun pron. you 你
3 形容词 adjective adj. happy 高兴的 4 副词 adverb adv. quickly 迅速地
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二、 物主代词表示所有关系的代词，也可叫做代词所有 格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种， 其人物和数的变化见下表。
数 人称 一
单数
二
三
复数
一
二
三
形 物 my your his/ her/ its our your their
名 物 mine yours his/ hers/ its ours yours theirs
Conjunction ( conj.)
Interjection ( interj.)
作用
表示人或事物的名称（专有名词和普 通名词）
用来代替名词、形容词或数词等
表示数量或顺序，表示“多少”“第 几” 用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的特性 、性质 表示人或事物的动作或状态

数目多少的数词叫基数词；表示顺序的数词叫序数词。)
一、基数词


基数词写法和读法

二、序数词

序数词的缩写形式：

first—1st second—2nd thirty-first—31st
三、数词的用法

1）倍数表示法

2）分数表示法
介 词 (介词是什么?)
按结构英语介词可分为3类：
1．简单介词（约有70个），如：in，at，on，by，with，down， for，beside，along，across等。

代词是非常活跃的词，特别是不定代词，比较复杂，我们要熟 练掌握。
形容词
(修饰名词等，说明事物或人的性质或特征的词)
形容词可分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一 定都放在名词前面。
1) 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词， 它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、 表语和补语。例如：hot ,good ,wonderful等.
英语词性的分类及用法
词性的分类
词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分成
十个大类。
1 名词 noun n. student 学生 3 形容词 adjective adj. happy 高兴的 5 动词 verb v. cut 砍、割 7 冠词 article art. a 一个 9 连词 conjunction conj. and 和 前六类叫实词，后四类叫虚词。
英语介词不可单独使用，后面必须跟名词,动名词或句子构成介宾结 构等.
连词 (是一种虚词， 它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，
短语与短语以及句与句的作用。)
连词主要可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。

dream is to become an English tea动ch名er.词(
)6. His hobby is
playing football.（
）7. The truth is that he表h语as从ne句ver been
abroad.（
）
No. 5 定语
1. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the
easier to chew at this point. （
） 形容词
方位副词
3. I am down there in my wheelchair in the mor过ni去ng分....词（
）
4. Needless to say, they were deeply moved.（ 不定式 ）5. My
（it作形式主语，）真正的主语为后面的不定式 7. It’s urgent for students themselves to improve their self-discipline
No. 2 谓语 简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如： This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. （ 实义动词 ） 复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如： By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems.

用来连接词、短语或句子
and和 but但是
表示说话时的感情或口气
Hello喂
why呃，嘿
2
名词的概念
专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机名词可以 分为专有名词和普通名词 .
构等专有的名称，如Beijing， China, the United States,等。
普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概 念的名词，如：book，sadness等。(普通名 词包括可数名词和不可数名词)
6. Are there any watches in the box? (watch)
7. There are twelve months in a year. (month)
8. Would you like some tomatoes ? (tomato)
9. Look at those people in the boats! (people)
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反身代词的用法
1. 用作同位语(加强被修饰词的语气，紧放在被修饰名词后, 或句末)： The box itself is not so heavy. You said it yourself. 2. 用作宾语(动词或介词的宾语)： Take good care of yourself. 3. 用作表语 The poor boy was myself.
C．minutes'
3. There are three A in my family. (2004长春）
A.people
B. person
C. child
4. Most students can go to college for further A in our city.