【要点精华】1. 定义名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。
普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。
普通名词又可分为下面四类：1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。
2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。
3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。
4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。
个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词。
2. 名词复数的规则变化（情况，构成方法，读音，例词）a. 一般情况在名词后加-s清辅音后读/s/map-maps浊辅音和元音后读 /z/bag-bags /car-carsb. 以s, sh, ch, x等结尾的名词加-es读 /iz/bus-buses/ watch-watches/brush-brushes/box-boxesc. 以ce, se, ze,等结尾加 -s读 /iz/license-licensesd. 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词把变y 为i再加es读 /z/baby---babiese. 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时：1). 加s，如： photo---photos piano---pianosradio---radios zoo---zoos；2). 加es，如：potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes3). 上述a和b两种方法均可，如zero---zeros / zeroes。
f. 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时：1). 加s，如： belief---beliefs roof---roofssafe---safes gulf---gulfs2). 去f, fe 加ves，如：half---halvesknife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolveswife---wives life---lives thief---thieves3). 上述a和b两种方法均可，如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。
3. 名词复数的不规则变化1） child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women注意：由一个词加 man 或 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women，如an Englishman，two Englishmen。
但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。
2）单复同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese ，yuan等。
4. 名词所有格1）在英语中有些名词可以加“’s”来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，例如：Where’s Lin Tao’s bike?林涛的自行车在哪2）如果原词已经有复数词尾-s,则仅仅加一个“’”，例如：teachers’office老师的办公室3）如果是复数，但不带词尾-s,则仍然加“’s”，例如：those men’s hats 那些男士的帽子4）如果表示各自的所有关系时，名词末尾均需加“’s”，例如：Jim’s and Kate’s glasses 吉姆和凯特各自的眼镜5）如果表示共同的所有关系时，仅在最后一词的末尾加“’s”，例如：Jim and Kate’s kite 吉姆和凯特的风筝（两个人共同拥有的）6）如果表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，例如：Shall we go to Meimei’s for supper?我们一起到梅梅家去吃饭，好吗7）没有生命的名词所有格用of，例如：This is a photo of my family. 这是我家的一张全家福。
【实战演练场】一. 圈出下列单词中的不可数名词peach ink water zoo sister coffee knife snow ice tea orange fridge jeep rain wind car teacher music ear colawatermelon cherry二. 写出下列名词的复数形式1.watch__________2.class__________3.shelf__________4.dog__________5.dish__________6.child__________7.nurse__________ 8.desk__________ 9.boy__________10.baby__________ 11.tooth_________ 12.eye__________13.sheep_________ 14.tomato_______ 15.library_________16.goose_________ 17.photo________18.telephone_________三. 填入所给名词的适当形式1.We have three________(pen).2.This is an __________(apple).3.Where is the__________(pencil)?4.There is a little __________ in the bottle(juice).5.Are you a __________(driver)? Yes, I am.6.There are a few __________(watch)on the desk.7.Many__________(shelf)are in our school library.8.He has some__________(ink).9.The__________(girl)in red is Mary.10.How many__________(people)are there in your family? Three.四. 将下列名词按所给例词的词义属性归类school pineapple panda jacket peach cat pen library hat trousers ruler classroom lemon dress tiger playground ink eraser shirt elephant ballpoint–pen computer room deer pencil-case snake shorts socks1.pencil2.banana3.coat4.wolf5.school building五. 选择题( )1.There is __________on the table.A.PlateB.a plateC.plates( )2.I can see many __________in the garden.A.flowersB.a flowerC.flowers( )3.The_____on the hills are all white.A.sheepB.sheepsC.doG( )4.These new_____are for you.A.skirtB.shoeC.shirts( )5.The clock has three______A.legsB.legC.faces( )6.They are not in the same_______.A.classB.classesC.familys( )7.Is this your_____?A.a keyB.keysC.key( )8.They are having_____.A.a classB.English classC.Chinese class( )9.There are so many _____in the hall.A.peoplesB.peopleC.a people ( )10.The_____has some nice pictures.A.boysB.teachersC.child( )11.The_____are dancing at the party.A.womanB.womenC.man( )12.The _____are in Room408.A.studentB.a studentC.students ( )13.Who’s that_____? She’s my mother.A.manB.womanC.women( )14.The_____are catching the thief.A.policemanB.policemenC.policemans ( )15.There are new _____in my schoolbag.A.knifeB.knifesC.knives ( )16._____jacket is it? May be it’s_____.A.Who’s;TomsB.What;Tom’sC.Whose;Tom’s( )17.The books are the_____.A.teachers’B.teachersC.teacher( )18.There are a lot of children in the park on_____Day.A.childrenB.Children’sC.Childrens’( )19.Is it the twins’bedroom? Yes,it is. It’s_____bedroom.A.Ann and Anna’sB.Ann’s and Anna’sC.Ann and Anna( )20.That is _____dog. A.Tom’s B.Toms C.Tom( )21._____coats are very pretty.A.Jim and Tim’sB.Jim’s and Tim’sC.Jim and Tim( )22.They are going to their_____home for dinner.A.unclesB.uncleC.uncle’s( )23.The big room is_____.A.the twin’sB.twins’C.thetwins’( )24.March 8th is_____.A.Woman’s DayB.Womans’ DayC.Women’sDay六. 根据英语解释以及首字母写单词es after afternoon e_________2. a small bag with money in it w________3.the hottest season s_________4.the first day of the working week M_______5.the first month of a year J__________6. a room for sleeping b__________7.your uncle’s son or daughter c_________8.the sister of your father or mother a_________9.the month after July A__________10.making you very afraid; very bad t__________七. 英汉互译1.一位美国医生____________2.许多绵羊___________3.不同的季节____________4.一杯牛奶_____________5.凯特的家庭照__________6.my uncle’s friend___________7.her cat’s name____________ 8.the doors of theclassroom_______9.the twins’mother_________ 10.Lucy and Kate’sbedroom_______八. 根据中文完成句子1.When you have a headache, you should stay in bed and takesome__________(药).2.My hobby is collecting___________(邮票).3.Many___________(孩子)like watching cartoon(卡通片).4.Every morning we should brush__________(牙齿).5.We must clean our__________(教师)after school.6.May I have another__________(一瓶橘汁).7.I like __________(这条连衣裙的颜色).8.____________________(汤姆和安的手套)are the same.9.There are many__________(狼)in the forest.10.__________(西红柿)is my favourite vegetable.九. 阅读理解Look at the picture on the wall. It’s a picture of Mr. Green’s family. The old man is Jim Green. He is Mr. Green’s father. Mr. Green is a worker. His wife, Helen Green, is a doctor. They have two daughters. They are Lucy and Lily. They are twins. Lucy and Lily have a cousin, Jeff. Jeff’s parents love them all very much.( )1.The old man is Lucy and Lily’s__________.A.fatherB.cousinC.uncleD.grandfather( )2.The Greens have two__________.A.brothersB.sistersC.sonsD.daughters( )3.Lucy has__________.A.a friendB.a sisterC.a brotherD.two sisters( )4.Jeff’s father is Lucy and Lily’s__________.A.UncleB.fatherC.brotherD.grandfather( )5.Lily’s mother is a __________.A.doctorB.workerC.teacherD.father十. 情景英语选择正确的句子完成对话Hello, Wang Mei! _1_ . Sure! How can I help you?I want to move the desk, but it’s too heavy._2_I want to put it in the next room. OK, _3_Oh, it’s so heavy,_4_No,it’s full of books.I see. Why don’t you take out the books? _5_1.__________2.__________3.__________4.__________5._________A.That’s a good idea!B.Goodbye!C.Where do you want to put it?D.Is it empty?十一. 将下列短语改写成用“s”来表示所有关系的短语1.a walk of half an hour _____________________2.the bikes of Helen and Jane___________________3.the ships of the children______________________4.the sister of John____________________________5.at the shop of uncle John_____________________6.the room of Helen and John___________________十二. 把下列短语译成汉语1.a piece of bread___________2.a box of apples____________3.a pair of trousers__________4.a bottle of orange juice________5.a cup of tea_________6.a glass of water__________7.a piece of news_________8.seven boxes of apples________十三. 名词所有格练习.1. __________________________(李明的父母)work in a big hospital.2. This is __________________________________(我妹妹的语文书).3. __________________________________(双胞胎的卧室) are very nice.4. ______________________________(王平和王明的父亲) is a hotel manager.5. Is this ___________________________________(你的好朋友的钢笔) ?6. They are ___________________________________(Peter 和Sam 的老师).7. ___________________________(教师节) is on September 10th .8. ___________________________________(学生们的桌椅) are very new.9. We are very happy on ____________________________________(儿童节).10. He is in _________________________________(老师的办公室) now.11. Please open ______________________________________(教室的门).12. ____________________________(赵敏的鞋) are white.13. _________________________________(林红和张蔚的学校) is big and new.14. ________________________________(John和Sally的母亲) are American.15. _____________________________(刘伟的妻子的朋友) is from Guangzhou.16. ______________________________(Tony哥哥的电脑) is broken.17. It’s _____________________________(妇女节) on March 8th.18. Are these ________________________________________(男生们的书包) ?19. That is _______________________________________(Tom和李雷的教室).20. _____________________________(我父亲的和她父亲的朋友) are from Beijing.。
