the_history_of_american_slavery美国社会生活与思想史的PPT

美国的奴隶制英语作文The Scourge of Slavery in AmericaThe history of the United States is inextricably linked to the dark legacy of slavery. From the early colonial days to the Civil War, the nation grappled with the moral and economic implications of this abhorrent practice. The subjugation of millions of Africans and their descendants shaped the very fabric of American society, leaving an indeluring mark that continues to reverberate through the present day.The origins of slavery in America can be traced back to the 17th century when the first African slaves were brought to the English colonies. Driven by the insatiable demand for cheap labor to work on the lucrative tobacco, cotton, and sugar plantations, the colonial powers engaged in the transatlantic slave trade. Millions of Africans were forcibly uprooted from their homelands, crammed into the deplorable conditions of slave ships, and sold into a life of bondage.The dehumanizing system of slavery was built upon a foundation of racial prejudice and the belief in the inherent superiority of the white race. Enslaved Africans were viewed as little more than property,stripped of their basic rights and subjected to unimaginable cruelty. Beatings, torture, and even murder were commonplace on the plantations, as slave owners exercised absolute control over the lives of their human chattel.The economic importance of slavery to the burgeoning American colonies cannot be overstated. The labor of enslaved Africans fueled the growth of the agricultural economy, providing the raw materials that were essential to the global trade network. The wealth generated by this exploitative system enriched the plantation owners and the merchants who profited from the slave trade, while the vast majority of the enslaved population lived in abject poverty and deprivation.The moral and philosophical contradictions inherent in a nation founded on the principles of liberty and equality were starkly evident in the persistence of slavery. As the American Revolution unfolded, the hypocrisy of the Founding Fathers who owned slaves became increasingly apparent. Figures like Thomas Jefferson, who famously declared that "all men are created equal," were themselves slave owners, a fact that has long been a source of controversy and debate.The abolitionist movement, which emerged in the early 19th century, sought to challenge the institution of slavery and bring about its demise. Driven by a sense of moral outrage and a belief in theinherent dignity of all human beings, abolitionists like William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, and Harriet Tubman tirelessly advocated for the emancipation of enslaved people. Through their writings, speeches, and direct action, they helped to galvanize a growing anti-slavery sentiment that would eventually lead to the Civil War.The Civil War, which raged from 1861 to 1865, was a pivotal moment in the struggle against slavery. The Union's victory over the Confederacy, which had seceded from the United States in defense of the peculiar institution, resulted in the abolition of slavery through the 13th Amendment to the Constitution. However, the end of legal slavery did not mark the end of racial oppression and discrimination in America.The legacy of slavery has cast a long shadow over the nation's history, manifesting in the Jim Crow laws, the rise of the Ku Klux Klan, and the ongoing struggle for civil rights. The trauma and intergenerational trauma experienced by the descendants of enslaved Africans continue to shape the lived experiences of African Americans to this day. The fight for true racial equality and justice remains an unfinished battle, one that requires a reckoning with the past and a commitment to dismantling the systemic barriers that perpetuate the legacy of slavery.In conclusion, the history of slavery in America is a complex and multifaceted narrative that has profoundly shaped the nation's identity and trajectory. From the horrors of the transatlantic slave trade to the ongoing struggle for racial justice, the scars of this inhumane practice remain visible in the fabric of American society. As the nation confronts its past and grapples with the lasting impact of slavery, it is incumbent upon all citizens to engage in the difficult but necessary work of reconciliation and the pursuit of a more equitable and just future.。

I．Multiple Choice(40 points in all, 1 for each)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Write the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the answer sheet.Chapter23.The Romantic writers would focus on all the following issues EXCEPT the ___ inthe American literary histrory.A.individual feelingsB.idea of survival of the fittestC.strong imaginationD.return to nature (024)24. Henry David Thoreau's work,__,has always been regarded as a masterpiece ofNew England Transcendentalism.5A.WaldenB.The pioneersC.NatureD.Song of Myself(024)23.The hightide of Romanticism in American literature occurred around .[A]1820 [B]1850 [C]1880 [D]1920(034)25.Which group of writers are among those who may be called early pioneers of American literature?[A]Mark Twain and Henry James.[B]Fenimore Cooper and Washington lrving.[C]Ernest Hemingway and William Faulkner[D]Jack London and O‘Henry. (034)31.The Romantic Writers would focus on all the following issues EXCEPT the （）in the American literary history.A. individual feelingB. survival of the fittest(054)C. strong imaginationD. return to nature24.The Romantic Period, one of the most important periods in the history of American literature, stretches from the end of __________ to the outbreak of ___________.（）A. the 17th century…the American War of IndependenceB. the 18th century…the American Civil WarC. the 17th century…the American Civil WarD. the 18th century…the U.S.-Mexican War(057)29.The them e of Washington Irving‘s Rip Van Winkle is（）.A. the conflict of human psycheB. the fight against racial discrimination(057)C. the familial conflictD. the nostalgia for the unrecoverable past25．The Romantic Period, one of the most important periods in the history of American literature, stretches from the end of ______________ to the outbreak of ____________.A．the 17th century…the American War of IndependenceB．the 18th century…the American Civil WarC．the 17th century…the American Civil Wa rD．the 18th century…the U.S. – Mexican War（074）26．Which of the following statements is NOT true of American Transcendentalism?4 A．It can be clearly defined as a part of American Romantic literary movement. B．It can be defined philosophically as ―the re cognition in man of the capacity of knowing truth intuitively‖.C．Ralph Waldo Emerson was the chief advocate of this spiritual movement.D．It sprang from South America in the late 19th century. （074）39.A preoccupation with the ______ view of original sin and the mystery of evil marked the works of Hawthorne，Melville and a host of lesser writers.A. optimisticB. CalvinisticC. PlatonicD. Socratic(087)40. The American ______ as a cultural heritage exerted great influences over American moral values in the American Romantic period.A. Puritanism B．AtheismC. DeismD. Cynicism(087)39. In the American Romantic writings,______ came to function almost as a dramaticcharacter that symbolized moral law.3A. fireB. waterC. treesD. wilderness(094)40. The desire for an escape from society and a return to ______ became a permanentconvention of the American literature.2A. the family lifeB. natureC. the ancient timeD. fantasy of love(094)24. The fiction of the American _____ period ranges from the comic fables of Washington Irving to the social realism of Rebecca Harding Davis.A. RomanticB. RevolutionaryC. ColonialD. Modernistic（097）32.A preoccupation with the Calvinistic view of _____ and the mystery of evil marked the works of Hawthorne, Melville and a host of lesser writers.1A. love and mercyB. bitterness and hatredC. original sinD. eternal life（097）1 Hawthorne28.Hester Pryme, Dimmsdale,Chillingworth and Pearl are most likely the names ofthe characters in ___.A.The Scarlet LetterB.The House of the Seven GablestC.The Portrait of a LadyD.The pioneers(024)27.Hawthorne generally concerns himself with such issues as in his fiction.[A]the evil in man‘s heart[B]the material pursuit[C]the racial conflict [D]the social inequality(034)29. Which of the following works best illustrates the Calvinistic view of original sin? (044)A. Stowe‘s Uncle Ton’s CabinB. James‘s The Portrait of a Lady.C. Hemingway‘s A Farewell to ArmsD. Hawthorne‘s The Scarlet Letter.39.After his experiences in the forest, Young Goodman Brown returns to Salem ______.A. desperate and gloomyB. renewed in his faithC. wearing a black veilD. unaware of his own sin(044)24.The American novelist Nathaniel Hawthorne is known for his―black vision.‖The term―black vision‖refers to（）.A. Hawthorne‘s observation that every man faces a black wallB. Hawthorne‘s belief that all men are by nature evilC. that Hawthorne employed a dream vision to tell his storyD. that Puritans of Hawthorne‘s time usually wore black clothes(054)36.Hester Prynne, Dimmesdale, Chillingworth and Pearl are most likely characters in （）.A. The House of the Seven GablesB. The Scarlet Letter(054)C. The Portrait of a LadyD. The Pioneers23.In Young Goodman Brown by Hawthorne, the name of Goodman Brown‘s wife is （）, which also contains many symbolic meanings.A. RuthB. HesterC. FaithD. Mary(057)36.Nathaniel Hawthorne held an unceasing interest in the―interior of the heart‖ of man‘s being. So in almost every book he wrote, Hawtho rne discussed（）A. love and hatredB. sin and evilC. frustration and self-denialD. balance and self-discipline(057) 29．Nathaniel Hawthorne held an unceasing interest in the ―interior of the heart ‖of man‘s being. So in almost every book he wr ote, Hawthorne discusses______________.A．love and hatred B．sin and evilC．frustration and self—denial D．balance and self—discipline（074）30．In Young Goodman Brown by Hawthorne, the name of Goodman Brown‘s wife is ______________, which also contains many symbolic meanings.A．Ruth B．HesterC．Faith D．Mary（074）28．Hawthorne intended to ______ in The Scarlet Letter.A．tell a story of parental loveB．tell a story of sin and bloody violenceC．call the readers back to the plantation way of livingD．reveal the human psyche after they sinned（084）30．In many of Hawthorne‘s stories and novels, the Puritan concept of life is condemned, or the Puritan past is shown in an almost totally negative light, especially in his ______ and The Scarlet Letter.5A．Twice-Told Tales B．The Blithedale RomanceC．The Marble Faun D．The House of the Seven Gables（084）27. According to ______, ―There is evil in every human heart，which may remain latent，perhaps，through the whole life；but circumstances may rouse it to activity.‖4A. Nathaniel HawthorneB. Edgar Ellen PoeC. William Faulkner D．Theodore Dreiser(087)34. Hawthorne‘s view of man and human history originated，to a great extent，from ______.A. TranscendentalismB. PuritanismC. HumanismD. Expressionism(087)38.Almost every book written by Hawthorne discusses _____，which reflects his unceasing interest in the ―interior of the heart‖ of man‘s being.A. sin and evilB. 1ove and hatredC. frustration and self - denialD. balance and self - discipline(087)34. The Birthmark drives home symbolically ______ point that evil is a man'sbirthmark, something he was born with.A. Whitman'sB. Melville'sC. Hawthorne'sD. Emerson's(094)40. Hawthorne was not a Puritan himself, but his view of man and human history originated, to a great extent, in_______.A. CalvinismB. PuritanismC. RealismD. Naturalism（097）23. With the scarlet letter A as the biggest symbol of all, ______ proves himself to be one of the best symbolists.A. HawthorneB. DreiserC. JamesD. Faulkner(104)40. In 1837, ______ published Twice - Told Tales, a collection of short stories which attracted critical attention.3A. EmersonB. MelvilleC. WhitmanD. Hawthorne(104)39. ―The Birthmark‖ drives home symbolically Hawthorne‘s point that ______ isman‘s birthmark, something he is born with.2A. purityB. generosityC. evilD. love（107）40. The Blithedale Romance is a novel ______ wrote to reveal his own experiences onthe Brook Farm and his own methods as a psychological novelist.1A. Herman MelvilleB. Nathaniel HawthorneC. Washington IrvingD. Walt Whitman（107）2 Whitman26.Walt whitman was a pioneering figure of American poetry. His innovation first ofall lies in his use of __,poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.A.blank verseB.heroic coupletC.free verseD.iambic pentameter(024)31.Whitman‘s poems are characterized by all the following features except.[A]a strict poetic form[B]a simple and conversational language[C]a free and natural rhythmic pattern[D]an easy flow of feelings(034)26.Whitman‘s poems are characterized by all the following features EXCEPT ______ . (044) 5A. the strict poetic formB. the free and natural rhythmC. the easy flow of feelingsD. the simple and conversational language23．Walt Whitman, whose ______________ established him as the most popular American poet of the 19th century.A．Leaves of Grass B．Go Down, MosesC．The Marble Faun D．As I Lay Dying（074）31．Which of the following statements might be true of the theme of ―Song of Myself‖ by Whitman?4A．This poem describes the growth of a child who learned about the world around him and improved himself accordingly.B．This poem shows the author‘s cynical sentiments against the American Civil War. C．This poem reflects the author‘s belief in Unitarianism or Deism.D．This poem reflects the au thor‘s belief in the singularity and equality of all beings in value. （074）37．As ______ saw it, poetry could play a vital part in the process of creating a new nation. It could enable Americans to celebrate their release from the Old World and the colonial rule.A．Wordsworth Longfellow B．William BryantC．Walt Whitman D．Robert Frost（084）38．Walt Whitman is a poet with a strong sense of mission, having devoted all his life to the creation of the ―single‖ poem, ______.A．The Love Song of J．Alfred Prufrock B．The Waste LandC．Murder in the Cathedral D．Leaves of Grass（084）29.What Walt Whitman prefers for his new subject and new poetic feelings is ―______，‖that is，poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme．A. fixed verseB. free verseC. fixed endingD. free ending(087)32.What Whitman prefers for his new subject and new poetic feelings is ―______ ,‖that is, poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.A. blank verseB. free rhythmC. balanced structureD. free verse(094)26. By means o f ―_____,‖ Whitman believed, he has turned the poem into an open field, an area of vital possibility where the reader can allow his own imagination to play. 3A. balanced structureB. free verseC. fixed verseD. regular rhythm（097）24. The author of Leaves of Grass , a giant of American letters, is ______.A. FaulknerB. DreiserC. JamesD. Whitman(104)39. In his poetry, Whitman shows concern for ______ and the burgeoning life of cities.A. the colonistsB. the capitalistsC. the whole hard -working peopleD. the intellectuals(104)23. Two people could be ―twain yet one‖ : their paths could be different, and yet theycould achieve a kind of transcendent contact, ______ believed. 2A. Walt WhitmanB. Ezra PoundC. Washington IrvingD. Nathaniel Hawthorne（107）30. Walt Whitman ‘s ______ is a collection of poems incorporating his emotions andfeelings before and during the Civil War when he stood firmly on the side of the North. 1A. Leaves of GrassB. ―Cavalry Crossing a Ford‖C. ―Song of Myself‖D. Drum Taps（107）3Melville27. ―Then all collapsed, and the great shroud of the sea rolled on as it rolled five thousand years ago.‖ In the quoted sentence, the author might imply that ______.(044) 5A. nothing changes in the 5000 years of human historyB. ma n‘s desire to conquer nature can only end in his own destructionC. nature is evil as it was 5000 years agoD. nature has the ultimate creative power30. Beside symbolism, all the following qualities EXCEPT ______are fused to make Melville‘s Moby-Dick a world classic.4A. narrative powerB. psychological analysis(044)C. speculative agilityD. optimistic view of life37.Like Nathaniel Hawthorne,（）also manages to achieve the effect of ambiguity through symbolism and allegory in his narratives.A. Mark TwainB. Henry JamesC. R. W. EmersonD. Herman Melville(054)39.In Moby-Dick, the white whale symbolizes（）for Melville, for it is complex, unfathomable, malignant, and beautiful as well.3A. natureB. human societyC. whaling industryD. truth(057)32．In Moby—Dick, the white whale symbolizes ______________ for Melville, for it is complex, unfathomable, malignant, and beautiful as well.A．nature B．human societyC．whaling industry D．truth（074）25．Herman Melville wrote his semi-autobiographical novel ______ concerning the sufferings of a genteel youth among brutal sailors.2A．Typee B．RedburnC．Moby-Dick D．Mardi（084）31．The white whale, Moby Dick, symbolizes ________ for Melville, for it is complex, unfathomable, malignant, and beautiful as well.A．society B．natureC．ocean animals D．both A and C （084）30. By writing _______ Melville reached the most flourishing stage of his literary creativity.A. TypeeB. OmooC. MardiD. Moby-Dick(087)27. In 1849, Herman Melville published ______ ,a semi-autobiographical novel, con-cerning the sufferings of a genteel youth among brutal sailors.A. OmooB. MardiC. RedburnD. Typee(094)38. By writing Moby - Dick, _______ reached the most flourishing stage of his literary creativity.A. Herman MelvilleB. Edgar Ellen PoeC. William FaulknerD. Theodore Dreiser（097）26. Melville is best - known as the author of his mighty book, ________, which is one of the world‘ s greatest masterpieces.A. Song of MyselfB. Moby - DickC. The Marble FaunD. Mosses from an Old Manse(104)27. In 1841, ______ went to the South Seas on a whaling ship, where he gained thefirst- hand information about whaling that he used later in Moby -Dick.A. Herman MelvilleB. Nathaniel HawthorneC. Robert Lee FrostD.T.S. Eliot（107）33. In Moby-Dick, for the character Ahab, the white whale represents only ______.1A. evilB. natureC. societyD. purity（107）34. Melville‘s semi- autobiographical novel, ______, concerns the sufferings of agenteel youth among brutal sailors.A. Moby-DickB. RedburnC. MardiD. Typee（107）PART TWOⅡ.Reading Comprehension (16 points, 4 for each)Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.1 Hawthorne43.―‗Faith! Faith!‘cried the husband. ‗Look up to Heaven, and resis t the Wicked One.‘‖Questions:A.Identify the work and the author.B.What idea does the quoted sentence express? (054)43. A. Nathaniel Hawthorne; ―Young Goodman Brown‖B. Goodman Brown here is obviously addressing the image of his wife, urging herto resist the devil. At the same time he is exhorting himself to have faith, to look heavenward, to withstand the infernal eloquence of the Wicked One.Whitman44.―I celebrate myself, and sing myself,And what I assume you shall assume,For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.I loafe and invite my soul,I lean and loafe at my ease observing a spear of summer grass.‖(From Walt Whitman‘s ―Song of Myself‖)Questions:A. Who does―myself‖refer to ?B. How do you understand the line―I loafe and invite my soul?‖C. What does―a spear of summer grass‖symbolize? (057)44．―I celebrate myself, and sing myself,And what I assume you shall assume,For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.I loafe and invite my soul,I learn and loafe at my ease observ ing a spear of summer grass.‖(from Walt Whitman‘s ―Song of Myself‖)Questions:A．Whom does ―myself‖ refer to?B．How do you understand the line ―I loafe and invite my soul‖?C．What does ―a spear of summer grass‖ indicate?（084）43. ―My tongue，every atom of my blood，form‘d from this soil，this air,Born here of parents born here from parents the same，and theirparents the same，I，now thirty-seven years old in perfect health begin，Hoping to cease not till death‖Questions：A. Identify the poet and the poem from which the quoted lines are taken.B. What do ―soil‖ and ―air‖ represent in the first line?C. What does the poet try to say in the above four lines? (087)43. A. Walt Whitman, ―Song of Myself‖B. His native land, America or His countryC. I was born and nurtured by this land and shall from now on devote my wholelife to the country.43．There was a child went forth every day,And the first object he look'd upon, that object he became,And that object became part of him for the day or a certain part of the day,Or for many years or stretching cycles of years.Questions:A. Identify the poet.B. From which poem and which collection of the poet are these lines taken?C. What does the poet describe in the poem? (094)43. A. Walt whitman.B. ―There Was a Child Went Forth‖ from Leaves of Grass.C. The poem describes the growth of a child who learned about the world aroundhim and improved himself accordingly. In the poem, Whitman‘s own early experience may well be identified with the childhood of a young, growing America.44. (A lot of common objects have been enumerated in the previous lines, and hereare the last two lines of the poem. )―The horizon‘s edge, the flying sea - crow, the fragrance of salt marsh and shore mud.These became part of that child who went forth every day, and who now goes, and will always go forth every day. ‖Questions:A. Who is the author of this poem? What is the title of the poem?B. What does the child stand for in the poem?C. How do you understand ― These became part of the child‖ ?（107）44. A. Walt whitman. ―There Was a Child Went Forth‖B. the young, growing America.C. The common objects in the poem reflect the natural process of a boy‘s growth.Ⅲ.Questions and Answers(24 points in all, 6 for each)Give brief answers to each of the following questions in English.Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.Hawthorne48. ―Young Goodman Brown‖ is one of Hawthorne‘s most profound tales.What is the allegorical meaning of Brown, the protagonist? What does Hawthorne set out to prove in this tale? How does Melville comment on Hawthorne‘s manner of concerning with guilt and evil?（107）4848. A. Allegorically, the protagonist becomes an everyman named Brown, a ―young‖man, who will be aged in one night by an adventure that makes everyone in this world a fallen idol.B. He sets out to prove that everyone possesses some evil secret.C. Melville calls it the ―power of blackness‖.Whitman47. Whitman has made radical changes in the form of poetry by choosing free verse as his medium of expression. What are the characteristics of Whitman‘s free verse? (054) 4747. A. It doesn‘t have fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.B. The poetic lines are simple and prose-like, varying in length, which allows himto express his ideas freely.C. Whitman also applies oral English in his free verse to make it an effective wayto express freely the feelings of common people.Melville47. The white whale, Moby Dick, is the most important symbol in Melville's novel.What symbolic meaning can you draw from it? (024)47. A. To Ahab, the whale is either an evil creature itself or the agent of an evil forcethat controls the universe, or perhaps both.B. To Ishmale, the whale is an astonishing force, an immense power, which defiesrational explanation due to a sense of mystery it carries. It is beautiful, but malignant at the same time. It also represents the tremendous organic vitality of the universe, for it has a life force that surges onward irresistibly, impervious to the desires or wills of men.C. As to the reader, the whale can be viewed as a symbol of the physical limitsthat life imposes upon man. It may also be regarded as a symbol of nature, or an instrument of God's vengeance upon evil man. In general, the multiplicity and ambivalence of the symbolic meaning of the whale is such that it becomesa source of intense speculation, an object or profound curiosity for the reader.Ⅳ.Topic Discussion(20 points in all, 10 for each)Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.Melville50.Retell in a few sentences the story of the last chapter (Ch, 135) ―The Chase－ThirdDay‖ of Melville‘s novel Moby-Dick. Discuss the meaning of the ending of the story. (034) 5050. The story of Moby-Dick is simple, telling the battle between Ahab, captain of thewhaling ship Pequod and the monstrous white whale Moby Dick. Ahab is obsessed by his determination to revenge himself upon the fierce, cunning whale, because it has crippled him. After many days of search and pursuit, the white whale is finally sighted. Chapter 135 is a description of the third day‘s chase.Three boats have been lowered in chase of the whale, but two of them are later destroyed by the whale. Although the whale is harpooned at last, the ship is sunk and all the people aboard are drowned except Ishmale, the narrator of the story who happens to be rescued by another whale ship. Moby-Dick is not merely a whaling tale or sea adventure. It is a tragic epic. The voyage the Pequod has made is a symbolic voyage of the mind in quest of the truth and knowledge of the universe, a spiritual exploration into man‘s deep reality and psychology. The battle between Ahab and the white whale symbolizes the struggle between man and nature, man and fate, good and evil.Hawthorne50. ―My faith is gone!‖ cried he (Goodman Brown), after one stupefied moment. ―There is no good on earth; and sin is but a name. Come, devil! For to thee is this world given.‖Comment on this passage from Hawthorne‘s ―Young Goodman Brown‖. (044) 50. A. Goodman Brown utters this cry when he finds his wife Faith, together with lotsof prominent of the village and the church, attending a witches‘ Sabbath inthe woods.B. His cry shows great surprise and disillusionment. Thereafter, he becomesdistrustful and doubtful. He lives a dismal and gloomy life because he is never able to believe in goodness or piety again. Here the author makes a pun of the word ―faith‖. Goodman Brown los es not only his faith in religion and life, but also his faith in his wife, for his wife‘s name is Faith.C. From this story, we also can see that Howthorne is a great allegorist and a masterof symbolism. The story itself is an allegory and is full of symbols such as the forest, the night, the snake and the pink ribbon.50．― ‗My faith is gone!‘ cried he（Goodman Brown）,after one stupefied moment.‗There is no good on earth; and sin is but a name. Come, devil! For to thee is this world given.‘ ‖（from Nathani el Hawthorne‘s ―Young Goodman Brown‖）Make a comment on this passage.（084）50. A. Goodman Brown utters this cry when he finds his wife Faith, together with lotsof prominent people of the village and the church, attending a witches‘sSabbath in the woods.B. His cry shows his great surprise and disillusionment. Thereafter, he becomesdistrustful and doubtful. He lives a dismal and gloomy life because he is never able to believe in goodness or piety again. Here the author makes a pun of the word ―faith‖. Fo odman Brown loses not only his faith in religion and life, but also is faith in his wife, for his wife‘s name in Faith.C. From this story, we can also see that Hawthorne is a great allegorist and amaster of symbolism. The story itself is an allegory and is ful of symbols such as the forest, the snake, and the pink ribbon.00. The most clearly defined literary movement in Romantic period is New England Transcendentalism. Please make a comment on this philosophical and literary school. (047)。

英美概况美国历史练习题I. Multiple Choices1. The history of the U.S. is generally agreed to have begun in _____.A. 1620B. 1607C. 17762. The following states are among the first thirteen colonies except _____.A. MarylandB. South CarolinaC. DelawareD. Colorado3. _____ was the first man who sailed around the earth.A. John CabotB. MagellanC. BalboaD. Cartier4. The colonial life can be described as the following except _____.A. simpleB. easyC. roughD. hard5. The Stamp Act was passed in _____ and was repealed in _____.A. 1765, 1766B. 1764, 1765C. 1763, 17646. The First Continental Congress was held in _____ in September, 1774.A. PhiladelphiaB. BostonC. New York7. The American War of Independence started in _____ and ended in _____.A. 1776, 1784B. 1775, 1783C. 1706, 17148. Washington won the great victory on December 26, 1776 in _____.A. GettysburgB. PittsburghC. Trenton9. The battle of _____ marked the turning point of the War of Independence.A. New YorkB. SaratogaC. Bunker Hill10. On October 19th, 1781, the British General Cornwallis and his 7,000 men surrendered at _____.A. YorktownB. BostonC. Charleston11. The Constitutional Convention was held in 1787 to revise _____.A. The Articles of the ConfederationB. Bill of RightsC. Civil Rights12. The first ten amendments, known as _____, were added to the Constitution in 1791.A. the Bill of RightsB. the ArticlesC. Civil Rights13. After the Federal Government was established, the city _____ was chosen as the capital for the time being.A. WashingtonB. New YorkC. Philadelphia14. The pamphlet "Common Sense" was written by _____.A. Thomas EdisonB. Thomas PaineC. Thomas Jefferson15. The Second President John Adams adopted a high-handed policy which was called _____.A. the "Intolerable Acts"B. Un-American ActivitiesC. the Sedition Act16. The greatest contribution made by President Thomas Jefferson was his _____.A. abolishing the Sedition ActB. reducing taxesC. purchasing Louisiana from France17. The Second Anti-English War broke out in _____ and ended in _____. The U.S.won the war.A. 1812, 1814B. 1813, 1815C. 1814, 181618. As the result of the U.S.-Mexican War, nearly _____ of the entire territory of Mexico was lost.A. 1/4B. 1/2C. 1/319. In 1844 the U.S. forced the Chinese Government to sign the first unequal treaty of _____.A. WangxiaB. NanjingC. Tianjin20. The Articles of Confederation was accepted by all the _____ states in _____.A. 50, 1781B. 13, 1781C. 13, 178721. _____ was chosen as the capital for the time being in Washington's administration.A. New YorkB. ChicagoC. Boston22. It was _____ who advanced four plans which met bitter criticisms from many people.A. Alexander HamiltonB. Thomas JeffersonC. George Washington23. _____ was the first American President who was inaugurated in the city of Washington.A. John AdamsB. Thomas JeffersonC. James Madison24. The War with England between 1812 and 1814 happened during the administration of President _____.A. James MadisonB. James MonroeC. John Adams25. The _____ stopped the Holy Alliance's program, and prevented the European countries from extending their influence.A. Monroe DoctrineB. Sedition ActC. Holy Alliance26. _____ was the first president who developed the power of veto into one of the means of making laws.A. John AdamsB. Andrew JacksonC. Andrew Johnson27. _____ made slavery possible in the new territories such as in Kentucky and Nebraska.A. Douglas BillB. Monroe DoctrineC. Sedition Act28. During the Civil War Lincoln issued the _____, which declared the abolition of slavery.A. Homestead BillB. Emancipation ProclamationC. Both A and B29. The Battle of _____ was the turning point of the American Civil War.A. Bull RunB. GettysburgC. Richmond30. The first imperialist war took place between the U.S. and _____ in 1898.A. BritainB. FranceC. Spain31. The first American President from the Republic Party is _____.A. Abraham LincolnB. Andrew JohnsonC. Thomas JeffersonD. George Washington32. In 1918 President _____ issued the "Fourteen Points".A. Woodrow WilsonB. William H. TaftC. Theodore RooseveltD. Warren G. Harding33. Haymarket Massacre took place in _____ in May 1886.A. New YorkB. ChicagoC. Washington34. In 1894, the American industrial production held the _____ place in the world.A. firstB. secondC. third35. McCarthy was notorious for his harsh _____ persecution of the progressive people.A. religiousB. spiritualC. political36. The Ku Klux Klan was the most notorious terrorist society which persecuted the _____.A. blacksB. IndiansC. progressive people37. On August 14, 1914, the U.S. and Britain issued a joint communiqué called _____.A. the Teheran DeclarationB. the Atlantic CharterC. the Washington Proclamation38. In Sino-American relations Theodore Roosevelt exercised the so-called "_____", invading China by means of both force and culture.A. Open Door PolicyB. Big StickC. Douglas Bill39. The First World War broke out on July 28th, _____ and ended on November 11th, _____, lasting for about four years.A. 1913, 1917B. 1914, 1918C. 1915, 191940. The two military alliances during WWI were the _____ and the _____.A. Axis, AlliesB. Holy Alliance, AxisC. Central Powers, Allies41. The assassination of a(n) _____ prince, Arch Duke Ferdinand, served as the direct fuse for the outbreak of WWI.A. AustraliaB. BelgiumC. Austria42. Altogether _____ countries became involved in or were dragged into WWI.A. 33B. 38C. 3943. The frequent emergence of the economic crisis in the U.S.A. led to the following disastrous effects except _____.A. inflationB. the rise of pricesC. the decrease of populationD. the decrease of the purchasing capacity44. In April 1945 a conference was held at _____ to organize the United Nations.A. San FranciscoB. New YorkC. Philadelphia45. _____ countries attended the conference of the foundling of the UN.A. 48B. 47C. 4546. At the _____ Conference, the heads of the Soviet Union, the U.S. and Britain discussed the problem of opening the second battlefield in Europe.A. YaltaB. TeheranC. Casablanca47. In July 1945, Britain, the U.S. and the Soviet Union met at Potsdam to formulate an occupation policy and set up a program for the future of Germany. The meeting was the famous _____ Conference.A. CairoB. TeheranC. PotsdamD. Quebec48. The two fighting sides in WWII were _____.A. the Allies and the Axis (powers)B. the Axis and Holy AllianceC. the Central Powers and the Allies49. The _____ was the treaty signed at Versailles, near Paris in France in 1919.A. Paris TreatyB. Versailles TreatyC. Teheran Treaty50. The meeting was held at Yalta in the Crimea of the Soviet Union in Feb, 1945. At the meeting many matters were discussed, including the final defeat of Germany, the demilitarization of Germany, the founding of the U.N. etc., this was the famous _____ Conference.A. YaltaB. TeheranC. Potsdam51. The Communist Party of the US was founded in _____.A. 1920B. 1918C. 191952. The U.S. Communist Party was re-established in 1945 with _____ as its general secretary.A. LevestoneB. William FosterC. Earl Browder53. The Great Depression of _____ to shook the US and the whole capitalist world to its foundations.A. 1929, 1933B. 1933, 1937C. 1924, 192954. The programmer of 1947 that America would offer its money supplies and machinery to any European nation that wished to participate in was called _____.A. Eisenhower DoctrineB. Marshall PlanC. Truman Doctrine55. The _____ broke out in June 1950 and ended in the summer of 1953.A. Vietnam WarB. Cold WarC. Korean War56. In April 1949 twelve nations established the NATO to coordinate the military actions of member nations against the _____.A. GermanyB. JapanC. Soviet Union57. The Second World War broke out in September, _____ and ended in August _____.A. 1939, 1945B. 1937, 1943C. 1938, 194558. After WWII there emerged a new balance of power between _____ and _____.A. the Allies, the Axis PowersB. the USSR, the USAC. the old capitalist countries, the new ones59. There occurred _____ economic crises from the end of WWII to the middle of the 1970's.A. sixB. fiveC. seven60. The President Franklin D. Roosevelt proposed a policy called _____ to save the economic situation.A. Good NeighborB. the Open Door PolicyC. the New Deal61. The Battle of _____ took place in 1942 and it was the turning point of the Pacific area.A. Midway IslandB. BritainC. Normandy62. In Feb. _____ came President Nixon's historic visit to China.A. 1979B. 1972C. 197363. In 1953, _____ ended in the failure of the U.S.A. the Korean WarB. the Vietnam WarC. the US-Spanish War64. On December 7th, 1941, the base of the American Pacific Fleet, Pearl Harbor, was suddenly attacked by the _____ air force and navy.A. SpanishB. FrenchC. Japanese65. The original Union consists of _____ at the time of its independence.A. 13B. 50C. 4866. The first thirteen states of the US mainly located _____ seaboard.A. the easternB. the westernC. the northern67. _____ appointed many of the colonial governors.A. The English KingB. the local governmentC. the local people68. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by a committee including _____ as head.A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. both A and B69. _____ was the British king when colonial Americans declared their independence.A. King George IB. King George IIIC. King George II70. In 1945 a conference was held in _____ to found the United Nations.A. San FranciscoB. ChicagoC. New York71. President Nixon visited China in _____.A. 1973B. 1974C. 197272. _____ was the only American president who was re-elected three times in succession.A. Theodore RooseveltB. George WashingtonC. FranklinD. Roosevelt D. Thomas Jefferson73. The city's name "Philadelphia" means _____.A. brotherly loveB. fishing pitC. philosophy答案：1-5 BDBBA 6-10ABCBA 11-15AABBC 16-20CABAB 21-25AABAA 26-30BABBC 30-35AABAC 36-40ABABC 41-45CBCAA 46-50BCABA 51-55CBABC 56-60CABAC 61-65 ABACA 66-70AABBA 71-73CCA。

美国奴隶制起源-讲稿The Beginning of Slavery in America 美国奴隶制起源Hello, everyone!It is known that racial discrimination against the black people is an old problem in America which can be traced back to the colonial period. It was the dispute over Negro slavery that touched off the American Civil War in 1862.Slavery developed almost side by side with the English-American colonies. After the colonists reached the New World, they found that one of the problems to be solved was the shortage of labor. The first blacks were brought into the colonies in 1619. Within a few decades, the demand for cheap labor led to a large slave trade. After tobacco was successfully planted and more rich people arrived in the colonies, especially in the South, the problem of labor shortage became acute. European adventurers began to capture Negroes in Western Africa and transported them to America. The slave traders, many of whom were from New England, made a big profit from what was called the triangular trade between Europe, Africa and America. Plantation owners of the South got the cheap labor they needed. The number of Negro slaves increased very quickly before America won its independence.After the Independence War, Britain shifted much of its trade to other colonies. The price of tobacco fell sharply in America. Slave labor became less profitable and began to decline.Before long, America began its industrial revolution and the cotton gin was invented in 1793. The revolutionized cotton textile industry increased the demand for cotton. T o increase the production of cotton, cheap labor was needed. As a result, thenumber of Negro slaves stopped falling and black slavery revived. Since the South had abundant and suitable land for farming and thus needed a lot labor, many slaves were bought by those plantationers. Moreover, the Blacks cannot endure the bitter cold in the North. That is why large numbers of blacks were in the South. By 1860, there were about 3 million Negro slaves in the South who made up about one-third of the total population of the South.Before the Civil War, more than 98% of the American Negroes were in the South. An average Southern plantation was about 1000 acres with 100 slaves. They fed on horrible food which was made in the central kitchen or in the black slaves’cabins. They had to toil all day long in the cotton fields, eating their noon-day meals in the fields.Black slaves were supervised by the cold-blooded overseers. Slave owners could beat, sell, or kill a slave without violating the law. Negro families were often broken when the master sold some of his slaves. Marriage of the slaves were regarded by the slave owner as a means to produce more slaves. A slave owner could buy a man slave and marry him to a woman slave or vice versa. No slave was allowed to go out his master’plantation unless he had obtained a written permission from his master. There were professional slave captors who would hunt down any slave in escape. The law did not allow anyone to teach the blacks how to read and write. It is no exaggeration to say that the Negro slaves were treated as farm animals. The only difference was that they could think and speak. If you want to know more about the miserable life of slaves, you can re ad Mrs. Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin or Solomon Northup’s 12 Years A Slave. The conflicts between the South and the North concerning slavery led to theAmerican Civil War. We’re going to discuss that next session. Thank you.。

绪论单元测试1.How many periods can be divided in American literary history?A:6B:1C:2D:3答案:A2.Who is a writer in the American colonial period?A:EdwardsB:PoundC:MelvilleD:Hawthorne答案:A3.The representative of American local colorism isA:WilliamsB:CooperC:Mark TwainD:Eliot答案:C4.T.S.Eliot is an American author.A:对B:错答案:A5.American Romanticism stretches from 1800 to 1865.A:对B:错答案:A第一章测试1.The first settlers who became the founding fathers of the American nationwere quite a few of them_____.A:QuakersB:AnglicansC:CatholicsD:Puritans答案:D2.It is a critical commonplace now that American literature is based on a myth,that is, ________.A: The ancient Greek myth of ZeusB:The British myth of the Saint GrailC:The Biblical myth of the Garden of EdenD:The legend of the sleepy Hollow答案:C3.Puritans were idealists, believing the church should be restored to complete“purity” and dreaming that they would build the new land to an Eden onearth.A:对B:错答案:A4.American Puritanism was one of the most enduring shaping influences inAmerican thought and American literature.A:错B:对答案:B5.The settlement of the North American continent by the English began in theearly part of 18 century.A:错B:对答案:A第二章测试1.The first symbol of self-made American man is___A:JeffersonB:WashingtonC:FranklinD:Irving答案:C2.In 18th century, ____was the last great voice of theCalvinist stance.A:BradstreetB:EdwardC:CooperD:Benjamin Franklin答案:D3.In“the Great Awakening”, ____was the last great voice toreannounce theCalvinist stanceA: EdwardB:CooperC:BradstreetD:BenjaminFranklin答案:D4.Eighteenth-century American thinking was dominated, by and large, by 2patterns of thought.A:对B:错答案:A第三章测试1.The Romantic Period in the history of American literature started with thep ublication of Washington Irving’s _________ and ended with Whitman’sLeaves of Grass.A:The Sketch BookB:Drum TapsC:WaldenD:Song of Myself答案:A2.Which of the following statements about the Romantic period in the historyof American literature is NOT true?A:In most of the American writings of this period there was a new emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature.B:Most heroes and heroines in the writings of this period exhibited extremes of reason and nationality.C:The writers of this period placed an increasing emphasis on the freeexpression of emotions and displayed an increasing attention to the psychic states of their characters.D:There was a strong tendency to exalt the individual and the common man.答案:B3.The New England Transcendentalism was from the very beginning a localphenomenon restricted only to those people living in New England, whocarried out the movement as a reaction against the cold, rigid rationalism of _________ in Boston. （）A:UnitarianismB:ClassicismC:PuritanismD:Calvinism答案:C4.As one of Hawthorne’s most profound tales, Young Goodman Brown iswritten in the manner of its concern with_________. （）A:guilt and evilB: moral and corruptionC:destruction and hopeD:good and bad答案:A5.Which of the following is NOT among the artistic features of Whitman’swriting?（）A:The use of the poetic “I”B:Free verseC:AllegoryD:Musicality and rhythm答案:C第四章测试1.Stylistically, Henry James’ fiction is characterized by____________.A:short, clear sentencesB:highly refined languageC:abundance of local imagesD:ordinary American speech答案:B2.One of the characteristics that have made Mark Twain a major literary figurein the 19th century America is his use of____________ .A: point of viewB:vernacularC:photographic descriptionD:interior monologue答案:B3.Which of the following is right about Mark Twain’s language?A:His sentence structures are short, ungrammatical and difficult to read.B:His words are fomal.C:His style of language hadn’t exerted rather deep influence on thecontemporary writers.D:His seldom use humor.答案:A4.Which of the following is not right about Mark Twain’s style of language?A:His humor is remarkable and characterized by puns, straight-facedexaggeration， repetition and anti-climax.B:His style of language had exerted rather deep influence on thecontemporary writers.C:His words are colloquial, concrete and direct in effect.D:His sentence structures are long, ungrammatical and difficult to read.答案:D5.With Howells, James, and Mark Twain active on the literary scene,______became the major trend in American literature in the seventies andeighties of the 19th century．A: SentimentalismB:NaturalismC:RomanticismD:Realism答案:D第五章测试1. Apart from the dislocation of time and the modern stream-of-consciousness, the other narrative techniques Faulkner used to construct hisstories include_________, symbolism and mythological and biblical allusions.A:mutiple points of viewB:expressionismC: impressionismD: first person point of view答案:A2. In the first part of the 20th century，apart from Darwinism, there were twothinkers -______， whose ideas had the greatest impact on the period.A: the German Karl Marx and the American Sigmund FreudB:the Austrian Karl Marx and the German Sigmund FreudC:the German Karl Marx and the Austrian Sigmund FreudD:the Swiss Carl Jung and the American William James答案:C3.Which of the following statements can be said about the works of ScottFitzgerald, a spokesman of the “Roaring 20s”?A:They show the primitive struggle of individuals in the context ofirresistible natural forces.B:They penetrate into the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself.C:Many of them portrayed the hollowness of the American worship of riches and the unending American dream of fulfillment.D:They are symbolic of the psychological journey of the modern man and his helplessness in the modern world.答案:D4.Which of the following statements is right about the novel A Farewell toArms?A:The author emphasizes his belief that man is trapped both physically and mentally and suggests that man is doomed to be entrapped.B: It tells a story about the tragic love affair of a wounded American soldier with an Italian nurse.C:The author attempted to write the epitaph to a decade and to the whole generation in the 1930s.D:The author favored the idea of nature as an expression of either god’sdesign or his beneficence.答案:A5.To Faulkner, the primary duty of a writer was to explore and represent theinfinite possibilities inherent in human life. Therefore a writer should ______.A: both A and B.B: observe at a great distance and sometimes participate in the events.C:observe with no judgment whatsoever.D: reduce authorial intrusion to the lowest minimum.答案:A第六章测试1.The Cold War happened in 1950s.A:错B:对答案:B2.One of the most ambitious writers of this period is J.D.Salinger.A:对B:错答案:A3.J.D.Salinger only wrote one novel and became famous for it.A:对B:错答案:A4.Salinger was born into a Jewish middle class family.A:错B:对答案:B5.The Catcher in the Rye ralates the painful story of a high-school boy growingup in the world of decadent New York.A:对B:错答案:A。