2018版高考英语二轮教师用书：第1部分 专题3 技法6 利用语法和句法结构解题含解析

技法2| 依据文中和选项中的“词汇”线索1．连接性词语连接性的词语可表明段落间、句际间的语义逻辑关系。

例如：(1)承接关系：so，therefore，thus，consequently等；(2)并列关系：first，second；firstly，secondly；first，next，then；in the first place，in the second place；for one thing，for another等；(3)转折关系：however，though，yet，in spite of，in any case，whoever，whatever，on the contrary，otherwise等；(4)对比关系：in contrast，in comparison，on the other hand等；(5)层递关系：also，furthermore，similarly，in addition，what's more等。

[考题回放](2016·北京高考)Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward，the risk seems worth taking. 71 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us.Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.F．However，we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.[思路分析]空格前说“因为当我们权衡风险和回报时，风险好像是值得的”，由weigh the risk and the reward可锁定F项中的weigh risks and rewards，F项意为“然而，我们并不是都用同样的参考标准来衡量风险和回报”，符合上下文语境，为转折关系。

技法3| 利用词语习惯搭配解题(对应学生用书第37页)完形填空经常在文章中考查词语的习惯搭配，主要考查动词与名词、代词之间，动词、名词、形容词与介词之间的搭配。

熟悉并掌握固定搭配是解题的重要手段。

[典例1] (2017·江苏高考卷)This meant，of course，that he arrived at school early in the morning，dragging his heavy instrument case across the campus to the pitying looks of the non­musicians he had left ________．A．over B．aside C．behind D．outC[这当然意味着他早晨要早点到学校学习，拖着沉重的乐器箱子，接受他已经不再有的同情学音乐的学生的那种目光。

][点拨]leave ...behind表示“把……抛在后面”，是固定搭配。

[典例2] (2016·江苏高考卷)And that's when it ________ me.I wasn't doing anything on purpose to make myself better.And at that moment，I made the decision：I will develop and follow a personal growth plan for my life.A．confused B．informed C．pleased D．hitD[库尔特的话使“我”突然醒悟。

hit使突然想起。

][点拨]when it hit me 表示“我突然想起这件事”，是固定搭配。

[典例3](2014·江苏高考卷)He withdrew from many school activities because he didn't have the time or the clothes.He had only one good suit.He tried________ the football team，but the coach turned him down for being too light.A．on B．for C．in D．withB[戴尔参加学校足球队的选拔遭到拒绝，原因是他体重不够。

模式3| 设空在段末[考题回放](2017·浙江6月卷)●When your boss or professor sends you out to do man­on­the­streetinterviews for a story，think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it.For example，if your topic is about environmental problems in America，you might ask，“Why do you think environmental protection is important in America？”32G．With a question like this，you will get more than a “Yes”or“No”reply.[思路分析]根据前面的develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it和you might ask...可知，G项“问这样的问题，你将会得到的不再仅仅是‘是’或‘否’的回答”是对前文内容的概括，符合语境。

2．段落过渡语句[考题回放](2016·浙江10月卷)Everyone wants to succeed in their life，don't they？Even as a teenager，you can achieve success in your life；it really isn't that hard. 31●Do well in school.No matter how boring it is now，education will helpyou be a productive member in society.Try your best for excellence in school；listen to the teachers，do your homework，study，and get good grades.Doing so will help you get into a better university，which will enable you to have a bright future.32.School sets you up on the right track!F．Here are some important points that you may find helpful.[思路分析]根据前面的内容可知，作为青少年你也能获得成功，它真的不难。

专题五书面表达(对应学生用书第93页)[题型攻略]读写任务6大解题技巧1．仔细阅读所给短文，抓住关键词一般而言，英语短文的主题句通常为首句或前两句，有时是首尾句。

只要抓住这些特征，也就抓住了短文的关键。

2．掌握内容要领，巧用同义词实际上就是要求学生根据所学英语知识灵活运用同义词或近义词，并用不同句式结构进行写作。

当然，表述主题思想时，写作角度也要作相应变化。

3．首段概要最好两句，抓主题弃细节主题思想点明短文主题是什么，主要涉及哪些内容。

一般而言，一个简单句和一个复合句即可。

首段写作是很讲究技巧的，一两句话的叙述要涵盖主要内容。

首段的主题思想写作技巧可概括为：究其重避其轻。

4．呈现观点讲策略，陈述举例得结论读写任务的写作必须分段进行。

首段——短文提要和概述；作文主体——自我陈述加例证；作文尾段——得出结论须点题。

所以，在陈述论点时要讲究写作策略，力求做到言之有理，论之有据；最后，尾段结论文字要能概括全文，叙述合情合理。

这种写作技巧可概括为：提要——论点——例证——结论。

其目的是：前后呼应，顺理成章，文脉流畅且滴水不漏。

5．复合句型运用得当，简单与复杂句式并用灵活运用英语句型是令作文增色的必备技巧，写作时宜采用长短句相结合的策略。

长短句相结合会令人产生简单句与复合句的间隔效应，给人一种小溪流水之势，时而急湍，时而平缓。

若整篇作文都用简单句，会让人觉得单调乏味；若全用复合句，会给人一种沉闷压抑的感觉。

因此，写作时把握好简单句型和复合句型的交互作用。

6．熟悉过渡连词的应用，褒贬使用有别连词的作用不可小视，连词在文章中起穿针引线的作用，使文句更显流畅。

连词应用得当合理，会使文章大放异彩，语气恰到好处，能更好地呈现作者情感的流露。

A(2017·江苏高考卷)请认真阅读下面有关我国电影票房收入(box-office income)的柱状图及相关文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。

Saturday Afternoon.In a Shopping Centre.Li Jiang：Hi，Su Hua.Which movie shall we see?Su Hua：Whatever. We've got so many choices，Kung Fu Yoga，Journey to the West...Each sounds great!Li Jiang：Yeah! And some movie stars are fantastic.Su Hua：And the high-tech！...Li Jiang：Perfect! Let's get some food first.We only have 20 minutes left.Su Hua：No hurry.The cinema is on the same floor.One Day in 2016.At Home.Son：Mum，shall we go and see a film tonight?Mother：Why bother? We can stay at home and watch films online.It's convenient with our new and faster network.Son：But it feels good in a cinema.Mother：And the price ...We have to pay 50 yuan a ticket.Son：Only 10 yuan more than last year.Mother：But still we cannot get the money's worth.Some films are just boring ... [写作内容]1．用约30个单词概述柱状图．．．信息的主要内容；2．我国电影票房收入变化的原因有哪些，简要谈谈你的看法(上述对话仅供参考，原因不少于两点)；3．谈谈你对我国电影票房收入走向的看法，并简要说明理由。

技法6| 利用语法和句法结构解题完形填空会有个别设空是考查在语境中灵活运用所学语法和句法结构的能力，辨析同义词、近义词的能力。

正确分析句子的语法成分和结构，具备扎实的词汇基础知识是解题的关键。

[例1](2016·浙江10月卷)After a long 51 —he said yes.He thought he would make more money if he gave them 52 food.I asked him，“Did you fool the chickens？”51.A.silence B.absenceC.negotiationD.preparation52.A.heavy B.fresherC.lessD.solid解析：根据前面的make more money可知，他认为如果给它们更少(less)的食物，他就会挣到更多的钱，故52题选C。

[例2](2015·天津高考)We finally did and it was 20 at first sight.It was Our Home，small and charming，overlooking a quiet lake.Walking through the rooms and talking with the owners，a nice elderly couple，we felt the warmth and 21 of the marriage within that home.As perfect as it was，the price remained too high for us.But every day，we would sit by the lake，looking at the house and dreaming of 22 it would be like to live there.20.A.relief B.concernC.loveD.curiosity21.A.pride B.happinessC.challengeD.desire22.A.which B.whyC.thatD.what解析：21题考查词义辨析，由空前的warmth and可知此空应该填与warmth并列的词且都是表积极态度的词，选项中只有happiness符合，故选B。

模式2| 无提示词[命题角度]1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over top.the[考查冠词。

此处特指“地铁的顶部”，故用定冠词the。

] 2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree engineering or architecture.in[考查介词。

关于某个专业的学位要用介词in。

a degree in engineering or architecture工程学或建筑学学位。

]3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both，is not good for the health.which[考查定语从句的关系词。

分析句子结构可知，空格处所填之词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，指代整个主句的内容，故填关系代词which。

]4．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)As result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.a[考查冠词。

as a result结果是，为固定搭配，故填a。

]5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25，000 people were using every day.it[考查代词。

技法3| 利用词语习惯搭配解题[解题技法分述]完形填空经常在文章中考查词语的习惯搭配，主要考查动词与名词、代词之间，动词、名词、形容词与介词之间的搭配。

熟悉并掌握固定搭配是解题的重要手段。

[经典案例分析][例1](2017·北京高考)There is an emergency shelter in Winnipeg called “Hannah's Place”，something that Hannah is very 49of.Hannah's Place is divided into several areas，providing shelter for people when it is so cold that 50 outdoors can mean death.In the more than five years since Hannah began her activities，she has received a lot of 51 ．For example，she received the 2007 BRICK Award recognizing the 52 of young people to change the world.But 53 all this，Hannah still has the 54 life of a Winnipeg schoolgirl，except that she pays regular visits to homeless people.Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making a 55 in the world.You can，too！49.A.aware B．afraid C．proud D．sure50．A.going B．sleeping C．travelling D．playing51．A.praises B．invitations C．replies D．appointments52．A.needs B．interests C．dreams D．efforts53．A.for B．through C．besides D．along54．A.healthy B．public C．normal D．tough55．A.choice B．profit C．judgement D．difference解析：根据下文的描述，Hannah's Place分布在好几个区，为流浪者提供了栖身之处，这是她感到自豪的事情，be proud of为……感到自豪，故49空选C；通过文中的描述可知，Hannah是一个通过自己的努力改变世界的年轻人，make a difference使有影响，使不同，故55空选D。

技法2| 引人入胜的开篇语[技法综述]常言道，好的开头是成功的一半。

一篇英语作文的开头如果写得好，就会给阅卷老师良好的印象，吸引他继续读下去。

1.如何写好开头？开头一般来说要做到开门见山，使读者了解文章要谈什么，最好能立刻引起读者的兴趣。

下面介绍几种常见的写法：(1) 背景法——说明事件发生的时间、地点、背景等Last Monday，my father said goodbye to my mother and me and went on a business trip.(2) 主题句法——提出一个观点或论据作为文章要阐明和论述的主题Old people can play an important role in our country，because they have experience，they are wiser，and they have enough time.(3) 问题法——用提出问题的方法来引出文章的内容，以吸引读者的注意力Why do we go to university？Different people have different opinions.(4) 引语法——摘录或引用某些名人的名言或常见的习语、谚语作为文章的开头There is an old English saying，“Gain time, ga in life.”Then what is time？Time is a kind of thing that we can't see or touch, but we can feel it pass by.(5) 数据法——引用已经证实的某些统计数字来引起话题The fact that less than 5% of the British population graduate from universities may seem surprising，especially compared with the American percentage of over 30%.(6) 实例法——通过一个实例或现象引出话题Nowadays，people in many big cities are complaining about heavy traffic.It has seriously influenced people's daily life and economic development.2.书信的开头近几年的高考书面表达以书信为主，英语书信的特点是开门见山，用简洁的语言引出文章的主题，使读者清楚文章要说什么。