最新高考语法突破四大篇第四部分专题并列句和状语从句讲义英语
- 格式:docx
- 大小:235.84 KB
- 文档页数:12
高考英语复习讲义并列句和从句的复习要点距离高考还有一段时间,不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生,愈是临近高考,能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节,态度是否主动积极,安排是否科学合理,能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战,其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料,希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率,希望对你有所帮助,有志者事竟成!养成良好的答题习惯,是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前,要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项,并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时,切忌跟着感觉走,最好按照题目序号来做,不会的或存在疑问的,要做好标记,要善于发现,找到题目的题眼所在,规范答题,书写工整;答题完毕时,要认真检查,查漏补缺,纠正错误。
总之,在最后的复习阶段,学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候,学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式,最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心,考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”,遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后,考生越要回归基础,单词最好再梳理一遍,这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
【构建知识体系】【英语学科素养解读】【解密新高考真题】——预测高考命题方向并列句和从句高考解密2023年命题解读和近三年考点分布_______ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.【答案】that【解析】考查定语从句关系词。
句意:该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护,并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。
设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句,先行词等于关系词,设空处在从句中作指物的主语,先行词为species,且先行词前为all修饰,只能用关系代词that。
高中英语语法专题知识点梳理总结与练习(并列句、定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句)简单句/并列句/复合句根据语法形式,即句子的结构,英语的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
一、简单句:简单句就是只含有一个主谓结构并且句子各成分都只由单词或短语构成的独立句子或分句。
在简单句中主语和谓语是句子的主干,是句子的核心。
简单句可归纳为五个基本句型。
1.主语+谓语(不及物动词)这一句型中的的谓语动词是不及物动词,没有宾语,但常带有状语。
The train will leave soon.2.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语这一句型中谓语动词是及物动词,它必须带有自己的宾语。
They want to have a rest.As an outgoing girl, I get along well with my classmates. 作为一名外向女孩,我和同学们相处的很好。
3.主语+系动词+表语This machine is in good condition.这台机器状况良好The garden smells pleasant. 这座花园香气怡人4.主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语该句型中的谓语动词为及物动词,必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。
一个是表示人的间接宾语;一个是表示物的直接宾语。
一般间接宾语在前面,直接宾语在后面。
该句型中常见谓语动词有:give, bring(带给某人某物), tell, send(送给某人某物),pass(递给某人某物),show(给某人看某物),etc.She brought me a shirt.Pass him the dictionary, please.5.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语该句型中谓语动词为及物动词,它后面跟了个复合宾语结构(即宾语+宾语补足语),宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况,直接跟在宾语后面。
在这一结构中,宾补与前面的宾语存在逻辑上的主谓关系或系表关系。
第12讲并列句和状语从句两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子叫做并列句,其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。
并列连词有:and, but, or, so等。
状语从句是在句子中起副词作用的句子。
根据状语从句在句中不同的作用可分为:时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、让步和比较状语从句。
并列连词和从属连词是高考的重要考点之一,在语法填空中通常以无提示词的方式进行考查,在短文改错中主要考查并列连词和从属连词的误用。
并列句和状语从句的考点如下:核心考点01考查并列连词并列连词是用来连接两个或多个并列的词、短语或句子的词,主要表示并列、选择、转折、因果等关系。
并列连词在句子中位置比较固定,必须位于所连接的并列单位之间;两个并列连词不能并用。
1.表示并列关系的连词表示并列关系的连词有and, both...and...,not only...but also...,neither...nor...等。
2.表示选择关系的连词表示选择关系的连词有or, either...or...等。
3.表示转折关系的连词表示转折关系的连词有but, yet, while等。
4.表示因果关系的连词表示因果关系的连词有for,so。
We listened eagerly, for he brought news of our families.5.when作并列连词的用法when除了作从属连词,引导时间状语从句外,还可作并列连词,其意义为“这时,那时”,相当于and at this/that time。
常用于下列句式:①sb. was doing sth. when...②sb. was about to/going to do sth. when...③sb. was on the point of doing sth. when...④sb. had just done sth. when...。
如:We were having a meeting when someone broke in.我们正在开会,这时有人闯了进来。
2020年高考语法考点讲解与真题分析04并列句和状语从句(一)并列句主要考查并列连词的使用。
并列连词可根据前后分句的关系及所需连词的意义进行选择。
在主句中作状语的句子叫状语从句。
状语从句中连接词的选择是状语从句考查的重点。
其次还考查状语从句的时态、倒装及省略等。
状语从句的连接词可根据主、从句的关系及所需连词的意义来选择。
考点一并列句连接并列句的并列连词主要有以下几类种类主要并列连词表示转折和对比关系but, yet, while, however表示因果关系for, so, therefore表示选择关系or, either…or, otherwise表示联合关系and, both…and, not only…but also, neither…nor, as well as1.—Peter, please send us postcards _______ we’ll know where you have visited.—No problem.A.butB. orC. forD. so【答案】D【解析】句意:彼得,请给我们寄明信片,这样我们就知道你去哪里旅游过。
前后是因果关系,故用so。
2. I am not afraid of tomorrow, ______ I have seen yesterday and I love today. (2016北京)A. soB. andC. forD. but【答案】C【解析】句意:我不怕明天,因为我经历了昨天,而且我热爱今天。
这里表示原因,故用for。
3. He is a shy man, _____he is not afraid of anything or anyone. (2015北京)A. soB. butC. orD. as【答案】B【解析】句意:他是给腼腆的人,但是他不怕任何事、任何人。
这里表示转折,故用but。
4. You have to move out of the way the truck cannot get past you. (2012全国I)A. soB. or C and D. but【答案】B【解析】句意:你必须让开,不让卡车过不去。
衡石量书整理第9讲并列句和状语从句Ⅰ. 语法填空1. (2020·全国Ⅰ卷)The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so than the familiar near side.2. (2020·全国Ⅲ卷)When/As he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.3. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help w ondering how long it would take to get there.Ⅰ. 语法填空五谨记1. 完整的句子中, 如果两个单词或短语并列, 要填并列连词;2. 若两个句子(两个主谓结构)之间没有句号或分号, 也没有连词, 空格处必定填连词;3. 牢记特殊句式中连词的运用;4. 全面掌握九大状语从句的连接词, 熟悉它们的用法;5. 准确判断主从句的逻辑关系, 同时要注意区分易混词。
Ⅱ. 短文改错1. (2020·全国Ⅰ卷)I waited patiently unless the oil was hot. (unless改为until/till)2. (2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Actually, I started to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, for I have long been out of practice. (for改为but/yet)3. (2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Then I can spare some time to learn it again, such that we can practice together every day. (such改为so)Ⅱ. 短文改错二定法1. 句间无连词, 增加连词;凡是两个句子间没有句号、分号, 又没有连词时, 一定是漏掉了连词, 要根据两句之间的意义关系或逻辑关系, 增加一个适当的连词。
专题3 并列句和状语从句框架结构图连词的分类连词常分为并列连词(也叫等立连词)和从属连词两大类。
并列句与并列连词的核心考点1.并列句的基本概念并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成的。
在并列句中,这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。
并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分句。
2.常见的并列连词(1)表示递进或顺承关系:常用的并列连词有and,not only...but (also)...等。
He had plenty of money and he spent it freely.Not only did he speak more correctly,but he (also) spoke more easily.(2)表示选择关系:常用的并列连词有or,either...or...等。
Either you are right,or I am.(3)表示转折关系:常用的并列连词有but,yet,whereas等。
Jane said she was ill,yet I saw her in the street just now.Some of the studies show positive results,whereas others do not.(4)表示因果关系:常用的并列连词有so,for等。
It must have rained last night,for it is wet all over.The shops were closed,so I didn’t get any milk.(5)when也可用作并列连词,意为“那时,这时”,相当于and at this/that time。
常用于下列句式:①sb.was doing sth.when...;②sb.was about to do/going to do/on the point of doing sth.when...;③sb.had (just) done sth.when...。
框架结构图连词的分类连词常分为并列连词(也叫等立连词)和从属连词两大类。
并列句与并列连词的核心考点1.并列句的基本概念并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成的。
在并列句中,这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。
并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分句。
2.常见的并列连词(1)表示递进或顺承关系:常用的并列连词有and,not only...but (also)...等。
He had plenty of money and he spent it freely.Not only did he speak more correctly,but he (also)spoke more easily.(2)表示选择关系:常用的并列连词有or,either...or...等。
Either you are right,or I am.(3)表示转折关系:常用的并列连词有but,yet,whereas等。
Jane said she was ill,yet I saw her in the street just now.Some of the studies show positive results,whereas others do not.(4)表示因果关系:常用的并列连词有so,for等。
It must have rained last night,for it is wet all over.The shops were closed,so I didn’t get any milk.(5)when也可用作并列连词,意为“那时,这时”,相当于and at this/that time。
常用于下列句式:1sB.was doing sth.when...;2sB.was about to do/going to do/on the point of doing sth.when...;3sB.had (just)done sth.when...。
We were having a meeting when someone broke in.We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain.(6)while作为并列连词,意为“而,却”,表示对比。
He likes pop music,while I am fond of folk musiC.从属连词与状语从句一、时间状语从句1.before引导的从句中不用否定式谓语。
常用如下句型:It will be long before...(得过好久才……)It will not be long before...(过不了多久就……)It was long before...(过了好久才……)It was not long before...(过了不久就……)2.since后面所用动词不同,该动词所表示动作持续时间的计算方法也不同。
错误!It is two years since he joined the army.他参军两年了。
It is two years since he smokeD.他戒烟两年了。
3.as,when,while用法一览表。
类别作用例句as as表示“当……的时候”,往往和when/while通用,但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。
She came up as I was cooking.(同时)The runners started as the gunwent off.(几乎同时)when (at or during the time that)既可以表示在某一点的时候,又可表示在某一段时间It was raining when we arriveD.(指时间点)4.引导时间状语从句的连接词除上述外还有:(1)till,not...until...,untilDon’t get off the bus until it has stoppeD.He waited for his father until/till it was twelve o’clock.(2)hardly/scarcely...when...,no sooner...than...表示“刚……就……”We had hardly got/Hardly had we got into the country when it began to rain.No sooner had he arrived/He had no sooner arrived than she started complaining.(3)directly,immediately,the moment,the minute,the instant,as soon as意为“一……就……”He made for the door directly he heard the knock.The moment he saw his mother,he burst into tears.(4)each time,every timeEach time he came to my city,he would call on me.二、让步状语从句1.although与though可以引导让步状语从句,不能与but连用,但可以与yet连用。
Although/Though they are poor,(yet)they are warm—hearteD.2.even if或even though引导让步状语从句,表示“即使”“纵然”,用来使人注意下文所强调内容的性质。
I’ll get there even if/though I have to sell my house to get enough money to go by air.3.no matter后接who,what,where,how等疑问词引导让步状语从句,也可以在这类疑问词后面加上—ever构成whoever,whatever,wherever,however等。
但在引导名词性从句时,只能用“疑问词+—ever”类词。
Don’t trust him,no matter what/whatever he says.I will eat whatever you give me.No matter how/However hard the work is,you’d better try to do it well.4.as也可以引导让步状语从句,需将从句中的表语、状语以及谓语中的实义动词提前至从句句首,引起倒装;作表语的单数可数名词前如有冠词,冠词需省去。
though引导的从句也可以倒装,但although 引导的不可以。
Child as/though he is,he knows a lot.Much as I like it,I won’t buy.Try as he would,he couldn’t lift the heavy box.5.while也可以引导让步状语从句,表示“尽管”,比though/although语气弱。
while引导的让步状语从句一般要位于句首。
三、原因状语从句:because,as,since,now that1.表示不知道的原因时用because,即说话人认为听话人不知道,因此because从句是全句最重要的部分,通常它被置于主句之后。
You want to know why I’m leaving?I’m leaving because I’m fed up with the boss.2.表示已经知道的原因时用as或since,即某种原因在说话人看来已经很明显,或已为听话人所熟悉,因此它是句中不太重要的部分。
since要比as正式一些,它们通常被置于主句之前,但有时却相反。
Seeing all of the children already seated,he said,“Since everyone is here,let’s start.”3.下列情况下只能使用because:(1)在回答why的问句时;(2)在用于强调句型时;(3)被not所否定时。
四、地点状语从句:where,wherever等Make a mark wherever you have any questions.We will go where the Party directs us.五、目的状语从句:that,so that,in order that注意:目的状语从句中的谓语动词常与情态动词连用,否则可能是结果状语从句,不可置于句首。
He got up early so that he could catch the early train.六、结果状语从句:that,so that,so...that...,such...that...注意:so+形容词/副词+that从句;such+名词+that从句。
She is so good that we all like her.He is such a good teacher that we all respect him.七、方式状语从句:as,as if/thoughI’ll do as I am tolD.It looks as if it is going to rain.八、条件状语从句:if,unless,so/as long as,in case,once,on condition that等You can use my bike as long as you return it on time.九、比较状语从句:than;(not)as/so...as...;not the same as; the+比较级,the+比较级He works as hard as others.We treat boys exactly the same as girls.The sun is much bigger than the earth.The more you eat,the fatter you will be.(一)在书面表达中往往缺乏并列句意识,主要存在以下两个方面的倾向:1.机械排列简单句I believe I am fit for it.I’m writing to apply for the position.如果我们把意义相关的这两个句子用适当的连词连接起来,可得到下面的句子:I believe I am fit for it,so I’m writing to apply for the position.比较一下,同学们是不是感觉后者要优于前者呢?并列连词的使用可增强句子之间的逻辑性和美感,使句子之间显得更加紧凑。