2015美国大学生数模竞赛C题翻译

2015年大学生英语竞赛（NECCS）C类决赛真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Listening Comperhension 2. V ocabulary and Structure 3. Cloze 4. Reading Comperhension 5. Error Correction 6. Translation 7. IQ Test 8. WritingPart I Listening ComperhensionSection A听力原文：W: I’m starting a yoga class tomorrow. Do you want to come?M: I’m not sure. In the photos I’ve seen, it looks kind of painful. Plus, the people are all so thin. W: Don’t worry about that. It’s a beginner’s class, so it will be really easy. And, it’s for people of every height and weight. Come on, give it a try.1．What does the man say about the yoga class?A．He is too thin for yoga practice.B．It is a bit too boring for him.C．It seems painful to practise yoga.D．He wants to attend a higher level class.正确答案：C解析：对话中女士问男士是否想要参加瑜伽课时，男士回答，“it looks kind of painful”，即他认为练瑜伽比较痛。

因此选择C项。

Problem A Warmer Days or Sour Grapes ?The high quality of wines（葡萄酒）produced in the Finger Lakes Region（五指湖区）of upstate （北部）New York is widely known. Proximity（接近）to lakes tempers the climate and makes it more suitable for growing several varieties of premium（独特）grapes: R iesling（雷司令）, G ewürztraminer（琼瑶浆）,C hardonnay（霞多丽）, M erlot（梅洛）, P inot Noir（黑比诺）, and CabernetF ranc（品丽珠）. (There are many more, but we will restrict（限制）the discussion to these six to simplify（简化）the modeling.) Each variety has its own preferred “average temperature” range but is also different in its susceptibility（感受性）to diseases and ability to withstand（抵抗）short periods of unusually cold temperature.As our local climate changes, the relative suitability of these varieties will be changing as well. A forward-looking winery（酒厂）has hired your team to help with the long-term planning. You will need to recommenda) the proportion（比例）of the total vineyard（葡萄园）to be used for growing each of the above six varieties;b) and when should these changes be implemented （实施）(based on observed temperatures and/or current market prices for each type of wine).Naturally, the winery is interested in maximizing its annual profit. But since the latter （后者）is weather-dependent, it might vary a lot year-to-year. You are also asked to evaluate the trade-offs （权衡）between optimizing the expected/average case versus the worst(-realistic-)scenario（情景）.Things to keep in mind:Climate modeling is complicated（复杂）and predicting the rate of “global warming” is a hotly debated area. For the purposes of this problem, assume that the annual average temperature in Ithaca（伊萨卡）, NY will increase by no more than 4°C by the end of this century.It is not all about the average temperature – a short snap（临时）of sub- zero（零度）temperature in late Ferburay or early March (after the vines already started getting used to warmer weather) is far more damaging than the same low temperature would be in the middle of the winter.It takes at least 3 years for a newly planted vine to start producing grapes suitable for winemaking.Problem B Outlook of Car-to-Car TechSAN FRANCISCO -- After more than a decade of research into car-to-car communications, U.S. auto safety regulators took a step forward today by unveiling their plan for requiring cars to have wireless gear that will enable them to warn drivers of danger.These vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) transmitters and software could save thousands of lives and prevent hundreds of thousands of crashes each year by providing cars with information they never will be able to gather simply from cameras and sensors. “Safety is our top priority, and V2V technology represents the next great advance in saving lives,” Transportation Secretary Anthony Foxx said in an announcement. “This technology could move us from helping people survive crashes to helping them avoid crashes altogether.”Requirement 1: Present a mathematical model to discuss the reduction of the number of traffic accidents and road fatalities/injuries in San Francisco by V2V technology. Requirement 2: Determine the maximum number of cars in San Francisco due to the V2V technology.Requirement 3: Discuss the benefits of V2V technology to alleviate road congestion. Requirement 4: Provide your recommendation to the government.Prblem C Forest FiresOne major environmental concern is the occurrence of forest fires (also called wildfires), which affect forest preservation, bring economical and ecological damage and endanger human lives. Such phenomenon is due to multiple causes (e.g. human negligence and lightnings). Despite an increasing of state expenses to control this disaster, each year millions of forest hectares (ha) are destroyed all around the world.Fast detection is an important element for successful firefighting. Traditional human surveillance is expensive and affected by subjective factors, there has been an emphasis to develop automatic solutions, such as satellite-based, infrared/smoke scanners and local sensors (e.g. meteorological). Propagation models try to describe the future evolution of the forest fire given an initial scenario and certain input parameters. Modeling the dynamical behavior of fire propagation in a forest is helpful for creating scheme to control and fight fire.Requirement 1 Describe several different metrics that could be used to evaluate the effectiveness of fire detection. Could you combine your metrics to make them even more useful for measuring quality?Requirement 2 Model the dynamical behavior of fire spread in a forest. Requirement 3 Discuss the factors to affect fire occurrence. Which factors are the most critical in causing fires. Build mathematical models to predict the burned area of fires using Meteorological Data.Requirement 4 Give y our suggestion for preventing from forest fire and fighting against it.Problem D Wearable Activity RecognitionThe percentage of EU citizens aged 65 years or over is projected to increase from 17.1% in 2008 to 30.0% in 2060. In particular, the number of 65 years old is projected to rise from 84.6 million to 151.5 million, while the number of people aged 80 or over is projected to almost triple from 21.8 million to 61.4 million (EUROSTAT: New European Population projections 2008–2060). It has been calculated that the purely demographic effect of an ageing population will push up health-care spending by between 1% and 2% of the gross domestic product (GDP) of most member states. At first sight this may not appear to be very much when extended over several decades, but on average it would in fact amount to approximately a 25% increase in spending on health care, as a share of GDP, in the next 50 years (European Economy Commission, 2006). The effective incorporation of technology into health-care systems could therefore be decisive in helping to decrease overall public spending on health. One of these emerging health-care systems is daily living physical activity recognition.Daily living physical activity recognition is currently being applied in chronic disease management (Amft & Troter, 2008; Zwartjes, Heida, van Vugt, Geelen, & Veltink, 2010), rehabilitation systems (Sazonov, Fulk, Sazonova, & Schuckers, 2009) and disease prevention (Sazonov, Fulk, Hill, Schutz, & Browning, 2011; Warren et al., 2010), as well as being a personal indicator to health status (Arcelus et al., 2009). One of the principal subjects of the health related applications being mooted is the monitoring of the elderly. For example, falls represent one of the major risks and obstacles to old people’s independence (Najafi, Aminian, Loew, Blanc, & Robert, 2002; Yu, 2008). This risk is increased when some kind of degenerative disease affects them. Most Alzheimer’s patients, for exa mple, spend a long time every day either sitting or lying down since they would otherwise need continuous vigilance and attention to avoid a fall.The registration of daily events, an important task in anticipating and/or detecting anomalous behavior patterns and a primary step towards carrying out proactive management and personalized treatment, is normally poorly accomplished by patients’ families, healthcare units or auxiliary assistants because of limitations in time and resources. Automatic activity-recognition systems could allow us to conduct a completely detailed monitoring and assessment of the individual, thus significantly reducing current human supervision requirements.Most wearable activity recognition systems assume a predefined sensor deployment that remains unchanged during runtime. However, this assumption does not reflect real-life conditions. During the normal use of such systems, users may place the sensors in a position different from the predefined sensor placement. Also, sensors may move from their original location to a different one, due to a loose attachment. Activity recognition systems trained on activity patterns characteristic of a given sensor deployment may likely fail due to sensor displacements.Your task is as follows.(1) Build models to recognize daily living activities.(2) Explore the effects of sensor displacement induced by both the intentionalmisplacement of sensors and self-placement by the user.(3) Verify your recognition models’ toleranc e to sensor displacement.Data Set Information:The REALDISP (REAListic sensor DISPlacement) dataset has been originally collected to investigate the effects of sensor displacement in the activity recognition process in real-world settings. It builds on the concept of ideal-placement, self-placement and induced- displacement. The ideal and mutual-displacement conditions represent extreme displacement variants and thus could represent boundary conditions for recognition algorithms. In contrast, self-placement reflects a users perception of how sensors could be attached, e.g., in a sports or lifestyle application. The dataset includes a wide range of physical activities (warm up, cool down and fitness exercises), sensor modalities (acceleration, rate of turn, magnetic field and quaternions) and participants (17 subjects). Apart from investigating sensor displacement, the dataset lend itself for benchmarking activity recognition techniques in ideal conditions.Dataset summary:#Activities: 33#Sensors: 9#Subjects: 17#Scenarios: 3ACTIVITY SET:A1: WalkingA2: JoggingA3: RunningA4: Jump upA5: Jump front & backA6: Jump sidewaysA7: Jump leg/arms open/closedA8: Jump ropeA9: Trunk twist (arms outstretched)A10: Trunk twist (elbows bent)A11: Waist bends forwardA12: Waist rotationA13: Waist bends (reach foot with opposite hand)A14: Reach heels backwardsA15: Lateral bend (10_ to the left + 10_ to the right)A16: Lateral bend with arm up (10_ to the left + 10_ to the right)A17: Repetitive forward stretchingA18: Upper trunk and lower body opposite twistA19: Lateral elevation of armsA20: Frontal elevation of armsA21: Frontal hand clapsA22: Frontal crossing of armsA23: Shoulders high-amplitude rotationA24: Shoulders low-amplitude rotationA25: Arms inner rotationA26: Knees (alternating) to the breastA27: Heels (alternating) to the backsideA28: Knees bending (crouching)A29: Knees (alternating) bending forwardA30: Rotation on the kneesA31: RowingA32: Elliptical bikeA33: CyclingSENSOR SETUP:Each sensor provides 3D acceleration (accX,accY,accZ), 3D gyro (gyrX,gyrY,gyrZ), 3D magnetic field orientation (magX,magY,magZ) and 4D quaternions (Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4). The sensors are identified according to the body part on which is placed respectively:。

大学生英语竞赛C类翻译专项强化真题试卷10(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.(91) An active lifestyle and a healthy, fish-rich diet are not only good for your heart, they may also help tackle the memory loss associated with old age, two leading neuroscientists said. As people live longer, finding ways of halfing the decline in mental agility is becoming increasingly important, said Professor Ian Robertson, director of the Institute of Neuroscience at Trinity College Dublin.(92) “The biggest threat to being able to function well and properly is our brains, ”he told, journalists. “There is very strong evidence, particularly in the over-50s, that the degree to which you maintain your mental faculties depends on a handful of quite simple environmental factors, ”he said. (93) Those who remained physically fit, avoided high stress levels and enjoyed a rich and varied social life are better equipped to stay alert as they age. Mental stimulation, learning new things and simply thinking young also help. A new survey compiled for the University of Kent and the charity Age Concern showed ageism was rife in Britain where people, on average, see youth as ending at 49 and old age beginning at 65. But Robertson said such attitudes were not helpful given the number of 80-year-olds who remain “sharp as pins”. (94) “If you start to think of yourself as old when you are 60, which is no longer justified, you will behave old, ”he said. Research conducted by his Trinity College colleague, Professor Marina Lynch, showed healthy eating was another key requirement for staying on the ball. (95) Lynch said new research showed fish oils may reduce the cell inflammation that triggers a decline in memory.1．正确答案：两位著名的神经专家认为，积极的生活方式和健康的、富含鱼类的饮食不仅对心脏有好处，还有助于攻克由衰老引起的记忆力减退。

PROBLEM A: Eradicating（根除）EbolaThe world medical association has announced that their new medication could stop Ebola and cure patients whose disease is not advanced（晚期的）. Build a realistic, sensible, and useful model that considers not only the spread of the disease, the quantity of the medicine needed, possible feasible （可行的）delivery systems, locations of delivery, speed of manufacturing of the vaccine or drug, but also any other critical factors your team considers necessary as part of the model to optimize the eradication of Ebola, or at least its current strain（压力）. In addition to your modeling approach for the contest, prepare a 1-2 page non-technical letter for the world medical association to use in their announcement.PROBLEM B: Searching for a lost planeRecall the lost Malaysian flight MH370. Build a generic（一般的）mathematical model that could assist "searchers" in planning a useful search for a lost plane feared to（恐怕） have crashed in open water such as the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Southern, or Arctic Ocean while flying from Point A to Point B. Assume that there are no signals from the downed （坠落的） plane. Your model should recognize that there are many different types of planes for which we might be searching and that there are many different types of search planes, often using different electronics or sensors. Additionally, prepare a 1-2 page non-technical paper for the airlines to use in their press conferences concerning their plan for future searches.。

大学生英语竞赛C类翻译专项强化真题试卷2(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.1．对于一个公司来说，能跟上市场的发展变化是很重要的。

(keep pace with)正确答案：It is important for a business to keep pace with changes in the market.2．要不是下雨，我们的旅行本来是很愉快的。

(but for)正确答案：But for the rain，we would／could have had a pleasant journey解析：(虚拟语气。

根据句意，旅行已经发生，与过去事实相反。

主句套用could／should／might have done，从句用had done。

but for固定用法，意为“要不是”。

)3．切记无论干什么，如果尽全力的话，你距离成功就很近了。

(not far from)正确答案：Remember if you do your best at anything．you should not be far away from success．解析：(尽全力do one’s best．)4．教育部要求，课外活动应作为学校生活的一部分。

(require)正确答案：The Ministry of Education requires that extra—curricular activities be made part of school life．解析：(Ministry of Education意为“教育部”。

“要求”可用“require”来表达，注意后面句子中的should可以省略。

)5．一名大学生能否成功取决于他努力的程度。

(名词性从句)正确答案：Whether a college student can succeed depends on how hard he works．解析：(翻译时可将whether置于句首，引导主语从句。

2015 C组织中的人力人力资本管理建立一个具有优秀的，有才华的和受过良好训练的人员的组织是成功的关键因素之一。

为了达到这个目标，这个组织需要做比招聘最好的面试者更多的工作——他们还需要留住优秀的人员，让他们接受合适的训练，并且将他们安排的合适的职位上，最终找到员工来代替离开的员工。

个体在组织中扮演重要的角色，无论正式，或非正式地。

因此，一个员工从组织的离开使得从重要的信息上和功能上需要新的人员代替。

这对于运动队，商品公司，学校，大学，政府，以及几乎所有的正式团队或机构。

人力资源专家通过提高人员保留，移动，协调训练，建立团队来帮助高级领导管理员工。

实质上，领导们寻找方法来创立一个有效的组织结构，其中，员工们被分配到适合他们能力和敬仰的岗位上，有效的沟通系统可以促进创新思维和产品（商品或服务）的发展。

这样的人力资源管理中的人才管理和团队建立在很多现代组织中都有所体现管理组织中流畅的人力资本网络需要理解：员工对小组和公司的忠诚度；工作地点的信任建立，人员之间正式或非正式的关系的形成，分解和保留。

当人们以为其他工作或是退休而离开时，所产生的混乱总体上称作组织的“流失”。

你的团队被你们的HR要求要去建立一个理解ICM 370人的组织内的“流失”的框架和模型，ICM 是一个高竞争力的市场，导致了与有效的人力资本管理有关的重要问题。

HR 想要通过建立网络模型映射出组织中的人力资本。

这里有一些你们公司需要面对的问题：1.ICM 的目标是在“流失”发生的早期识别其风险，因为在员工事业的早期获得其忠诚度比在企业文化变质时改进企业文化要便宜。

从一开始就具有有动力的员工要比防止人员离开时激励员工更具有生产力。

2.一个员工更容易流失，当他所联系的以前的员工流失。

这样的流失在职员之间传播，因此识别那些可能会流失的员工对于防止以后的人员流失具有重要意义。

3.一个HR面临的问题是要把员工放置在他们适合的岗位上，比如让他们的知识和能力得到最大化。

比赛时间：美国东部时间：2015年2月5日（星期四）下午8点-2月9日下午8点（共4天）北京时间：2015年2月6日（星期五）上午9点-2月10日上午9点农历：十二月十八～十二月廿二重要说明：●COMAP是所有的规则和政策的最后仲裁者，对不遵循竞赛规则和程序的任何队伍，拥有唯一的自由裁量权，取消参赛资格或拒绝登记。

●评委、竞赛组织者、以及UMAP杂志的编辑拥有最终裁定权。

●如果参赛队伍违反竞赛规则，其指导老师一年内将不能指导其他团队，其所在参赛单位将被处以一年的察看处理。

●如果同一机构第二次被抓到违反规则的队伍，该学校将至少不被允许参加下一年度的赛事。

●以下所有时间都是美国东部时间EST（北京时间比美国东部时间早13个小时）●递交参赛论文后，意味参赛者同意以下条款：⏹论文提交后，出版权归COMAP, Inc所有；⏹COMAP可以使用，编辑，引用和出版论文，用于宣传或任何其他目的，包括在线展示，出版电子版，在UMAP杂志刊登或其他方式，并且没有任何形式的补偿；⏹COMAP可以在没有进一步的通知，许可，或补偿的情形下，使用这次比赛相关材料，团队成员、指导老师的名字，以及和他们的背景资料。

●递交参赛论文后，意味参赛者作出以下承诺：⏹论文中出现的所有的图像，数据，照片，图表，图画，如果未注明，都是由参赛者创建；如果引用其它资源，都在参考文献中列出，并在引用的具体位置标注来源。

⏹不论是直接，还是转述方式的文字引用，都在参考文献中列出，并在引用的具体位置标注来源；直接的文字引用使用引号标注。

比赛之前注册报名1.报名截至时间：2015年2月5日下午2：00 EST。

截止日期后，注册系统将自动关闭，不再接受任何新的注册，没有例外。

2.每支参赛队伍都必须有一位来自参赛机构（institute）的教师担任导师（faculty advisor），不允许学生担任导师。

由指导老师负责为其指导队伍注册报名，每位指导老师可注册的队伍数目没有限制。

2015年大学生英语竞赛（NECCS）C类初赛真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Listening Comperhension 2. V ocabulary and Structure 3. Cloze 4. Reading Comperhension 5. Error Correction 6. Translation 7. IQ Test 8. WritingPart I Listening ComperhensionSection A听力原文：M: Have you ever heard the saying, “Clothes make the man”? It might be truer than we imagine. W: When a police officer or firefighter puts on their uniform it must affect their psychology. It probably gives them a sense of responsibility and authority. M: Absolutely. When a judge puts on that heavy black robe it transmits an image of power, but it also serves a reminder to the judge of the responsibility of their position.1．What does the conversation imply?A．Great minds think alike.B．You are what you wear.C．A contented mind is a perpetual feast.D．Actions speak louder than words.正确答案：B解析：对话开始时男士提到“Clothes make the man(人要衣装)”，接下来女士和男士列举了警察、消防员和法官的例子，说明了那些职业特有的衣服会影响穿衣者的心理，给他们一种责任感和权威性(a sense of responsibility and authority)，因此该对话暗示了，穿什么样的衣服就决定了你是什么样的人，即You are what you wear．故本题选B项。

Problem C: “Cooperate and navigate”Traffic capacity is limited in many regions of the United States due to the number of lanes of roads. For example, in the Greater Seattle area drivers experience long delays during peak traffic hours because the volume of traffic exceeds the designed capacity of the road networks. This is particularly pronounced on Interstates 5, 90, and 405, as well as State Route 520, the roads of particular interest for this problem.Self-driving, cooperating cars have been proposed as a solution to increase capacity of highways without increasing number of lanes or roads. The behavior of these cars interacting with the existing traffic flow and each other is not well understood at this point.The Governor of the state of Washington has asked for analysis of the effects of allowing self-driving, cooperating cars on the roads listed above in Thurston, Pierce, King, and Snohomish counties. (See the provided map and Excel spreadsheet). In particular, how do the effects change as the percentage of self-driving cars increases from 10% to 50% to 90%? Do equilibria exist? Is there a tipping point where performance changes markedly? Under what conditions, if any, should lanes be dedicated to these cars? Does your analysis of your model suggest any other policy changes?Your answer should include a model of the effects on traffic flow of the number of lanes, peak and/or average traffic volume, and percentage of vehicles using self-driving, cooperating systems. Your model should address cooperation between self-driving cars as well as the interaction between self- driving and non-self-driving vehicles. Your model should then be applied to the data for the roads of interest, provided in the attached Excel spreadsheet.Your MCM submission should consist of a 1 page Summary Sheet, a 1-2 page letter to the Governor’s office, and your solution (not to exceed 20 pages) for a maximum of 23 pages. Note: The appendix and references do not count toward the 23 page limit. Some useful background information:On average, 8% of the daily traffic volume occurs during peak travel hours.•The nominal speed limit for all these roads is 60 miles per hour.•Mileposts are numbered from south to north, and west to east.•Lane widths are the standard 12 feet.•Highway 90 is classified as a state route until it intersects Interstate 5.•In case of any conflict between the data provided in this problem and any other source, use the data provided in this problem.Definitions:milepost: A marker on the road that measures distance in miles from either the start of the route or astate boundary.average daily traffic: The average number of cars per day driving on the road.interstate: A limited access highway, part of a national system.state route: A state highway that may or may not be limited access.route ID: The number of the highway.increasing direction: Northbound for N-S roads, Eastbound for E-W roads.decreasing direction: Southbound for N-S roads, Westbound for E-W roads.问题C：“合作和导航”由于道路的数量，美国许多地区的交通容量有限。