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泛读Unit 8: The life of Samuel JohnsonI. Reading for research purpose (研究型的阅读)1. What is the research question?2. What is the popular opinion on the topic?3. How was the topic verified/proved?4. What are the comments on this topic?5. Direct and indirect resources for the justification of the conclusion for the research question? （1st hand and 2nd hand supporting materials）II．Biography：what is special about this person？•塞缪尔·约翰逊(Samuel Johnson),英国作家,批评家。
（1709—1784）英国文学史上重要的诗人、散文家、传记家和健谈家，编纂的《词典》对英语发展作出了重大贡献。
•约翰逊一生著述甚丰，最有影响的却是完成于1755年的两卷本《英语词典》（The Dictionary of the English Language）。
在长达150年的时间里，这本词典一直是最权威的英语词典，直到20世纪初才被《牛津英语词典》取而代之。
III. New words1.Excite---To call forth (a reaction or emotion, for example); elicit:激起：使唤起（例如，反应或感情）；导致：odd noises that excited our curiosity.古怪的噪音激起了我们的好奇心2. contempt---Disparaging or haughty disdain, as for something base or unworthy; scorn.轻蔑：贬抑性的或傲慢的轻视，如对卑贱或低劣的东西；鄙视The state of being despised or dishonored; disgrace.耻辱：被鄙视或侮辱的状态；丢脸3. entertain---To consider; contemplate:考虑；深入思考：entertain an idea.考虑一个主意To hold in mind; harbor:抱着；怀有：4. adopt---take and follow, take on5. resolve---To make a firm decision about.做决定：作出关于…的坚定决定To cause (a person) to reach a decision.使下决定参见decide---resolution6. dedicate---To address or inscribe (a literary work, for example) to another as a mark of respect or affection.题献：在（例如，一部文学作品）上题献词表示尊敬或爱戴7. courtly---Elegant; refined:典雅的；有教养的：courtly manners.温文尔雅的举止8.soothe--To bring comfort, composure, or relief.起抚慰、镇定和减轻作用9. insinuate---To introduce or insert (oneself) by subtle and artful means.迂回：用微妙和机灵的方式做（自我）介绍、献媚求宠10. conciliate---To gain or try to gain someone's friendship or goodwill.See Synonyms at pacify博得好感：得到或试图得到别人的友谊或好感参见pacify11. gratify---To please or satisfy:使人高兴或满足：His achievement gratified his father. 他的成就让他的父亲高兴To give what is desired to; indulge:放任：给…所渴望得到的；沉溺于：12. perusal---peruse (To read or examine, typically with great care.)细读，细察：以极其细致的方式阅读或查阅13. naturalize---To adopt (something foreign) into general use.采纳：接纳（外国的一些事物）并普遍应用To adapt or acclimate (a plant or an animal) to a new environment; introduce and establish as if native.使（动、植物）顺化：使（植物或支物）适应或驯化在一个新的环境；当作土生的介绍和安置14. arduous--Demanding great effort or labor; difficult:艰巨的：需要很大努力或工作的；“the arduous work of preparing a Dictionary of the English Language”(Macaulay)“制作一本英语语言词典的艰巨工作”(麦考利)15. despise---To regard with contempt or scorn:鄙视：用轻蔑和指责对待：despised all cowards and flatterers.鄙视所有的胆小鬼和溜须拍马者To dislike intensely; loathe:15. artifice---An artful or crafty expedient; a stratagem.诡计：狡猾或狡诈的手段；计谋Subtle but base deception; trickery.阴谋：精明的但是卑鄙的欺骗；圈套16. civil---Sufficiently observing or befitting accepted social usages; not rude:有礼貌的：充分地遵守或符合公认的社会习俗的；不粗鲁的：a civil reply.有礼貌的17. posterity---Future generations:后代：“Everything he writes is consigned to posterity”(Joyce Carol Oates)“他所写的一切都是为了后代”(乔伊丝·卡罗尔·奥茨)All of a person's descendants.后裔：一个人所有的子孙18.overpower---To overcome or vanquish by superior force; subdue.制服以较强力量征服；压制To affect so strongly as to make helpless or ineffective; overwhelm.压倒，使无法忍受：影响如此之大以至于使无助或无效力；压倒19. contend----To strive in opposition or against difficulties; struggle:争斗：对抗性地或与困难armies contending for control of strategic territory; had to contend with long lines at the airport.军队为了控制战略领地而奋战；在机场必须忍受大排长龙To compete, as in a race; vie.竞争，如在竞赛中；争夺20. repulse---To drive back; repel.击退：击退；驱逐，赶走To rebuff or reject with rudeness, coldness, or denial.回绝，拒绝：断然拒绝；粗鲁、冷漠地拒绝；否定21. patron----One that supports, protects, or champions someone or something, such as an institutuion, an event, or a cause; a sponsor or benefactor:赞助人，资助人：支持、保护或维护某人或某事如机构、事件或事业的人；赞助者或捐助者：A noble or wealthy person in ancient Rome who granted favor and protection to someone in exchange for certain services.（古罗马）贵族：古罗马的贵族或有财势的人，给某人以恩惠和提供保护，受保护者作为交换提供一定服务22. encumber---To hinder or impede the action or performance of:阻碍或妨碍…的行动或执行：restrictions that encumber police work.23. cynical---Scornful of the motives, virtue, or integrity of others:愤世嫉俗的，讽世的：对别人的动机、善行或正直鄙视的：a cynical distrust of friendly strangers; a cynical view of the average voter's intelligence.对和善的陌生人轻蔑的不信任；对每个投票者的智力表示轻视的看法Expressing or exhibiting scorn and bitter mockery:挑剔挖苦的，冷嘲热讽的：表达或显示出责备和激烈的嘲讽：24. asperity---Harshness of manner; ill temper or irritability.粗暴：态度粗暴；25. exultation---The act or condition of rejoicing greatly.狂喜，欢跃：欢跃或狂喜的行为或状态26.boast----To speak of with excessive pride.夸耀：用特别得意的口气说话27. condescension---The act of condescending or an instance of it.屈尊：屈尊的行为或其事例28. congenial----Having the same tastes, habits, or temperament; sympathetic.同类的：具有同样的品味、习性或性情的；同情29. assail---To trouble; beset:使苦恼；困扰：was assailed by doubts.为疑惑而困扰30. fallacious---Tending to mislead; deceptive:误导的：倾向于误导；欺骗性的：fallacious testimony.产生误导的证词disappointing令人失望的a fallacious conclusion谬误的结论IV. fast readingPassage 0ne:1) What quality is emphasized in this passage about Johnson?2) What is the common feature among all his works?3) Do you understand Johnson’s implied meaning in his comments on getting drunk? A drunkard; drunk as a fish4)What did the so-called philosopher’s say about the poor?—MC 45)How did Johnson retort(反驳）this philosopher?6)What did he say about the poor’s happiness?Words and expressions1) tired metaphor---overused implicit comparison陈旧的比喻（暗喻）E.g: All the world is a stage世界是一台戏2）fatuous--- unconsciously 愚蠢的;自以为是的3) providence---The care, guardianship, and control exercised by a deity; divine direction:天意：神的旨意：4) vexation--- irritation or annoyance.烦恼5) malefactor---One that has committed a crime; a criminal.罪犯：犯了某种罪行的人；6) Translation of the last sentence.Insensible—unconscious无知觉的Insensive---Susceptible to the attitudes, feelings, or circumstances of others.敏感的：易受他人的态度、感情或情况影响的•贫困的人对很多小的烦恼无知觉；而这些烦恼有时让富人痛苦，玷污他们的享乐。
Unit8incense[ˈɪnsens](n) 香；香味eg: The musty aroma of incense made her head swim.(v) 激怒eg: This proposal will incense conservation campaigners. hustle[ˈhʌsl](v) 催促赶紧做eg : You’ll have to hustle if you’re to get home for supper.猛推强迫eg : He grabbed her arm and hustled her out of the room. (n) 忙碌奔忙eg : We escaped from the hustle and bustle of the city for the weekend.hustle and bustle 熙熙攘攘eg : Shell Cottage provides the perfect retreat from the hustle and bustle of London.intricate['ɪntrɪkət] adj.①节繁多的eg: A silver bracelet with some intricate scrollwork clung tohis right wrist. 右腕有一只花纹细致的银手镯。
②错综复杂的eg: I have a novel with an intricate plot.我有一本情节错综复杂的小说。
dwarf [dwɔrf]n.矮子eg: He is a dwarf.他是个矮子。
v.使矮小,使相形见绌eg: The old houses were dwarfed by the huge new tower blocks.stumble/ˈstʌmbəl/(v.)跌跌撞撞地走，蹒跚; 结巴; 弄错，失足; 偶然碰见(n.)绊脚，失足; 差错，失误; 过失，失败;Eg：You just stumble on it?beckon /ˈbɛkən/(v.)（用头或手的动作）示意，召唤;eg. Sorry to interrupt, but cocktails beckon us tonight.astoundverb 使震惊；使惊骇e g. The news astounded me.gourmet①adj 优质的e g. gourmet coffee②n 美食家eg: He is a famous gourmet.Words in textⅠheritage['hɛrɪtɪdʒ]n.遗产eg: The building is part of our national heritage.这个建筑是我们民族遗产的一部分。
College English Reading Course 1Unit 8Text 22I. Vocabulary《大学英语课程教学要求》(积极词汇用红色标出)一般要求（4级）词汇：decline v. / n.衰败, 衰落due 应付的; 到期的; 应到的e.g. His paper was due 2 days ago. （应交的）typical a. 典型的, 代表性的(typify v.) length n.长度(a. lengthy冗长的)analysis n. 分析(pl. analyses) elaborate a. 精心制作的, 详细阐述的authority 权威，威信sociology社会学(sociological a. sociologist社会学家) statistic n.统计量adj. 统计的, 统计学的(statistical a. statistics统计学; 统计数字[资料]) lawn bureau（政府机构的）局teenager 13至19岁的青少年suspect estimate n. / v. 估计, 估价standard标准convince v. 使信服w itness v. 目击cash deserve v. 应得; 应受(赏罚等) survey v. / n.对…进行数据调查较高要求（6级）词汇：adolescence青春期(一般指从青春发育期到成熟期13至15的转化阶段)stereo立体声；立体声系统（亦作：stereo set）更高要求词汇：hamburger (口语burger) shovel n. 铲子；铁锨铲v. 铲mowUseful Phrases and Expressions:student employment学生就业avoid sb.’s eyesa heavy course load 沉重的课业(load负荷, 装载量; 工作量)Parents often endorse this employment…endorse v. 1)在（支票）背面签字;2) to give approval of or support to, especially by public statement支持, 尤以公开声明形式；赞同, 认可hold regular jobs 固定工作/ work regularly regular source of income 固定的收入来源to argue my case 争论或诉讼中支持某一方的事实或论点(argument)mow lawn修剪草坪other than: except除了, 除了…以外(不包括) in contrast 与此相反,相比之下come up with 想出、找到(答案, 解决办法); 提出, 拿出(建议、计划)to have an (unfair) advantage over 比…有优势to push (burgers): to promote or sell (a product) 推销、宣传促销或出售产品e.g. to pushing one’s business 推展业务push one's goods 推销货物wait on服侍, 招待designer jeans 名牌的，带有特定设计师标志图案的hard-earned money辛苦得到的凭血汗赚来的ready cash 现款,现钱look upon…as 把...看作,视为pay the price for 为...付出代价part-time students兼职的/ full-time students专职的out- : prefix [加在动词、部分形容词及名词前] “胜过”, “超过”,e.g. outgrow长得比...快; (因年龄增长而)放弃outperform vt. 做得比…好，胜过outwit vt. 智胜outnumber vt. 数目超过II. Difficult Language Points in the Text1. Yet in all the lengthy analyses of what's wrong with American education, I have not heard employment by students being blamed. (Line 14)employment by students: having part-time job while studying in school or university Translation: 但是在所有这些冗长的关于美国大学教育问题的分析中，我没有见到有对学生打工进行批评的言论。
泛读1答案Unit7-8Key to Lesson191.1)F2)T3)T4)F5)T6)F7)T8)F2.1)A2)C3)B4)C5)B6)A3.1)他是怎样看出我的心思的？2）历尽千辛万苦，我总结出一条经验：外出旅行，你要是聪明过度，反而得不偿失。
3）这个主意似乎好得令人难以置信。
4）我打定主意，无论如何也要弄到一个单间。
5）“你不舒服吗？”他例行公事似的问了我一句。
6）众人患难，无须犯愁。
8)untileven givingresults.know whatcourt.him.other’s deepestthrough big2)think about a problem until you find the answer3)are very interested4)give5)arranging or organizing6)to get in touch with2.1)take notes on2)cases3)hints4）overlooked5)suggested6)available7)pretty8）in person9)sourceKey to Lesson211.1)T2)F3)F4)T5)T6)F7)F8)T2.1)到那时为止，他只举办过几次小型画展。
2）他的朋友们都说他颇有人格魅力，只是外表上显得有些古怪。
3）但是这次采访比预计得还要糟糕得多。
4）女记者用恰到好处的腔调问哈姆先生，他作为画家对社会起了什么作用。
她想了解一下，他觉得一位画家的职责是通过他的作品来教育人民，还是给他们增添愉悦。
5）画画就好像挖煤一样，它是用来填补生与死之间这段时空的职业，而他碰巧干得还不错。
6）他一下子转过头来，炯炯有神地看着她。
9)prove17)asKey to Lesson23Comprehension of the text:1.1)F2)F3)T4)F5)F6)T7)F8)T2.1)B2)C3)A4)C1.1)to avoid seeing someone远离2）to delay someone延误3)not to lose保留、保持4)to own and look after5)to write down details of things as they happen记录下来6)not to tell anyone about a secret that you know保守秘密7)to support供养8)to make something not change保持9)the act of watching something carefully in order to warn people of any danger注意、留心10)to prevent…from doing防止、阻止2．1）Most firms hope to hire males because females are more likely to be affected by marriage and family life.2)The study found that people with heart diseases were40per cent less likely to laugh in avariety of situations compared to healthy people of the same age.3)A quarter of young drivers said they often exceeded the speed limit,and were three-timesmore likely to be fined for speeding.4)Internet bars that provide download of the PC game“Hearts of Iron”or fail to stop customersfrom downloading or playing it,will be fined or closed.5)Despite sharp criticism,employers continue to defend their preference for male collegegrads.Key to Lesson24没有放稳的行李就会掉下””Learning to use the useful phrases and expressions from the text1．1)E2)D3)H4)J5)B6)G7)A8)I9）C10）F2．1）Each day there are a good number of people on their way to somewhere around the world.Some are travelling for pleasure,while others on business.2）When we were travelling in Europe,we usually rode in the train from one country to another.3)He drew me a map to make sure I could easily find his apartment.4)It’s good manners to tip a waiter or waitress for the service you have received when youdine out.5)The worst thing about working in the shop is that you’re on your feet all day.。
