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高分子材料与工程专业词汇大全（包含：一高分子化学二高分子反应三高分子物理四高分子加工技术和应用四大部分的全部词汇~~）一高分子化学coiling type polymer二高分子反应15官能单体functional monomer16大分子单体macromer, macromonomer17环状单体cyclic monomer18共聚单体comonomer19聚合［反应］polymerization20均聚反应homopolymerizationoligomerization低聚反应，21齐聚反应 (曾用名)22调聚反应telomerization23自发聚合spontaneous polymerization24预聚合prepolymerization25后聚合post polymerization26再聚合repolymerization27铸塑聚合, 浇铸聚合cast polymerization28链［式］聚合chain polymerization29烯类聚合，乙烯基聚合vinyl polymerization30双烯［类］聚合diene polymerization31加［成］聚［合］addition polymerization32自由基聚合，free radical polymerization,游离基聚合 (曾用名)radical polymerizationcontrolled radical polymerization，CRP 控制自由基聚合，33可控自由基聚合34活性自由基聚合living radical polymerization原子转移自由基聚合atom transfer radical polymerization，35ATRP反向原子转移自由基聚合reverse atom transfer radical 36polymerization， RATRP可逆加成断裂链转移reversible addition fragmentation chain 37transfer，RAFT38氮氧[自由基]调控聚合nitroxide mediated polymerization39稳定自由基聚合stable free radical polymerization，FRP自由基异构化聚合free radical isomerization 40polymerization41自由基开环聚合radical ring opening polymerization42氧化还原聚合redox polymerization无活性端聚合，dead end polymerization43死端聚合 (曾用名)44光［致］聚合photo polymerization45光引发聚合light initiated polymerization46光敏聚合photosensitized polymerization47四中心聚合four center polymerization48电荷转移聚合charge transfer polymerization49辐射引发聚合radiation initiated polymerization50热聚合thermal polymerization51电解聚合electrolytic polymerization52等离子体聚合plasma polymerization53易位聚合metathesis polymerization开环易位聚合ring opening metathesis polymerization，54ROMP55精密聚合precision polymerization56环化聚合cyclopolymerization57拓扑化学聚合topochemical polymerization58平衡聚合equilibrium polymerization59离子［型］聚合ionic polymerization60辐射离子聚合radiation ion polymerization61离子对聚合ion pair polymerizationcationic polymerization正离子聚合，62阳离子聚合63碳正离子聚合carbenium ionpolymerization,carbocationicpolymerization64假正离子聚合pseudo cationic polymerization65假正离子活［性］聚合pseudo cationic living polymerization 66活性正离子聚合living cationic polymerization67负离子聚合，阴离子聚合anionic polymerization68碳负离子聚合carbanionic polymerization69活性负离子聚合living anionic polymerization70负离子环化聚合anionic cyclopolymerization71负离子电化学聚合anionic electrochemical polymerization 72负离子异构化聚合anionic isomerization polymerization 73烯丙基聚合allylic polymerization74活［性］聚合living polymerization75两性离子聚合zwitterion polymerization76齐格勒-纳塔聚合Ziegler Natta polymerization77配位聚合coordination polymerization78配位离子聚合coordinated ionic polymerization79配位负离子聚合coordinated anionic polymerization 80配位正离子聚合coordinated cationic polymerization 81插入聚合insertion polymerization82定向聚合，立构规整聚合stereoregular polymerization, stereospecific polymerization83有规立构聚合tactic polymerization84全同立构聚合isospecific polymerization85不对称诱导聚合asymmetric induction polymerization86不对称选择性聚合asymmetric selective polymerization87不对称立体选择性聚合asymmetric stereoselectivepolymerization88对映［体］不对称聚合enantioasymmetric polymerization89对映［体］对称聚合enantiosymmetric polymerization90异构化聚合isomerization polymerization91氢转移聚合hydrogen transfer polymerization92基团转移聚合group transfer polymerization，GTP93消除聚合elimination polymerization94模板聚合matrix polymerization,templatepolymerization95插层聚合intercalation polymerization96无催化聚合uncatalyzed polymerization97开环聚合ring opening polymerization98活性开环聚合living ring opening polymerization 99不死的聚合immortal polymerization100酶聚合作用enzymatic polymerization101聚加成反应，逐步加成聚合 (曾用名)polyaddition102偶联聚合coupling polymerization103序列聚合sequential polymerization104闪发聚合，俗称暴聚flash polymerization105氧化聚合oxidative polymerization106氧化偶联聚合oxidative coupling polymerization 107逐步［增长］聚合step growth polymerization108缩聚反应condensation polymerization，polycondensation109酯交换型聚合transesterification typepolymerization,ester exchange polycondensation110自催化缩聚autocatalytic polycondensation111均相聚合homogeneous polymerization112非均相聚合heterogeneous polymerization113相转化聚合phase inversion polymerization 本体聚合bulk polymerization, mass 114polymerization115固相聚合solid phase polymerization气相聚合gaseous polymerization,116gas phase polymerization117吸附聚合adsorption polymerization118溶液聚合solution polymerization119沉淀聚合precipitation polymerization120淤浆聚合slurry polymerization121悬浮聚合suspension polymerization反相悬浮聚合reversed phase suspension 122polymerization珠状聚合bead polymerization, pearl 123polymerization124分散聚合dispersion polymerization125反相分散聚合inverse dispersion polymerization126种子聚合seeding polymerization127乳液聚合emulsion polymerization128无乳化剂乳液聚合emulsifier free emulsion polymerization 129反相乳液聚合inverse emulsion polymerization130微乳液聚合micro emulsion polymerization131连续聚合continuous polymerization132半连续聚合semicontinuous polymerization133分批聚合，间歇聚合batch polymerization134原位聚合in situ polymerization135均相缩聚homopolycondensation136活化缩聚activated polycondensation137熔融缩聚melt phase polycondensation138固相缩聚solid phase polycondensation139体型缩聚three dimensional polycondensation 140界面聚合interfacial polymerization141界面缩聚interfacial polycondensation142环加成聚合cycloaddition polymerization143环烯聚合cycloalkene polymerization144环硅氧烷聚合cyclosiloxane polymerization145引发剂initiator146引发剂活性activity of initiator147聚合催化剂polymerization catalyst148自由基引发剂radical initiator149偶氮［类］引发剂azo type initiator1502,2′偶氮二异丁腈2,2'- azobisisobutyronitrile, AIBN151过氧化苯甲酰benzoyl peroxide, BPO152过硫酸盐引发剂persulphate initiator153复合引发体系complex initiation system154氧化还原引发剂redox initiator电荷转移复合物，charge transfer complex, CTC155电荷转移络合物156聚合加速剂，聚合促进剂polymerization accelerator157光敏引发剂photoinitiator双官能引发剂bifunctional initiator， difunctional 158initiator159三官能引发剂trifunctional initiator160大分子引发剂macroinitiator161引发-转移剂initiator transfer agent, inifer引发-转移-终止剂initiator transfer agent terminator, 162iniferter163光引发转移终止剂photoiniferter164热引发转移终止剂thermoiniferter165正离子催化剂cationic catalyst166正离子引发剂cationic initiator167负离子引发剂ionioic initiator168共引发剂coinitiator169烷基锂引发剂alkyllithium initiator170负离子自由基引发剂anion radical initiator171烯醇钠引发剂alfin initiator172齐格勒-纳塔催化剂Ziegler Natta catalyst173过渡金属催化剂transition metal catalyst174双组分催化剂bicomponent catalyst175后过渡金属催化剂late transition metal catalyst176金属络合物催化剂metal complex catalyst177［二］茂金属催化剂metallocene catalyst178甲基铝氧烷methylaluminoxane, MAO179μ氧桥双金属烷氧化物催bimetallic μ-oxo alkoxides catalyst化剂180双金属催化剂bimetallic catalyst 181桥基茂金属bridged metallocene182限定几何构型茂金属催化剂constrained geometry metallocenecatalyst183均相茂金属催化剂homogeneous metallocene catalyst 184链引发chain initiation185热引发thermal initiation186染料敏化光引发dye sensitized phtoinitiation 187电荷转移引发charge transfer initiation188诱导期induction period189引发剂效率initiator efficiency190诱导分解induced decomposition191再引发reinitiation192链增长chain growth, chain propagation 193增长链端propagating chain end194活性种reactive species195活性中心active center196持续自由基persistent radical197聚合最高温度ceilling temperature of polymerization 198链终止chain termination199双分子终止bimolecular termination200初级自由基终止primary radical termination201扩散控制终止diffusion controlled termination202歧化终止disproportionation termination203偶合终止coupling termination204单分子终止unimolecular termination205自发终止spontaneous termination206终止剂terminator207链终止剂chain terminating agent208假终止pseudotermination209自发终止self termination210自由基捕获剂radical scavenger211旋转光闸法rotating sector method212自由基寿命free radical lifetime213凝胶效应gel effect214自动加速效应autoacceleration effect215链转移chain transfer216链转移剂chain transfer agent217尾咬转移backbitting transfer退化链转移degradation (degradative) chain 218transfer219加成断裂链转移［反应］addition fragmentation chain transfer 220链转移常数chain transfer constant①缓聚作用retardation221②延迟作用222阻聚作用inhibition223缓聚剂retarder224缓聚剂，阻滞剂retarding agent225阻聚剂inhibitor226封端［反应］end capping227端基terminal group228聚合动力学polymerization kinetics229聚合热力学polymerization thermodynamics230聚合热heat of polymerization231共聚合［反应］copolymerization232二元共聚合binary copolymerization233三元共聚合ternary copolymerization234竞聚率reactivity ratio235自由基共聚合radical copolymerization236离子共聚合ionic copolymerization237无规共聚合random copolymerization238理想共聚合ideal copolymerization239交替共聚合alternating copolymerization 240恒［组］分共聚合azeotropic copolymerization 241接枝共聚合graft copolymerization242嵌段共聚合block copolymerization243开环共聚合ring opening copolymerization 244共聚合方程copolymerization equation245共缩聚copolycondensation246逐步共聚合step copolymerization247同种增长homopropagation248自增长self propagation249交叉增长cross propagation250前末端基效应penultimate effect251交叉终止cross termination252Q值Q value253e值e value254Q,e概念Q, e scheme255序列长度分布sequence length distribution256侧基反应reaction of pendant group257扩链剂，链增长剂chain extender258交联crosslinking259化学交联chemical crosslinking260自交联self crosslinking261光交联photocrosslinking262交联度degree of crosslinking263硫化vulcanization264固化curing265硫［黄］硫化sulfur vulcanization266促进硫化accelerated sulfur vulcanization 267过氧化物交联peroxide crosslinking268无规交联random crosslinking269交联密度crosslinking density270交联指数crosslinking index271解聚depolymerization272①降解②退化degradation273链断裂chain breaking274解聚酶depolymerase275细菌降解bacterial degradation276生物降解biodegradation277化学降解chemical degradation278辐射降解radiation degradation279断链降解chain scission degradation280自由基链降解free radical chain degradation 281无规降解random degradation282水解降解hydrolytic degradation283热降解thermal degradation284热氧化降解thermal oxidative degradation 285光降解photodegradation286光氧化降解photo oxidative degradation 287力化学降解mechanochemical degradation 288接枝聚合graft polymerization289活化接枝activation grafting三高分子物理16二单元组diad17三单元组triad18四单元组tetrad19五单元组pentad20无规线团random coil21自由连接链freely-jointed chain 22自由旋转链freely-rotating chain 23蠕虫状链worm-like chain24柔性链flexible chain25链柔性chain flexibility26刚性链rigid chain27棒状链rodlike chain28链刚性chain rigidity29聚集aggregation30聚集体aggregate31凝聚、聚集coalescence32链缠结chain entanglement33凝聚缠结cohesional entanglement 34物理缠结physical entanglement35拓扑缠结topological entanglement36凝聚相condensed phase37凝聚态condensed state38凝聚过程condensing process39临界聚集浓度critical aggregation concentration 40线团-球粒转换coil-globule transition41受限链confined chain42受限态confined state43物理交联physical crosslinking44统计线团statistical coil45等效链equivalent chain46统计链段statistical segment47链段chain segment48链构象chain conformation49无规线团模型random coil model50无规行走模型random walk model51自避随机行走模型self avoiding walk model52卷曲构象coiled conformation53高斯链Gaussian chain。
高分子材料工程专业英语课文翻译Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering are closely related andoften used interchangeably. Polymer Science is concerned with the chemistry and physics of polymers, while Polymer Engineering teaches students how to design and manufacture polymer products. No matter which field you choose, there is constant innovation and new developments in the field of Polymer Science and Engineering.高分子科学和高分子工程密切相关，常常互换使用。
高分子科学研究聚合物的化学和物理学，而高分子工程则教授学生如何设计和制造聚合物产品。
无论您选择哪个领域，高分子科学和工程的领域中都不断有创新和新发展。
Polymers are large molecules that are made up of repeating units called monomers. These molecules are characterized by their high molecular weight, which gives them unique properties such as strength, elasticity, and durability. There are many types of polymers, including plastics, rubbers, and fibers.聚合物是由称为单体的重复单位组成的大分子。
unit11.并不是所有的聚合物都是由一个重复单元链接在一起而形成的。
在另一个极端的情形中，蛋白质分子是由n个氨基酸重复单元链接在一起形成的聚酰胺。
尽管在这个例子中，我们也许仍然把n称为聚合度，但是没有意义，因为一个氨基酸单元也许是在蛋白质中找到的20多个分子中的任意一个。
在这种情况下，一般是分子量本身而不是聚合度被用来描述这个分子。
当知道了特定的氨基酸分子的实际含量，它们的序列正是生物化学家和分子生物学家特别感兴趣的地方。
2.（1）(physics and chemistry) the simplest structural unit of an element or compound（2）a simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers（3）a naturally occurring or synthetic compound consisting of large molecules made up of a linked series of repeated simple monomers3 结构数据反应式压强液相实验室固体分子温度测量化合物电气Unit21,第一单元第四段2. 乙烯分子带有一个双键，为一种烯烃，它可以通过连锁聚合大量地制造聚乙烯，目前，聚乙烯已经广泛应用于许多技术领域和人们的日常生活中，成为一种不可缺少的材料。
Ethylene molecule with a double bond, as a kind of olefins, it can make chain polymerization polyethylene, at present, polyethylene has been widely used in many fields of technology and People's Daily life, become a kind of indispensable materials.Unit31 聚合速率在实验上可以通过测定体系的任一性质的变化而确定，如密度、折射率、黏度、或者吸光性能。
高分子专业英语答案【篇一：高分子材料工程专业英语课文翻译(曹同玉,冯连芳)主编】txt>unit 1 what are polymer?第一单元什么是高聚物？what are polymers? for one thing, they are complex and giant molecules and are different from low molecular weight compounds like, say, common salt. to contrast the difference, the molecular weight of common salt is only 58.5, while that of a polymer can be as high as several hundred thousand, even more than thousand thousands. these big molecules or‘macro-molecules’ are made up of much smaller molecules, can be of one or more chemical compounds. to illustrate, imagine that a set of rings has the same size and is made of the same material. when these things are interlinked, the chain formed can be considered as representing a polymer from molecules of the same compound. alternatively, individual rings could be of different sizes and materials, and interlinked to represent a polymer from molecules of different compounds.什么是高聚物？首先，他们是合成物和大分子，而且不同于低分子化合物，譬如说普通的盐。
高分子专业词汇中英对照1 高分子macromolecule, polymer 又称"大分子"。
2 超高分子supra polymer3 天然高分子natural polymer4 无机高分子inorganic polymer5 有机高分子organic polymer6 无机-有机高分子 inorganic organic polymer7 金属有机聚合物organometallic polymer8 元素高分子element polymer9 高聚物high polymer10 聚合物polymer11 低聚物oligomer 曾用名"齐聚物"。
12 二聚体dimer13 三聚体trimer14 调聚物telomer15 预聚物prepolymer16 均聚物homopolymer17 无规聚合物random polymer18 无规卷曲聚合物random coiling polymer19 头-头聚合物head-to-head polymer20 头-尾聚合物head-to-tail polymer21 尾-尾聚合物tail-to-tail polymer22 反式有规聚合物transtactic polymer23 顺式有规聚合物cistactic polymer24 规整聚合物regular polymer25 非规整聚合物 irregular polymer26 无规立构聚合物atactic polymer27 全同立构聚合物isotactic polymer 又称"等规聚合物"。
28 间同立构聚合物syndiotactic polymer 又称"间规聚合物"。
29 杂同立构聚合物heterotactic polymer 又称"异规聚合物"。
30 有规立构聚合物stereoregular polymer, tactic polymer 又称"有规聚合物"。
高分子材料工程专业外语（第二版）UNIT23-32注：本次译文纯人工操作，如有问题，尽量谅解哈~UNIT 23 聚合物加工在其最一般的情况下，聚合物加工涉及固态（有时是液态）聚合物树脂以一种不规则的形式（如：粉状、球状、珠粒状）转化成一种具有特殊形状、尺寸和性能的固态塑料制品。
这通过转变过程来实现：挤出、模塑、压延、涂覆、热成型等。
为了实现上面的目的，加工过程通常涉及下述操作：固体输送、压缩、加热、熔融、混合、成型、冷却、固化及修饰。
显然，这些操作不必按序发生，而许多可以同时发生。
通过成型可以赋予材料所需要的几何形状和尺寸。
它包括黏弹性形变和热成型，这种黏弹性形变和热传递是和产品从熔体的固化相联系的。
成型包括：（1）二维操作，如：口模成型、压延及涂覆。
（2）三维的模塑和成型操作。
二维的操作要么是连续的固定队的形状（如：薄膜及片材挤出、电线的涂层、纸和片材涂覆、压延、纤维纺丝、管材和型材挤出等），要么是间歇式的，在挤出的情况下伴有间歇挤出吹膜。
通常模塑成型操作是间歇式的，然而它们倾向于非固定条件。
热成型、真空成型及类似过程可以被看做是二次成型操作，因为它们通常包括已成型形状的再次成型。
在某些情况下，像吹塑，加工包括首次成型（型坯形成）和二次成型（型坯膨胀）。
成型操作包括同时或交错的液体流动和热传递。
在二维加工中，固化伴随着成型加工，反之在三维加工的固化和成型往往在模具中同时发生。
根据材料的性质、设备和加工条件的不同，流动形式以及根据流动面的自由与否，通常包含剪切流动、拉伸流动及挤压流动。
经历了流动和固化的聚合物热机械历史导致了加工产品中微观结构（形态学、结晶度及取向分布）的发展。
产品的最终性能与微观结构是紧密相关的。
因此，加工和产品质量的控制必须基于在树脂性能、设备设计、操作条件、热机械历史、微观结构和最终产品性能之间相互作用的了解。
数学建模和计算机模拟被同时用于获得这些相互间作用的了解。
鉴于进一步利用计算机辅助设计/计算机辅助制造/计算机辅助工程（CAD/CAM/CAE）系统协同塑料塑料加工诸如这一趋近获得了更多的重要性。
Unit11.The essentially the ‘giantness’of the size of the polymer molecule that makes its behavior different from that of a commonly known chemical compound such as benzene.实质上，正是由于聚乙烯的巨大的分子尺寸才使其性能不同于像苯这样的一般化合物（的性能）。
2.The globules of polyvinyl alcohol firstly absorb water,swell and get distorbed in shape and aftera long time go into solution.聚乙烯醇颗粒首先吸水溶胀，发生变形，经过很长的时间以后，（聚乙烯醇分子）进入到溶液中。
3.Another peculiarity is that ,in water,polyvinyl alcohol never retains its original powdery nature as the excess sodium chloride does in a saturated salt solution.另一个特点是，在水中聚乙烯醇不会像过量的氯化钠在饱和盐溶液中那样能保持其初始的粉末状态。
UNIT21.The initiation of the chain reaction can be observed most clearly with radical or ionic initiators.用自由基型引发剂或离子型引发剂引发连锁反应可以很清楚的进行观察。
2.Such reactions occur through the initial addition of a monomer molecule to an initiator radical or an initiator ion,by which the active state is transferred from the added monomer.这样的反应是通过单体分子首先加成到引发剂自由基或引发剂离子上而进行的，靠这些活性中心由引发剂转移到被加成的单体上。
第六单元The molecular weight of a polymer is of prime importance in its synthesi s and application.Prime, 最初的，基本的，首要的，首位的，最好的，第一流的对聚合物的合成和应用而言，聚合物的分子量是最重要的。
The interesting and useful mechanical properties which are uniquely ass ociated with polymeric materials are a consequence of their high molecu lar weight.令人感兴趣的和具有使用价值的力学性能与高分子材料存在的唯一的相关性，而这些性能是聚合物的高分子量带来的。
聚合物材料的高分子量带来了令人感兴趣的和具有利用价值的力学性能。
Most important mechanical properties depend on and vary considerably with molecular weight. 最重要的力学性能取决于分子量，而且随着分子量变化而发生很大的变化。
Thus, strength of polymer does not begin to develop until a minimum m olecular weight of about 5000～ 10 000 is achieved.因此,直到最小分于量增大到大约 5 000～10 000 以后, 聚合物的强度才开始显示出来.Above that size, there is a rapid increase in the mechanical performance of polymers as their molecular weight increases; the effect levels off at st ill higher molecular weights.Level off…达到平衡，变平缓，趋缓分子量大于这个值的时候，随着分子量的增加，聚合物的机械性能快速增加;达到更高的分子量的时候，这种效应才变平缓。
