最新全国年4月00830现代语言学自考试题

04年10月自考现代语言学试题(1) 课程代码：00830ⅰ.directions: read each of the following statements carefully. decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter a,b,c or d in the brackets.(2%×10=20%)uses the term ( ) to refer to the actual realization of a language user’s knowledge of the rules of his language in linguistic communication.a. langueb. competencec. paroled. performanceterms of the place of articulation, the following sounds share the feature of ( ).a. palatalb. alveolarc. bilabiald. dentalgenerative grammar was introduced by ( ) in 1957.a. l. bloomfieldb. f. saussurec. n. chomsky a. k. hallidaylanguages are viewed to vary according to ( ) set on ug principles to particular values.a. adjacent conditionb. parametersc. case conditiond. case requirement5. synonyms are classified into several kinds. the kind to which“girl”and“lass” belong is called ( ) synonyms.a. stylisticb. dialectalc. emotived. collocational6. the illocutionary point of ( ) is to express the psychological state specified in the utterance.a. representativesb. commissivesc. expressivesd. declaratives7. modern english words man, woman, child, eat, fight, ect. originate from ( ).a. middle englishb. old englishc. frenchd. norman french8. in a diglossic country, the two diglossic forms of a language are generally two varieties of the same language, but there are situations in which the h-variety may have no ( ) relationship with the l-variety.a. geneticb. socialc. directd. closeaphasics do not show total language loss. rather, different aspects of language are impaired. aphasicsin ( ) area reveal word-finding difficulties and problems with syntax.a. werniker’sb. visualc. motord. broca’s10. ( ) motivation occurs when the learner desires to learn a second language in order to communicate with native speakers of the target language.a. instrumentalb. functionalc. integratived. socialⅱ. directions: fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. note that you are to fill in one word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.(1%×10=10%)11. if a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to bed .12. stops, fricatives, affricates, liquids, and glides all have some degree of o and are therefore consonants.13. m is the smallest meaningful unit of language.14. a is the movement of an auxiliary verb to thesentence-initial position, such as “be”, “have”, “do” etc.15. r is what a linguistic form refers to in the real world; it is a matter of the relationship between form and the reality.16. in austin’s early speech act theory, c were statements that either state or describe, and were thus verifiable.17. in the process of first language acquisition, children usually construct their personal grammars, and their language develops in stages until it a the grammatical rules of the adult language.18. a s community is one group, all of whose members share the same language or at least a single language variety.19. people may communicate their feelings or thoughts via n signals such as facial expressions, gestures, postures, or proxemic space.20. although the development of a communicative system is not unique to human beings, the natural acquisition of l as a system of highly abstract rulesand regulations for creative communication is what distinguishes humans from all other animal species.ⅲ.directions: judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. put a t for true or f for false in the brackets in front of each statement. if you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version. (2%×10=20%)21. ( ) the writing system of a language is alwaysa later invention used to record speech; thus there are still many languages in today’s world that can only be spoken, but not written.22. ( ) in such sound combinations as /bi:p/, /geip/ and /su:p/, the voiceless stop /p/, occurring in the final position, is unaspirated, pronounced with the strong puff of air withheld to some extent.23. ( ) the part of speech of the compound is always determined by the part of speech of the second element, without exception.24. ( ) the relationship between the embedded clause and its matrix clause is one of a part to the whole.25. ( ) the contextualist view of meaning holds thatmeaning should be studied in terms of the situational context and linguistic context.26. ( ) searle’s classification of illocutionary acts is based on the classification of performative verbs.27. ( ) one kind of language change results in an increase of the number of exceptional or irregular morphemes. this kind of change has been called internal borrowing—that is, we “borrow” from one part of the grammar and apply the rule generally.28. ( ) there are differences in the way people of various age categories speak. the differences most easily noted by the layman are likely to be grammatical in nature.29. ( ) the left hemisphere of the brain is superior to the right hemisphere BECause the left hemisphere is language-dominant.30 ( ) a child born to a chinese or english speaking family takes about the same number of years to acquire their native tongue, regardless of their general intelligence.ⅳ.directions: explain the following terms, usingone or two examples for illustration.(3%×10=30%)31. assimilation rule32. root33. bound morphemes34. surface structure35. grammaticality36. elaboration37. bilingualism38. creole39. the sapir-whorf hypothesis40. fossilizationⅴ. answer the following questions.(10%×2=20%)41. the phonological features that occur above the level of individual sounds are called suprasegmental features. discuss the main suprasegmental features, illustrating with examples how they function in the distinction of meaning.42. explain and give examples to show in what way componential analysis is similar to the analysis of phonemes into distinctive features.。

自考现代语言学2022年10月真题试题与（00830）自考现代语言学2022年10月真题试题与答案解析（00830）1.[单选题] In distinguishing competence and performance, Chomsky looks at language from a ____ point of view, and to him competence is a property of the mind of each individual.A.sociologicalB.psychologicalC.historicalD.cultural2.[单选题] Of the following speech sounds, is represented in narrow transcription.A.[i]B.[i:]C.D.[l]3.[单选题] All the following morphemes can be definitely regarded as derivational morphemes EXCEPT________.A.-iumB.-ingC.semi-D.-ly4.[单选题] In the X-bar theory, the head of the phrase “quite above the desk” is .A.quiteB.aboveC.theD.desk5.[单选题] If you say that there is no direct connection between a linguistic form and what it refers to, you hold a view of meaning study.A.namingB.conceptualistC.contextualD.behaviorist6.[单选题] The notion of________ is essential to the pragmatic study of language. It is generally considered as constituted by the knowledge shared by the speaker and the hearer.A.contextB.utteranceC.conversational implicatureD.speech act7.[单选题] During the Renaissance movement, many of _______words became part of the educated English lexicon.A.Germantin and GreekC.ItalianD.French8.[单选题] The most distinguishable linguistic feature of a regional dialect is its ________.A.accentB.morphemese of wordse of structure9.[单选题] The case of Phineas Gage shows us that___________.A.human language ability is not located in the brain because Phineas’ brain was not so damaged that he could still speakB.human language ability is located in the right hemisphere of the brainC.if human language ability is located in the brain, it is situated right at the frontD.if human language ability is located in the brain, it is not situated right at the front10.[单选题] There are a number of factors pertaining to the learner that potentially influence the way in which a second language is acquired. Which of the following is NOT an individual learner factor? .A.InstructionB.MotivationC.PersonalityD.Age11.[案例题] A d ________study of language is a historical study, which studies the development of language over a period of time.12.[案例题] To describe the physical properties of speech sounds, a___ phoneticians use spectrographs to record the sound waves.13.[案例题] According to their position in the new words, a _______are divided into two kinds: prefixes and suffixes.14.[案例题] Universally found in the grammars of all human languages, syntactic rules comprise the system of internalized linguistic knowledge of a language speaker known as linguistic c________?15.[案例题] According to the b____________ view of meaning study, the meaning of a linguistic form is the situation in which the speaker utters it and the response it calls forth in the hearer.16.[案例题] According to Austin’s new model of speech act theory, a speaker might be performing three acts simultaneously when speaking: locutionary act, i ______ act and pcrlocutionary act.17.[案例题] Sound a _______refers to the physiological effect of one sound on another.18.[案例题] Language varieties other than the standard are called nonstandard or v ______languages.19.[案例题] The c __________period hypothesis refers to a period in one's life experience extending from about age two to puberty, during which the human brain is most ready to acquire a particular language and language learning can proceed easily, swiftly, and without explicit instruction.20.[案例题] Although they lack grammatical morphemes, t _______sentences in the multiword stage are not simply words that are randomly strung together, but follow the principles of sentence formation.21.[案例题] Linguistics can be defined as the scientific study of any particular language such as English, Chinese and Latin.22.[案例题] Chinese is a typical tone language, which has four tones.23.[案例题] Semantically, the meaning of a compound is often the sum total of the meanings of its components.24.[案例题] Combinational rules are rules that group words and phrases to form grammatical sentences.25.[案例题] sense and reference are two important notions associated with lexical meaning.26.[案例题] What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning the context of use should be taken into consideration.27.[案例题] The division of English language into the periods of OldEnglish, Middle English and Modem English is nonconventional and not arbitrary.28.[案例题] language itself is not sexist, but it reflects sexism in society as it can connote sexist attitudes as well as attitudes about social taboos or racism.29.[案例题] When we say that language provides a means for the expression or communication of thought, we mean that language is the only means of expressing thought.30.[案例题] Like overt teaching, imitation plays at best a very minor role in the child’s mastery of language.31.[案例题] arbitrariness32.[案例题] suprasegmental features33.[案例题] morphology34.[案例题] finite clause35.[案例题] stylistic synonyms36.[案例题] constatives37.[案例题] cognate38.[案例题] language planning39.[案例题] interpersonal communication40.[案例题] language acquisition41.[案例题] Which enjoys priority in modern linguistics, speech or writing? Why?42.[案例题] What are the four maxims under the cooperative principle? And illustrate with one example how the violation of the maxim of quality gives rise to conversational implicature.。

2023年自考专业(英语)-现代语言学考试题库+答案第I卷一.综合能力测验(共15题)1.单选题 The volunteers would rather go by train than ________.A. to driveB.driveC.drivenD.to be driven2.单选题 The conclusion from the study is not definite; it is just ________.A. tentativeB.validC.technicalD.thorough3.单选题 This is an important problem _______ too few social scientists have researched.A. whichB.thatC.into thatD.into which4.判断题 According to the "principles-and-parameters" theory, "principles" refer to highly abstract properties of grammar which are applied to language in general and which generate phrases and at the same time restrain the power of Move a, while "parameters" allow general principles to operate in certain restricted ways, according to which particular grammars of natural languages vary.5.单选题 There is a deadlock(僵局) in the discussion when neither side gives ________ to the other.A.a wayB.wayC.the way6.单选题 Children have a natural ________ about the world around them.A. certaintyB.capabilityC.clevernessD.curiosity7.判断题 Linguists can concentrate on all the aspects of language at once.8.单选题 Country life is better than city life ________ it offers fresh air and noiseless environmentA. in thatB.as thatC.as forD.in which9.判断题 Searle's classification of illocutionary acts is based on the classification of performative verbs.10.单选题 ______ of a sentence depends on the context in which the sentence is uttered.A.Sentence meaningB.Utterance meaningC.The referenceD.The meaning11.判断题 A compound is the combination of only two words.12.判断题 Research findings have shown that language processing centers are situated ina single area of the left hemisphere.13.单选题 The other timing system belongs in our internal clocks，which，left ________，would tie the body to a 25-hour rhythm.A.behindB.aloneC.outD.aside14.单选题 The basic unit in the study of morphology is ______.A. the internal structureB.morphemeC.the rules by which words are formedD.wordA. being seenB.seeingC.him seeingD.seeing him第II卷一.综合能力测验(共15题)1.单选题 Younger children are curious ________ how things work ，and many of them want to take apart everything within their reach.A.ofB.aboutC.atD.with2.判断题 Well-arranged sentences are considered grammatical sentences that are formed following a set of syntactic rules.3.单选题 _______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A. ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It4.判断题 In classifying the English consonants and vowels, the same criteria can be applied.5.单选题 It was a small place then compared to _______ it is now.A. whatB.whichC.littleD.few6.单选题 Lying under the skull, the human brain contains an average of ten billion nerve cells called ______.A.nerve fibersB.nervesC.neurons7.单选题 Bloomfield drew on ______ psychology when trying to define the meaning of linguistic forms.A.contextualB.conceptualistC.behavioristD.naming8.单选题 If you are walking away from a clock tower ，you will hear the ticking of the clock fade to a point ________ it cannot be heard.A. whichB.whatC.whereD.how9.单选题 The syntactic rules of any language are ______ in number.rgeB.smallC.finiteD.infinite10.单选题 Johnson was ________ unknown before running for the presidency.A. visiblyB.visuallyC.verticallyD.virtually11.单选题 By "language acquisition is primarily the acquistion of the grammatical system of language", linguists mean that ______.A.every specific rule allowed by the grammatical system of a language must be acquiredB.the phonological rules must be acquiredC.the syntactic rules must be acquiredD.the general principles that are fundamental to the grammaticality of speech must be acquired12.单选题―________ fine day it is today!A. How, suchB.What a, veryC.How, soD.What a, so13.单选题 If payment is not received, legal action will be our only ________.B.advantageC.alternativeD.ambition14.单选题 Weather _______, we ’ll go out for a walk.A. permittedB.permittingC.permitsD.for permitting15.单选题 I was writing a report last night; ________ I would not have stayed up late.A. howeverB.otherwiseC.thereforeD.furthermore第I卷参考答案一.综合能力测验1.正确答案：B本题解析：would rather 或 would sooner 的意思都是“宁愿” ，其后要求直接用动词原形。

自考本科英语专业现代语言学试卷全国2008年10月高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题（课程代码：00830）I.Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%)1.The distinction between langue and parole was made by _______ early last century.( )A. American linguist N. ChomskyB. Swiss linguist F. de SaussureC. American linguist Edward SapirD. British linguist J. R. Firth2.The sounds that begin and end the words church and judge are voiceless and voiced _______, respectively.( )A. stopsB. fricativesC. affricatesD. plosives3.In the word unreliable, the prefix “un-” is a(n) _______ morpheme.( )A. freeB. boundC. rootD. inflectional4.Words in a sentence are organized into groups of lexical _______, commonly known as partsof speech.( )A. verbsB. nounsC. phrasesD. categories5.The words stationary and stationery are identical in sound, but different in spelling and meaning. They are _______.( )A. complete homonymsB. homographsC. hyponymsD. homophones6. The illocutionary point of _______ is to express the psychological state specified in the utterance.( )A. directivesB. expressivesC. commissivesD. representatives7. Grimm pointed out that certain phonological changes must have occurred early in the history of the Germanic languages, which did not take place in _______, Greek, or Latin.( )A. EnglishB. SanskritC. GermanD. Danish8. Language planning refers to any attempt by a government, etc. to choose a particular speechvariety and spread the use of it, including its pronunciation and spelling systems, across _______ boundaries.( )A. socialB. regionalC. culturalD. political9. The case of Phineas Gage showed us that _______.( )A. human language ability is not located in the brain because Phineas’ brain was so damaged and he could still speakB. human language ability is located in the right hemisphere of the brainC. if human language ability is located in the brain, it is not situated right at the backD. if human language ability is located in the brain, it is not situated right at the front10. The Chinese sound/d/in English interlanguage pronunciation of “dat” for “that” bel ongs to _______ error.( )A. fossilizationB. transferC. interferenceD. overgeneralizationII. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1% ×10=10%)11. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be d_______.12. If you say door, new, two, senior, zoo, you will notice that the first sounds in all these words are a_______ sounds. The t and s are voiceless, and d, n and z are voiced. Only n is nasal.13. The word snowfall is a word formed by joining two separate words, i.e. “snow” and “fall.” This newly formed word is generally regarded as a c_______.14. A c_______ sentence contains two clauses joined by a linking word, such as “and,” “but,” “or.”15. Pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the two items are called r_______ opposites.16. All the speech acts that belong to the same category share the same purpose or the same i_______ point, but they differ in their strength or force.17. The [d] of spindle is developed between an adjacent [n] and [l]. Such a process or change in which successive sounds are separated by an intervening segment is known as e_______.18. The two (or possibly more) groups use their native languages as a basis for a rudimentary language of few lexical items and “straightforward” grammatical rules. Such a m_______ language is called pidgin.19. The brain’s neurological specialization for language is called linguistic l_______, which psycholinguists are particularly interested in.20. Within the framework of C_______ Analysis, second language learning was believed to be a matter of overcoming the differences between L 1 and L2 systems.III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and then give the correct version. (2%×10=20%)21.( ) The arbitrary nature of language makes it possible for language to have an unlimited source of expressions.22.( ) When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment that occurs in the same place in the string, then the two words are called minimal pairs. Sip and zip are a minimal pair, as are fine and vine, and veal and leaf.23.( ) The meaning of a compound is the combination of themeanings of the words in the compound.24.( ) The structure that occurs after movement takes place is what we term as surface structure.25.( ) The predication analysis of a sentence only applies to statements and interrogative forms.26.( ) Speech act theory was proposed by the British philosopher John Austin in the late 1950s.27.( ) Derivation covers various processes of word formation by the addition of affixes, such as the creation of adjectives from nouns (professional < profession), nouns from verbs (computer < compute), adjectives from verbs (conceivable < conceive), and verbs from nouns (eulogize < eulogy).28.( ) In Black English, when the verb is negated, the indefinite pronouns something, somebody, and some become the negative indefinites nothing, nobody, and none, such as He don’t know nothing. Such double negation constructions indicate that speakers of Black English are deficient because they use language “illogically.”29.( ) The right hemisphere controls voluntary movements of, and responds to signals from, the right side of the body.30.( ) Language acquisition is primarily the acquisition of the grammatical system of language.IV. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration. (3% ×10=30%)31. displacement32. general linguistics33. assimilation rule34. derivational affix33. hierarchical structure36. semantic triangle37. grammatical meaning38. cooperative principle39. high variety40. right ear advantageV. Directions: Answer the following questions. (10%×2=20%)41. New words can be formed in many ways. Please illustrate borrowing, compounding, blending and back-formation, each with two examples.42. Describe briefly what stages children go through in their first language acquisition.。

绝齢启用荊2392016年4月髙等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试现代语言学试卷（课程代码00830)本试卷共4页•就分100分，考试时间150分钟。

骞生答题注遇事顼：■1. 本雄所有试題必须在答题卡上作答。

答衣试卷上无效•试卷空白外和背页均可作草犒纸。

2. 第一部分为透择瓯。

必须对应试卷上的鬆号使用铅笔将"答龍卡”的相应代码涂關。

3. 第二部分为非选择题。

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第一部分选择题（共20分）I. Directions； Read each of the following statemcnU oinefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completesthe ^tAtement and blackca the corresponding letter 人B> C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. （2% X 10=20%）1. In distinguishing langue and parole, Saussure took a __________________ view of language and hisnotion of langue is a matter of social conventions・A. sociologicalC. historicalB. psychological D. culturalZ A front vowel is one in the production of which the front part of the tongue maintains theposition.A. highest •B. lowestC. frontD. back3. A very common way to form new words in English is to add affixes to existing forms. For example, neacheT is formed by addingthe aflix -«r to 1hc existing form reach二and M enlarge** is created by adding th« affix gn・to the existing form “large"・ Theseaffixes Are called affixes.A. inflectionalC・ grammatical B. dcrivatioMlD・ morphological4. The following subjects Ml into the field of syntax EXCEPT _ •A. sentence strutlurcC・ grammatical relationsB・ syntactic categories D. sense relations现代iSi?^试淞笫i m•（共4页）5. All of the following are correct for the componential features of M girr EXCEPT ______________________ .A. 4-HUMAN B・-ANIMATEC. -ADULTD. -MALE6. According to the maxim of manner under the Cooperative Principle, participants of aconversation are expected to __________ ・A. avoid obseurity of expressionB. be relevantC・ be polite D. say ^vhat they believe to be true7. Prior to the sixteenth century, the sentence M You can stay, stay not you」is grammatical, but itdianges into <fc You can stay, can" you?* in Modem English, which illustrates the phenomenon of •A. rule changeB. rule addition.C. rule loss D. morphological change8. The distinctive features of Black English persist NOT for reasons.A- racial B socialG educational 、‘ •D< economic9. In terms of language centw* ___________ K responsible for physical articulation of utterances.A. Broca's area .B. Wemicke^ areaC・ the angular gyrus … 、 D・ the Motor area10. Despite the fact that children are still acquiring Aspects of their native language through the later years ofchildhood, they are normally assumed to have completed the greater part of the language acquisition process by the age ofA. twoB. threeC. fourD. five现代语汗学试卷第2页（共4页）第二部分非选择题（共80分）IL Dirc^tioas i Fill in the blank on the ANSWER SHEET in cuch of the following statements with one word> the first letter of which is alrcidy given as ・ due. Note that you Are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. <1%X1O-1O%)11. Language is x _________________ because the primary medium is sound for «11 language, nomatter how well developed their writing systems are.12. Stress is a relative notion; only words with two or more $ ___________________ can be said to haveword stress.13. Just □ ■ phoneme is the basic unit in the study of phonology, so is a Q _______________________ thebasic unit in the study of morphology.14. A complex sentence usually eontaJru two clauses, one of which is incorporated into the other.The incorporated sentence is called an embedded clause, and the clause into which it is embedded is called a n) ___________________________________ dwK-15. The famous quotation **We shall know a word by the c __________________ i t keeps** was proposedby Firth.16. Tbc significance of Grice's CP lies in that it explains how it is possible for the speaker toeonvey more than is 1 ______________ said.17* As for the linguistic change of English, the s ___________________ system has obviously undergone more radical changes than other components of the grammar.18. Most bilingual communities have a fairly cl«r funptipnal di ffcrentiaiion of the two languagesin respect of speech situations known as d _______________ .19. The strong notion that language determines thoughl is called linguistic d ___________________ •20. According to Krashen r ] is defined as a process of accumulatingknowledge of llie vocabulary and grammar of a second language, particularly through formal instruction.HI. Directions： Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for fake on tke ANSWER SHEET. If you think a statement b you must explaiR why you think so and then give the correctversion.21. The dual nature of language is well illustrated by a famous quotation from Shakespeare^ p£y ■Romfro andJuliet”： *4A rose by any other name would smell as sweet"22. Vowels arc usually distinguished according to the following three factors: the position of the tongue in themouthy the shape of the lips, and the kngth of the vowels. Thus, the English vowel (i:J canbc described as high, close, and long.现代语汗学试卷第3页（共4页）23. Like derivatiorK compounding is another popular ond important way of fbrmiAg new words in English.24. A language has major and minor lexical categories of a finite scL Major catcgori&s arc closed categories andminor categories arc open categories.25. In the figure representing Bloomfield^ story about Jaek and Jill the capitalized letters S & Rrepresent meanings of vcd>id IxhtLviw in the relation bdvreen speech while the small tetters h represent practical events or physical activities・26. Piagjmatics and semantics are both linguistic studies of meaning.27. The Austronesian family comprises up to one thousand diflerent languages scattered over Australia.28. Although both pidgins and creoles originate as highly restricted verruculars of a particular kind, creoles can incertain circumstances achieve the status of standards.29. For most individuals, the left hemisphere is dominant for languid, regardless of handiness.30. Individual learner factors contribute to the success of SLA ・IV. Directionst Explain the following terms and give examples for illustration where apprOpHAte. C3% X 10=30% )3L performance32. assimilation rules33. inflcciional affixes34. syntax3S・ collocation36. Maxim of quantity37. cognate35. idiolect39. cerebral plasticity40. behaviorist learning theoryV. Directions： Answer the foFloivlng. questions. (10%X2=20%)41. Explain with at least 2 examples wh^t a finite clause is and leiI 讪ich of the following 4 sentences arc NOT finiteclaujcj.A. The weather being fine.B. The book to be finished・C. When we got there.D. John asked Maiy to leave early.42. Describe the similarities and diflerenccs between a pidgin and a lingua firanca.绝密★启用审2016年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试现代诺言方试卷笫4页（共4页》现代语言学试題答案及评分参考(课程代码00830)1 ・Retd tieh df tht following statements eircfutty. Decide which one or the foureholecs best completes the $Utcmrot ・nd put (he letter A f C, ar D In the brackets. (2%X 10-20%)I. A 2. A 3・D 4. D 5. B 6.A 7. D 8.A 9. D 10. DI!・ Directions： Fili In the bhnk in each of the following statement 9 word9 (I H firfl kttcr of which b already gbxa as n Hue Note (but y<m arc Co nil in ONE word only, and yeu arcn<>t ullow^j tocb^Dgc (tec letterRhen. <I%X 19-10%)II. weal 12. syllables13. nwepheme 14. matrix1$. company 16. Ihcrdly17. sound l& domains19. detenninism 20. learningHI. Directions： Judge whether web of the folloHviflg statevneats is traeor th Ise. Fut a T for true or F Tor fnk< in： the brackets in front of each Btotcmcnt If you thinka stQtcmcot it fabe, you must explain why you tbimk so isd then give the eurrect version. (2%X1O«2O%)2L FThe conventional or arbitrary Mftw of linguage is well illustrated by 0 famous quotMion from Shakespeare1! play u R.omeo and Juliets *A by any other mme would ^mell as sweet.n评分标准：备对側2分；iEWW断钳谋扣全分.糾正縮厲不罕阳情抑分・22. PVowel are usually distinguished according to the following three factors: the position of the tongue in the mouth, the shape ofthe Fp^and the length of the vpwe匕Thus, the 心gli处vowel [3：] can be described as front, close, and lon&评分标冷：答对得2分弓正慎判斷钳溟扣全分.纠正错泡不当，酌侑扭分.现代话言学试卷B I « (^4 K)23. T评分标准：备对得Z分；if课判断儒谋和全分。

2017年4月高等教育自学考试《现代语言学》试题课程代码：00830I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and blacken the corresponding letter A, B,C orD on the ANSWER SHEET. (2% X 10=20%)1. Language is "the institution whereby humans communicate and interact with each otherby means of habitually used oral-auditory arbitrary symbols," which was proposed byA. ChomskyB. HallC. SapirD. Saussure2. Of the following features, is NOT a suprasegmental feature.A. stressB. toneC. intonationD. phoneme3. The rules that govem which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a new wordare called rules.A. phonologicalB. morphologicalC. syntacticD. semantic4. In the X-bar theory, the specifier of the phrase very curious of the answer isA. veryB. curiousC. theD. answer5. Predication analysis is a way to analyze meaning.A. sentenceB. utteranceC. lexicalD. pragmatic6. A analysis of an utterance reveals what the speaker intends to do with it.A. syntacticB. semanticC. pragmaticD. psycholinguistic7. The work of the marked the beginning of the discovery of Indo-Europeanlanguage family.A. British scholar Sir William JonesB. German linguist Franz BoppC. Danish scholar Rasmus RaskD. German scholar Jacob Grimm8. There is a difference between what we know, which is our linguistic competence, andhow we use this knowledge in actual speech production and , which is ourlinguistic performance.A. communicationB. comprehensionC. creationD. perception9. When we speak, words are sent to ., which determines the details of their formand pronunciation.A. Wemicke's areaB. Broca's areaC. the angular gymsD. the motor area10. When children's language develops towards the early stage, negative wordsoccur at the beginning of expressions, for example, "No mitten," "No singing song".A. prelinguisticB. one-wordC. two-wordD. multiword第二部分非选择题(共80分)II. Directions: Fill in the blank on the ANSWER SHEET in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which isalready given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1% × 10=10%)11. Similar to Saussure, Chomsky thinks that what linguists should study is the ideal peaker'scompetence, not his p , which is too haphazard to be studied.12. The a rule assimilates one sound to another by "copying" a feature of a sequential phoneme.13. Syntactically, the part of speech of a compound is generally determined by the part of speech of the s element.14. A c sentence contains two or more clauses, one of which is incorporatedinto the other.15. Whether a sentence is semantically meaningful is governed by rules called s restrictions.16. According to John Austin, p were sentences which did not state a fact ordescribe a state, and were not verifiable.17. Language change is largely a process of b between the simplification and theelaboration of rules, between the need to reduce memory burdens and the need tomaintain communicative clarity.18. Sociolinguists are particularly interested in three types of speech variety, or dialects,namely, r dialects, social dialects, and registers.19. For most individuals, the I hemisphere is dominant for language.20. Adults are motivated to learn a second language because of a communicative need. Theymay learn a second language in order to use it socially, in which case imotivation occurs.III Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false on the ANSWER SHEET. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and then give the correct version. (2%)<10=20%)21. The grammar taught to learners of a language today is still basically descriptive in thesense that it tells leamers what they should say, or what is supposed to be correct usage.22. The study of the speech sounds which distinguish meaning is called phonetics.23. A bound root, often seen as part of a word, can never stand by itself although it bearsclear, definite meaning.24. Pronoun is a major lexical category in the English language.25. There are two aspects to sentence meaning: lexical meaning and semantic meaning.26. The illocutionary point of representatives is to commit the speaker to something's beingthe case, to the troth of what has been said.27. Many of the most basic terms in the English language originate from Middle English.28. The sentence "He crazy" is acceptable in Black English vemacular because the absenceof the copula "be" is an obvious feature of Black English.29. According to Eric Lenneberg, prior to the completion of the lateralization process bothbrain hemispheres are involved to some extent in language.30. It is widely recognized that children across cultures follow a similar route ofdevelopment in acquiring their native language.IV. Directions: Explain the following terms and give examples for illustration where appropriate. (3% ~ 10=-30%)31. productivity32. phones33. bound morphemes34. universal grammar35. entailment36. commissives37. blending38. speech community39. brain lateralization40. Krashen's learningV. Directions: Answer the following questions. (10% ~ 2=20%)41. Explain the deletion rule with examples.42. Please define semantic change and illustrate the major types of semantic change withexamples.。

2019年4月高等教育自学考试《现代语言学》试题课程代码：00830I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and blacken the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (2%×10=20%)1. Linguistics is generally defined as the study of language.A. synchronicB. scientificC. specificD. diachronic2. aims to discover how speech sounds in a language form patterns and how these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic communication.A. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. PhoneD. Phoneme3. The American SLA scholar proposed the distinction between acquisition and learning.A. F. de SaussureB.N. ChomskyC. S. KrashenD.B.F. Skinner4. The basic unit in the study of morphology isA. phoneB. wordC. phonemeD. morpheme5. One of major mental functions controlled by the right hemisphere of the brain isA. temporal orderingB. holistic reasoningC. calculationD. analytic reasoning6. Traditionally the three major types of sentences are , and sentences.A. full / partial / incompleteB. affirmative / interrogative / imperativeC. positive / negative / neutralD. simple / coordinate or compound / complex7. In sociolinguistics, the more standard variety is called the variety, which is used for more formal or serious matters, such as speeches made in government, the media, school, or church.A. IowB. highC. authoritativeD. official8. The sense relation that holds between the two wordsfiower and rose isA. polysemyB. homonymyC. hyponymyD. synonymy9. While the meaning of a sentence is abstract, and decontextualized, the meaning of a(n)is concrete, and context-dependent.A. wordB. phraseC. idiomD. utterance10. Historical linguistics is the subfield of linguistics that studies language change, therefore, it mainly adopts a approach.A. diachronicB. synchronicC. descriptiveD. prescriptiveII. Directions: Fill in the blank on the ANSWER SHEET in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%)11. D features refer to the defining properties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of communication.12. English consonants can be classified either in terms of m of articulation or in terms of place of articulation.13. Language acquisition is concerned with language d in humans.14. Bound morphemes include two types: roots and a15. The brain is divided into two roughly symmetrical halves, called h , one on the right and one on the left.16. The theory of Case Condition accounts for the fact that n phrases appear only in subject and object positions.17. A particular r may be used by a particular group of people, usually sharing the same occupation like doctors, teachers, and lawyers, or the same interests, such as stamp collectors, football fans.18. R means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world; it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.19. According to John Austin, p were sentences that did not state a fact or describe a state and were not verifiable.20. It is generally accepted that the history of the English language is divided into the periods of O English, Middle English and Modem English.III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false on the ANSWER SHEET. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and then give the correct version. (2%×10=20%)21. According to F. de Saussure, parole is concrete, while langue is abstract.22. There are two nasals in English: [m] [n].23. Studies of the effect of formal instruction in general support the hypothesis that instruction decides SLA.24. Since a compound is a word, its components cannot be written separately.25. For most individuals, the left hemisphere is dominant for language, regardless of handiness.26. The arrangement of words in a linear sequence entails that sentences are simply linearly -structured.27. A euphemism is a mild, direct or less offensive word or expression substituted when the speaker or writer fears more indirect wording might be harsh, unpleasantly offensive.28. When two words are identical in spelling, they are homophones.29. If one says what he believes to be false, he violates the maxim of quantity.30. The most vigorous and on-going change in the historical development of a language is the change in its vocabulary.IV. Directions: Explain the following terms and give examples for illustration where appropriate. (3%×10=30%)31. applied linguistics32. International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)33. language transfer34. inflectional affixes35. linguistic lateralization36. branching nodes37. semantics38. illocutionary act39. historical linguistics40. lingua francaV. Directions: Answer the following questions. (10%×2=20%)41. Of the two media of language, speech and writing, which is more basic in the view of modem linguistics? Explain the reasons.42. What are the major views concerning the study of meaning? Explain them briefly.。

2004年下半年高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试现代语言学试卷（课程代码0830）第一部分选择题Ⅰ.Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets.(2%×10=20%)1.Chomsky uses the term ( ) to refer to the actual realization of a language user’s knowledge of the rules of his language in linguistic communication.A. langueB. competenceC. paroleD. performance2.In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds [t][d][s][z][n] share the feature of ( ).A. palatalB. alveolarC. bilabialD. dental3.Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by ( ) in 1957.A. L. BloomfieldB. F. SaussureC. N. ChomskyD.M. A. K. Halliday4.Natural languages are viewed to vary according to ( ) set on UG principles to particular values.A. Adjacent ConditionB. parametersC. Case ConditionD. Case requirement5. Synonyms are classified into se veral kinds. The kind to which“girl”and“lass” belong is called ( ) synonyms.A. stylisticB. dialectalC. emotiveD. collocational6. The illocutionary point of ( ) is to express the psychological state specified in the utterance.A. representativesB. commissivesC. expressivesD. declaratives7. Modern English words man, woman, child, eat, fight, ect. originate from ( ).A. Middle EnglishB. Old EnglishC. FrenchD. Norman French8. In a diglossic country, the two diglossic forms of a language are generally two varieties of the same language, but there are situations in which the H-variety may have no ( ) relationship with the L-variety.A. geneticB. socialC. directD. close9.Many aphasics do not show total language loss. Rather, different aspects of language are impaired. Aphasics in ( ) area reveal word-finding difficulties and problems with syntax.A. Werniker’sB. visualC. motorD. Broca’s10. ( ) motivation occurs when the learner desires to learn a second language in order to communicate with native speakers of the target language.A. InstrumentalB. FunctionalC. IntegrativeD. Social第二部分非选择题（共80分）Ⅱ. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.(1％×10=10％)11. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be d .12. Stops, fricatives, affricates, liquids, and glides all have some degree of o and are therefore consonants.13. M is the smallest meaningful unit of language.14. A is the movement of an auxiliary verb to the sentence-initial position, such as “be”, “have”, “do” etc.15. R is what a linguistic form refers to in the real world; it is a matter of the relationship between form and the reality.16. In Austin’s early speech act theory, c were statements that either state or describe, and were thus verifiable.17. In the process of first language acquisition, children usually construct their personal grammars, and their language develops in stages until it a the grammatical rules of the adult language.18. A s community is one group, all of whose members share the same language or at least a single language variety.19. People may communicate their feelings or thoughts via n signals such as facial expressions, gestures, postures, or proxemic space.20. Although the development of a communicative system is not unique to human beings, the natural acquisition of l as a system of highly abstract rules and regulations for creative communication is what distinguishes humans from all other animal species.Ⅲ.Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version. (2％×10=20％)21. ( ) The writing system of a language is always a later invention used to record speech; thus there are still many languages in today’s wo rld that can only be spoken, but not written.22. ( ) In such sound combinations as /bi:p/, /geip/ and /su:p/, the voiceless stop /p/, occurring in the final position, is unaspirated, i.e. pronounced with the strong puff of air withheld to some extent.23. ( ) The part of speech of the compound is always determined by the part of speech of the second element, without exception.24. ( ) The relationship between the embedded clause and its matrix clause is one of a part to the whole.25. ( ) The contextualist view of meaning holds that meaning should be studied in terms of the situational context and linguistic context.26. ( ) Searle’s classification of illocutionary acts is based on the classification of performative verbs.27. ( ) One kind of language change results in an increase of the number of exceptional or irregular morphemes. This kind of change has been called internal borrowing—that is, we “borrow” from one part of the grammar and apply the rule generally.28. ( ) There are differences in the way people of various age categories speak. The differences most easily noted by the layman are likely to be grammatical in nature.29. ( ) The left hemisphere of the brain is superior to the right hemisphere because the left hemisphere is language-dominant.30 ( ) A child born to a Chinese or English speaking family takes about the same number of years to acquire their native tongue, regardless of their general intelligence.Ⅳ.Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration.(3％×10=30％)31. assimilation rule32. root33. bound morphemes34. surface structure35. grammaticality36. elaboration37. bilingualism38. creole39. the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis40. fossilizationⅤ. Answer the following questions.(10％×2=20％)41. The phonological features that occur above the level of individual sounds are called suprasegmental features. Discuss the main suprasegmental features, illustrating with examples how they function in the distinction of meaning.42. Explain and give examples to show in what way componential analysis is similar to the analysis of phonemes into distinctive features.。

全国2018年4月自学考试现代汉语试题课程代码：00535一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1．下列属于汉语特点的是（）A．汉语有严格意义的形态变化B．汉语是单音节语C．汉语语句的修饰语用在中心语的前边D．汉语属于没有声调的语言2．下列一组均属于塞擦音的声母是（）A．f s sh r x h B．z zh j q c chC．z c j q ɡk D．b p d t ɡk3．下列一组均属于二合后响复韵母的是（）A．ai ei ao ou uo B．ia ie ua uo üeC．ia ie ua uo ou D．ao ai ia ie ua4．下列声韵调完全相同的一组字是（）A．军-晋B．讶-芽C．织-汁D．峦-岚5．在普通话中，不．能和合口呼韵母相拼的声母是（）A．双唇音B．唇齿音C．舌面音D．舌尖后音6．“这药好苦啊”和“你叫我怎么讲啊”中的“啊”应分别读作（）A．wa nɡa B．ya naC．za ra D．wa ra7．秦始皇统一六国后推行的标准汉字形体是（）A．金文B．大篆C．小篆D．隶书8．“帘子”和“莲子”中的“子”（）A．都是词根B．都是词缀1C．前一个是词根，后一个是词缀D．前一个是词缀，后一个是词根9．“走马观花”中“走”的意义是词的（）A．本义B．基本义C．引申义D．比喻义10．下列各组词中都是外来词的是（）A．仓促、婆娑B．葡萄、沙发C．激光、科学D．物理、化学11．下列各组成语中，每个成员的构造类型都相同的是（）A．入木三分、嫁祸于人B．高人一等、层出不穷C．一衣带水、天衣无缝D．令行禁止、飞黄腾达12．“化学和和化学有关的学科”中两个“和”的词性分别是（）A．连词、介词B．连词、连词C．介词、介词D．介词、连词13．“人家小王长得几乎和明星一样”中“人家”和“一样”的词性分别是（）A．助词和助词B．助词和形容词C．名词和助词D．代词和形容词14．“有饭吃”和“有人吃”这两个短语分别是（）A．兼语短语、兼语短语B．兼语短语、连动短语C．连动短语、兼语短语D．连动短语、连动短语15．下列各项复杂的偏正短语中含有递加修饰语的是（）A．科学的春天的到来B．周围的一些学校C．美丽而富饶的祖国D．热带森林的景观16．下列短语中属于述宾短语的是（）A．吃得很饱B．听得清楚C．做得不好D．觉得很饱17．下面句子中的主语属于施事主语的是（）A．王老师给了我两张票B．两张票是王老师给我的C．听说这两张票很贵D．两张票被王老师送人了18．下列句子不．是主谓谓语句的是（）A．他连杭州还没去过呢B．杭州风景很美2C．杭州我去年去过D．杭州那地方他已经去过了19．下列句子中属于典型的比喻格的是（）A．这孩子长得像他爸爸B．这孩子长得像老王一样C．这孩子长得像小老虎D．这孩子像是累了20．“春天来了，百花拉着手，清风唱着歌，歌唱着生命和活力”中运用的修辞方式是（）A．比喻B．夸张C．借代D．比拟二、多项选择题(本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分)在每小题列出的五个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。