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现代语言学试题
题型举例
Ⅰ. Define the following terms, giving examples for illustration (20%; 5 terms ):
1.duality-----
2.free morpheme----
3.phonology ------
4.context-------
5.polysemy ------
Ⅱ. Indicate the following statements true or false (20%; 20 statements): ( )1. While language is arbitrary by nature, it is not entirely arbitrary.
( )2. Phonology is a branch of linguistics which studies the sentence pattern of a language.
( )3. Phonemes are the smallest meaningful unit of language.
( )4. Modern linguists regard the written language as primary, not the spoken. ( )5. English is a typical tone language.
Ⅲ. Fill each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given (20%; 20 blanks):
1. The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic
environments are called the a_________ of that phoneme.
2. A linguistic study is d___________ if it describes and analyses facts observed; it
is p___________ if it tries to lay down rules for correct behavior.
3. Competence is the ideal language user’s knowledge of his l____________, while
p____________ is the actual realization of this knowledge in utterances.
4. The two subtypes of affixes are p____________ and s_____________.
5. The description of a language at some point in time is a s______________ study.
6. P_______________ can be defined as the study of how speakers of a language use sentences
to effect successful communication.
7. The notion of c______________ is essential to the pragmatic study of language.
8. Normally, a sentence consists of at least a s__________________ and p_________________.
9. Morphology is the study of the internal s____________________ of words and the way in
which w______________ are formed.
10. G______________ antonyms may be seen in terms of degrees of the quality involved.
Ⅳ. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement (20 %; 20 statements):
1._______ are produced when the obstruction is complete at first, then released
slowly with friction resulting from partial obstruction.
A. Nasals
B. Glides
C. Fricatives
D. Affricates
2.The words “autumn” and “fall” are ____________.
A. synonyms differing in emotive meaning
B. collocationally-restricted synonyms
C. dialectal synonyms
D. synonyms differing in styles
3.The word “unhappiness” has ____________ morphemes.
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. four
4.The word “girls” has ______________ morphemes.
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. four
5.In English, “un-” and “dis-” are called ______________.
A. prefixes
B. suffixes
C. infixes
D. grammatical words
6. A word with several meaning is called _____________.
A. an abnormal word
B. a polysemous word
c. a synonymous word D. none of the above
nguage is _________________, which means that there is no logical connection
between meanings and sound.
A. productive
B. arbitrary
C. dual
D. universal
8.Which of the following sounds is a voiceless bilabial stop?
A. [p]
B. [m]
C. [b]
D. [t]
9.The pair of words “buy” and “sell” are ___________.
A. gradable antonyms
B. relational antonyms
C. synonyms
D. co-hyponyms
10.F. de Saussure is a(n) _________________.
A. American
B. British
C. Swiss
D. Russian
