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美国文学期末复习
选择题
Unit 2
1) To Montresor, the fatal weakness of Fortunato is his _______ for his connoisseurship in wine.
A) knowledge
B) arrogance
C) faith
D) seeming ignorance
2) Montresor wants to take revenge on Fortunato during the carnival because _______ .
A) almost all the people would habitually celebrate the festival, excessively drinking and dancing in delight and giving less attention to other activities beyond celebration.
B) Fortunato would be too busy as a wine connoisseur during the festival so that he might not see through the tricky plan of Montresor to put an end to his life.
C) he would work together with Fortunato during the festival so as to have chance to kill him.
D) he chooses the time at random instead of a deliberate scheme.
3) In the story Amontillado is known as the good wine whose _______ , as Montresor deceptively claims, has strong appeal to Fortunato.
A) taste and smell
B) reputation and taste
C) reputation and quantity
D) recommendations by Italian virtuosos
4) Who is Luchresi ?
A) a boy in the bar
B) a arrogant neighbor
C) a wine connoisseur
D) a Sherry producer
5) As Montresor and Fortunato walk further into the catacomb, the latter keeps coughing because
A) the nitre hanging like moss upon the vaults increases to strongly provoke him.
B) he pretends so in order to encourage himself.
C) he takes Nemo me impune lacessit.
D) the nitre distills the rheum of intoxication.
6) Before taking his last breath, Fortunato still seems unable to perceive the intention of Montresor, mistaking what Montresor does to him as a very good joke, indeed —an excellent jest. Why does he react so slowly?
A) Fortunato has drunk too much to see his coming death.
文档Word
B) Poe intends to use Fortunato's slow comprehension as a foil to the blackness of Montresor 's well-planned revenge.
C) Fortunato wants to get Montresor's mercy by fooling him this way so that he may free himself from the threshold of death.
D) It is only Montresor's illusion because Fortunato has been dead when the former builds up the eleven tiers of the stone wall.
7) Where does the story take place?
A) It is only a psychological experience without the setting in reality.
B) Poe never intends to give any information about the setting.
C) It couldn't be identified.
D) Italy as the setting of the story is only hinted in such as the names of characters and those of wines.
8) Montresor and Fortunato mean wealth and reasure in the Italian language, symbolically mirroring _______ .
A) their identical parentage
B) something hidden as their mutual weakness
C) their mutual love of gold
D) their mutual mania for material possession
9) As it is suggestive of the Italian culture where the story is set, the word Palazzo means
_______ .
A) a fancy restaurant serving good wines
B) a large, splendid residence or building such as a palace or museum for public activities
C) a dreamy place as paradise
D) a place as storage of wine
10) The story end with a Latin quotation In pace requiescat, by which Poe hints that
_______ .
A) Montresor thinks he will die soon
B) Montresor seems to be sorry for the death of Fortunato
C) Montresor's hatred for Fortunato is still so strong that he couldn't get it over even when he murdered the latter half a century ago
D) Montresor eventually regrets for what has done to Fortunato and implores God to give peace to the latter
参考答案BACCA BDBBC
Unit 4
The Scarlet Letter is set in Boston because this town as one of the largest 1) The story of communities of European immigrants of the time could stand in many ways for ________.
A) the Puritan culture;
B) the Continental culture;
C) the typical culture of the native Indians;
D) the trend of immigration.
2) Generally speaking, the Puritan culture is characterized by ________.
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A) its moral rigor and its hostility to social pleasures and indulgences.
B) a stress on education and simplicity of life.
C) a stress on human creation and free will.
D) its concern for the afterlife of man.
3) Antinomian refers to a person who believes ________.
A) that all the laws are harmful to human freedom.
B) that Puritanism is the key to all social problems.
C) that the Gospel frees Christians from required obedience to any law, whether scriptural, civil, or moral, and that salvation is attained solely through faith and the gift of divine grace. D) that moral power is the strongest and most useful for man's self-perfection and social development.
4) Why do people call Hester Prynne “Madam Hester”or “Mistress Prynne”, respectively?
A) It reflects their habitual use of the English language.
B) It makes no difference.
C) It hints their social status.
D) It shows their different attitudes toward her.
5) Why doesn't Hawthorne explicitly tell his audience the weaver of the scarlet letter upon
the bosom of Hester Prynne, though its image he presents is “so fantastically embroidered and illuminated”?
A) It means that no one knows the identity of the weaver.
B) It means that he wants to increase the suspension of the story.
C) He is reluctant to tell it because the weaver is the Reverend Master Dimmesdale, who is seemingly free from the scandal at the moment.
D) He just hints that Hester Prynne is the weaver of the meaningful letter by way of the positive comment of a spectator on her skills at needlework, because he seems to think that such an indirect narrative helps mirror how much she has tried to reclaim herself without the public knowledge.
6) The grim beadle loudly orders Hester Prynne to show her scarlet letter to all the spectators
in the market place, as he desires to ________.
A) make all the spectators know the power he has in the community.
B) fulfill his duty there.
C) humiliate her as an adulterous woman.
D) gratify the demand of the spectators.
7) As it is compared to “the guillotine among the terrorists of France”, the scaffold, in the front of which Hester Prynne and her daughter are humiliated, symbolizes ________.
A) the severity of the social punishment on her.
B) the long history of humiliating the convict in the market place.
C) her courage in face of dilemma.
D) the on-going influence of the European law in America.
8) Whom does “the image of Divine Maternity”refer to?
A) Hester Prynne.
B) Blessed Virgin Mary as the mother of Jesus Christ.
C) Hester Prynne's mother living in England.
D) The mother of a papist.
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9) It is by associating the figure of Hester Prynne to “the image of Divine Maternity”that Hawthorne intends to show that ________.
A) He is sympathetic with Hester Prynne.
B) he looks down on the cowardice of Dimmesdale.
C) Hester Prynne's visage resembles that of the Virgin Mary.
D) as Virgin Mary is sinless, so is Hester Prynne.
10) Standing on the scaffold and looking downwards at the assembly, Hester Prynne suddenly clutches her daughter so fiercely to her breast that it sends forth a cry, because she wants to ________.
A) distract herself from the dreadful gaze of the assembly.
B) assure herself that her daughter is still with her.
C) wake herself up from somewhat incontroable illusion about her early life.
D) wake up her daughter.
参考答案AACDD CABDC
Unit 5
1) There are many biblical allusions in Moby Dick such as characters' names, which often have symbolic meaning. The narrator Ishmael as an example in point was the son of Abraham and cast out after the birth of Isaac, and as the Old Testament tells, he is traditionally considered to be the forebear of the Arabs. Ishmael may be symbolically seen as ________.
A) an outsider when an event takes place.
B) a marginalized participant when an event takes place.
C) a witness with holy mission.
D) a marginalized participant/survivor in a disastrous event.
2) Why does Melville name the White Whale Moby Dick and call him so in the story instead of the whale or the white whale?
A) He seems to personify the evil and mysterious whale representing all that is mysteriously powerful and antagonistic to mankind.
B) It is common in the West to give a creature a human name.
C) He names it so for the convenience of his narration.
D) He happens to do it without any connotation.
3) Moby Dick gives a comprehensive and detailed account of whale fishing such as location, ship, skills, and various kinds of facilities because ________.
A) whale fishing was already a developed industry in the nineteenth century, with which Melville was familiar.
B) Melville was fond of whale fishing and he had such experiences.
C) Melville thinks it necessary to give a realistic picture of whale fishing when narrating the
story of Moby Dick.
文档Word
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D) Melville wants to appeal to his urban readers by presenting something beyond their everyday experiences.
4) Why does Captain Ahab make his mind to hunt for Moby Dick despite of the opposition of many whale men as well as the risk of the fatal destruction on his crew?
A) He never takes the advice of others.
B) His crew want him to make that decision.
C) He doesn't think his pursuit is risky.
D) It shows their different attitudes toward her.
5) What does the Leviathan imply in the story?
A) It implies all perils in nature.
B) It is a monstrous sea creature mentioned in the Old Testament and thus its name is mentioned in the story to imply the fatally destructive nature of the White Whale.
C) It implies that the Leviathan is less aggressive than the whale.
D) It stands for the inexplicable power of all creatures such as the White Whale.
6) As the name of the Captain in the Pequod, Ahab is said to come from the Bible. If so, who is Ahab in the Bible?
A) He was a heroic captain who was good at sea adventures.
B) He was a prophet of the Egyptian.
C) He was a Pagan king of Israel and husband of Jezebel, who was killed by Jehu, an Israeli king proverbially known for his swift chariot driving.
D) He was a blind poet known for his songs of celebrating agricultural harvests.
7) What does Ahab imply as the name of the Captain in the Pequod?
A) It seems to imply that the captain is destined to die for his sailors.
B) It seems to imply that the captain is a kingly conqueror of all his enemies.
C) It seems to imply that the fate of the captain is predetermined as there is something fatally defective in his nature.
D) It seems to imply that this tragic captain embodies Melville's view on the fate of mankind.
8) To make Moby Dick an interestingly convincing story, Melville is good at ________.
A) picturing the whale fishery with deliberate exaggeration.
B) telling all the episodes in the omniscient third person.
C) characterizing his characters with exoticism.
1、The Colonial Period（1607-1765） American Puritanism ( in the early 17th century through the end of the 18th) 北美第一位女诗人Anne Bradstreet(宗教气息，夫妻恩爱) Edward Taylor 都受英国玄学派影响（metaphysical） 2、The Enlightenment and Revolution Period Benjamin Franklin:Poor Richard's Almanac The Autobiography---“美国梦”的根源 3、American Romanticism（end of 18th to the civil war） American writers emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature. 早期浪漫主义Washington Irving father of American Literature
Part I The Literature of Colonial America I．Historical Introduction The colonial period stretched roughly from the settlement of America in the early 17th century through the end of the 18th. The first permanent settlement in America was established by English in 1607. ( A group of people was sent by the English King James I to hunt for gold. They arrived at Virginia in 1607. They named the James River and build the James town.) II．The pre-revolutionary writing in the colonies was essentially of two kinds: 1) Practical matter-of-fact accounts of farming, hunting, travel, etc. designed to inform people "at home" what life was like in the new world, and, often, to induce their immigration 2) Highly theoretical, generally polemical, discussions of religious questions. III．The First American Writer The first writings that we call American were the narratives and journals of these settlements. They wrote about their voyage to the new land, their lives in the new land, their dealings with Indians. Captain John Smith is the first American writer. A True Relation of such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony (1608) A Map of Virginia: A Description of the Country (1612) General History of Virgini a (1624): the Indian princess Pocahontas Captain John Smith was one of the first early 17th-century British settlers in North America. He was one of the founders of the colony of Jamestown, Virginia. His writings about North America became the source of information about the New World for later settlers. One of the things he wrote about that has become an American legend was his capture by the Indians and his rescue by the famous Indian Princess, Pocahontas. IV．Early New England Literature William Bradford and John Winthrop John Cotton and Roger Williams Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor V．Puritan Thoughts 1. The origin of puritan In the mediaeval Europe, there was widespread religious revolution. In the 16th Century, the English King Henry VIII (At that time, the Catholics were not allowed to divorce unless they have the Pope's permission. Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife because she couldn't bear him a son. But the Pope didn't allow him to divorce, so he) broke away from the Roman Catholic Church & established the Church of
湖州师范学院外国语学院2008— 2009学年第二学期 《美国文学》期末考试试卷（A卷）答案暨评分标准 I. Write the names of the authors. (10%) ①Walt Whitman ②Edgar Allen Poe ③Wallace Stevens ④Franklin Norris ⑤Stephen Crane ⑥William Faulkner ⑦Sinclair Lewis ⑧John Steinbeck ⑨Langston Hughes ⑩Tennessee Williams II. Fill in the following blanks with appropriate information.（10%） ①New England ②Regionalism or Local color writing ③semi-autobiographical ④anti-realism ⑤Imagist ⑥Santiago ⑦multiple narrations or points of view ⑧1930 ⑨Harlem Renaissance ⑩Eugene O’Neill III. Choose only one answer form the four choices as the most appropriate answer. （20%） 1－5. A D C B B 6－10. D B E B A IV. Identify the author and the title of the work from which each of the following excerpts is taken. And then answer the question after each excerpt. (20%) Passage 1 the author: Walt Whitman (1%) the title of the work : Songs of Myself (1%) Question: What is the poet celebrating? (2%) The poet is celebrating individualism and nationalism, singing of all those people who form the American nationality.
Part one: Answer: 1—60 A,B,D,D,C/ D,A,B,A,D/ A,A,D,D,B/ C,C,B,D,C D A B D B/ A C B C D/ C D C D A/ B,A,C,A,D B,C,C,B,A/ D,A,B,D,D/ A,A,D,D,B/ C,C,A,D,C 1 1.Hawthorne’s masterpiece, one of the greatest novels of the world is The Scarlet Letter. 2.Emerson’s first startling book is Nature. 3.Ralph Waldo Emerson is the chief spokesman of this spiritual movement of Transcendentalism. 4.Washington Irving is worth the honor of being “for his literary craftsmanship for his literary craftsmanship. 5.The colonial influence over American Romanticism made American Romantic writers more moralize than their English counter-parts. 6.The impact of Darwin's evolutionary theory on the American thought and the influence of the 19th century French literature on the American men of letters gave rise to another school of realism: American Naturalism. 7.In the first part of the 20th century, apart from Darwinism, there were two thinkers the German Karl Marx and the Austrian Sigmund Freud, whose ideas had the greatest impact on the period. 8. In his poetry, Robert Frost made the colloquial New England speech into a poetic expression. The theme of returning to nature could be read in Leather-Stocking Tales by Cooper. 10. About the novel The Scarlet Letter, which of the following statements is not true? D A. It's very hard to say that it is a love story or a story of sin. B. It's a highly symbolic story and the author is a master of symbolism. C. It's mainly about the moral, emotional and psychological effects of the sin upon the main characters and the people in general. D. In it the letter A takes the same symbolic meaning throughout the novel. 11. Ezra Pound showed great interest in Chinese literature and translated the poetry of Li Bai into English. 12. Eli ot’s first major poem (1917 The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock , has been called the first masterpiece of modernism in English. 13. The Fitzgerald lived so extravagantly that they frequently spent more money than Fitzgerald earned for parties, liquor, entertaining their friends and traveling. It was this living style that nicknamed the decade of the 1920s as The Roaring Twenties,The Jazz age andThe Dollar Decade. 14. Hemingway was badly wounded in Italy and sent to a hospital where he fell in love with a nurse. These two persons later became the characters of his novel A Farewell to Arms
《英语文学文化及影视赏析》课程教学大纲 一、课程说明 1、课程名称（中英文）：英语文学文化及影视赏析/English Literature and Culture & Appreciation of English movies 2、学时学分：75学时理论教学，2学分 3、适用专业：非英语专业研究生 4、开课学院：外国语学院 5、课程负责人：姜萌萌 二、课程描述： 本课程拟对英语经典文学与相关文化概况进行简要介绍，并遴选英美国家的经典作家和作品，对其文学特色、文化背景进行分析。课程重视文学作品与时代背景、西方历史文化的联系，在教学中将理论与实践相结合，做到寓教于乐。在课内，不仅有作家作品、相关文化背景和信息的介绍、经典作品片段的解读，并通过课堂讨论以及影视作品的欣赏帮助学生最直观地理解西方文化与文学作品的文本意义。在课外，学生需要查阅相关资料，完成相关问题的回答与读书报告，以一种轻松愉悦并且多方面切入的方式学习、了解和体验英语文学文化。该课程目的在于通过英语文学文化的学习，提高学生对英语语言的掌握能力、增强对英语文学经典的理解力和对西方文化的审美能力，进一步养成对英语的敏感性，培养人文素质和文学涵养。 三、教材： 王守仁主编，《英国文学选读》，北京：高等教育出版社。 陶洁主编，《美国文学选读》，北京：高等教育出版社。 秦秀白，《英美国家概况》，北京：高等教育出版社。 王佐良，《欧洲文化入门》，北京：外语教学与研究出版社。 自编讲义 四、教学方式： 理论与实践相结合。 五、考核方式： 提交一篇与所学课程相关的课程论文，用英语完成。 总成绩=期末考试成绩70%+平时成绩30%（考勤占10%）
Works: Part 1. The Literature of Colonial America John Smith 1580-1631 1 first American writer A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony; A Map of Virginia with a Description of the Country; The General History of Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isles Roger Williams 1603-1683 1 Begins the history of religious toleration in America A key into the Language of America Edward Taylor 1612-1672 1 The best of the puritan poets No publishing of his work, most treat religious themes, many poems based directly on Psalms. Thomas Jefferson 1743-1826 1 The first American secretary of state Drafted the Declaration of Independence Thomas Paine托马斯·潘恩1737-1809 The Case of the Officers of Excise(his first pamphlet)税务员问题；Common Sense常识；American Crisis美国危机；Rights of Man人的权利：Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃；The Age of Reason理性时代Agrarian Justice --last important treaties 1 Great Commoner of Mankind 2 The most articulate spokesman of the American Revolution 3 natural gift for pamphleteering and rebellion Philip Freneau菲利普·弗伦诺1752-1832 Father of American Poetry The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲；The British Prison Ship英国囚船；To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳；The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花；The Indian Burying Ground 印第安人殡葬地 1 the most outstanding writer of the post-revolutionary period 2 “Poet of the American Revolution” 3 herald American literary independence
大四美国文学期末考试题型及例题： 1.选择/对错60分（40道选择，20个对错） 2.名词解释10分（5个） 3.选段配对10分（5个） 4.问答20分（10/2） 1．历史：Father / poetess… 2. 名作家：Hemingway, Faulkner, Poe, Hawthorne, Emerson 3．作品：The W asteland/Moby Dick/Scarlet Letter 1.a)选择题（40个，40分） 1. At the age of reason and revolution, Americans were influenced by the European movement called the ________. A. Chartist Movement B. Romanticist Movement C. Enlightenment Movement D. Modernist Movement 2. Which is NOT connected to Benjamin Franklin? ________ A. He was born in a poor family. B. He was a pious puritan. C. He was phrased as “Jack of all trades”. D. He was a master of diplomacy. 3. Ernest Hemingway is noted for the following EXCEPT ________. A. Lost Generation B. Iceberg theory C. American Dream D. Code Heroes 4. Which character is NOT from The Scarlet Letter? ________ A. Hester Prynne B. Roger Chillingworth C. Captain Ahab D. Pearl 5. Jack London’s semi-biographical novel ________well presents the disillusionment of American Dream. A. The American Tragedy B. The Call of the Wild C. Martin Eden D. The Grapes of Wrath b)判断对错题（20个，20分） 1. Poe’s masterpiece “To Helen” is written to memorize his deceased wife. (F) 2. The tone of “Annabel Lee” is optimistic and hopeful. (F) 3. Mark Twain's novel Jumping Frog was an artistic failure, but it gave its name to the America of the postbellum period which it attempts to satirize. (F) 4. Sister Carrie ended up in tragedy because she could not control her fate. (F)
一．The Literature of Colonial America(Puritanism) 1.The first English colony: Jamestown in Virginia in 1607 2.The first American writer: John Smith 3.Anne Bradstreet: first American woman poet; a Puritan poet; once called “Tenth Muse”; 二．Literature of Reason and Revolution War of Independence (1775-1783);The French and Indian War / the Seven Y ears’War(1756-1763) 1..Benjamin Franklin: Autobiography; Richard’s Almanac Maxims from Poor Richard’s Almanac (proverbs that give practical wisdom) 2..Thomas Paine (1737-1809): Common Sense: a strong push for the Revolution W ar; four parts (British enslavement of the colonies; praising democratic election; America’s economic and military potential to protect the rights of people) 3..Philip Freneau (1752-1832) The first American-born poet;“Poet of the American Revolution”, “Father of American Poetry”, the most significant poet of 18th century America W orks:The Wild Honey Suckle《野忍冬花》on mortality, The Indian Burying Ground 《印第安人殡葬地》on the imagined afterlife, The British Prison Ship《英国囚船》about his imprisoned experience. 三．Romanticism The American Romantic period is considered one of the most important periods, the first literary Renaissance, in the history of American literature. It stretches from the end of the 18th century through the outbreak of the Civil W ar. It started with the publication of W ashington Irving’s The Sketch Book and ended with Whitman’s Leaves of Grass. 1.Washington Irving (1783-1859) Literary status: the first American to earn an international reputation; Father of the American short stories The Sketch Book: winning him international popularity，the first modern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature. Major works: A History of New York from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty under the name of “Diedrich Knickerbocker
《美国文学选读》课程标准 一、课程性质与任务 美国文学选读是英语专业高年级的选修课。它与英美文学史密切结合，使学生在接触到浩繁的文学作品的同时，可以对繁杂的文学现象加以整理和梳理，并形成自己阅读文学作品的习惯，开阔视野，在学习过程中把握正确的理解文学作品的方法。美国文学选读通过向学生介绍文学作品及其作品创作的历史文化背景，培养学生阅读文学作品的兴趣，增强语感，增进学生对美国社会、历史、文化以及生活习俗的了解，提高他们对西方文学的欣赏能力及批评能力。 二、课程教学目标 1．知识目标 1）文学知识：通过本课程的学习，学生应深入、直观地理解各个时期的美国文学作品，把握其思想、语言及创作技巧上的特点；另外，还应对美国的文学评论流变具备相对清晰的认识。 2）语言知识：本课程是通过介绍不同文体的文学作品，深化学生对英语语言的认知、理解和应用的能力。并通过对不同时期英语原文资料的阅读和解析，以一种更加直观的方式了解这门语言的发展。 2．能力目标 1）文学作品鉴赏能力：通过作者作品的讲解，学生可以对作品的社会历史价值和艺术价值进行评价，培养并提高自我的鉴赏能力； 2）语言表达能力：通过课堂和课下阅读及评价任务的完成，学生的口头和书面表达能力能够得到全面的提高； 3）思辩能力：课上小组讨论环节和presentation环节能够激发学生的思辩能力，助其开拓思路，同时也为以后对英语的有效使用打下基础。 3．素质目标 1）文学文化修养：本课程作为英语专业高年级学生的素养课，旨在培养学生对美国文学及文化的理解，可以使学生以直观的方式全面接触这种语言和文化，并形成独立的开放的文化观，进一步强化其跨文化意识； 2）基本的研究素质：本课程通过对文学评论的介绍和讲解向学生传授文学鉴赏的不同视角，可使其具备基本的文学研究素质； 3）文学翻译的基础：本课程通过对文学作品的细读向学生介绍文字背后的人文、历史、政治、哲学及美学等因素，可为文学翻译课程提供较好的材料，并做好前期准备。 三、课程基本信息和内容要求
美国文学期末考试复习必备（精） 1. What’s Puritanism? A religious and political movement which appeals to the right of the individual to political & religious independence. It includes three parts: a code of values, a point of view & a philosophy of life 2. What are the basic Puritan beliefs? 1). Total Depravity 2). Unconditional Election 3). Limited Atonement 4). Irresistible Grace 5). Perseverance of the "saints" 3. What are American Puritan values? Sobriety thrift, Self-reliance Diligence, Struggle, simple tastes 4. What are the features of American literature in the Colonial Period? A. Humble origins: diaries, journals, histories, letters. Its various forms, occupy a major position in the literature of the early colonial period. B. in content: serving either god or colonial expansion or both C. in form: imitating English literary traditions. D. in style: tight and logic structure, precise and compact expression, avoidance of rhetorical decoration, adoption of homely imagery and simplicity of diction. E. Symbolism formed in this period ------To the pious Puritan, the physical, phenomenal world was nothing but a symbol of God. F. Simple, fresh and direct style
美国文学史复习（colonialism) 第一部分殖民主义时期的文学 一、时期综述 1、清教徒采用的文学体裁：a、narratives 日记b、journals 游记 2、清教徒在美国的写作内容： 1）their voyage to the new land 2) Adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops 3) About dealing with Indians 4) Guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit 3、清教徒的思想： 1）puritan want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices 净化信仰和行为方式 2) Wish to restore simplicity to church and the authority of the Bible to the theology. 重建教堂，提供简单服务，建立神圣地位 3）look upon themselves as chosen people, and it follow logically that anyone who challenged their way of life is opposing God's will and is not to be accepted. 认为自己是上帝选民，对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝 4）puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated. 反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步5）religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrathful God.强调上帝严厉的一面，忽视上帝仁慈的一面。 4、典型的清教徒：John Cotton & Roger William 他们的不同：John Cotton was much more concerned with authority than with democracy; William begins the history of religious toleration in America. 5、William的宗教观点：Toleration did not stem from a lack of religious convictions. Instead, it sprang from the idea that simply to be virtuous in conduct and devout in belief did not give anyone the right to force belief on others. He also felt that no political order or church system could identify itself directly with God. 行为上的德，信仰上的诚，并没有给任何人强迫别人该如何行事的权利。没有任何政治秩序和教会体制能够直接体现神本身的意旨。 6、英国最早移民到美国的诗人：Anne Bradstreet 7、在殖民时期最好的清教徒诗人：the best of Puritan poets is Edward Tayor. 学习指南： 1、Could you give a description of American Puritans? 关于美国清教徒的描绘 Like their brothers back in England, were idealists, believing that the church should be restored to the "purity" of the first-century church as established by Jesus Christ himself. To them religion was a matter of primary importance. They made it their chief business to see that man lived and thought and acted in a way which tended to the glory of God. They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God, all that John Calvin, the great French theologian who lived in Geneva had preached. It was this kind of religious belief that they brought with them into the wildness. There they meaant to prove that were God's chosen people enjoying his blessings on this earth as in Heaven. 2、Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety were the Puritan values that dominated much of the earliest American writing. 3、The work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet & Edward Taylor, rose to the level of real poetry.