学位英语语法精讲-限制性定语从句练习

定语从句讲解和练习一、概念: He is the boy who often goes to school late.先行词关系词定语从句They have a clever son.Do you know the man over there?I know the man who wrote the book.二、原则： a.定语从句必须紧紧地跟在先行词后面，限制修饰先行词。

b.定语从句必须用关系词来引导。

c.关系词在定语从句中作一个句子成分.三、扩大. She is the old woman whom I saw this morning.Mary is the girl whose parents work in Japan.Is this the key which you are looking for?October 1, 1949 is the day when New China was founded.This is the house where the great man was born.I don’t know the reason why she looks unhappy today.四、下列定语从句只能用that来引导：1.先行词为形容词最高级所修饰This is the longest bridge that I have ever seen.2.先行词为序数词所修饰This is the first composition that he has ever written in English.3.先行词既包括人又包括物They talked of things and persons that happened in the school.He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.4.主句是who或which开头的特殊疑问句中的定语从句Who is the man that came this morning?Which is the bag that you lost?5.先行词为the only, the very, the last, the same所修饰的定语从句He is the very person that the police are looking for.This is the only thing that I can remember.6.先行词是everything, nothing, something, all, little, much,everybody等不定代词Tell us everything that you know, please.Is there anything that you don’t understand?7.先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much修饰时All that glitters is not gold.I’ve read all the books that you gave me.五、只用which 情况有两种情况：1、非限制性定语从句，关连词要用which；2、做介词宾语时只能用which。

定语从句：精讲精例精练一、定语从句及相关术语1. 定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟它所修饰的先行词后面。

2. 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。

关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

①关系代词: that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；②关系副词: where, when, why 等。

3. 关系词的作用：①引导定语从句；②代替先行词；③在定语从句中担当一个成分。

二、关系代词引导的定语从句1. who指人，在从句中做主语(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。

(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。

(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom;指物时，相当于which。

在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。

(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?(6) Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?三、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for一(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.(5) We'll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.(6) We'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that ;指物时用which, 不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose(1) The man with who you talked is my friend. (F)(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (T)(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)3. 介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.4. 介词+which/whom ,介词的选择方法：(1) 动词+ ?介词：talk +with/to/about/of ••-(2) 介词？ +先行词：at school/home on this day on the farm(3) 句子意思: behind/in front of/beside/next to/ ••- + the classroom四、关系副词引导的定语从句：主谓宾齐全，考虑关系副词when,where,why1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2) The time when we got together finally came.2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) I don't know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.(3) Great changes have taken place in the citywhee / in which I was born.五. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句的引导词：who(m), which, when, where, 介词+which/whom(*that, why不能引导定语从句)1. 限制性定语从句：句子必不可少的部分,没有逗号,翻译成1句。

人教版必修第一册unit4语法讲练--限制性定语从句（1）在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫作定语从句。

被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。

关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句，并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。

关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种，关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose等；关系副词有when，where，why等。

一、关系代词的用法1．who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。

The number of people who were killed in the disaster was over 100.在那次灾难中丧生的人数超过了100。

He is the athlete who I met yesterday.他就是我昨天遇见的那个运动员。

2．whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。

The boy (whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor.老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。

注意：(1)关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who/that来代替。

The boy (who/whom/that) we saw yesterday is John’s brother.昨天我们看到的那个男孩是约翰的哥哥。

(2)在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时，用whom，不用who。

The man to whom you spoke just now is a relative of mine.刚才和你说话的男人是我的一个亲戚。

3．which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。

The gold medal(which) she won has been given to her old school.她获得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。

4．that既可以指人，相当于who或whom；也可以指物，相当于which。

定语从句知识点讲解一一、定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where，when，why等。

关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。

限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。

四、关系代词的用法1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。

在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。

例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。

（that作主语）The coat （that）I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。

（that作宾语）2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。

例如：The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。

（作主语）The film （which）we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。

（作宾语）3.who，whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。

在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。

例如：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。

学位英语试题精讲: 定语从句综合练习1..wil.neve.forge.th.te.year.__.w.bot.spen.i.th.littl.village.A.whe.....B.durin.whic..C.whic.....D.i.whic.【答案】C。

该题是定语从句。

关系代词which在定语从句中做动词spent 的宾语。

从句还原一下: we both spent ten years in the little village.2.M.vacatio.begin.nex.Tuesday.__..wil.leav.fo.Florida.A.whic..B.tha..C.whil..D.whe.【答案】D 从句意上可以判断该句后半部分是限定Tuesday 的定语从句, 所以C项可以排除；在该定语从句中, 先行词Tuesday在从句中作状语, 应该是on Tuesday, 故引导定语从句可用on which或when。

3.Befor.joinin.th.army.h.spen..lo.o.tim.i.th.villag.__.h.belonged.A.t.whic..B.whic..C.t.wher..D.a.whic.【答案】A。

固定搭配belong to : 属于。

因此选to which。

Where是连接副词不加介词。

pletel.stil.an..... utte.silenc.prevails.A.tha......B.wher.....C.whic.....D.whenever【答案】B 这句话中world 带来两个定语从句, 一是that is completely still“完全静止”, 二是where utter silence prevails,“完全沉寂”, 其中utter silence “完全的沉寂”, prevail v.“盛行, 遍及”；这里必须用where 引导从句, 是因为world 这个先行词在--utter silence prevails 中充当地点状语, where=in which,“在月球上';全句意为“月球是一个完全静止, 完全沉寂的世界”。

限制性定语从句讲义+练习定语从句--关系副词：①定语从句通常位于名词/代词之后，译为…的，被修饰的名词叫先行词。

②定语从句结构先行词+关系词+定语从句。

③定语从句的引导词，分为关系代词和关系副词：关系代词有：who、whom、that、which、whose定语从句缺主语，先行词是物，关系词用which/that定语从句缺宾语，先行词是物，关系词用which/that/省略定语从句缺主语，先行词是人，关系词用who/that定语从句缺宾语，先行词是人，关系词用who/whom/that/省略定语从句缺定语“谁的”，先行词是人/物，关系词用whose关系副词有why、where、when定语从句缺状语，先行词是原因，关系词用why；for which；that；省略定语从句缺状语，先行词是地点，关系词用where；介词+which（介词和先行词搭配）定语从句缺状语，先行词是时间，关系词用when；介词+which（介词和先行词搭配）定语从句缺宾语时：关系词可以省略，但介词提到关系词前时，关系词不可以省略，也不能用that，先行词是人，关系词用whom；先行词是物，关系词用which关系代词只用that的情况：定语从句缺主/宾语，而且先行词是程序问题不一定最多时关系代词只用that，且定语从句缺宾语时可省略程：多少程度+先行词（all、every、much、some、little、few、any、the very、the only、the same、the last、the right、no）/+不一定：先行词是不定代词最：最高级+先行词多：先行词是人+物限制性定语从句练习1. I have a friend has a good camera.A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. he2. The man today left this message for you.A. calledB. has calledC. whom calledD. who called3. The man is our new teacher.A. whom you spokeB. whom you spoke toC. you spokeD. you spoke with whom 4.1 don,t think the number of the people this happens is very large.A. whomB. whoC. of whom5. Do you work near the building ______________ color is yellow?A. thatB. whichC. whose6. Here is the girl __________ school bag has been stolen.A. whoB. whomC. whose7. The number of people ______________ lost homes reached as many as 250000.A. whoB. whomC. whose8. It sounded like a trainwas going under my house.D. to whomD. itsD. herD. whichA. who9. The car ____________A. which 10. The boy __________ A. which11. The swimmer — A. whom12. The building _____ A. whichB. whichC. /D. whommy uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.B. whomC. whoD. whose___ we saw yesterday was John,s brother.B. whoC. whoseD. what________ you are asking about is over there.B. whichC. whoseD. what_______ window are bright at night is our school building. B. thatC. whomD. whose13. Is the river through that town very large?A. which flowsB. flowsC. that flowingD. whose flows14. The games in the young men competed were difficult. A. whom B. whose C. which D. that15. He helped his fatherA. whichon the small town B. that ___________ t hey lived.C. whenD. where16. That,s the Science Museum _______________ A. whereB. to whom_ we visited last year.C. whichD. in which 17. That,s the factory — A. where_______ we paid a B. to which visit last year. C. whichD. in which18. She likes to use words is clear to him. A. of which the meaning B. of which meaning C. whose of meaningD. meaning of which19. This is the house we used to sleep.A. whereB. whichC. thatD. when20. This was a time ____________ t here were still slaves in the USA.D. whereA. whichB. thatC. when21. Her sister, __________ you met at my home, was a teacher of English.D. /A. whomB. thatC. which22. I,m one of the boys ____________never late for school.D. who amA. that isB. who isC. who are23. He is the most boring speaker ____________ I have ever heard.D. whichA. whoB. thatC. whose24. Mr Anderson I thought _____________ died 3 years ago , is still living.D. whichA. whoB. whomC. that25. He is the last person __________ I want to see.D. whichA. whoB.whomC. that26.---Did you ask the guard what happened?---Yes, he told me all __________ he knew.D. whatA. about whichB.whichC. that27. John was the only one ______________ I had visited.D. whoA. whichB. thatC. whom28. The second book _____________ I want to read is Red Star Over China.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. as29. The boy handed everything ______________ he had picked up in the street to the police.D. whateverA. whichB. whatC. that30. There is nothing in the world ____________ c an frighten him.D. whomA. thatB. whoC. which31. Who ____________ knows him would trust him?D. whichA. whomB. thatC. who32. The man and the horse _____________ fell into the river were drowned.D. thatA. whichB. whoC. of which33. which of these trains is the one ___________ g oes to Nanjing?D. thatA. whichB. of whichC. of these34. Look at the girl and her dog ___________ are crossing the bridge.A. whichB. whoC. theyD. thatseven other people.35.The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage _____________ alreadyA. when there wereB. which there wereC. that there wereD. where there were36.I,ll never forget the days __________ I stayed in your beautiful country.A. whenB. in whichC. on whichD. on that37.September13,1931 is the day ______________ w e’ll never forget.D. thatA. whenB. on whichC. on that38. I know a place ___________ we can have a quiet talk.D. at whichA. whichB. whereC. when39. Is there any fruit shop nearby ___________ we can buy some fruit?D. at whichA. at thatB. at whereC. which40. I see no reason ___________ this can,t be done right now.A. butB. whyC. howD. which41. The building ____________ all elder university teachers prefer looks so beautiful.A. at whichB. whereC. whichD. on which42. You may stay ____________ _ you like.A. for how longB. for which timeC. at whichD. where43. The only language _______ ____ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.A. whichB. whoseC. thatD. it44. Have you seen the girl _ _________ ?A. that I toldB. I told you ofC. whom I told youD. I told you of him45.The dictionary ___________ is sold out in the bookshop.A. you needB. which you need itC. what you needD. that you need it46. Is this the shop _______ ___ sells children,s clothing?A. whatB. whichC. in whichD. where47. The company I visited last year was not the one I once worked.A. which ;whichB. where ;whichC. which ;whereD. where ; where48. The orphan came from a place __________is far from here.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. in which49. They rely on themselves, _____________ i s much better.A. whatB. thatC. whoD. which50. You are the very man _ ________ they are looking for at the moment.A. thatB. whichC. whomD. who51. He said he had read a book, ____________ was a lie.A. about whichB. whichC. of whichD. of course it52. They are the boys ______ ____ I went to school with.A. whichB. whereC. whomD. when53. __________ we know, more than seventy percent of the earth is covered with water.A. WhichB. AsC. WhomD. When54. He was in a traffic jam, __________ m ade him late for school.A. thatB. whatC. howD. which55. I don,t like the people _ ________ lose their temper easily.A. whoseB. whichC. whoD. whom56. You d better make a mark _____________ you have any questions ______________ you read a book.A. in the place; whileB. to the place; whereC. where ; /D. in the place where; when57. The reason he was late for school was that he had knocked down by a bike.A. whyB. whereC. whenD. that58. That was I wanted.A. whichB. the one whatC. the oneD. one which59.This is the largest clock in the world,the minute hand is six meters long.A. whereB. of whichC. whoseD. which60.Look! the dictionary,is red, is a birthday gift given by father.A. which coverB. the cover of whichC. the whose coverD. that the cover61.Do you still remember one evening a week ago I came to your room and borrowed a diamondnecklace?A. thatB. whichC. whenD. where62.Do you know the actor you saw playing Hamlet is now doing King Lear?A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. which63. She didn,t tell us the reason _____ ____ she had given up the chance.A. for thatB. for whichC. for itD. because of which64. Who can think of a situation the idiom is often used?A. whereB. whichC. thatD. how65. They are carrying some empty boxes —_______ these books will be placed.A. whereB. whichC. thatD. as66. Bamboo grows best in the place ___________ —it is warm and rains often.A. whichB. whereC. thatD. as67. Is this museum some German friends visited last Sunday?A. thatB. whereC. whichD. the one68. Is this the factory . __________ h e worked twenty years ago?A. whereB. thatC. whichD. the one69. Is this the factory __________ y ou visited last month?A. whereB. thatC. in whichD. the one70. Those not only from books but also through practice will succeed.A. learnB. whoC. that learnD. who learn71. Can you lend me the novel _____________ the other day?A. that you talkedB. you talked about itC. which you talked withD. you talked about72. Anyone ____________ _ this opinion may speak out.A. that is againstB. who are againstC. that againstD. who is against73. A room we do experiment is a lab.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. in that74. Mr Smith is one of the foreign experts who _______ ______ in China.A. worksB. is workingC. are workingD. has been working75. She had two daughters, _____________ b ecame doctors.A. all of themB. both of themC. all of whomD. both of whom76. Don,t talk about such things ____________ you are not sure of.A. thatB. whatC. thoseD. as77. They talked for about an hour of the things and persons they remembered.78. The children were all interested in they had seen in the exhibition.A. whichB. that allC. all whatD. all that79.is known to us all, the earth moves around the sun.A. ThisB. ThatC. ItD. As80. He was the man Master of the Game was translated.A. by whomB. by whoC. by whoseD. by him81. This is the very child parents were killed in the war.A. whoB. thatC. whoseD. whom82. The number of the visitors,we had expected, was well over two thousand.A. thatB. asC. whoD. where83. How do you like the book? It is quite different from I read last month.A. thatB. whichC. in whichD. the one84. The house roof was damaged has now been repaired.A. thatB. who,sC. whoseD. of which85. The building over there is a library ,is our gym.A. on the east of whichB. to the east of itC. on the east of thatD. east of which86. In our school there are one thousand students,40 percent ofA. whoB. whomC. whose87. He was the only one of the students late this morning.A. that wasB. that wereC. who was88. The legs of your desk at you are looking are broken.A. itB. thatD. which89. I will give your daughter a toy plane she would like to play.A. whichB. thatC. for whichD. with which90. The magazine Betty paid one dollar was very good.A. thatB. whichC. for whichD. to which91. My mother has a house in New York, _ A. whichB. where— __ she bought three years ago.C. thatD. whose92. We admired him for the way ______________ he faced his difficulties.A. in whichB. in thatC. whichD. how93. --What game is popular with them?--Themost is tennis.A. game they like it C. best game they like it94. Keep away from such things ______________ A. asB. thatB. best game they like D. game they like willdo you harm.C. to whichD. which 95. You can buy as many copies of this book _______ A. that B. as ______ you want. C. which D. for which 96. The freezing point is the temperature water changes into ice.A. of whichB. at whichC. on whichD. in which97. Because of my poor memory, all you told me has been forgotten.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. who are girl students.D. whichD. who wereC. theyA. thatB. whichC. whatD. as98.He returned home much sooner expected.A. whichB. thanC. asD. but99.Tom didn't take away the camera because it was just the same cdnee lost last week.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. as100.The foreign guests,were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.A. most of themB. most of whomC. most of thatD. most of thoseKeys: 1-5ADBDC 6-10 CABAB 11-15 ADACD 16-20 CBAAC 21-25 ACBAC 26-30 CBCCA 31-35 BDDDD 36-40 ADBDB 41-45 CDCBA 46-50 BCADA 51-55 BCBDC 56-60 DACBB 61-65 CBBAA 66-70 BDABD 71-75 DAACD 76-80 DBDDA 81-85 CBDCD 86-90 BADDC 91-95 AADAB 96-100 BABDB。

限制性定语从句讲义+练习定语从句--关系副词：①定语从句通常位于名词/代词之后,译为...的,被修饰的名词叫先行词。

②定语从句结构先行词+关系词+定语从句。

③定语从句的引导词，分为关系代词和关系副词：关系代词有：who、whom、that、which、whose定语从句缺主语，先行词是物，关系词用which/that定语从句缺宾语，先行词是物，关系词用which/that/省略定语从句缺主语，先行词是人，关系词用who/that定语从句缺宾语，先行词是人，关系词用who/whom/that/省略定语从句缺定语“谁的”，先行词是人/物，关系词用whose关系副词有why、where、when定语从句缺状语，先行词是原因，关系词用why；for which；that；省略定语从句缺状语，先行词是地点，关系词用where；介词+which(介词和先行词搭配)定语从句缺状语，先行词是时间，关系词用when；介词+which(介词和先行词搭配)定语从句缺宾语时：关系词可以省略，但介词提到关系词前时，关系词不可以省略，也不能用that，先行词是人，关系词用whom；先行词是物，关系词用which关系代词只用that的情况：定语从句缺主/宾语，而且先行词是程序问题不一定最多时关系代词只用that，且定语从句缺宾语时可省略程：多少程度+先行词(all、every、much、some、little、few、any、the very、the only、the same、the last、the right、no) 序：序数词/数词+先行词问题：主句是who/which引导的问句不一定：先行词是不定代词最：最高级+先行词多：先行词是人+物限制性定语从句练习1. I have a friend ________ has a good camera.A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. he2. The man ________ today left this message for you.A. calledB. has calledC. whom calledD. who called3. The man ________ is our new teacher.A. whom you spokeB. whom you spoke toC. you spokeD. you spoke with whom4. I don’t think the number of the people ________ this happens is very large.A. whomB. whoC. of whomD. to whom5. Do you work near the building ________ color is yellow?A. thatB. whichC. whoseD. its6. Here is the girl ________ school bag has been stolen.A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. her7. The number of people ________ lost homes reached as many as 250000.A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. which8. It sounded like a train _________ was going under my house.A. whoB. whichC. /D. whom9. The car ________ my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.A. whichB. whomC. whoD. whose10. The boy _________ we saw yesterday was John’s brother.A. whichB. whoC. whoseD. what11. The swimmer _________ you are asking about is over there.A. whomB. whichC. whoseD. what12. The building _________ window are bright at night is our school building.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. whose13. Is the river _________ through that town very large?A. which flowsB. flowsC. that flowingD. whose flows14. The games in _________ the young men competed were difficult.A. whomB. whoseC. whichD. that15. He helped his father on the small town _________ they lived.A. whichB. thatC. whenD. where16. That’s the Science Museum _________ we visited last year.A. whereB. to whomC. whichD. in which17. That’s the factory ________ we paid a visit last year.A. whereB. to whichC. whichD. in which18. She likes to use words _________ is clear to him.A. of which the meaningB. of which meaningC. whose of meaningD. meaning of which19. This is the house _________ we used to sleep.A. whereB. whichC. thatD. when20. This was a time ________ there were still slaves in the USA.A. whichB. thatC. whenD. where21. Her sister, ________ you met at my home, was a teacher of English.A. whomB. thatC. whichD. /22. I’m one of the boys ________ never late for school.A. that isB. who isC. who areD. who am23. He is the most boring speaker ________ I have ever heard.A. whoB. thatC. whoseD. which24. Mr Anderson I thought ________ died 3 years ago , is still living.A. whoB. whomC. thatD. which25. He is the last person ________ I want to see.A. whoB.whomC. thatD. which26.---Did you ask the guard what happened?---Yes, he told me all ________ he knew.A. about whichB.whichC. thatD. what27. John was the only one _________ I had visited.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. who28. The second book ________ I want to read is Red Star Over China.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. as29. The boy handed everything ________ he had picked up in the street to the police.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. whatever30. There is nothing in the world ________ can frighten him.A. thatB. whoC. whichD. whom31. Who ________ knows him would trust him?A. whomB. thatC. whoD. which32. The man and the horse ________ fell into the river were drowned.A. whichB. whoC. of whichD. that33. which of these trains is the one ________ goes to Nanjing?A. whichB. of whichC. of theseD. that34. Look at the girl and her dog ________ are crossing the bridge.A. whichB. whoC. theyD. that35. The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage ________ already seven other people.A. when there wereB. which there wereC. that there wereD. where there were36. I’ll never forget the days ________ I stayed in your beautiful country.A. whenB. in whichC. on whichD. on that37. September13,1931 is the day ________ we’ll never forget.A. whenB. on whichC. on thatD. that38. I know a place ________ we can have a quiet talk.A. whichB. whereC. whenD. at which39. Is there any fruit shop nearby ________ we can buy some fruit?A. at thatB. at whereC. whichD. at which40. I see no reason ________ this can’t be done right now.A. butB. whyC. howD. which41. The building ________ all elder university teachers prefer looks so beautiful.A. at whichB. whereC. whichD. on which42. You may stay ________ you like.A. for how longB. for which timeC. at whichD. where43. The only language ________ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.A. whichB. whoseC. thatD. it44. Have you seen the girl ________?A. that I toldB. I told you ofC. whom I told youD. I told you of him45.The dictionary________ is sold out in the bookshop.A. you needB. which you need itC. what you needD. that you need it46. Is this the shop ________ sells children’s clothing?A. whatB. whichC. in whichD. where47. The company ________ I visited last year was not the one ________ I once worked.A. which ;whichB. where ;whichC. which ;whereD. where ; where48. The orphan came from a place ________ is far from here.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. in which49. They rely on themselves, ________ is much better.A. whatB. thatC. whoD. which50. You are the very man ________ they are looking for at the moment.A. thatB. whichC. whomD. who51. He said he had read a book, ________was a lie.A. about whichB. whichC. of whichD. of course it52. They are the boys ________ I went to school with.A. whichB. whereC. whomD. when53. ________ we know, more than seventy percent of the earth is covered with water.A. WhichB. AsC. WhomD. When54. He was in a traffic jam, ________ made him late for school.A. thatB. whatC. howD. which55. I don’t like the people ________ lose their temper easily.A. whoseB. whichC. whoD. whom56. You d better make a mark ________ you have any questions ________ you read a book.A. in the place; whileB. to the place; whereC. where ; /D. in the place where; when57. The reason ________ he was late for school was that he had knocked down by a bike.A. whyB. whereC. whenD. that58. That was ________ I wanted.A. whichB. the one whatC. the oneD. one which59. This is the largest clock in the world, ________ the minute hand is six meters long.A. whereB. of whichC. whoseD. which60. Look! the dictionary, ________ is red, is a birthday gift given by father.A. which coverB. the cover of whichC. the whose coverD. that the cover61. Do you still remember one evening a week ago ________ I came to your room and borrowed a diamondnecklace?A. thatB. whichC. whenD. where62. Do you know the actor ________ you saw playing Hamlet is now doing King Lear?A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. which63. She didn’t tell us the reason ________ she had given up the chance.A. for thatB. for whichC. for itD. because of which64. Who can think of a situation ________ the idiom is often used?A. whereB. whichC. thatD. how65. They are carrying some empty boxes ________ these books will be placed.A. whereB. whichC. thatD. as66. Bamboo grows best in the place ________ it is warm and rains often.A. whichB. whereC. thatD. as67. Is this museum ________ some German friends visited last Sunday?A. thatB. whereC. whichD. the one68. Is this the factory ________ he worked twenty years ago?A. whereB. thatC. whichD. the one69. Is this the factory ________ you visited last month?A. whereB. thatC. in whichD. the one70. Those ________ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.A. learnB. whoC. that learnD. who learn71. Can you lend me the novel ________ the other day?A. that you talkedB. you talked about itC. which you talked withD. you talked about72. Anyone ________ this opinion may speak out.A. that is againstB. who are againstC. that againstD. who is against73. A room ________ we do experiment is a lab.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. in that74. Mr Smith is one of the foreign experts who ________ in China.A. worksB. is workingC. are workingD. has been working75. She had two daughters, ________ became doctors.A. all of themB. both of themC. all of whomD. both of whom76. Don’t talk about such things ________ you are not sure of.A. thatB. whatC. thoseD. as77. They talked for about an hour of the things and persons ________ they remembered.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. who78. The children were all interested in ________ they had seen in the exhibition.A. whichB. that allC. all whatD. all that79. ________ is known to us all, the earth moves around the sun.A. ThisB. ThatC. ItD. As80. He was the man ________ Master of the Game was translated.A. by whomB. by whoC. by whoseD. by him81. This is the very child ________ parents were killed in the war.A. whoB. thatC. whoseD. whom82. The number of the visitors, ________ we had expected, was well over two thousand.A. thatB. asC. whoD. where83. How do you like the book? It is quite different from ________ I read last month.A. thatB. whichC. in whichD. the one84.The house ________ roof was damaged has now been repaired.A. thatB. who’sC. whoseD. of which85. The building over there is a library , ________ is our gym.A. on the east of whichB. to the east of itC. on the east of thatD. east of which86. In our school there are one thousand students,40 percent of ________ are girl students.A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. which87. He was the only one of the students ________ late this morning.A. that wasB. that wereC. who wasD. who were88. The legs of your desk at ________ you are looking are broken.A. itB. thatC. theyD. which89. I will give your daughter a toy plane ________ she would like to play.A. whichB. thatC. for whichD. with which90. The magazine ________ Betty paid one dollar was very good.A. thatB. whichC. for whichD. to which91. My mother has a house in New York, ________ she bought three years ago.A. whichB. whereC. thatD. whose92. We admired him for the way ________ he faced his difficulties.A. in whichB. in thatC. whichD. how93. --What game is popular with them?--The ________ most is tennis.A. game they like itB. best game they likeC. best game they like itD. game they like94. Keep away from such things ________ will do you harm.A. asB. thatC. to whichD. which95. You can buy as many copies of this book ________ you want.A. thatB. asC. whichD. for which96. The freezing point is the temperature ________ water changes into ice.A. of whichB. at whichC. on whichD. in which97. Because of my poor memory, all ________ you told me has been forgotten.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. as98. He returned home much sooner ________ expected.A. whichB. thanC. asD. but99. Tom didn’t take away the camera because it was just the same camera ________ he lost last week.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. as100. The foreign guests, ________were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.A. most of themB. most of whomC. most of thatD. most of thoseKeys:1-5ADBDC6-10 CABAB11-15 ADACD16-20 CBAAC21-25 ACBAC26-30 CBCCA31-35 BDDDD36-40 ADBDB41-45 CDCBA46-50 BCADA51-55 BCBDC56-60 DACBB61-65 CBBAA66-70 BDABD71-75 DAACD76-80 DBDDA81-85 CBDCD86-90 BADDC91-95 AADAB96-100 BABDB。

语法精讲精练限制性定语从句选修7 unit 4 一、概念：在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句,称为定语从句,也叫形容词性从句。

定语从句在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。

定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。

引出。

关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which 等。

等。

关系副词有：when, where, why 等。

等。

二、相关知识点精讲：1、关系代词引导的定语从句、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。

关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1)who, whom, that ：这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中作主语和宾语。

例如：在从句中作主语和宾语。

例如：Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that 在从句中作主语)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。

(whom/that 在从句中作宾语) 2) whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which 互换)。

例如：。

例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。

大家都跑过去帮忙。

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。

请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3)which, that 所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。

例如：在从句中可作主语、宾语等。

例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。

限定性定语从句练习题（含答案）1. The man who is sitting over there is my neighbor.2. The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.3. The girl whose hair is blonde is my sister.4. The car which was parked in front of the house was stolen.5. The house that we visited last week is for sale.6. The teacher whose classes are always fun is Mrs. Smith.7. The movie which won the award is now playing in theaters.8. The computer that I bought last year is already outdated.9. The dog whose tail is wagging is very friendly.10. The painting which was hanging on the wall is worth a lot of money.答案：1. The man who is sitting over there is my neighbor.2. The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.3. The girl whose hair is blonde is my sister.4. The car which was parked in front of the house was stolen.5. The house that we visited last week is for sale.6. The teacher whose classes are always fun is Mrs. Smith.7. The movie which won the award is now playing in theaters.8. The computer that I bought last year is already outdated.9. The dog whose tail is wagging is very friendly.10. The painting which was hanging on the wall is worth a lot of money.。

限制性与非限制性定语从句区别一、在句中作用不同限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用，使该词的含义更具体，更明确。

限制性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意就不完整。

非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切,只是对其作一些附加说明,不起限定制约作用。

如果将非限制性定语从句省去，主句的意义仍然完整.二、外在表现形式不同限制性定语从句因与先行词关系密切,所以不可以用逗号将其与主句隔开；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切,所以可用逗号将其与主句隔开.例 1。

Do you remember the girl who taught us English?你还记得教我们英语的那个女孩吗？例 2. Clock is a kind of instrument which can tell people time。

钟是一种能够告诉人们时间的仪器。

例 3。

This is the place where he used to live.这就是他过去居住的地方。

例 4. Mr. Zhang, who came to see me yesterday， is an old friend of mine.张先生昨天来看我,他是我的一位朋友.例 5. We walked down the village street, where they were having market day。

我们沿着村里的大街向前走去,村民们正在那里赶集.析：在前三个例句中,定语从句与先行词关系密切,为限制性定语从句,不可用逗号将其与主句隔开。

在后两个例句中,定语从句与先行词关系不密切，为非限制性定语从句，可用逗号将其与主句隔开.三、先行词内容有所不同大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语，而特殊情况下非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句常由 which 引导。

例 1. A middle—aged woman killed her husband， which frightened me very much.一个中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫,这令我十分恐惧.析：由语境可知，令“我"恐惧的内容应为“中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫”这整个一件事,因此先行词为整个主句,此时应由 which 引导定语从句.例 2. A five—year-old boy can speak two foreign languages, which surprises all the people present.一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语,这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。

限制性定语从句基础练习一、单项选择1. I have a friend ________ has a good camera.A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. he2. The man ________ is our new teacher.A. whom you spokeB. whom you spoke toC. you spokeD. you spoke with whom3. Do you work near the building ________ color is yellow?A. thatB. whichC. whoseD. its4. It sounded like a train _________ was going under my house.A. whoB. whichC. /D. whom5. The car ________ my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.A. thatB. whomC. whoD. whose6. The boy _________ we saw yesterday was John’s brother.A. whichB. /C. whoseD. what7. Is the river _________ through that town very large?A. which flowsB. flowsC. that flowingD. whose flows8. Here is the girl ________ school bag has been stolen.A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. her9. The swimmer _________ you are asking about is over there.A. asB. whichC. whoseD. whom10. Who ________ knows him would dislike him?A. whomB. thatC. whoD. which11. She likes to use words _________ is clear to him.A. of which the meaningB. of which meaningC. whose of meaningD. meaning of which12. I’m one of the boys ________ never late for school.A. that isB. who isC. who areD. who am13. I’m the only one of the boys ________ never late for school.A. whom isB. who isC. who areD. who am14. He is the most boring speaker ________ I have ever heard.A. whoB. thatC. whomD. which15. Mr. Anderson I thought ________ died 3 years ago , is still living.A. whoB. thatC. whomD. which16. — Did you ask the guard what happened?— Yes, he told me all ________ he knew.A. asB. whichC. /D. what17. John was the only one _________ I had visited.A. whichB. whoC. whomD. that18. That’s the Science Museum _________ we visited last year.A. whereB. to whomC. whichD. in which19. The dictionary________ is sold out in the bookshop.A. you needB. which you need itC. what you needD. that you need it20. Tom took away the camera because it was just the same camera ________ he lost last week.A. whichB. asC. whomD. that二、用适当的关系代词填空1. The man ________ called today left this message for you. who / that2. That’s the Science Museum _________ we visited last year. which / that3. The boy handed everything ________ he had picked up in the street to the police. that4. Have you seen the girl ________ I told you? whom / who / that5. Is this museum ________ some German friends visited last Sunday? which / that7. The man and the horse ________ fell into the river were drowned. that8. Anyone ________ are against this opinion may speak out. who9. They are the boys ________ I went to school with. whom / who / that10. Which of these trains is the one ________ goes to Nanjing? that11. The house ________ roof was damaged has now been repaired. whose12. The desk of the legs are broken is Tom’s. which13. Do you know the actor ________ you saw playing Hamlet is now doing King Lear?whom / who / that14. Keep away from such things ________ will do you harm. as15. Those ________ learn not only from books but also through practice will succeed. who三、语法改错（每句只改一个单词）1. This is the very child that parents were killed in the war. whose2. Such people who have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected. as3. You are the very man whom they are looking for at the moment. that4. September13, 1931 is the day when we’ll never forget. (which / that)5. There is nothing in the world which can frighten him. that6. He was the only one of the students who were late this morning. was7. Can you introduce the boy who you played this morning? played with8. The children were all interested in all what they had seen in the exhibition. (that)9. Mr. Smith is one of the foreign experts who is working in China. are10. We didn’t believe the reason why he made up at the meeting. that四、短文语法填空I’d skipped nearby Guilin, 1. which is a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 2. that / which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. Instead, I’d headed straight for Yangshuo. For those 3. who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away by car and offers all the scenery of the better­known city.Yangshuo is really beautiful. A study of travelers 4. that / which was conducted by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations 5. that / which are famous in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people and their families 6. that are in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, 7. which is a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people 8. who / that live in Shanghai and Hong Kong.。

非限制性定语从句及限制性定语从句语法知识点与相关练习语法知识点非限定性定语从句起补充说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解，在非限定性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开，如若将非限定性定语从句放在句子中间，起前后都需要用逗号隔开。

①引导非限定性定语从句的关系代词：指代对象指代人指代物主格who which,as宾格whom which,as所有格of whom, whose which, of which, whose②引导非限定性定语从句的关系副词主要有：when,where使用规则及注意事项1. which引导的非限定性定语从句是用来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分。

2. 在引导非限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于in which, for which或at which 。

其中，介词的选用，依据从句中的动词所需搭配的介词来选用。

例句：①Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed.人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。

②I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it.我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐，而他恰恰与我相反。

③We arrived the day that(on which) they left.刚好我们到的那天他们走了。

3. as有时也可用作关系代词。

4. 在非限定性定语从句中，关系词不能用that。

区别1.限定性定语从句: 从句不能省略,如果省略整个句子意思不完整。

非限定性定语从句: 从句可以省略,如果省略整个句子意思仍然完整。

2.限定性定语从句: 先行词可以用that 引导。

稳固练习：一、单项选择1. All these activities can serve as a platform ______ you might find the one you love.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. when2. As a teacher, I seldom give my students so difficult a problem ______ they cannot work out.A. thatB. ifC. in order thatD. as3.—Are you going somewhere during the winter vacation?—Yes, I've found a nice beach ______ I can enjoy swimming even in February.A. thatB. whenC. whereD. which4. In the end, it was Becky _____ he turned for a gentle word and a smile.A. on whomB. in whomC. to whomD. for whom5. In Western culture, 21 was the age ______ young people traditionally received a key to their parents’ door, as a symbol of entering adulthood.A. in whichB. on whichC. at whichD. to which6. The knee is the joint ______ the high bone meets the large bone of the lower leg.A. whenB. whereC. whichD. that7. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree ______ they can be controlled on purpose.A. with whichB. to whichC. of whichD. for which8. I don’t like the way ______ he often uses to speak to me.A. in whichB. howC. whichD. what9. The officials have indicated that a new building will be built in 2010 _______ can house another l,000 students.A. whenB. whatC. whichD. where10.“Simpler〞books are the foundation ______ students build a lifelong habit of reading and further the actual skill of reading for longer and stronger periods of time.A. whichB. upon whichC. for whichD. in which二、完形填空There have been big changes in the attitudes of most parents over the last few years. Physical punishment is 1 in schools inmost countries, and in many countries, even at home. 2 , many parents still believe that they have the 3 to use some physical punishments to deal with certain 4 at certain ages.It is easy to find reasons to allow some physical punishments. One 5 is that many parents find it very difficult to 6 physical punishment pletely. Parents 7 that this was the way they were 8 and that it didn’t do any harm to them. They believe that for the child’s 9 they have the right to discipline the child in any way they see 10 , including using some physical punishments. The other one is that physical punishment can be quick and 11 . There is not much point reasoning with a 12 child in the supermarket.However, there are several reasons why we should 13 using physical punishment. One point is that most parents are not 14 to deal with misbehaving children. They do not have enough resources or 15 to handle the situation. As a result, they immediately 16 by hitting the child, even if there are other solutions to the problem. Another point is that 17 people are challenged or forced to change their belief, they may keep following 18 habits. An example is seat belts use——now most people wear seat belts without thinking, 19 years ago the idea of using seat belts was strange to most people. In the same way, banning physical punishment will 20 people to change the habits.In conclusion, parents have to change some of their belief and ideas about how children should he raise.1. A. allowed B. banned C. considered D. accepted2. A. Then B. Therefore C. However D. Instead3. A. privilege B. opportunity C. wish D. hobby4. A. disobedience B. actions C. movements D. misbehaviors5. A. issue B. way C. opinion D. measure6. A. adopt B. choose C. abandon D. permit7. A. suspect B. argue C. suggest D. deny8. A. brought up B. dealt with C. taken in D. looked upon9. A. safety B. growth C. sake D. interest10. A. handy B. fit C. cruel D. kind11. A. easy B. smart C. active D. effective12. A. running B. screaming C. weeping D. studying13. A. stop B. begin C. remember D. forget14. A. forced B. advised C. trained D. encouraged15. A. choices B. materials C. tools D. education16. A. hesitate B. awake C. stand D. react17. A. once B. unless C. until D. if18. A. positive B. usual C. negative D. early19. A. so B. whereas C. and D. or20. A. force B. inspire C. forbid D. disappoint三、阅读理解William Henry Bragg was born at Westward, Cumberland, on July 2, 1862. He was educated at Market Harborough Grammar School and afterwards at King William’s College. Isle of Man. Elected a minor scholar of Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1881, he studied mathematics under the well-known teacher, Dr. E. J. Routh. He studied physics in the Cavendish Laboratory during a part of 1885, and at the end of that year was elected to the Professorship of Mathematics and Physics in the Universityof Adelaide, South Australia.His research interests dealt with a great many fields and he was skilled at picking up a subject,almost casually, making an important contribution, and then dropping it again. However, the work of Bragg and his son Lawrence in 1913-1914 founded a new branch of science of the greatest importance and significance, the analysis of the crystal(晶体) structure by means of X-rays. It is true that theuse of X-rays as an instrument for the systematic revelation of the way in which crystals are built was entirely due to the Braggs. This was recognized by the award of the Nobel Prize jointly to father and son in 1915.He was an honorary Doctor of some sixteen universities, and a member of the leading foreign societies. Many other medals and awards were bestowed upon him among which may be mentioned theRumford Medal in 1916 and the Copley Medal (its premier award) in 1930.He was the author of many books, including Studies in Radio-activity, X-Rays and Crystal Structure, The World of Sound, Concerning the Nature of Things, Old Trades and New Knowledge, An Introduction to Crystal Analysis, and The Universe of Light. His favorite hobby was golf. After a life of astonishing productiveness, Sir William Bragg died on March 10, 1942.1. In Trinity College William Henry Bragg was ________.A. a professorB. a studentC. a workerD. a doctor2. William Henry Bragg was awarded the Nobel Prize because ________.A. he succeeded in using X-rays to find out the crystal structureB. he was the first to use X-rays to help to do his experimentC. he was determined to learn everything well and then gave them upD. he was successful in his research work with the help of his son3. According to this passage, William Henry Bragg was interested in all the subjects EXCEPT ________.A. mathematicsB. physicsC. medicineD. sports4. Which one of the following is right according to this passage?A. Bragg became the professor of the University of Adelaide in 1885.B. Bragg won the Rumford Medal and the Copley Medal in the same year.C. Bragg gained great achievements in many fields, including society.D. Bragg and Lawrence wrote the book X-Rays and Crystal Structure.5. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?A. William Henry Bragg’s Productive LifeB. William Henry Bragg：a Famous AuthorC. Bragg and His Son—Two Great ScientistsD. X-rays and the Crystal Structure四、“七选五〞新题型What is your favorite colour? Do you like yellow, orange, and red? 1 .Do you prefer greys and blues? Then you are probably quiet, shy, and you would rather follow than lead. You tend to be pessimist. At least, this is what psychologists tell us, and they should know, because they have been seriously studying the meaning of colour preference, as well as the effect that colours have on humanbeings. 2 . If you happen to love brown, you did so, as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly.3 . A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day.4 . A black bridge over the Thames River, near London, used to be the scene of more suicides(自杀) than any other bridge in the area—until it was repainted green. The number of suicide attempts immediately fell sharply. Perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been done in pink or baby blue.5 . It is an established fact that factory workers work better, harder, and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or grey.A. On the other hand, black is depressing.B. They tell us, among other facts, that we do not choose our favorite colour as grow up—we areborn with our preference.C. The rooms are painted in different colours as you like.D. If you do, you must be an optimist, a leader, an active person who enjoys life, people andexcitement.E. Light and bright colours make people not only happier but more active.F. Life is like a picture or a poem, full of different colours.G. Colours do influence our moods—there is no doubt about it五、书面表达假设你堂兄建华在国外学习，你们经常用英文通信。

语法练习（分词和定语从句)1. She apologized for _____ the party.A。

not her being able to attend B. her not being able to attendC. her being able not to attendD. her being notable to attend2。

I advised _____ ，but he turned me a deaf ear。

A. him not to smoke againB. him to smoke not againC。

him to not smoke again D. not him to smoke again3. Weighing five hundred pounds，_____.A. the cupboard could not be moved.B。

she could not move the cupboard。

C。

the cupboard was too heavy for one person to move.D。

the cupboard was unable to move.4。

Asked about the new play，____。

A。

his answer was confident B. he was confidently answeredC。

he answered confidently D。

his answers were confident5。

_____ black clouds covering the sky，he stopped his work and went home。

A。

To see B. Having been seeingC。

Seeing D。

having to see6。

_____ ，the inhabitants fled.A. The city takenB. The city having been takenC。

【关键字】整体定语从句用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。

一．词引导的定语从句1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句代替人代替物代替人或物主语 Who which that主语 Whom which that宾语 Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which)例1：This is the detective who came from London.例2：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.例3：The desk whose leg is broken is very old.例4：This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.2．关系代词的用法(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything,little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。

例如： All the people that are present burst into tears.(2) 如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, much, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。

例如：(3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。

例如：There are about seven million people taking part in the election, mostof whom、are well educated.(4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。