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现在分词作状语的分类现在分词作状语的分类☆一般来说，-ing形式表示主动、进行；过去分词表示被动、完成。
☆-ing形式作状语，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。
如：▲doing sth.作时间状语：﹡Seeing my parents waving in the crowd，I went running to them.﹡Crossing the road, the old man was knocked over by a car.=When he was crossing the road, the old man was knocked over by a car.﹡(When) Hearing the news, he got frightened.= When he heard the news, he got frightened.﹡Having eaten his dinner, the boy rushed out.﹡Hearing their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.﹡Having received his letter, I decided to write back.▲doing sth.作原因状语：Being a teacher，you should help your students in every way.Being poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set.Not knowing her address, I can't write to her.Having lived with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well.Having eaten too much, he couldn’t go to sleep.▲doing sth.作结果状语：﹡There is mud and water everywhere, making it difficult to travel from place to place.making it difficult to travel from place to place 是结果状语。
现在分词短语作状语一、时间状语1.分词动作一发生，谓语动作紧跟着发生，这时用现在分词的一般式作时间状语，其逻辑主语为句中的主语。
常用的动词，如：hear, see, arrive, return, get to, look, open, close, leave, turn around, walk等，表示一个极短暂动作。
此种情况可以换作on+动名词，表示相同的意思。
译作"一（刚）……就……"。
此种情况也可以换作是when引导的时间状语从句，该从句的动词多用一般过去时表示。
如：Hearing their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.（= On hearing their teacher's voice… = When they heard their teacher's voice, the pupils…）一听到教师的声音，学生们立即停止讲话。
2.谓语动作发生在分词所表示的动作过程之中，则用when /while+现在分词的一般式，分词的逻辑主语为句中的主语。
此种情况可以用in+动名词的一般式代替。
也可以换作when、while引导的时间状语从句，该从句的谓语动词用进行时态。
如：Don't be careless when /while having an exam. = Don't be careless in having an exam. = Don't be careless when / while you are having an exam. 考试时不要粗心。
注：此结构中，不能用其他连接词替换when或while。
3.分词所表示的动作完成之后，谓语动作才发生，则要现在分词的完成式，即having done 的形式。
分词的逻辑主语应是句中的主语。
英语现在分词作状语现在分词具有动词的一些特征，所以现在分词也有时态与语态的变化，同时它又具有形容词和副词的句法功能，所以分词在句中可以充当表语、定语、补语与状语的功能作用。
(一）现在分词的形式（以动词do为例）（二）作状语1)表时间(When) Crossing the street, the old man was run over by a car.Having done his homework,he went out for a walk.2）表原因Not knowing Chinese, he couldn’t understand what I said.3）表条件(If ) Working hard, you will be successful some day.4）表让步(Though) working hard, he didn’t obtain the scholarship.5）表方式或伴随状态They went to the nature park, singing and talking6）结果The boy dropped the cup, breaking it into pieces.（三）与状语从句互换分词作状语当表时间、原因、条件、让步时可以与状语从句互换（分词作状语就相当于一个状语从句）1）表时间Crossing the street（=When the old man was crossing）, the old man was run over by a car.Having done his homework(After he had done his homework ),he went out for a walk.2）表原因Not knowing Chinese(=Because he didn’t know Chinese ), he couldn’t understand what I said.3）表条件Working hard( If you work hard ), you will be successful some day.4）表让步Working hard (Though he worked hard) , he didn’t obtain the scholarship.5）表方式或伴随状态They went to the nature park, singing and talking （不好互换）6）表结果The boy dropped the cup, breaking it into pieces. （不好互换）注意问题：1.要熟练掌握现在分词的四种表达形式。
V-ing（此刻分词）作状语v-ed/done(过去分词 )作状语，表语，定语，宾补一．此刻分词的形式形式主动形被动形式否认形式式一般式doing being notdone doing/beingdone达成式having having notdone been done having(been)done二．此刻分词作状语辨析：动词的 -ing形式和动词不定式作结果状语的差别。
句子功能例句1.作时间状语，相当于Crossing the road,the old man was knocked over by awhen,while,as,after 等指引car.=When he was crossing the road,the old man was 的时间状语从句knocked over by a car.2.作原由状语，相当于Having eaten too much,he couldn 't go to sleep.=Because heas,because,since等指引的原had eaten too much,he couldn't go to sleep.因状语从句3.作条件状语，相当于Using your head,you'll find a good way. =If you use yourif,once,unless等指引的条件head, you'll find a good way.状语从句4. 作方式或陪伴状语，相当于Four people entered the room looking around in a curiousand 连结的并列谓语动词。
way. =Four people entered the room and looked around ina curious way.5. 作结果状语，可扩展为有并It rained heavily,causing flooding in that city.=It列谓语的句子。
现在分词做作状语分词作为状语是一种常见的用法，它可以修饰句子的主语、谓语、宾语或整个句子。
根据分词的形式和用法，可以分为以下几种情况：1. 现在分词作主语状语：现在分词可以单独作主语状语，表示伴随动作或状态。
例如：- Swimming is a good way to keep fit. (游泳是保持健康的好方法。
)- Running in the morning is refreshing. (早晨跑步很令人神清气爽。
)2. 现在分词作时间状语：现在分词可以表示时间状况，常用的有while, when, before, after等引导词。
例如：- While studying, he listened to music. (他一边学习，一边听音乐。
)- After finishing his homework, he went out for a walk. (做完作业后，他出去散步了。
)3. 现在分词作原因状语：现在分词可以表示原因或理由。
例如：- Being tired, she went to bed early. (她累了，所以早早上床睡觉了。
)- Having missed the bus, he had to walk home. (他错过了公交车，只能步行回家了。
)4. 现在分词作结果状语：现在分词可以表示结果，常用的情况有so, therefore等引导词。
例如：- He studied hard so as to pass the exam. (他努力学习，以便通过考试。
)- The weather was bad, so they stayed at home. (天气不好，所以他们呆在家里。
)。
现在分词短语作时间状语有以下三种情况：1．分词动作一发生，谓语动作紧跟着发生，这时用现在分词的一般式作时间状语，其逻辑主语为句中的主语。
常用的动词，如：hear, see, arrive, return, get to, look, open, close, leave, turn around, walk等，表示一个极短暂动作。
此种情况可以换作on+动名词，表示相同的意思。
译作"一（刚）……就……"。
此种情况也可以换作是when引导的时间状语从句，该从句的动词多用一般过去时表示。
如：Hearing their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.（= On hearing their teacher's voice… = When they heard their teacher's voice, the pupils…）一听到教师的声音，学生们立即停止讲话。
2．谓语动作发生在分词所表示的动作过程之中，则用when /while+现在分词的一般式，分词的逻辑主语为句中的主语。
此种情况可以用in+动名词的一般式代替。
也可以换作when、while引导的时间状语从句，该从句的谓语动词用进行时态。
如：Don't be careless when /while having an exam. = Don't be careless in having an exam. = Don't be careless when / while you are having an exam. 考试时不要粗心。
注：此结构中，不能用其他连接词替换when或while。
3．分词所表示的动作完成之后，谓语动作才发生，则要现在分词的完成式，即having done的形式。
分词的逻辑主语应是句中的主语。
