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Unit 3 Inventors and inventions核心单词1. distinguishvi.&vt. 显示的差别；使有所不同；辨别（常与from, between连用）；区别；区分I can distinguish them at a distance.从远处我就能认出他们。
The man distinguishes himself by his wisdom.这个人因他的才智而扬名。
常用结构：distinguish A from B 辨别A与Bbe distinguished from 不同于be distinguished by 以为特征be distinguished for 因而著称distinguish oneself 使出众；使著名高手过招(1)单项填空It is not easy to cultured pearls from genuine pearls.（201001河南郑州检测）A. distinguishB. separateC. identifyD. recognize(1)解析：选A。
考查词语辨析。
distinguish ...from 辨别，把和区别开；separate ...from把隔开；identify辨别；recognize认出，这两个词后面都不跟from。
(2)完成句子（原创）①Can you distinguish (中间) those two objects?②Children should be taught to (分辨是非).③Speech human beings (不同于) the animals.④The Chinese nation is (因而著称) its diligence and courage.答案：①between② distinguish right from wrong③distinguishes; from④distinguished for2. convenientadj.便利的，方便的;就近的常用结构：be convenient to/for sb. 对(某人)方便It is convenient to do sth. 做某事方便Our house is very convenient for the shops.我们的房子离商店很近。
人教版高考英语重点归纳、同类题连线选修8.3 Inventors and inventions（教学案）高考英语一轮复习精品资料【重点知识梳理】重点单词1．distinguish vi. & vt.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别2．merciful adj.宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的→mercy n．宽大；仁慈3．product n．产品4．abrupt adj.突然的；意外的→abruptly adv.突然地，唐突地5．convenient adj.便利的，方便的，就近的→conve nience n．方便，便利→conveniently adv.便利地，方便地14．current n．(水或气)流；电流adj.现在的；当前的15．stable adj.稳固的；稳定的；安定的16．associate vt.联想；联系n．同伴，伙伴17．practical adj.实际的；实践的；实用的18．competence n．能力；胜任；本领【重点短语】1．call up给……打电话2．now and then 偶尔；有时3．set about 开始；着手4．dive into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入5．set out(to do) 开始(做)6．hang on 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住7．out of order 次序颠倒；发生故障8．get through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过9．ring back 回复电话10．ring off 挂断电话【重点句型】1．The next morning I got up early before the sun was hot. 第二天早上趁天还不太热，我就早早地起来了。
2．But once picked up, they tried to bite me.但是它们一被捡起来，就试图咬我。
3．Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor.只有在你获得了那种认证后，你才能说是一个真正的发明家。
课时作业(三十八)选修8Unit 3Inventors and inventionsⅠ.阅读理解A(2018·合肥市高三调研性检测)In our everyday lives we meet situations in which we take many things for granted. We only treasure things when they are gone. This is a sad truth of human nature. One day, I found myself as a witness to a similar situation.One evening, I left work and boarded the train. After entering, I noticed something unusual. The center of the car had a few empty seats while both ends were crowded with people standing. I didn't pay much attention and sat down on one of the empty seats. I sensed a funny smell. It wasn't long before I noticed a homeless person sleeping on three seats in front of me. He was bleeding from his nose. Why wasn't anyone helping him?His clothes were torn and he was giving off a strange smell. Along with the smell, his eyes were dull, watery, and red. Occasionally he scratched himself and people looked at him as if he had committed a crime. As the train stopped at stations and more people came in they covered their noses and faced away from him. All the seats around him were empty.Suddenly, he began to swear at the people around him. A plain-clothes police officer who looked like a construction worker took out his certificate and showed it to the homeless man. The officer, not wanting to touch the homeless man, told him his rights and directed him to exit the train. As the officer walked the man out of the train, the homeless man turned around and said “MY HOME！”and started crying.A man doesn't value things until they are gone. If he didn't have a home, at least he had freedom. Now he has neither. No one wants to help someone who won't help himself.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。
Unit 3 Inventors and inventions[导语] 谈起“发明”，我们脑中浮现的总是飞机、大炮、电脑等这些高科技产品。
而下面的几个小发明虽然与高科技毫不沾边，但却同样能为我们的生活带来极大便利。
Ideas for creating a small inventionA small invention can do big things when it comes to making a task easier to do.When looking for a small invention idea，start by checking your kitchen drawers and cabinets.Is there something you need to help you in a task? Look in the bathroom and see if you can improve on the way something works.If you can create an item that does a job around the house, you have a small invention of your own.KitchenDinner plates have not changed in centuries except for the different materials used to make them.When you need to store leftover dinners，you usually wrap them in aluminum foil and plastic wrap.Dinner plate covers would save money and look much neater than the usual disposable covers.A spaghetti drainer flexible enough to fit inside a pot would be a tool every cook would have in stock.You would be able to take the pasta out of the boiling water and drain it at the same time，saving the cook from picking up a heavy pot of boiling water.BathroomA bathroom toilet paper dispenser that has an extra roll ready will solve the problem of running out of the necessary tissue paper.This canoffer a rescue when your inconsiderate family member has emptied the toilet paper roll.[词海拾贝]1．cabinet n．贮藏柜，陈列柜2．aluminum foil铝箔3．drainer n．过滤器4．dispenser n．自动取物器[问题思考]判断正误(T/F)。
Unit 3 Inventors and inventions[:1．distinguish(vi.& vt.) 显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别2．passive(adj.) 被动的；消极的；被动语态的[:3．seize(vt.) 抓住；捉住；夺4．file(n.) 文件；档案；文件夹(vt.) 提交；将……归档5．freezing(adj.) 冰冻的；严寒的6．bear(vt.) 忍受；忍耐；负担7．tap(vt.& vi.) 轻打；轻拍；轻敲(n.) 轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头8．stable(adj.) 稳固的；稳定的；安定的[:9．practical(adj.) 实际的；实践的；实用的10．competence (n.) 能力；胜任；本领11．current n．(水或气)流；电流；adj.现在的；当前的12．merciful(adj.)宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的→mercy(n.)宽大；仁慈13．convenient(adj.)便利的；方便的；就近的→convenience(n.)便利；方便→inconvenient(adj.)不方便的；引起麻烦的14．caution(n.)小心；谨慎→cautious(adj.)小心的；谨慎的→cautiously(adv.)小心地；谨慎地15．expectation(n.)预料；期待；期望→expect(v.)预料；期待；期望；认为16．innocent(adj.)清白的；无罪的；天真的→innocence(n.)天真；清白17．associate(vt.)联想；联系；(n.)同伴；伙伴→association(n.)协会；社团；联合；联想18．abrupt adj.突然的；意外的→abruptly adv.突然地；唐突地1．call_up 给……打电话2．now_and_then 偶尔；有时3．set_about 开始；着手4．dive_into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入5．set_out_(to_do) 开始(做)[:6．hang_on 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住7．out_of_order 次序颠倒；发生故障8．get_through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过9．ring_back 回复电话 10．ring_off 挂断电话1．Follow it up ，explore all around it ，and before you know it ，you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.跟随它，在它的周围探索，那么在你知道它之前，你将有值得考虑的某些东西占用你的大脑。
Unit 3 Inventors and inventions话题素材——发明创造[话题词汇]1.achieve vt. 达到；取得2.ambitious adj. 有雄心壮志的3.birthplace n. 出生地；故乡4.confident adj. 自信的5.creative adj. 富有创造力的6.be enthusiastic about 对……热心7.make efforts to_do sth. 努力做某事8.regard ... as ... 认为……是……9.make great contributions to 对……做出巨大贡献10.set a good example to 为……做出好榜样11.be honored as 被誉为……12.be fond of/keen on ... 喜欢……13.be skilled in sth. 在……方面熟练14.develop an interest in 在……方面发展兴趣15.cause wide public concern 引起公众的广泛关注[经典佳句]1.The first computer was brought into the world by Vannevar Bush in 1931. From_then_on,_it has enriched people's whole life.第一台电脑是在1931年被范内瓦·布什发明的，从那时起，它丰富了人们的整体生活。
2.Their inventions have_contributed_to the development of the whole society.他们的发明促进了整个社会的发展。
3.He is_considered_as a creative scientist and people show great respect_to him.他被公认为一位极具创造力的科学家，人们非常尊重他。
Ⅰ.阅读理解ASLIGHTLY DIFFERENT PACKSSAME GREAT DEVONDALE QUALITYFrom the green pastures (牧场) of Australia comes Devondale, Australia's largest community of farming families.The people at Devondale blend dairy goodness (乳制品)and clever ideas to bring you great tasting innovative products，which have been shipped to America, Canada and exported to Austria.Like our lightest one—instant skim(脱脂的)milk powder that makes 10 litres of delicious skim milk. So you never run out of milk again.DIRECTIONS FOR USE：TO MIX 1 CUP(250ML)•Add 1/4 cup (25g)of instant Devondale Skim Milk Powder to 1/2 cup of hot or cold water.•Add more water to make up 1 cup.•For best result always add powder to water.•For richer taste and extra nutrition, use additional powder to suit your personal taste or preference.•To improve the natural taste of this product, we recommend storing the liquid milk in the refrigerator overnight prior to consumption.NOTICE：•Store powder in a cool, dry place.•Keep refrigerated at or below 4 degrees centigrade no more than 3 days.•Once opened, store in an airtight container.[语篇解读]本文主要介绍了澳大利亚的Devondale脱脂奶粉的特色、使用说明和注意事项。
[基础巩固]单句语法填空1．We all have an expection(expect) that we can be admitted to our own ideal universities.2．If we are blind to our own faults，we will not be very merciful(mercy) towards others.3．The service offers young people practical(practice) advice on finding a job.4．The exhibition was organized by the school in association with local artists.5．The blind man tapped(tap) his cane on the sidewalk and walked to the supermarket.6．The advantage of smiling is that it can not only make us happy，but also please others.7．John rang，and he wanted you to ring him back.8．What was it that distinguished her from her classmates?9．When you come to school，please visit my office at your convenience(convenient)．10．Park your car in a parking place，or you will be fined.[能力提升]Ⅰ.阅读理解Eating too much fatty food, exercising too little and smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease.But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately：the air you breathe.Previous studies have linked high exposure to environmental pollution to an increased risk of heart problems, but two analyses now show that poor air quality can lead to a heart attack or stroke (中风) within as little as a few hours after exposure.In one review of the research, scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants (污染物) were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure.A separate study of stroke patients showed that even air that the U．S.Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers to be of “moderate (良好的)” quality and relatively safe for our health can raise the risk of stroke as much as 34% within 12 to 14 hours of exposure.The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure.However, it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices.So stricter regulations by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health.[语篇导读]本文是一篇新闻报道，告诉我们空气质量与心脏病和中风之间的关系。
Unit 3 In v entors and in v entions一、刷黑板——词汇全听写(先过识记默写关)Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)[第一屏听写]1．patent n．专利证书；专利权2．courtyard n. 院子；庭院；天井3．walnut n. 胡桃；胡桃木4．powder n. 粉末；火药5．perfume n. 香水；香味[第二屏听写]6．version n．版本；译本7．extension n. 电话分机；扩大；延伸8．triangle n. 三角形；三角形物体9．criterion n．(pl.criteria) (评判的)标准；尺度10．string n. 线；绳子；一串11．glue n. 胶；胶水v t.粘贴；粘合[第三屏听写]12．greengrocer n．蔬菜水果商(pl.) 蔬菜水果店13．refrigerator n. 冰箱14．jam n. 堵塞；阻塞；果酱15．microphone n. 麦克风；话筒16．multiple adj.多种的；多样的；多类型的n. 倍数[第四屏听写]17．dynamic adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的；发展变化的18．personnel n. 人力资源；人事部；全体人员19．helicopter n. 直升飞机20．cube n. 立方体；立方21．cubic adj.立方的Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)[第五屏听写]1．distinguish v i.&v t.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别2．merciful_ adj.宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的3．product n. 产品4．abrupt adj.突然的；意外的5．abruptly ad v. 突然地；唐突地[第六屏听写]6．convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的7．caution n. 小心；谨慎8．expectation n. 预料；期待；期望9．passive adj.被动的；消极的；被动语态的10．merry adj.愉快的；高兴的[第七屏听写]11．merrily ad v.高兴地；愉快地12．seize v t.抓住；捉住；夺13．recognition n. 认出；认可；承认14．claim n．& v t.要求；声称；主张15．file n. 文件；档案；文件夹v t.提交；将……归档[第八屏听写]16．competence n．能力；胜任；本领17．valid adj.有效的；确凿的18．ripe adj.熟的；成熟的19．freezing adj.冰冻的；严寒的20．identification n. 鉴定；辨认；确定；身份证明[第九屏听写]21．dial v t.拨(电话)22．rainfall_ n. 降雨23．innocent adj.清白的；无罪的；天真的24．bear v t.忍受；忍耐；负担25．forehead n. 额头26．occasionally ad v. 偶然地；不时地[第十屏听写]27．tap v t.&v i.轻打；轻拍；轻敲n. 轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头28．current n. (水或气)流；电流adj.现在的；当前的29．stable adj.稳固的；稳定的；安定的30．invaluable adj.无价的；极宝贵的31．associate v t.联想；联系n. 同伴；伙伴[第十一屏听写]32．practical_ adj.实际的；实践的；实用的33．directory n. 电话簿；商行名录34．dive_into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入35．set_out_(to_do)_ 开始(做)36．call_up 给……打电话37．now_and_then 偶尔；有时38．set_about 开始；着手[第十一屏听写]39．hang_on_不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住40．out_of_order_ 次序颠倒；发生故障41．get_through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过42．ring_back 回复电话43．ring_off_ 挂断电话二、刷清单——热身自盘点(再过基本应用关)一、过重点单词——纵引横联超人一点1．distinguish vt.& vi.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别[教材原句] Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.这回我有机会来表现一下自己了，我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既可以把蛇捉住，而又不[多角练透] 单句语法填空①It's important to distinguish reality from dreams.②Reading good books can not only enrich our minds but also teach us to distinguish between right and wrong.③As far as we all know, she has already distinguished herself as_a great volleyball coach inthe world.④On the other hand, Shanghai Museum, a well-known and distinguished (distinguish) museum at home and abroad, is more professional in holding painting exhibitions.单句改错⑤We all know that Yuan Longping is distinguished as his scientific achievements.as→for2．bear vt.(bore, borne)忍受；忍耐；负担；承担；记住；生育；结果实[教材原句]I cannot bear the smell of burnt sausage on the barbecue.我忍受不了烤肉架上烤香肠的味道。
2019年高二英语暑期系统复习8：Inventors and invention（附解析）各个击破一、单词拼写1. There are many _______________(精力充沛的) and ambitious people in our company.2. Strong ______________(水流) can be very dangerous for swimmers.3. They provide financial and ______________(实际的) help for disabled students.4. He sees local history as an _____________(延伸) of family history.5. Students will gain ______________(能力) in a wide range of skills.6. He turned as someone t____________ him on the shoulder.7. Don’t worry! He is said to be in a s_____________ condition in hospital.8. You’d better avoid being a____________ with such dishonest people.9. The book was translated into many v____________ and sold all over the world.10. A copy should be sent to the P____________ Departmentfor our files.二、完成句子1. I can’t bear_______________________________________________(人家叫我长时间等候).2. You’d better not go out because_______________________________________________(外面非常冷).3. I tried ringing you several times yesterday,____________________________________(可是都没接通). (get)4. The line was engaged and the operator asked if I’d like_____________________________(等一下). (hang)5. It is very important_______________________________________(保持课堂秩序). (order)6. Having made up his mind, he__________________________(开始执行) the plan.7. ___________________________________(她跳入水中)excellently won great cheers.8. There are many serious health problems_____________________________________________(与吸烟有关).9. In fact we ________________________________________ the crime. (innocent) 事实上，我们是无辜的。
10. I’ll tell him _________________________________ he gets here. (moment) 他一到这儿，我就告诉他。
三、单句语法填空1. It is more convenient _____________ you to go outside with a car.2. The new government must set _____________ finding solutions to the country’s economic problems.3. They decided _____________ the date for the picnic.4. I’m cautious ____________ what I say because careless remarks are likely to hurt others’ feelings.5. Under good treatment, Helen is beginning to pick____________ and will soon come back to school.6. I thought I could get the job, but _____________ expectations, I didn’t.7. The body of the machine is made of ____________ (stain) steel, which stays bright under any circumstances.8. The invitation was beyond all my _____________ (expect).9. Shopping bags are provided for the customers’_____________ (convenient).10. The car ahead of us stopped ____________ (abrupt) and our car narrowly hit it.精益求精四、阅读理解【2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国I卷）】As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量) technologies —like fingerprint scans — to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesn’t require a new type of technology that people aren’t already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.1. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?A. To reduce pressure on keys.B. To improve accuracyin typing.C. To replace the password system.D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.2. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible？A. Computers are much easier to operate.B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.D. Data security measures are guaranteed.3. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?A. It’ll be environment-friendly.B. It’ll reach consumers soon.C. It’ll be made of plastics.D. It’ll help speed up typing.4. Where is this text most likely from?A. A diary.B. A guidebook.C. A novel.D. A magazine.五、完型填空【2018届山西省太原市高三第二次模拟考试】On July 24, 1916, a natural gas explosion trapped 32 men working in a tunnel 250 feet below Lake Erie. The first rescuers who entered the tunnel were 1 by gas, and for hours no oneelse dared to enter the suffocating (窒息的), 2 deathtrap.Then, late that night, someone had an idea: 3 Garrett Morgan and his new invention. Garrett Morgan was a successful 4 owner in Cleveland. The son of freed slaves and the seventh of 11 children, mechanically minded Morgan had opened his own sewing machine shop, which he soon 5to a tailoring factory with 32 employees.In the early 1900s, factory buildings were crowded and untidy. They were often 6 of wood, with no fire escapes.Fire could cause serious 7 . Concerned about his employees, Morgan 8 with a “safety hood”(头罩) that would allow the wearer to 9 despite a fire’s poisonous smoke.Morgan knew smoke rises during a fire. 10 , hecreated a heat-resistant hood with a long tube reaching to the floor. Wearing Morgan’s hood, a firefighter could breathe the 11 air near the 12 Morgan lined the breathing tube with a sponge-like material that was wetted before use to 13 the air. A second tube was designed to 14 exhaled(呼出的) air.Called to the scene on the night of the tunnel explosion, Garrett arrived with samples of his safety hood. Still in their nightwear, he and his brother Frank put on the hoods and 15 entered the tunnel. It was a dangerous ___16 of the invention, but they saved two lives and 17 fourbodies before officials closed the ___18 . Morgan knew that more lives might have been saved if he had been called sooner.The daring 19 made Morgan famous and brought requests for safety hoods from fire departments around the country. But his greatest 20 was knowing that his invention would now save more people.1. A. lit B. powered C. overcome D. overheated2. A. changeable B. remarkable C. cautious D. poisonous3. A. show off B. send for C. rule out D. take away4. A. factory B. slave C. restaurant D. store5. A. declined B. decided C. expanded D. exported6. A. afraid B. true C. consisted D. made7. A. business B. damage C. illness D. doubts8. A. experimented B. associated C. equipped D. struggled9. A. exist B. communicate C. breathe D. listen10. A. Therefore B. However C. Anyway D. Besides11. A. cleaner B. thicker C. colder D. warmer12. A. ceiling B. ground C. roof D. window13. A. feel B. trap C. cool D. heat14. A. put on B. get off C. pollute D. release15. A. unwillingly B. bravely C. gradually D. simply16. A. task B. test C. game D. part17. A. overlooked B. identified C. recovered D.reward各个击破一、单词拼写1. dynamic/energetic2. currents3. Practical4. extension5. competences6. tapped7. stable8. Associated9. Versions 10. Personnel二、完成句子1. being kept waiting for a long time2. it’s freezing cold outside3. but I couldn’t get through4. to hang on5. to keep class in order6. set about carrying out或set out to carry out7. Her diving into the water 8. associated with smoking9. were innocent of 10. the moment三、单句语法填空1. for2. About3. on4. about5. up6. against7. stainless8. expectations9. convenience 10. abruptly精益求精四、阅读理解【答案】1-4 DCBD【解析】这是一篇说明文。
