美国财政部长盖特纳北京大学演讲中英文全文

克林顿在北京大学的英文演讲稿(精选多篇)正文第一篇：克林顿在北京大学的英文演讲稿president clinton:thank you chairmen ren, vice president chi, vice minister wei. we are delighted to be here today with a very large american delegation, including the first lady and our daughter, who is a student at stanford, one of the schools with which beijing university has a relationship. we have six members of the united states congress; the secretary of state; secretary of commerce; the secretary of agriculture; the chairman of our council of economic advisors; senator sasser, our ambassador; the national security advisor and my chief of staff, among others. i say that to illustrate the importance that the united states places on our relationship with china.i would like to begin by congratulating all of you, the students, the faculty, the administrators, on celebrating the centennial year of your university. gongxi, beida.as i'm sure all of you know, this campus was once home to yenching university which was founded by american missionaries. many of its wonderful buildings were designed by an american architect. thousands of americans students and professors have come here to study and teach. we feel a special kinship with you.i am, however, grateful that this day is different in one important respect from another important occasion 79 years ago. in june of 1919, the first president of yenching university, john leighton stuart, was set to deliver the very first commencement address on these very grounds. at the appointed hour, he appeared, but no students appeared. they were all out leading the may 4th movement for china's political and cultural renewal. when i read this, i hoped that when i walked into the auditorium today, someone would be sitting here. and i thank you for being here, very much. over the last 100 years, this university has grown to more than 20,000 students. your graduates are spread throughout china and around the world. you have built the largest university library in all of asia. last year, 20 percent of your graduates went abroad to study, including half of your math and science majors. and in this anniversary year, more than a million people in china, asia, and beyond have logged on to your web site. at the dawn of a new century, this university is leading china into the future.i come here today to talk to you, the next generation of china's leaders, about the critical importance to your future of building a strong partnership between china and the united states.the american people deeply admire china for its thousands of years of contributions to culture and religion, to philosophy and the arts, to science and technology. we remember well our strong partnership in world war ii. now we see china at a moment in history when your glorious past is matched by your present sweeping transformation and the even greater promise of your future.just three decades ago, china was virtually shut off from the world. now, china is a member of more than 1,000 international organizations -- enterprises that affect everything from air travel to agricultural development. you have opened your nationto trade and investment on a large scale. today, 40,000 young chinese study in the united states, with hundreds of thousands more learning in asia, africa, europe, and latin america.your social and economic transformation has been even more remarkable, moving from a closed command economic system to a driving, increasingly market-based and driven economy, generating two decades of unprecedented growth, giving people greater freedom to travel within and outside china, to vote in village elections, to own a home, choose a job, attend a better school. as a result you have lifted literally hundreds of millions of people from poverty. per capita income has more than doubled in the last decade. most chinese people are leading lives they could not have imagined just 20 years ago.of course, these changes have also brought disruptions in settled patterns of life and work, and have imposed enormous strains on your environment. once every urban chinese was guaranteed employment in a state enterprise. now you must compete in a job market. once a chinese worker had only to meet the demands of a central planner in beijing. now the global economy means all must match the quality and creativity of the rest of the world. for those who lack the right training and skills and support, this new world can be daunting.in the short-term, good, hardworking people -- some, at least will find themselves unemployed. and, as all of you can see, there have been enormous environmental and economic and health care costs to the development pattern and the energy use pattern of the last 20 years -- from air pollution to deforestation to acid rain and water shortage.in the face of these challenges new systems of training and social security will have to be devised, and new environmental policies and technologies will have to be introduced with the goal of growing your economy while improving the environment. everything i know about the intelligence, the ingenuity, the enterprise of the chinese people and everything i have heard these last few days in my discussions with president jiang, prime minister zhu and others give me confidence that you will succeed.as you build a new china, america wants to build a new relationship with you. we want china to be successful, secure and open, working with us for a more peaceful and prosperous world. i know there are those in china and the united states who question whether closer relations between our countries is a good thing. but everything all of us know about the way the world is changing and the challenges your generation will face tell us that our two nations will be far better off working together than apart.the late deng xiaoping counseled us to seek truth from facts. at the dawn of the new century, the facts are clear. the distance between our two nations, indeed, between any nations, is shrinking. where once an american clipper ship took months to cross from china to the united states. today, technology has made us all virtual neighbors. from laptops to lasers, from microchips to megabytes, an information revolution is lighting the landscape of human knowledge, bringing us all closer together. ideas, information, and money cross the planet at the stroke of a computer key, bringing with themextraordinary opportunities to create wealth, to prevent and conquer disease, to foster greater understanding among peoples of different histories and different cultures.but we also know that this greater openness and faster change mean that problems which start beyond one nations borders can quickly move inside them -- the spread of weapons of mass destruction, the threats of organized crime and drug trafficking, of environmental degradation, and severe economic dislocation. no nation can isolate itself from these problems, and no nation can solve them alone. we, especially the younger generations of china and the united states, must make common cause of our common challenges, so that we can, together, shape a new century of brilliant possibilities.in the 21st century -- your century -- china and the united states will face the challenge of security in asia. on the korean peninsula, where once we were adversaries, today we are working together for a permanent peace and a future freer of nuclear weapons.on the indian subcontinent, just as most of the rest of the world is moving away from nuclear danger, india and pakistan risk sparking a new arms race. we are now pursuing a common strategy to move india and pakistan away from further testing and toward a dialogue to resolve their differences.in the 21st century, your generation must face the challenge of stopping the spread of deadlier nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons. in the wrong hands or the wrong places, these weapons can threaten the peace of nations large and small. increasingly, china and the united states agree on the importance of stopping proliferation. that is why we are beginning to act in concert to control the worlds most dangerous weapons.in the 21st century, your generation will have to reverse the international tide of crime and drugs. around the world, organized crime robs people of billions of dollars every year and undermines trust in government. america knows all about the devastation and despair that drugs can bring to schools and neighborhoods. with borders on more than a dozen countries, china has become a crossroad for smugglers of all kinds.last year, president jiang and i asked senior chinese and american law enforcement officials to step up our cooperation against these predators, to stop money from being laundered, to stop aliens from being cruelly smuggled, to stop currencies from being undermined by counterfeiting. just this month, our drug enforcement agency opened an office in beijing, and soon chinese counternarcotics experts will be working out of washington.in the 21st century, your generation must make it your mission to ensure that today's progress does not come at tomorrow's expense. china's remarkable growth in the last two decades has come with a toxic cost, pollutants that foul the water you drink and the air you breathe -- the cost is not only environmental, it is also serious in terms of the health consequences of your people and in terms of the drag on economic growth.environmental problems are also increasingly global as well as national. for example, in the near future, if present energy use patterns persist, china will overtake the united states as the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gases, the gases which are theprincipal cause of global warming. if the nations of the world do not reduce the gases which are causing global warming, sometime in the next century there is a serious risk of dramatic changes in climate which will change the way we live and the way we work, which could literally bury some island nations under mountains of water and undermine the economic and social fabric of nations.we must work together. we americans know from our own experience that it is possible to grow an economy while improving the environment. we must do that together for ourselves and for the world.building on the work that our vice president, al gore, has done previously with the chinese government, president jiang and i are working together on ways to bring american clean energy technology to help improve air quality and grow the chinese economy at the same time.today we do not seek to impose our vision on others, but we are convinced that certain rights are universal -- not american rights or european rights or rights for developed nations, but the birthrights of people everywhere, now enshrined in the united nations declaration on human rights -- the right to be treated with dignity; the right to express one's opinions, to choose one's own leaders, to associate freely with others, and to worship, or not, freely, however one chooses.in the last letter of his life, the author of our declaration of independence and our third president, thomas jefferson, said then that “all eyes are opening to the rights of man.”i believe that in this time, at long last, 172 years after jefferson wrote those words, all eyes are opening to the rights of men and women everywhere.over the past two decades, a rising tide of freedom has lifted the lives of millions around the world, sweeping away failed dictatorial systems in the former soviet union, throughout central europe; ending a vicious cycle of military coups and civil wars in latin america; giving more people in africa the chance to make the most of their hard-won independence. and from the philippines to south korea, from thailand to mongolia, freedom has reached asia's shores, powering a surge of growth and productivity.economic security also can be an essential element of freedom. it is recognized in the united nations covenant on economic, social, and cultural rights. in china, you have made extraordinary strides in nurturing that liberty, and spreading freedom from want, to be a source of strength to your people. incomes are up, poverty is down; people do have more choices of jobs, and the ability to travel -- the ability to make a better life. but true freedom includes more than economic freedom. in america, we believe it is a concept which is indivisible.over the past four days, i have seen freedom in many manifestations in china. i have seen the fresh shoots of democracy growing in the villages of your heartland. i have visited a village that chose its own leaders in free elections. i have also seen the cell phones, the video players, the fax machines carrying ideas, information and images from all over the world. i've heard people speak their minds and i have joined people in prayer in the faith of my own choosing. in all these ways i felt a steady breeze of freedom.the question is, where do we go from here? how do we work together to be on theright side of history together? more than 50 years ago, hu shi, one of your great political thinkers and a teacher at this university, said these words: “now some people say to me you must sacrifice your individual freedom so that the nation may be free. but i reply, the struggle for individual freedom is the struggle for the nation's freedom. the struggle for your own character is the struggle for the nation's character.”we americans believe hu shi was right. we believe and our experience demonstrates that freedom strengthens stability and helps nations to change.one of our founding fathers, benjamin franklin, once said, “our critics are our friends, for they show us our faults.” now, if that is true, there a re many days in the united states when the president has more friends than anyone else in america. （laughter.）but it is so.in the world we live in, this global information age, constant improvement and change is necessary to economic opportunity and to national strength. therefore, the freest possible flow of information, ideas, and opinions, and a greater respect for divergent political and religious convictions will actually breed strength and stability going forward.it is, therefore, profoundly in your interest, and the world's, that young chinese minds be free to reach the fullness of their potential. that is the message of our time and the mandate of the new century and the new millennium.i hope china will more fully embrace this mandate. for all the grandeur of your history, i believe your greatest days are still ahead. against great odds in the 20th century china has not only survived, it is moving forward dramatically.other ancient cultures failed because they failed to change. china has constantly proven the capacity to change and grow. now, you must re-imagine china again for a new century, and your generation must be at the heart of china's regeneration. the new century is upon us. all our sights are turned toward the future. now your country has known more millennia than the united states has known centuries. today, however, china is as young as any nation on earth. this new century can be the dawn of a new china, proud of your ancient greatness, proud of what you are doing, prouder still of the tomorrows to come. it can be a time when the world again looks to china for the vigor of its culture, the freshness of its thinking, the elevation of human dignity that is apparent in its works. it can be a time when the oldest of nations helps to make a new world.the united states wants to work with you to make that time a reality.thank you very much. （applause.）第二篇：美国克林顿总统在北京大学的演讲稿president clinton:thank you. thank you, president chen, chairmen ren, vice president chi, vice minister wei. we are delighted to be here today with a very large american delegation, including the first lady and our daughter, who is a student at stanford, one of the schools with which beijing university has a relationship. we have six members of the united states congress; the secretary of state; secretary of commerce; the secretary of agriculture; the chairman of our council of economic advisors; senator sasser, our ambassador; the national security advisor and my chief of staff, among others. i saythat to illustrate the importance that the united states places on our relationship with china.i would like to begin by congratulating all of you, the students, the faculty, the administrators, on celebrating the centennial year of your university. gongxi, beida. (applause.)as i’m sure all of you know, this campus was once home to yenching university which was founded by american missionaries. many of its wonderful buildings were designed by an american architect. thousands of americans students and professors have come here to study and teach. we feel a special kinship with you.i am, however, grateful that this day is different in one important respect from another important occasion 79 years ago. in june of 1919, the first president of yenching university, john leighton stuart, was set to deliver the very first commencement address on these very grounds. at the appointed hour, he appeared, but no students appeared. they were all out leading the may 4th movement for china’s political and cultural renewal. when i read this, i hoped that when i walked into the auditorium today, someone would be sitting here. and i thank you for being here, very much. (applause.)over the last 100 years, this university has grown to more than 20,000 students. your graduates are spread throughout china and around the world. you have built the largest university library in all of asia. last year, 20 percent of your graduates went abroad to study, including half of your math and science majors. and in this anniversary year, more than a million people in china, asia, and beyond have logged on to your web site. at the dawn of a new century, this university is leading china into the future.i come here today to talk to you, the next generation of china’s leaders, about the critical importance to your future of building a strong partnership between china and the united states.the american people deeply admire china for its thousands of years of contributions to culture and religion, to philosophy and the arts, to science and technology. we remember well our strong partnership in world war ii. now we see china at a moment in history when your glorious past is matched by your present sweeping transformation and the even greater promise of your future.just three decades ago, china was virtually shut off from the world. now, china is a member of more than 1,000 international organizations -- enterprises that affect everything from air travel to agricultural development. you have opened your nation to trade and investment on a large scale. today, 40,000 young chinese study in the united states, with hundreds of thousands more learning in asia, africa, europe, and latin america.your social and economic transformation has been even more remarkable, moving from a closed command economic system to a driving, increasingly market-based and driven economy, generating two decades of unprecedented growth, giving people greater freedom to travel within and outside china, to vote in village elections, to own a home, choose a job, attend a better school. as a result you have lifted literally hundreds of millions of people from poverty. per capita income has more thandoubled in the last decade. most chinese people are leading lives they could not have imagined just 20 years ago.of course, these changes have also brought disruptions in settled patterns of life and work, and have imposed enormous strains on your environment. once every urban chinese was guaranteed employment in a state enterprise. now you must compete in a job market. once a chinese worker had only to meet the demands of a central planner in beijing. now the global economy means all must match the quality and creativity of the rest of the world. for those who lack the right training and skills and support, this new world can be daunting.in the short-term, good, hardworking people -- some, at least will find themselves unemployed. and, as all of you can see, there have been enormous environmental and economic and health care costs to the development pattern and the energy use pattern of the last 20 years -- from air pollution to deforestation to acid rain and water shortage.in the face of these challenges new systems of training and social security will have to be devised, and new environmental policies and technologies will have to be introduced with the goal of growing your economy while improving the environment. everything i know about the intelligence, the ingenuity, the enterprise of the chinese people and everything i have heard these last few days in my discussions with president jiang, prime minister zhu and others give me confidence that you will succeed.as you build a new china, america wants to build a new relationship with you. we want china to be successful, secure and open, working with us for a more peaceful and prosperous world. i know there are those in china and the united states who question whether closer relations between our countries is a good thing. but everything all of us know about the way the world is changing and the challenges your generation will face tell us that our two nations will be far better off working together than apart.the late deng xiaoping counseled us to seek truth from facts. at the dawn of the new century, the facts are clear. the distance between our two nations, indeed, between any nations, is shrinking. where once an american clipper ship took months to cross from china to the united states. today, technology has made us all virtual neighbors. from laptops to lasers, from microchips to megabytes, an information revolution is lighting the landscape of human knowledge, bringing us all closer together. ideas, information, and money cross the planet at the stroke of a computer key, bringing with them extraordinary opportunities to create wealth, to prevent and conquer disease, to foster greater understanding among peoples of different histories and different cultures.but we also know that this greater openness and faster change mean that problems which start beyond one nations borders can quickly move inside them -- the spread of weapons of mass destruction, the threats of organized crime and drug trafficking, of environmental degradation, and severe economic dislocation. no nation can isolate itself from these problems, and no nation can solve them alone. we, especially the younger generations of china and the united states, must make common cause of our common challenges, so that we can, together, shape a new century of brilliantpossibilities.in the 21st century -- your century -- china and the united states will face the challenge of security in asia. on the korean peninsula, where once we were adversaries, today we are working together for a permanent peace and a future freer of nuclear weapons.on the indian subcontinent, just as most of the rest of the world is moving away from nuclear danger, india and pakistan risk sparking a new arms race. we are now pursuing a common strategy to move india and pakistan away from further testing and toward a dialogue to resolve their differences.in the 21st century, your generation must face the challenge of stopping the spread of deadlier nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons. in the wrong hands or the wrong places, these weapons can threaten the peace of nations large and small. increasingly, china and the united states agree on the importance of stopping proliferation. that is why we are beginning to act in concert to control the worlds most dangerous weapons.in the 21st century, your generation will have to reverse the international tide of crime and drugs. around the world, organized crime robs people of billions of dollars every year and undermines trust in government. america knows all about the devastation and despair that drugs can bring to schools and neighborhoods. with borders on more than a dozen countries, china has become a crossroad for smugglers of all kinds.last year, president jiang and i asked senior chinese and american law enforcement officials to step up our cooperation against these predators, to stop money from being laundered, to stop aliens from being cruelly smuggled, to stop currencies from being undermined by counterfeiting. just this month, our drug enforcement agency opened an office in beijing, and soon chinese counternarcotics experts will be working out of washington.in the 21st cent ury, your generation must make it your mission to ensure that today’s progress does not come at tomorrow’s expense. china’s remarkable growth in the last two decades has come with a toxic cost, pollutants that foul the water you drink and the air you breathe -- the cost is not only environmental, it is also serious in terms of the health consequences of your people and in terms of the drag on economic growth. environmental problems are also increasingly global as well as national. for example, in the near future, if present energy use patterns persist, china will overtake the united states as the world’s largest emitter of greenhouse gases, the gases which are the principal cause of global warming. if the nations of the world do not reduce the gases which are cacooperation -- in challenges from dealing with spina bifida to dealing with extreme weather conditions and earthquakes -- have proved what we can do together to change the lives of millions of people in china and the united states and around the world. expanding our cooperation in science and technology can be one of our greatest gifts to the future.in each of these vital areas that i have mentioned, we can clearly accomplish so much more by walking together rather than standing apart. that is why we should work tosee that the productive relationship we now enjoy blossoms into a fuller partnership in the new century.if that is to happen, it is very important that we understand each other better, that we understand both our common interest and our shared aspirations and our honest differences. i believe the kind of open, direct exchange that president jiang and i had on saturday at our press conference -- which i know many of you watched on television -- can both clarify and narrow our differences, and, more important, by allowing people to understand and debate and discuss these things can give a greater sense of confidence to our people that we can make a better future.from the windows of the white house, where i live in washington, d.c., the monument to our first president, george washington, dominates the skyline. it is a very tall obelisk. but very near this large monument there is a small stone which contains these words: the united states neither established titles of nobility and royalty, nor created a hereditary system. state affairs are put to the vote of public opinion.this created a new political situation, unprecedented from ancient times to the present. how wonderful it is. those words were not written by an american. they were written by xu jiyu, governor of fujian province, inscribed as a gift from the government of china to our nation in 1853.i am very grateful for that gift from china. it goes to the heart of who we are as a people -- the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, the freedom to debate, to dissent, to associate, to worship without interference from the state. these are the ideals that were at the core of our founding over 220 years ago. these are the ideas that led us across our continent and onto the world stage. these are the ideals that americans cherish today.as i said in my press conference with president jiang, we have an ongoing quest ourselves to live upeople. incomes are up, poverty is down; people do have more choices of jobs, and the ability to travel -- the ability to make a better life. but true freedom includes more than economic freedom. in america, we believe it is a concept which is indivisible.over the past four days, i have seen freedom in many manifestations in china. i have seen the fresh shoots of democracy growing in the villages of your heartland. i have visited a village that chose its own leaders in free elections. i have also seen the cell phones, the video players, the fax machines carrying ideas, information and images from all over the world. i’ve heard people speak their minds and i have joined people in prayer in the faith of my own choosing. in all these ways i felt a steady breeze of freedom.the question is, where do we go from here? how do we work together to be on the right side of history together? more than 50 years ago, hu shi, one of your great political thinkers and a teacher at this university, said these words: “now some people say to me you must sacrifice your individual freedom so that the nation may be free. but i reply, the struggle for individual freedom is the struggle for the nation’s freedom. the struggle for your own character is the struggle for the nation’s character.”we americans believe hu shi was right. we believe and our experience demonstrates that freedom strengthens stability and helps nations to change.。

中国:第一出口大国是喜是忧作者：胡珊来源：《经济》2010年第05期世界贸易组织3月26日证实,中国在2009年已经超越德国成为世界第一大商品出口国,约占全世界出口额的10%。

中国出口在2004年赶上日本,2007年超过美国,2009年把连续6年坐拥世界“第一出口大国”宝座的德国拉下马来,飞速实现了三级跳。

“第一出口大国”的名号,对中国来讲是喜是忧?“第一出口大国”一直是我们长期努力的目标,梦想变成现实,对正处于危机后恢复与发展中的中国外贸甚至中国经济,都是一件鼓舞人心的好事。

可这个称号的背后仍有许多值得我们去深层次思考的东西。

首先,“第一出口大国”的宝座能否坐稳尚不得知。

实际上,2009年是中国外贸最为困难的一年,外贸进出口大幅下挫。

据中国海关统计,2009年中国对外贸易进出口总值为22072.7亿美元,同比下降13.9%。

其中,出口12016.7亿美元,下降16%;进口10056亿美元,下降11.2%。

全年贸易顺差1960.7亿美元,减少34.2%,降幅创改革开放以来的最高纪录。

如此情况下还能成为第一出口大国,很大程度上要归结为金融危机的影响。

金融危机严重打击了世界贸易,据世界贸易组织表示,全球贸易量在2009年减少了12.2%,是70年来下滑幅度最大的一次。

高度依赖世界市场的中国外贸自然深受影响,但由于中国宏观经济的相对稳定性和政府一系列大力度的稳定外需政策,扭转了外贸下降趋势,仍然做到了“保市场、保份额”。

而德国2009年经历了自“二战”以来最严重的衰退,作为欧洲最大的经济体,德国经济在2009年紧缩了5%,出口更是遭遇了金融危机的严重冲击,并且复苏缓慢。

虽然按照中国前些年的贸易发展速度,成为第一出口大国只是时间长短的问题,但能在2009年做到这一步,不得不归结于金融危机对德国的影响比中国更严重。

随着全球经济的逐渐恢复,以及国际市场的复杂多变性,今年、明年出口第一的国家还无法预测。

中国商务部新闻发言人姚坚在世界贸易组织数据出来前就表示,中国的出口在2009年相比德国来说,是可能会超出一些,但這仅仅是一年的数字,随着2010、2011年全球经济逐步恢复景气后,这些数据也许还会有反复,现在都不能确定。

您好，盖特纳先生美国财政部长盖特纳于2009年6月1日在北京大学发表了演讲，谈到了美中合作对全球经济复苏和增长的重要性。

他在演讲中首先“自报家门”：“我第一次来到中国和北京大学是在1981年的夏天，那时，我还是一名学习普通话的大学生。

我与一些来自美国的研究生和本科生在这里。

次年夏天，我又回到了北京师范大学。

我们学习相当努力，并有幸与许多优秀教授一起工作，他们中的一些人今天也在这里。

我们走遍这座城市并在中国的华东地区旅行，我们不仅有机会了解你们的历史和你们的抱负，还开始通过你们的眼睛看美国……”这样的开场白是亲和与自然的，并迅速拉近了台上的演讲者与台下听众的距离。

当一位中国老师把一幅当年她与学生盖特纳的合影作为礼物送给部长先生本人时，不但盖某惊喜不已，也让全场听众兴致勃勃地欣赏到盖特纳当年作为一个学习汉语的老美大男孩的腼腆。

盖特纳在北京大学的演讲是全英文的，我们不大可能指望他当年在北京几个星期的汉语学习，就掌握了这门东方的语言，我猜测他的语言天赋或在汉语学习上下的功夫在很大程度上不如澳大利亚的总理陆克文先生，我怀疑他目前很可能已经把他当年所学的方块字忘得八九不离十了，正如不少学习汉语后来又打退堂鼓的外国学生，也正如不少学习英语后来把英语又基本都还给老师的中国人一样。

很清楚,我们不可能因为部长先生当年的这段经历就指望他在美中的财政谈判中对美国的利益有丝毫的放弃和影响,但我们也希望并相信他的这段经历对减少美国人对华有色眼镜的度数,对理性和客观公正地看待中美两国的贸易摩擦,并由此而积极寻求符合两国利益的途径和办法有所助益。

如果我是中国的财政部长，我也要让盖特纳先生明白，中国的每一个美元的外汇储备，中国在美国每一块美元的资产，全部都是勤劳的中国人用30年打拼的血汗换来的！语言从来就不仅仅是单纯的语言，它是现实和心灵双向沟通的桥梁，所以如果我见到盖特纳，我一定要用汉语普通话微笑地对他招呼道：“您好，盖特纳先生！”。

男主播：各位观众晚上好！女主播：晚上好！男主播：今天是9月17号星期五，农历八月初十，欢迎收看《新闻联播》节目。

女主播：首先向您介绍这次节目的主要内容：胡锦涛为瑞士“文化风景线艺术节〃中国主宾国”活动致贺信。

温家宝同澳大利亚总理吉拉德通电话。

宁夏中卫市新思路治沙——种果树增收入。

冷空气给我国北方地区带来大范围降温降雨。

菲律宾调查委员会递交中国香港人质事件调查报告。

以下是详细报道：男主播：本台消息：国家主席胡锦涛16号致信祝贺“文化风景线艺术节〃中国主宾国”活动在瑞士举办。

贺信说，在中国同瑞士建交60周年之际，欣悉“文化风景线艺术节〃中国主宾国”活动即将在瑞士举办。

我谨代表中国政府，并以我个人名义对这次活动表示热烈的祝贺。

瑞士是最早承认中华人民共和国并同新中国建立外交关系的西欧国家之一。

建交60年来，两国关系全面发展，经济、科技合作成果丰硕，人文交流日趋活跃，人民友谊不断加深。

中国人民珍视同瑞士的长期友谊，中方愿同瑞方一道，在平等互利的基础上，深化政治、经贸、科技、文化等各领域交流合作，携手为推动建设持久、和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界做出努力。

文化创造是人类文明进步的重要成果，文化交流是推动人类文明进步的重要力量，这次“文化风景线艺术节〃中国主宾国”活动是两国建交以来最大规模的文化交流活动，将以音乐、戏剧、建筑、舞蹈、文学、电影等多种形式向瑞士人民介绍历史悠久的中国传统文化和丰富多彩的中国当代艺术。

这次活动也将为中国人民深入了解瑞士人民创造的独特文化提供重要契机。

我衷心希望这次活动为促进中瑞两国文化交流、增进两国人民相互了解和友谊做出积极贡献。

祝“文化风景线艺术节〃中国主宾国”活动取得圆满成功！女主播：本台消息：国务院总理温家宝今天应约同澳大利亚总理吉拉德通电话。

温家宝祝贺吉拉德就任澳大利亚新一届政府总理。

温家宝说，中澳关系发展势头良好，两国经贸合作经受住了国际金融危机冲击，变得更加紧密和富有活力，双方在维护地区和平稳定、促进可持续发展方面有着广泛的共同利益。

美国债务问题摘要：08年金融危机以来，全球最大经济体——美国为了刺激经济发展，采取了扩张的财政政策，大幅增加赤字。

其债务规模呈现滚雪球般的增长。

2011年8月5日，国际评级机构标普将美国长期主权信用评级由“AAA”降至“AA+”，评级展望为负面。

并且从奥巴马政府上任以来，国会两党经常就债务上限问题争执不下。

由于美国和美元在国际市场中的特殊地位，美国的债务问题在极大程度上会影响国际金融体系的稳定性。

本文将从美债问题产生的原因和现状，解决措施和未来的展望以及中国的对策三个方面分析美国的债务问题。

关键字：债务上限国际结算货币财政赤字汇率目录1 美债问题产生原因和现状 (2)1．1表面原因：共和党和民主党的债务上限之争 (2)1.1.1美国债务上限设置的历史和现状 (2)1.1.2 民主共和两党的政治博弈 (3)1.2 债务危机爆发的深层原因 (3)1.2.1美国的经济结构问题和消费模式 (3)1.2.2长期以来高赤字的扩张性的财政政策 (4)1.2.3以美元为主的国际货币体系 (4)1.2.4美国国债持有者的结构变化 (5)1.2.5宽松的货币政策 (5)2 美债问题的解决措施 (5)3 美债问题对中国的影响与对策 (6)3.1美国债务问题对中国的直接影响 (6)我国持有的巨额外汇储备购买力下降 (6)加大输入型通胀压力，增加我国宏观调控难度 (6)增加中国向欧美出口的难度，抑制实体经济的增长 (6)4中国的外贸和外汇储备 (6)4.1中国为何不能贸然持有美国国债 (7)4.2对中国的建议 (8)致谢 (8)参考文献 (8)1 美债问题产生原因和现状1．1表面原因：共和党和民主党的债务上限之争1.1.1美国债务上限设置的历史和现状美国从法律上确定债务上限始于1917年。

在此之前，美国政府每当需要借款时，都要向国会一事一报，在获得国会批准和授权后，方能实施筹融资计划。

这一原则是对当届政府或将出现过度透支，而对下届政府不负责任行为的限制。

5月24日，第二轮美中战略与经济对话在北京开幕，美国总统奥巴马的特别代表、国务卿希拉里·克林顿出席开幕式并讲话。

在讲话中，希拉里引用了中国成语“殊途同归”（treading different paths that lead to the same destination）来形容美中两国所共有的未来。

以下是希拉里讲话全文的中英文对照。

SECRETARY CLINTON: Good morning. I want to thank State Councilor Dai and Vice-Premier Wang for their very warm hospitality. It is a pleasure for our entire delegation to be here in Beijing. And it is an honor to join my colleague, Secretary Geithner, and the many officials from across our government in representing the United States at this second round of the strategic and economic dialogue.国务卿克林顿：早上好。

感谢国务委员戴秉国和副总理王岐山非常热情的接待。

我国代表团的全体成员十分高兴来到北京。

我与我的同事盖特纳（Geithner）部长及我国政府各部门的众多官员一起代表美国出席第二轮美中战略与经济对话，为此感到十分荣幸。

I first visited China in 1995, and I have been privileged to return since then. Every trip to China offers fresh insights and images of the dynamism of this country and its people, the pace of change, and the possibilities for the future. Back in 1995, trade between our two nations was measured in the tens of billions of dollars. Today it is counted in the hundreds of billions. Few people back then had cell phones, and almost no one had access to the Internet. Today China has the world’s largest mobile phone network, and more Internet users than any other country on earth.我于1995年初次访问中国，此后又很荣幸地多次前来访问。

前言本人毕业设计的论题是《后危机时代人民币汇率波动的影响因素分析》。

早前有些国内外学者对人民币汇率波动的影响因素进行了规划分析，但如今经济已经步入了“后危机时代”，国际贸易保护主义风险加剧，其波动情况值得关注，并且在美联储启动二次量化宽松政策和各国竞相压低本国汇率的外部情况下，中国人民币汇率问题再次被推到了漩涡中心。

因此基于“后危机时代”这个大背景，本文的论述对今后把握人民币汇率的波动情况具有一定的指导意义。

本文根据早前国内外学者对人民币汇率的研究成果，借鉴他们的成功经验，大胆地将人民币汇率的波动情况置于“后危机时代”背景下来进行研究，对当前理论界和学术界的各种观点进行了全面梳理。

本文主要查阅了近几年有关人民币汇率、汇率决定理论及人民币汇率理论的文献期刊。

1 后危机时代1.1后危机时代的概念所谓后危机时代（后金融危机时代），就是指随着危机的缓和，而而进入相对平稳期。

但是由于固有的危机并没有，或是不可能完全解决，而使世界经济等方面仍存在这很多的不确定性和不稳定性。

是缓和与未知的动荡并存的状态。

2009年下半年以来，在全球大规模的经济政策刺激下，世界经济逐渐走出衰退，开始缓慢复苏。

主要世界组织和预测机构对世界经济的发展趋于乐观，连续几次上调预测结果。

国际货币基金组织于2010年1月26日公布的《世界经济展望》中预测2010年全球经济增长3,9%，高于该组织2009年10月预计的3.1%；预计2011年全球经济会继续加速增长，预计增幅，预计增幅为4.3%，也高于上次预计的4.2%。

其中，2010年美国增长2.7%，欧元区增长1.0%，日本增长1.7%。

在金砖四国中，中国增长10.0%，印度增长7.7%，巴西增长4.7%，俄罗斯增长4.0%。

全球经济正在进入好于预期的复苏期，不同发展水平的国家表现出不同的经济增长速度。

预计未来几年，发达国家经济将保持平稳低速增长，发展中国家将保持平稳较快增长。

国际货币基金组织（IMF）预测报告中显示，2010年发达国家和发展中国家经济增长2.1%和6.0%，2011年增速将达到2.4%和6.3%。