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高中英语：图表类书面表达专项讲解【基础回顾】考点归纳：图表式作文在高考这出现的机会较小。
尽管如此，我们还是应对此类作文予以重视，因为图表式作文是通过提供的一组或几组数据来反映某个趋势或某一问题、现象。
要求考生图表中的相关数据进行描述、分析和评论，并得出合乎逻辑的结论。
它是将数据、形象信息转换为文字信息的过程，此类作文最能考查考生逻辑推理的能力。
图表作文命题常用的形式：①数据表格：矩形的竖行和横行进行排列的表格，它反映的是多种事物的相互关系；②饼状图：它用来表示各事物在总体中所占的比例及相互关系；③柱状图：它用来表示几种事物的变化情况及相互关系；④曲线图：它常用来表示事物的变化趋势；⑤混合式：既有柱形图又有饼状图或表格或曲线图等。
基础必读：图表式作文的写作必读第一步审题图表类作文的审题与其他类型的作文相比难度较大，主要表现在考生不易准确、全面地把握图表显示的信息。
因此要通过审题抓住主要数据反映的主要问题即所要表达的要点；通过审题确立表达时所要用的时态：特定时间用过去时；经常出现的情况或自己的评述用一般现在时。
第二步谋篇做图表类书面表达时，常采用三段式的谋篇方法：Para1概述图表所反映的信息；Para2分析现象产生的原因或根据题中所提供的原因进行叙述；Para3展望未来或提出问题的方法、建议或希望。
第三步表达1.概述图表所反映的信息时要注意就图表中那些最有代表性、规律性的数字，或变化大的数字进行重点阐述。
尽量避免简单罗列数据，报流水账；2.善于抓住总的规律、趋势对现象产生到的原因利用合理想象来进行分析或据题中所提供的原因进行叙述。
如利用数据进行有力的论证；3.展望未来或提出解决问题的方法、建议或希望时要紧紧围绕主题去展开。
切忌游离主题而任意发挥；4.适当运用高级词汇并灵活运用图表类写作常用的经典句型。
图表式作文的描述方法第一种情况：横向对比。
描述这种图表需要对比各种数据间的差别，主要以数值、倍数、排列等方式来描述。
图表式书面表达◆【黄金模板】Topic①Recently, a survey has been done to find out/ We did a survey on ./from the chart/graph/table, we learn that 对现象/ 主题的总括。
②In this survey, ,/ What impresses me most is 现象突出表现。
③They are 详述图标内容，/ There are many different factors deciding 该现象/相关情况，/该现象has an effect on 影响的主要对象。
④The survey shows that ,/ First of all/Above all, 原因/因素/影响一，⑤say that ,/What’s more/Moreover,/原因/因素/影响二。
⑥Only , /For example,举例说明原因/影响二，⑦However, , /In addition,原因/因素/影响三，⑧Therefore, .⑨As to me/As far as I am concerned, .⑩Thus/In brief, .◆写作指导一．人称：1、调查结果多用第三人称2、个人看法用第一人称二．时态：1、调查结果用现在完成时或一般过去时2、个人看法用一般现在时态三．注意：图表、数据类的文章出现数据较少时可写出具体数字，也可泛写；若出现较多数据，应避免写数据，而是通过数据的对比，写出从数据中看到的本质◆图表式作文写作分三步：一．开门见山，点明本图表所反映的主题经常使用的词汇有：table, chart, figure, graph, describe, show, represent, tell等二．分析数据间的主要差异及趋势，将数据转化为文字材料在描写数据间的主要差异及总趋势特征时，可采用分类式或对比式以支持主题，并阐明必要的理由。
高考冲刺：图表类书面表达题型介绍近几年高考说明文多数以图表、表格或文字的形式给出提示，并往往融合在应用文体中进行考查，一般分为：场所路线介绍、事物介绍、方式方法或计划安排介绍三大类。
在写作时要求语言简明扼要、通俗易懂，说明过程讲究层次性和条理性。
图表式作文的几种形式：一是以表格形式,将统计的数据或被说明的事物直接用表格形式体现出来,即统计表。
二是以图形形式：表示数据变化的曲线图；表示数据的大小或数量之间的差异的条形图；表示总体内部结构变化的扇形图。
图表作文的结构通常是三段式：第一段分析图表中的数据变化反映出的问题或趋势，简要概述图表所揭示的信息；第二段分析原因；第三段提出解决问题的办法或建议。
写作时注意直截了当、尽快入题，适当加入自己的议论，力争做到观点明确，不要拐弯抹角，拖泥带水，使人读后一头雾水。
解题技巧审题：【链接高清】1. 对数据进行比较，找出变化规律。
2. 留心所给图形坐标轴上的数字和单位。
3. 注意饼状图各部分间的关系，部分与整体的关系。
4. 写作时先描绘图表内容，写明变化规律，根据题目要求分析和预测走势（如果必要的话），并简要说明原因。
三步走：第一步：开门见山地点明本图表所反映的主题。
第二步：分析数据间的主要差异及趋势,然后描写。
第三步：归纳总结或发表评论。
图表用词：曲线图graph表格table几何图形figure饼状图pie chart条状图bar chart平面图、示意图、外形图diagram时态：现在时或过去时◆常用句型：图表作文中的过渡、概括句型1. As can be indicated in the table …2. As is revealed in the table...3. According to the figures given in the table...4. This chart shows that...5. As is shown by the graph...6. It can be seen from the statistics that...描写图表和数据的句型1. A is by far the largest...2. The figure has nearly doubled/tripled, as against that of last year.3. There is a slight/slow/steady/rapid rise in population.4. Sth. be on the increase/decrease/rise/decline常用过渡词过渡到下一点：what’s more, in addition, besides, furthermore表示比较：on the contrary, compare …to/with…, compared to/with得出结论：consequently, as a result, in other words, in short, according表示强调：without doubt, chiefly, as a matter of fact, in fact表示不同：different from, difference between/among数据表达法百分比的表达：70% of... /seventy percent of... /70 percent of the... (易漏用of)其它一些比例的表达手段。
图表类型 -图表（graph/diagram）包括柱状图（bar/column chart）、表格（table）、饼状图（pie chart）、折线图（line chart）、曲线图（curve chart）、流程图（flow chart）、组图（a set of charts）等。
如果考试的时候不会写某个具体图表的英译，可以用graph/diagram泛指所有图表。
graph n.图表；代表声音单位（或其他言语特征）的书写符号；坐标图v.用图标示；绘图diagramn.图解；简图；示意图；几何图形；火车运行时间图v.以图表示；根据火车运行时间图来安排（火车的）运行时间- 写作思路 -第一段：描述图表第二段：说明图表数据增长or下降的原因。
第三段：表达自己对此现象的看法以及面对此现象我们该怎么去做。
（具体写不写第二段和第三段要看作文要求，如果作文direction里写明了你要“interpret the chart and give your comments”，那就一定别忘了写第二段和第三段，如果只是让“interpret the chart”，那在作文结尾写一两句第二段和第三段的内容或者不写即可）嵌套饼状图的写作思路第一部分思路：从饼状图中我们可以了解到xx是怎样的，其中百分之几是A，百分之几是B，B中a占多少，b占多少，c占多少。
第二部分思路：图表数据说明了什么，我的看法是什么。
（一般图表给的数据多比较复杂，作文就描述图表数据的篇幅多一些。
如果图表给的数据很简单，比如21年12月的六级作文真题，就给了个单条折线图，那描述图表数据的篇幅可以小一些，重点放在分析图表数据变化的原因上，当然最重要的还是依照作文的direction来，即看作文题目到底让写什么，到底让怎么写，审题是最重要的)- 第一段常用表达 -1. 描述图表变化趋势的表达上升(v)：increase; go up; rise; improve; grow; jump; rocket; soar; surge; shoot up（猛增）; climb; ascend; leap; skyroket; proliferate上升(n)：increase; rise; growth; jump; surge; upturn; leap下降(v)：fall; drop; decrease; decline; go down; sink; dip；plummet; descend; diminish; dwindle; shrink; slupm; plunge; dive; nosedive下降(n)：decrease, decline, fall, reduction, drop, slowdown, slump, plunge, dive, nosedive波动(v)：fluctuate, vary, wave波动(n)：fluctuation, variation波动(词组)：range / vary from xx to xx，go up and down, ups and downs稳定在一个水平上(v)：remain, keep, stay, maintain, stabilize, stagnate稳定在一个水平上(adj):stable, steady, constant, unchanged稳定在一个水平上(n):stagnation; stability; steadiness; plateau稳定在一个水平上 (词组)：hove at; remain the same trend; remain stable; remain constant; reach a plateau at; stabilize at多条曲线趋势一致：A and B share the same trend; the trend of A happens to coincide with B2. 描述图表变化程度的表达变化程度很大：副词：significantly；considerably；rapidly；sharply；dramatically；drastically；enormously；substantially；markedly；steeply; greatly; massively; hugely; precipitously形容词：striking/ skyrocketing/ twofold（两倍的）/ threefold（三倍的）/ considerable/ steep词组：at an alarming rate, by/in leaps and bounds, by a wide/significant margin变化程度较轻：副词：slightly；gradually；slowly；steadily；moderately; marginally; modestly 形容词：steady/moderate/slow/slight/gradual词组：in a moderate way, by a narrow margin3. 极值类和组成构成的表达(hit/register/arrive at/stand at/increase to都可以替换掉reach)(top/summit/zenith/highest point都可以替换掉peak)eg：reach the peak of xx最低点：reach the bottom(drop/hit/register/arrive at/stand at/decrease to都可以替换掉reach)(trough/lowest point都可以替换掉bottom)eg：reach the bottom of xx占比最多：occupy the largest proportion of xxoccupy=make up=take up=account forproportion=number=percentage占比最少：occupy the smallest proportion of xxoccupy=make up=take up=account forproportion=number=percentage由…组成：comprise, consist of, be made up of，be composed of组成，构成：constitute, make up，form, occupy, account for, represent4. "大约"/"超过"/"不足"和预测类的表达方式大约：about/around/approximately/roughly/nearly/almost/just + 数字over/just under/close to/in the region of + 数字数字+ or so/or thereabouts数字+or thereabouts超过：more than + 数字over + 数字不足：no more than + 数字less than + 数字within + 数字under + 数字预测(v)：expect, predict, project, forecast预测(句式)：xx is expected/predicted/projected/forecasted to reach …5. "表达/阐述/说明/展示/体现"的表达方式display/represent/demonstrate/show/convey/illustrate/indicate/describe/embody/ reflect/reveal/outline/delineate/depict/expound/elaborate6. 常用句型①描述上升到多少：The mobile-phone subscriptions soared to 4 billion in 2008.②描述从多少上升到多少：Conversely, the urban population saw a risingtrend, growing from only 300 million to 680 million by 2010.③描述A的上升和B的下降：Domestic cars had a dramatic increase in the market share, as high as 9.8%, while/whereas（然而）Japanese cars declined by nearly 10%.（by+数据，就是上升/下降了多少，例如declined by nearly 10%就是下降了将近10%，to+数据，是指上升/下降到多少）④描述xx数据排第几：The amount of underground water ranks the second ,the percentage being 30.2%.⑤描述最大占比：We cannot fail to see that the biggest share is acquiring knowledge, with a proportion as high as 59.5%.We cannot fail to see that the biggest share is acquiring knowledge, accounting for 59.5%.⑥分别描述比例：Meanwhile, it is also not difficult to find that service, environment, price and other factors occupy 26.8%, 23.8%, 8.4% and 4.7% respectively（分别地）.⑦描述两者之间的比较：The data show a comparison between the amountof Red wine that is consumed and the rates of US birth.In comparison with A, Bis …⑧描述倍数：A is three times as much as B …The graph shows a threefold increase in number of…The total number in 2012, which is 8,318, is about two times as much as the total number in 2008.A is twice as much as B.- 第二段常用表达 -1. 表述原因总起句There are many reasons explaining this phenomenon.Three major reasons give rise to the phenomenon mentioned above.2. 分条描述原因（主要原因）The main reason is that due to (the progress in economy / the improvement of living standards), a growing number of people ……（第二个原因）What is more, there is no doubt in saying that , with (the pace of modern society speeding up / the advance of technology) , a majority of people （try their best to catch up with the times and improve themselves）by （pursuing further education）.（第三个原因）Thirdly , (under the background of modernization / with the rapid development of economy and society) , xx may have gradually become an unstoppable trend（趋势）in recent years.3. 形容大环境常用的表达方式with the progress in economywith the improvement of living standardswith the pace of modern society speeding upwith the advance of technology with the rapid development of economy and societyunder the background of modernization / urbanization / industrialization- 第三段常用表达 -积极的：Considering all these, I believe that we should take a reasonable attitude toward xx. In conclusion, from my point of view, such a phenomenon is （positive）and （acceptable）.积极的：Taking into account what has been argued so far, it is not surprising to see the results in the above diagram. Thus, such phenomenon proves to be quite normal and acceptable. And I believe the trend will not change in the near future.积极的：Definitely, the boom of (the mobile industry) tends to exert a beneficial influence on people’s lives, and hence, it should be, from every aspect,encouraged and further advocated.消极的：In view of the description and analysis above, I’m convinced that actions have to be taken to cope with the problems arising from ……趋势预测：From what has been discussed above, a trend can be predicted from the chart that ……趋势预测：XX will be a growing trend in today's （busy）society.真题巩固2024年浦东新区初三一模英语作文84. Write at least 60 words according to the given situation（根据以下情境写一篇不少于60 个词的短文,标点符号不占格）学校报社做了一次有关学生如何使用零花钱的调查。
写作之书面表达图表类图表类作文是近年出现在高考试题中的一种文体。
由于这类图表在现实生活中应用广泛，因此具有很强的现实意义。
它要求考生通过对数据或文字内容进行分析与讨论，准确地表达内容，然后得出令人信服的结论。
图表类作文有以下趋势：1.图表作文是说明文或议论文。
如是议论文多采用三段式。
2.信息可适当发挥，但决不允许自行立意，漫天发挥。
3.讲究写作技巧，要求注意把握要点词的逻辑句子。
第一，直接点明图表所反映的主题1. 表示从图表得知的信息的句型The table / chart / graph/data shows/indicates/points out that...（这个图表告诉我们……）According to the table / chart /graph, we can see/conclude that...（根据图表，我们可以看出……）It can be concluded from the graph that...（从图表中可以得出……）The table shows the changes in the number of...over the period from...to...（该表格描述了在……期间……数量的变化）As we can see from the table,……（正如我们从图表中所看到的，……）As can be seen from the graph,……As is shown in the chart,……第二，描述数据，分析数据间的主要差异及描述趋势1．表示数据变化的单词或短语in the case of （在……的情况下）in terms of （在……方面）increase / raise /climb/jump/rocket/ rise / go up/double（增加）decrease / go down / drop / fall/decline/reduce（减少）increased by （增长了）increased to （增长到）remain stable/go on steadily/stay the same(保持稳定)significant（重大的），steady（平稳的），gradual（逐渐的），slow（慢慢的），stable （稳定的），rapid（快速的）sudden(突然的)，sharp(急剧的)，slight(轻微的)，dramatic （戏剧性的），the number sharply goes up to（数字急剧上升至）2. 描述增减变化常用的句型-Compared with A，B increased by …-The percentage of …is larger / smaller than that of…-There was a drop/fall/rise/an increase in…3. 数字、数量80%: eighty percent; 1/2: one/a half 3/4 : three fourths两倍:twice/double 剩余的: the rest4. 引出观点：30% of the students think that(hold / share the view) that ...There are 40% of students who find/insist that ...It is believed by 20% that ...第三“结尾”段落中常用的句型：In my opinion, … Personally, I … . In short (= In brief), …In conclusion, … in a word ; generally speaking,As far as I’m concerned,… To conclude , it seems clear that …It's clear from the chart that..., We can draw the conclusion that...,We can learn/know... Judging from these figures, we can draw the conclusion that...It reveals the unquestionable fact that...佳句欣赏1.To prove our claims, we have a research about the reason why students don't want to improve their handwriting.2.It is a common saying that the man who has a beautiful handwriting will surely succeed. When it comes to writing, many people hate to do it.4.As far as I’m concerned , it is important that we should pay more attention to our handwriting.5.Besides, we’d better keep in mind that handwriting is useful wherever we go. Only in this way can we walk further in the future.6.There is no doubt that handwriting is becoming more and more important nowadays. So in dealing with the competition, we cannot but pay attention to our handwriting and creat a better life.7.It's obvious that it's convenient for us to use computers instead of writing by hand.8.The more practice, the better your handwriting.The harder you are, the more you get.9.I think everyone especially our students should think highly of handwriting!/ Don’t think poorly of handwriting.10.As a student ,I have been learning handwriting for over ten years.11.That’s why a lot of students forget how to write well with a pen.12.We should form a habit of writing with a pen, which is a good way to keep our tradition alive.13.I have a strong command that we should pay more attention to our handwriting.14.As far as I’m concerned, nothing is more important than a good handwriting.15.It is my strong recommendation that the students should have more time to pay attention to our handwriting.16.Some students complain that they don’t have time to practice writing.问句改错1.Have 10 percent think that handwriting is useless.2.Some students think they can write by computer. Others think they have no time to practice it and it is useless.3.As an old saying goes, handwriting like yourself.4.Only improve our handwriting can we win others respect.5.It's obvious that we are convenient to use computers instead of writing by hand.。
图表类书面表达技巧讲解题型介绍近几年高考说明文多数以图表、表格或文字的形式给出提示，并往往融合在应用文体中进行考查，一样分为：场所路线介绍、事物介绍、方式方法或打算安排介绍三大类。
在写作时要求语言简明扼要、通俗易明白，说明过程讲究层次性和条理性。
图表式作文的几种形式：一是以表格形式,将统计的数据或被说明的事物直截了当用表格形式表达出来,即统计表。
二是以图形形式：表示数据变化的曲线图；表示数据的大小或数量之间的差异的条形图；表示总体内部结构变化的扇形图。
图表作文的结构通常是三段式：第一段分析图表中的数据变化反映出的问题或趋势，简要概述图表所揭示的信息；第二段分析缘故；第三段提出解决问题的方法或建议。
写作时注意直截了当、尽快入题，适当加入自己的议论，力争做到观点明确，不要拐弯抹角，拖泥带水，使人读后一头雾水。
解题技巧审题：【链接高清】1. 对数据进行比较，找出变化规律。
2. 留心所给图形坐标轴上的数字和单位。
3. 注意饼状图各部分间的关系，部分与整体的关系。
4. 写作时先描画图表内容，写明变化规律，依照题目要求分析和推测走势（假如必要的话），并简要说明缘故。
三步走：第一步：开门见山地点明本图表所反映的主题。
第二步：分析数据间的要紧差异及趋势,然后描写。
第三步：归纳总结或发表评论。
图表用词：曲线图graph表格table几何图形figure饼状图pie chart条状图bar chart平面图、示意图、外形图diagram时态：现在时或过去时◆常用句型：图表作文中的过渡、概括句型1. As can be indicated in the table …2. As is revealed in the table...3. According to the figures given in the table...4. This chart shows that...5. As is shown by the graph...6. It can be seen from the statistics that...描写图表和数据的句型1. A is by far the largest...2. The figure has nearly doubled/tripled, as against that of last year.3. There is a slight/slow/steady/rapid rise in population.4. Sth. be on the increase/decrease/rise/decline常用过渡词过渡到下一点：what’s more, in addition, besides, furthermore表示比较：on the contrary, compare …to/with…, compared to/with 得出结论：consequently, as a result, in other words, in short, accordi ng表示强调：without doubt, chiefly, as a matter of fact, in fact表示不同：different from, difference between/among数据表达法百分比的表达：70% of... /seventy percent of... /70 percent of the... (易漏用of)其它一些比例的表达手段。
图表作文多以说明文和议论文为主；考查时要求同学们根据所给的图表、数据等进行分析、研究、阅读其中的文字和说明，弄清各种信息之间的关系，提炼要点，然后组织语言进行写作，得出令人信服的结论，必要时还要加入自己的观点。
时态方面除特定的时间用过去时外，常用一般现在时。
表格(table)、曲线图(line graph)、柱形图(bar chart)与饼形图(pie chart)。
图表作文通常是三段式。
1.第一段分析图表中的数据变化反映出的问题或趋势，简要叙述图表所揭示的信息。
常用词汇：table, chart, figure, graph, describe, tell, show, represent等。
2.第二段分析原因。
在描写数据间变化及总趋势特征时，可采用分类式或对比式以支持主题，并阐明必要的理由，且要注意层次清楚。
常用词汇：rise, drop, reduce, fall , rise, increase, decrease, on the contrary, as…as…, compared to/with, the same as, be similar to, be different from, in contrast to3.第三段提出解决问题的办法或建议。
常用词汇：in a word, in short, generally speaking, it is clear from the chart that, we candraw the conclusion that等。
另外，还应注意以下几个问题：◆文章应包括图表所示内容，但不必全部写到；◆叙述调查结果时要避免重复使用百分比；◆最重要的是要有表明自己观点的句子。
1、How to begin your passage 直接点明本图表所反映主题.(1) According to the table / chart/ graph, we can see/conclude that …(2) The table/ graph/ data shows/ indicates/ points out that …(3)As we can see from the table, …As can be seen from the graph, …As is shown in the chart, ….2. How to interpret the related information 分析数据间的主要差异及描述趋势increase/ rise / climb / go up / jump/ rocket/ doubledecrease/ go down/ drop/ fall/ decline/ reduceremain stable/ go on steadily/ stay the samesteady/steadily; slow/slowly; slight/slightly;gradual/gradually；rapid/rapidly; sudden/suddenly;significant/significantly；dramatic/dramatically;sharp/sharply80%: eighty percent1/2: half of the…3/4 : three fourths of the…是…的两倍: double that of…/ is twice that of…剩余的: the rest（谓语形式依据所指代的名词单复而定）①3/4的学生喜欢体育运动。
高考英语图表类书面表达素材一、常用词汇1.点明图表所反映的主题table 表格，chart 图表，diagram 图解/示意图，figure图形/数字，describe 描述，tell 告诉，show 表明，represent 描绘/展示，indicate 显示2.分析数据差异及变化趋势（1）表示上升或增加的：rise, increase, go up（2）表示下降或减少的：decrease, fall, reduce, decline, drop, go down（3）表示变化特点的：sharply 急剧地，quickly 迅速地，rapidly 快速地，dramatically 戏剧性地，slowly 缓慢地，gradually 逐渐地。
（4）表示比较的：compared different from, difference between, while,contrary, however, more than, less than。
3.描述图表变化趋势上升(v.)：increase; go up; rise; improve; grow;jump; rocket; soar; surge; shoot up（猛增）上升(n.)：increase; rise; growth; jump; surge下降(v.)：fall; drop; decrease; decline; go down; sink; dipplummet; plunge（暴跌）下降(n.)：decrease, decline, fall, reduction, drop波动(v.)：fluctuate波动(n.)：fluctuation持平(v.)：stabilize; remain the same trend; remain stable; remain constant; level off多条曲线趋势一致：A andB share the same trend; the trend of A happens to coincide with B4.描述图表变化程度程度很大significantly；considerably；rapidly；sharply；dramatically；drastically; enormously；substantially；markedly程度较轻slightly；gradually；slowly; steadily；moderately5.极值类最高点：reach the peak/top/highest point；increase to the peak/top/highest point(所有上升类的动词都可以替换掉increase) 最低点：reach/hit the bottom/lowest point；drop to the bottom/lowest point(所有下降类的动词都可以替换掉drop)占比最多：occupy/ make up/ take up/ account for/ the largestproportion/number/percentage of …占比最少：occupy/ make up/ take up/ account for the smallestproportion/number/percentage of…6.表示"大约"about/around + 数字数字+ or soapproximately + 数字二、常用句式（一）表示“说明”在说明图表的时候，要使用下列表示“说明”的常用句式，它们可以帮助读者弄清楚所引信息的出处，有效地将你要说的话带出来。
