2010年湖南大学英语翻译基础考研真题及其答案解析

2010年考研英语真题及解析Section I Use of English【文章综述】本文选自The Economist(《经济学家》，是一本专业报道商业和政治新闻的英文周刊), 原文题为Light Work; Questioning the Hawthorne Effect,（《照明效用：质疑霍桑效应》），刊登在该刊2009年6月4日的Finance and Economics（财政与经济学）专栏上。

其题材为科普知识类【考频4次】，文章介绍了著名的“霍桑效应”的产生过程及多年后人们对此所提出的质疑。

【试题连线】…………………………….…【选项分析】……………………………..….In1924 Awerica's National Research Councilsent two engineers to surpervise a series ofexperiments at a telephone-parts factory called theHawthorne Plant near Chicago.It hoped they wouldlearn how shop-floor lightingworkers'productivity. Instead, thestudies ended givingtheir name to the “Hawthorne effect，”the extremely influential idea thatexperimented upon changed subjects' behavior.The idea arose because of the 4 behavior of the woman in the plant.According to 5 of the experimenteda,their hourly output rose when lighting was increased ,but also when it was dimmed.It did not 6 what was done in the experiment；7 something was changed ,productivity rose ,A(n) 8 that were being experimented upon seemed to be 9 to alter workers' behavior 10 itself.After several decades, the same data were 11 to econometric analsis.The Hawthorne experiments had another surprise in stone. 12 the descriptions on record, no systematic 13 was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.It turns out that the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to 14 interpretations of what happened. 15 , lighting was always changed on a Sunday.When work started again on Monday ,output 16 rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days. 18 , a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondaya. Workers 19to be diligent for the first few of the week in any case, beforeThis suggests that the alleged “Hawthorne effect” is hard to pin down.1.[A]affected影响[B]achieved 完成[C]extracted 提取；获取[D]restored 恢复2.[A]（ended）at 在某时刻结束[B]（ended）up 最终处于（意料之外的境况）；以……结束[C]（ended）with 以……结束[D] ended）off 结束3.[A]truth 真相[B]sight 看见[C]act 行为[D]proof 证据4.[A]controversial 有争议的[B]perplexing 令人费解的[C]mischievous 恶作剧的[D]ambiguous 意向不明的；模棱两可的5.[A]requirement 要求[B]explanations 解释[C]accounts 描述；叙述[D]assessments 评估6.[A]conclude 推断[B]matter 要紧[C]indicats 表明[D]work 起作用7.[A]as far as 至于[B]for fear that 唯恐[C]in case that 万一；以防[D]so long as 只要8.[A]awareness 意识；知道[B]expectation 期待[C]sentiment 情绪[D]illusion 幻想9.[A]suitable 适合的[B]excessive 过度[C]enough 足够的[D]aboundant 充裕的10.[A]about 关于[B]for 为了[C]on 关于[D]by（oneself）单独地11.[A]compared 比较[B]shown 宣示[C]subjected 使……遭受[D]conveyed 传达12.[A]Contrary to 与……相反的[B]Consistent with 与……相一致的[C]Parallel with 与…相应的[D]Peculiar to 特有的13.[A]evidence 证据[B]guidance 指导[C]implication 暗示；可能的影响（或结果）[D]source 来源14.[A]disputable 有争议的[B]enlightening 给人启迪的[C]reliable 可信的[D]misleading 误导的15.[A]In contrast 相比之下[B]For example 例如[C]In consequence 结果是；因此[D]As usual 像平常一样16.[A]duly 适当地；按时地[B]accidentally 偶然地[C]unpredictably 变幻莫测的[D]suddenly 突然地17.[A]failed（to do）未能做[B]ceased（to do）停止做[C]started（to do）开始做[D]continued（to do）继续做18.[A]Therefore 因此[B]Furthermore 此外；而且[C]However 然而[D]Meanwhile 同时19.[A]attempted（to do）试图做[B]tended（to do）往往会[C]chose（to do）选择做[D]intended（to do）打算做20.[A]breaking 打破；突破[B]climbing 攀升[C]surpassing 超过[D]hitting 达到【核心词汇】allege [əˈledʒ] v.断言，宣称；指控，辩解（al表强调+lege→表强调讲→宣称）;-ed,adj. 声称的；所谓的arise[ə^raiz]v.发生；产生；出现influential[influ^en∫l]adj. 有影响的interpretation[inʌtЗ:pri^tei∫] n.解释；说明plateau[ˈplætəu]n.高原,（发展、增长后的）平稳状态(时期);停滞时期（plat+eau名词后缀→平坦地）slack［slAk］a.懈怠的,松弛的;萧条的n.淡季;(pl.)便裤;-en,v.使松弛，使萧条surpervise [^su:pəvaiz]v. 监督；管理；指导systematic［sisti5mAtik］a.(systematical)系统的,有组织的，成体系的，有规律的;-ic,人或学科（表名词）【超纲词汇】duly[ˈdu:li] adv. 1. 正确地, 适当地,恰当的2. 按时地, 准时地,适时地shop-floor[∫op^flʌ:(r)]n.车间；工厂【常用词组】experiment on/upon 用………做实验give one’s name to以……的名字命名（新生的）事物go up(价格、水平等)上涨；上升；增长in store(for sb) 1. 储备着, 贮藏着2. 将要发生, 就要出现on record有记载的, 记录在案的, 公开发表的pin down 1. 把…固定住; 使动弹不得2. 迫使作出决定, 采取行动slacken off 松懈下来；减缓turn out 结果（是）；原来（是）【答案与详解】1.答案→A 考点→上下文关系与动词词义辨析。

2010年考研英语真题与答案解析从2010年开始，全国硕士研究生入学考试的英语试卷分为了英语（一）和英语（二）。

英语（一）即原统考“英语”。

英语（二）主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的统考科目。

英语一考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构（一）考试形式考试形式为笔试。

考试时间为180分钟。

满分为100分。

试卷包括试题册和答题卡。

答题卡分为答题卡1和答题卡2。

考生应将1~45题的答案按要求填涂在答题卡1上，将46~52题的答案写在答题卡2上。

（二）考试内容试题分三部分，共52题，包括英语知识运用、阅读理解和写作。

第一部分英语知识运用该部分不仅考查考生对不同语境中规范的语言要素（包括词汇、表达方式和结构）的掌握程度，而且还考查考生对语段特征（如连贯性和一致性等）的辨识能力等。

共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分。

在一篇240~280词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。

考生在答题卡1上作答。

第二部分阅读理解该部分由A、B、C三节组成，考查考生理解书面英语的能力。

共30小题，每小题2分，共60分。

A节（20小题）：主要考查考生理解主旨要义、具体信息、概念性含义，进行有关的判断、推理和引申，根据上下文推测生词的词义等能力。

要求考生根据所提供的4篇（总长度约为1600词）文章的内容，从每题所给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案。

考生在答题卡1上作答。

B节（5小题）：主要考查考生对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解。

本部分有3种备选题型。

每次考试从这3种备选题型中选择一种进行考查。

考生在答题卡1上作答。

备选题型有：1）本部分的内容是一篇总长度为500~600词的文章，其中有5段空白，文章后有6~7段文字。

要求考生根据文章内容从这6~7段文字中选择能分别放进文章中5个空白处的5段。

2）在一篇长度约500~600词的文章中，各段落的原有顺序已被打乱，要求考生根据文章的内容和结构将所列段落（7~8个）重新排序，其中有2~3个段落在文章中的位置已给出。

2010年考研英语真题及解析Section I Use of English【文章综述】本文选自The Economist(《经济学家》，是一本专业报道商业和政治新闻的英文周刊), 原文题为Light Work; Questioning the Hawthorne Effect,（《照明效用：质疑霍桑效应》），刊登在该刊2009年6月4日的Finance and Economics（财政与经济学）专栏上。

其题材为科普知识类【考频4次】，文章介绍了著名的“霍桑效应”的产生过程及多年后人们对此所提出的质疑。

【试题连线】…………………………….…【选项分析】……………………………..….In1924 Awerica's National Research Councilsent two engineers to surpervise a series ofexperiments at a telephone-parts factory called theHawthorne Plant near Chicago.It hoped they wouldlearn how shop-floor lightingworkers'productivity. Instead, thestudies ended givingtheir name to the “Hawthorne effect，”the extremely influential idea thatexperimented upon changed subjects' behavior.The idea arose because of the 4 behavior of the woman in the plant.According to 5 of the experimenteda,their hourly output rose when lighting was increased ,but also when it was dimmed.It did not 6 what was done in the experiment；7 something was changed ,productivity rose ,A(n) 8 that were being experimented upon seemed to be 9 to alter workers' behavior 10 itself.After several decades, the same data were 11 to econometric analsis.The Hawthorne experiments had another surprise in stone. 12 the descriptions on record, no systematic 13 was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.It turns out that the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to 14 interpretations of what happened. 15 , lighting was always changed on a Sunday.When work started again on Monday ,output 16 rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days. 18 , a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondaya. Workers 19to be diligent for the first few of the week in any case, beforeThis suggests that the alleged “Hawthorne effect” is hard to pin down.1.[A]affected影响[B]achieved 完成[C]extracted 提取；获取[D]restored 恢复2.[A]（ended）at 在某时刻结束[B]（ended）up 最终处于（意料之外的境况）；以……结束[C]（ended）with 以……结束[D] ended）off 结束3.[A]truth 真相[B]sight 看见[C]act 行为[D]proof 证据4.[A]controversial 有争议的[B]perplexing 令人费解的[C]mischievous 恶作剧的[D]ambiguous 意向不明的；模棱两可的5.[A]requirement 要求[B]explanations 解释[C]accounts 描述；叙述[D]assessments 评估6.[A]conclude 推断[B]matter 要紧[C]indicats 表明[D]work 起作用7.[A]as far as 至于[B]for fear that 唯恐[C]in case that 万一；以防[D]so long as 只要8.[A]awareness 意识；知道[B]expectation 期待[C]sentiment 情绪[D]illusion 幻想9.[A]suitable 适合的[B]excessive 过度[C]enough 足够的[D]aboundant 充裕的10.[A]about 关于[B]for 为了[C]on 关于[D]by（oneself）单独地11.[A]compared 比较[B]shown 宣示[C]subjected 使……遭受[D]conveyed 传达12.[A]Contrary to 与……相反的[B]Consistent with 与……相一致的[C]Parallel with 与…相应的[D]Peculiar to 特有的13.[A]evidence 证据[B]guidance 指导[C]implication 暗示；可能的影响（或结果）[D]source 来源14.[A]disputable 有争议的[B]enlightening 给人启迪的[C]reliable 可信的[D]misleading 误导的15.[A]In contrast 相比之下[B]For example 例如[C]In consequence 结果是；因此[D]As usual 像平常一样16.[A]duly 适当地；按时地[B]accidentally 偶然地[C]unpredictably 变幻莫测的[D]suddenly 突然地17.[A]failed（to do）未能做[B]ceased（to do）停止做[C]started（to do）开始做[D]continued（to do）继续做18.[A]Therefore 因此[B]Furthermore 此外；而且[C]However 然而[D]Meanwhile 同时19.[A]attempted（to do）试图做[B]tended（to do）往往会[C]chose（to do）选择做[D]intended（to do）打算做20.[A]breaking 打破；突破[B]climbing 攀升[C]surpassing 超过[D]hitting 达到【核心词汇】allege [əˈledʒ] v.断言，宣称；指控，辩解（al表强调+lege→表强调讲→宣称）;-ed,adj. 声称的；所谓的arise[ə^raiz]v.发生；产生；出现influential[influ^en∫l]adj. 有影响的interpretation[inʌtЗ:pri^tei∫] n.解释；说明plateau[ˈplætəu]n.高原,（发展、增长后的）平稳状态(时期);停滞时期（plat+eau名词后缀→平坦地）slack［slAk］a.懈怠的,松弛的;萧条的n.淡季;(pl.)便裤;-en,v.使松弛，使萧条surpervise [^su:pəvaiz]v. 监督；管理；指导systematic［sisti5mAtik］a.(systematical)系统的,有组织的，成体系的，有规律的;-ic,人或学科（表名词）【超纲词汇】duly[ˈdu:li] adv. 1. 正确地, 适当地,恰当的2. 按时地, 准时地,适时地shop-floor[∫op^flʌ:(r)]n.车间；工厂【常用词组】experiment on/upon 用………做实验give one’s name to以……的名字命名（新生的）事物go up(价格、水平等)上涨；上升；增长in store(for sb) 1. 储备着, 贮藏着2. 将要发生, 就要出现on record有记载的, 记录在案的, 公开发表的pin down 1. 把…固定住; 使动弹不得2. 迫使作出决定, 采取行动slacken off 松懈下来；减缓turn out 结果（是）；原来（是）【答案与详解】1.答案→A 考点→上下文关系与动词词义辨析。

财教创办北大、人大、中、北外授 训营对视频集、一一保分、、小班2010年湖南大学英语翻译基础真题答案育明教育梁老师提醒广大考生:历年考研真题资料是十分珍贵的,研究真题有利于咱们从中分析出题人的思路和心态,因为每年专业课考试不管在题型还是在内容上都有很高的相似度，考研学子们一定要重视.有什么疑问可以随时联系育明教育梁老师,我会为根据各位考生的具体情况提供更加有针对性的指导。

6. Term Translation46. Chinese to English(1) three represents theory (The Party should always represent the development needs of China'sadvanced social productive forces, always represent the onward direction of China 's advanced culture, and always represent the fundamental interests the vast majority of the people.(2) Keep Up With the Times(3) The ability of independent innovation(4) Ruling the country by virtue(5) scientific outlook (thinking) on development(6) <名> mortgage slave, mortgage burden ； a slave to one\'s mortgage 抵押借款的奴隶(7) issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers ； Issues of agriculture, farmer and ruralarea(8) pyramid selling(9) service-oriented government。

2010年翻译真题解析与译文 2010年考研英语翻译原文：One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly one economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these ereatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance. When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it, we invent excuses to give it economic importance.At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing. 46. Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them, the evideuce had to be comic in order to be valid.It is painful to read these round about accounts today. we have no land ethic yet. 47. But we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.A panallel situation exists in respect of predatory mamals and fish-eating birds. 48. Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak,or that they prey only on “worthless species”.Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly .or have too low a sale vale to pay as imeber crops. 49. In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided.50. It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. Without the uneconomic pats.翻译参考译文：46．Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.词汇理解：jump to the rescue（赶来拯救），shaky（站不脚的），to the effect that(其大意是)；eat up(吃光)，fail to(没有)。

英语辅导专家贾洪伟⽼师，针对2010年考研英语英译汉部分进⾏分析，2010考研英语英译汉⽂章属环保范畴，摘⾃利奥波德(Aldo Leopold)于1966年在⽜津⼤学出版出版的《沙乡年鉴》(A Sand Country Almanac)中的“⼟地伦理”(The Land Ethics)部分，具体在原书210页。

本题⼲中，出题者也是动过“⼩⼿术”的，⽐如：第⼀段的原⽂是：“One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Wildflowers and songbirds are examples. Of the 22,000 higher plants and animals native to Wisconsin, it is doubtful whether more than 5 per cent can be sold, fed, eaten, or otherwise put to economic use. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community, and if (as I believe) its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance。

”，经过加⼯就变成了“One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community, and if (as I believe) its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance。

2010考研英语二翻译题、参考答案和来源分析"Sustainability" has become a popular word these days, but to Ted Ning,the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed through every day action and choice.当今，―可持续性‖已经成为了一个流行的词语。

但是，对特德宁来说，他对这个词有着自身的体会。

在忍受了一段痛苦的、难以为续的生活之后，他清楚地认识到，以可持续发展为导向的生活价值必须通过日常的活动和做出的选择表现出来。

Ning recalls spending a confusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He'd been through the dot-com boom and burst and, desperate for a job, signed on with a Boulder agency.宁回忆了在上个世纪90年代末期的某一年，他卖保险，那是一种浑浑噩噩的生活。

在经历了网络经济的兴盛和衰败之后，他非常渴望得到一份工作，于是和一家博德的代理公司签了合约。

It didn't go well. "It was a really bad move because that's not my passion," says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. "I was miserable. I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said,‖ Just wait, you'll turn the corner, give it some time.''事情进展不顺，―那的确是很糟糕的一种选择，因为那并非是我的激情所在，‖宁如是说。

湖南大学2010年翻译硕士考研真题及答案第一篇：湖南大学2010年翻译硕士考研真题及答案凯程考研辅导班，中国最权威的考研辅导机构湖南大学2010年翻译硕士考研真题及答案历年真题是最权威的，最直接了解各专业考研的复习资料，考生要重视和挖掘其潜在价值，尤其是现在正是冲刺复习阶段，模拟题和真题大家都要多练多总结，下面分享湖南大学2010年翻译硕士考研真题及答案，方便考生使用。

湖南大学2010年翻译硕士考研真题及答案I.Phrase Translation1)三个代表: Three Represents2)与时俱进: advance with the times;keep pace with the times3)自主创新能力：capacity for independent innovation;independent innovation capability4)以德治国：Rule the country by virtue;run the country by virtue5)科学发展观：Scientific Outlook on Development6)房奴：house slave;mortgage slave7)“三农”问题：issues concerning agriculture,countryside and farmers;issues of agriculture,farmer and rural area8)传销：pyramid selling;pyramid sales9)服务型政府：service-oriented government;Service Government10)经济适用房：affordable housing;economically affordable housing11)以人为本: people oriented;Put People First12)次贷危机: subprime mortgage crisis;subprime crisis13)廉政建设: construction of a clean and honest administration;clean government building14)精神文明: cultural and ideological progress15)中部崛起: rise of central china16)normalization of diplomatic relations: 外交关系正常化17)labor dispute: 劳动争议;劳资纠纷18)irrenewable energy：不可再生能源19)wealth gap: 贫富差距;贫富悬殊20)cyberterrorism: 网络恐怖主义21)bubble economy：泡沫经济22)greenhouse gases：温室气体;温室效应气体23)think tank：智囊团;智库24)intellectual property rights: 知识产权25)oil-for-food program: 石油换粮食计划;石油换食品计划26)anthrax: 炭疽，炭疽热27)Pacific Rim: 太平洋周边地区;环太平洋(地区);太平洋沿岸(地区)28)soft landing: 软着陆29)the carrot and the stick: 胡萝卜加大棒;威逼加利诱;软硬兼施30)multilateral negotiation: 多边谈判;多方协商II.Passage translation凯程考研辅导班，中国最权威的考研辅导机构Section A English to ChineseLawrence lived his relatively short life during a period of social and political upheaval.His experience as a student and a teacher would not have been possible had the Education Act of 1870 not established compulsory elementary schools for children of back grounds like his.The industrialism he hated, particularly the large-scale coal mining in areas like Notting hamshire, with the accompanying blight of surrounding countryside, was reaching a peak during his childhood and early manhood.World War I was a shock, followed by disillusionment , to many educated Europeans, who had believed that materialprogress, equated with the advance of civilization, had banished war wrence had never shared the near universal faith in material progress.His horror of the war, for reasons more personal, proved socially and politically prophetic — he saw the war as the beginning of the conformism , the assault on authentic individualism that has in fact characterized the twentieth century.Because Lawrence spent years in Italy during the fascist period, and because his “dream of leadership” often emerged in authoritarian statements or the invention of authoritarian figures , one of the many strands of adverse criticism woven around him during his life was a charge that he had fascist leanings.The charge is absurd, as insight into the essential core of the man — his hatred of conformism, insistence on singular passional being — reveals.However, it is true that Lawrence, like many artists who believe in the magic of words, sometimes expressed his yearnings for power in an idiom colored by the socialist, communist, and fascist language of the 1920s and 1930s.参考译文：劳伦斯比较短促的一生，正处在社会和政治大动荡的时期。

2010 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文是取材于新闻报道，叙述了猪流感的爆发，产生的严重影响以及政府采取的针对性措施。

首段和第二段简述了猪流感的爆发引起世界各国的重视。

第三段引用专家的观点，认为瘟疫并不严重。

第四段和第五段以墨西哥及美国的情况为例，说明了猪流感的严重性和致命性。

第六段叙述了联邦政府针对猪流感的具体措施。

二、试题解析1.【答案】D【解析】上文提到“… was declared a global epidemic…”，根据 declare 的逻辑（“宣布为”），可知应该选 D 项designated“命名，制定”，而不是 C 项 commented“评论”，这是典型的近义词复现题目。

2．【答案】C【解析】本题目可依据“句意”找到意思线索，选出答案，难度在于出处句是个长难句。

本句的理解应该抓住 alert、meeting 和 a sharp rise 三者的关系，根据after a sharp rise 可知是rise（“病例数的增加”）是 meeting（“日内瓦专家会议”）的原因，由此可推导出alert 并非是meeting 的原因，而是结果，即 meeting 使得 alert 升级。

根据上述分析可以排除B、D 选项，B 项activated“激活，激起”，D 项“促使，引起”，此两项的选择都在讲 alert 导致了 meeting的召开。

而C 项followed 意思是“紧随，跟在……之后”，体现出after 的逻辑，完全满足本句 rise 之后是 meeting，meeting 之后是alert 的逻辑，所以是正确项。

而 A 项proceeded“继续”，属不及物动词，不可接宾语，用法和逻辑用在此处都不合适。

3．【答案】B【解析】本题目应该关注并列连词and，从并列呼应来看：空格后的表达 in Britain…对应前面的 in Australia，所以空格处 rising _____ 应该对应 a sharp rise in cases（“病例数的剧增”），因此空格处是“数量”的逻辑才对。