西安兵马俑英文简介

西安兵马俑英文导游词西安兵马俑英文导游词3篇兵马俑，即秦始皇兵马俑，亦简称秦兵马俑或秦俑，位于今陕西省西安市临潼区秦始皇陵以东1.5公里处的'兵马俑坑内。

下面是小编为大家带来的西安兵马俑英文导游词，希望可以帮助大家。

西安兵马俑英文导游词1：Hi, dear tourists, please come with me, you see this is the qin Terra Cotta Warriors, now scientists have unearthed three pits, although only three, but with a total area of nearly 20000 square meters! Equivalent to fifty basketball court, pit there are nearly eight thousand terracotta warriors, in these three pit, no. 1 pit is the largest, 230 meters long, north and south 62 meters wide, with a total area of 14260 square meters! The pit of the Terra Cotta Warriors is one of the most. There are about six thousand.Tourists, tell you, the Terra Cotta Warriors is not only large scale, and various types, the personality is bright, let me introduceTerracotta warriors average about 1.8 meters tall and powerfully built, they wear down with uniform, wear hard armor and weapons in hand, ready to go, you've said don't go far?The general figurines is power! Burly, wearing a crown, wearing armor in brown, hand hold a sharp sword, head high head, chest, belly of battle-hardened a look will know that is! Actually the Terra Cotta Warriors type many, said also said not over. The Terra Cotta Warriors pit or PeiZangKeng qin shi huang Lin, 1974, a few archaeologists found in the east of the Terra Cotta Warriors pit, stir in China, shocked the world, is one of the 20th century's greatest archaeological discovery.And, finally remind you: don't throw GuaGuoPi, rubbish,plastic bags, the environmental pollution!西安兵马俑英文导游词2：Everybody is good! B: my name is lu, I'm go to the guide of qin Terra Cotta Warriors. I'm very honored to serve you, hope we have a nice day today.Now we're going to set off to the world-famous qin Terra Cotta Warriors.You see, this great historical sites show in front of our eyes! Our xi 'an lintong has three qin Terra Cotta Warriors pit, a total of 3 20000 square meters, nearly 50 basketball courts, a pit of the Terra Cotta Warriors to nearly eight thousand. In three pits at the pit is the largest, 230 meters long, north and south 62 meters wide, with a total area of 14260 square meters; The pit of the Terra Cotta Warriors, of course, also the most, there are more than six thousand! Above the no. 1 pit has a huge vaulted hall. Into the hall, standing on high bird's eye view, will see the Terra Cotta Warriors pit, line by line, the process is very neat, formed a huge army of rectangle like qin shihuang had command of an army of fighting, invincible.You look, the general burly, wearing a brown, wearing armor, sword in hand, with pride. Know it's the look on his poses battle-hardened, accountable.The average height of the warriors, 1. 8 meters, trim. They dressed in a shirt to wear armor, feet front end up the cock combat boots, and armed with weapons, ready to go.Look, the horse figurines in short armour, on foot mouth was wearing tight pants, boots right hand holding the REINS, left hand with bows and arrows, as if ready to mount a horse to kill.Now we use one hour to watch slowly. Please take good care of cultural relics, don't litter. Thank you for your cooperation.西安兵马俑英文导游词3：Ha! Hi, I'm happy "tour" of the tour guide. Today, I take you to xi 'an east 30 kilometers. In February 1974, the local farmers in the east of emperor qinshihuang 1.5 zone () at the foot of the mount li qin Terra Cotta Warriors.In that year, the emperor after he began to reign, and he began to build cemetery, hosted by prime minister lisi planning and design, general ZhangHan supervisors, build time for 38 years, engineering of vast, magnificent verve, the successive feudal rulers luxury lights of precedent. At that time, the qing dynasty a total population of about 20 million, and built ling labor was more than 720000. Xiu ling home soil, from 2000 meters south of this cemetery three between liu village to the county quarry department, there are 5 ~ 25 meters high multistage loess cliff. Fix cemetery used a large amount of stone from nutrient-laden hebei usagi nakayama, asan, depends on human to lintong, engineering is very difficult. Predictably large quantities, usagi nakayama, the corpse and under strict asan side shows the cruelty of the whole project. It is also known as one of "the eight wonders of the world"!Qin Terra Cotta Warriors is divided into three pits, with a total area of 000 square meters. The Terra Cotta Warriors are robust, forms and more thoughtful! Figures are divided into general figurines, the side horse figurines, kneeling position figurines, figurines of cavalry, terracotta warriors... Among them, the no. 1 pit is the largest, 230 meters long, north and south 62 meters wide, about five meters deep. About 500, the warriors six chariots, driving, horse 24, and bronze sword, wugou, spears and arrows, crossbows, machine, copper halberd combat with weapons of bronze and iron, etc. They all facial expression, ' ', and action eachare not identical: some thoughtfully, as if considering how to cooperate, defeat the enemy; Have a deep breath, as if in thought, as the people of qin, must help the emperor beat all places; Some look in the distance, seemed to be missing loved ones far away... Said so much warrior figures, the said the horse figurines: TaoMa ears erect, some mouths scream, some still shut up. All these of the qinshihuang terracotta warriors and touching artistic charm. If you hold your breath gaze of looking at it, you will find it muscle fullness, realistic than a real horse!。

陕西西安秦始皇兵马俑英文导游词陕西西安秦始皇兵马俑英文导游词范文作为一名导游，总不可避免地需要编写导游词，导游词是导游员进行实地口语导游的基础和前提。

我们该怎么去写导游词呢？以下是小编精心整理的陕西西安秦始皇兵马俑英文导游词范文，欢迎大家分享。

emperor qin shihuang’s mausoleum and the terra-cotta otion the development of economy and culture. they had a great and deep influence upon china’s 2,000 year old feudal society.emperor qin shihuang ordered the books of various schools burned except those of the qin dynasty’s history and culture, divination and medicines in an attempt to push his feudal autocracy in the ideological field. as a result, china’s ancient classics had been devastated and destroy. moreover, he once ordered 460 scholars be buried alive. those events one palace to the other. often nobody kneb, were enclosed alive.emperor qin shihuang’s mausoleum has not yet been excavated. what looks like inside could noly be known when it is opened. however, the three pits of the terra-cotta warriot excavated outside the east gate of the outer enclosure of the necropolis can make one imagine how magnificent and luxurious the structure of emperor qin shihuang’s mausoleum was.。

西安兵马俑英文导游词兵马俑，即秦始皇兵马俑，亦简称秦兵马俑或秦俑，第一批全国重点文物保护单位，第一批中国世界遗产，位于今陕西省西安市临潼区秦始皇陵以东1.5千米处的兵马俑坑内。

下面是整理的西安兵马俑英文导游词，欢迎阅读参考！西安兵马俑英文导游词：Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum and the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses MuseumEmperor Qin Shihuang (259-210B.C.) had Ying as his surname and Zheng as his given name. He name to the throne of the Qin at age 13, and took the helm of the state at age of 22. By 221 B.C., he had annexed the six rival principalities of Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao and Wei, and established the first feudal empire in China’s history.In the year 221 B.C., when he unified the whole country, Ying Zheng styled himself emperor. He named himself Shihuang Di, the first emperor in the hope that his later generations be the second, the third even the one hundredth and thousandth emperors in proper order to carry on the hereditary system. Since then, the supreme feudal rulers of China’s dynasties had continued to call themselves Huang Di, the emperor.After he had annexed the other six states, Emperor Qin Shihuang abolished the enfeoffment system and adopted the prefecture and county system. He standardized legal codes, written language, track, currencies, weights and measures. To protect against harassment by the Hun aristocrats. Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the Great Wall be built. All these measures played an active role in eliminating the cause of the state of separation and division and strengthening the unification of the whole country as well as promotion the development of economy and culture. They had a great and deep influence upon China’s 2,000 year old feudal society.Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the books of various schools burned except those of the Qin dynasty’s history and culture, divination and medicines in an attempt to push his feudal autocracy in the ideological field. As a result, China’s ancient classics had been devastated and destroy. Moreover, he once ordered 460 scholars be buried alive. Those events were later called in history“the burning of books and the burying of Confucian scholars.”Emperor Qin Shihuang，for his own pleasure, conscribed several hundred thousand convicts and went in for large- scale construction and had over seven hundred palaces built in the Guanzhong Plain. These palaces stretched several hundred li and hesought pleasure from one palace to the other. Often nobody knew where he ranging treasures inside the tomb, were enclosed alive.Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum has not yet been excavated. What looks like inside could noly be known when it is opened. However, the three pits of the terra-cotta warriot excavated outside the east gate of the outer enclosure of the necropolis can make one imagine how magnificent and luxurious the structure of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum was.No.1 Pit was stumbled upon in March 1974 when villagers of Xiyang Village of Yanzhai township, Lintong County, sank a well 1.5km east of the mausoleum. In 1976, No.2 and 3 Pits were found 20m north of No.1 Pit respectively after the drilling survey. The terra-cotta warriors and horses are arrayed according to the Qin dynasty battle formation, symbolizing the troops keeping vigil beside the mausoleum. This discovery aroused much interest both at home and abroad. In 1975, a museum, housing the site of No.1 and covering an area of 16,300 square meters was built with the permission of the State Council. The museum was formally opened to public on Oct.1, the National Day, 1979.No.1 Pit is 230 meters long from east to west, 62m wide from north to south and 5m deep , covering a total area of 14,260 square meters. It is an earth-and-wood structure in the shape of a tunnel.There are five sloping entrances on the eastern and western sides of the pit respectively. The pit is divided into eleven corridors by ten earthen partition walls, and the floors are paved with bricks. Thick rafters were placed onto the walls (but now one can only see their remains), which were covered with mats and then fine soil and earth. The battle formation of the Qin dynasty, facing east. In the east end are arrayed three lines of terra-cotta warriors, 70 pieces in each, totaling 210 pieces. They are supposed to be the van of the formation. Immediately behind them are 38 columns of infantrymen alternating with war chariots in the corridors, each being 180m long. They are probably the main body of the formation. There is one line of warriors in the left, right and west ends respectively, facing outwards. They are probably the flanks and the rear. There are altogether 27 trial trench, it is assumed that more than 6,000 clay warriors and horses could be unearthed from No.1 Pit.No.2 Pit sis about half the size of No.1 Pit, covering about 6,000 square meters Trail diggings show this is a composite formation of infantry, cavalry and chariot soldiers, from which roughly over 1,000 clay warriors, and 500 chariots and saddled horses could be unearthed. The 2,000-year-old wooden chariots are already rotten. But their shafts, cross yokes, and wheels, etc. left clear impressions on the earth bed. The copper parts of the chariotsstill remain. Each chariot is pulled by four horses which are one and half meters high and two metres long. According to textual research, these clay horses were sculptures after the breed in the area of Hexi Corridor. The horses for the cavalrymen were already saddled, but with no stirups.No.3 Pit covers an area of 520m2 with only four horses, one chariot and 68 warriors, supposed to be the command post of the battle formation. Now, No.2 and 3 Pits have been refilled, but visitors can see some clay figures and weapons displayed in the exhibition halls in the museum that had been unearthed from these two pits. The floors of both No.1 and 2 Pits were covered with a layer of silt of 15 to 20cm thick. In these pits, one can see traces of burnt beams everywhere, some relics which were mostly broken. Analysis shows that the pits were burned down by Xiang Yu, leader of a peasant army. All of the clay warriors in the three pits held real weapons in their hands and face east, showing Emperor Qin Shihuang’s strong determination of wiping out the six states and unifying the whole country.The height of the terra-cotta warriors varies from 1.78m, the shortest, to 1.97m, the tallest. They look healthy and strong and have different facial expressions. Probably they were sculpted by craftsmen according to real soldiers of the Qin dynasy. Theyorganically combined the skills of round engraving, bas-relief and linear engraving, and utilized the six traditional folk crafts of sculpturing, such as hand-moulding, sticking, cutting, painting and so on. The clay models were then put in kilns, baked and colour-painted. As the terra-cotta figures have beeb burnt and have gone through the natural process of decay, we can’t see their original gorgeous colours. However, most of the terra-cotta figures bear the trace of the original colours, and few of them are still as bright as new. They are found to be painted by mineral dyestuffs of vermilion, bright red, pink dark green, powder green, purple, blue, orange, black and white colours.Thousands of real weapons were unearthed from these terra-cotta army pits, including broad knives, swords, spears, dagger-axes, halberds, bows, crossbows and arrowheads. These weapons were exquisitely made. Some of theme are still very sharp, analyses show that they are made of alloys of copper and tin, containing more than ten kinds of other metals. Since their surfaces were treated with chromium, they are as bright as new, though buried underground for more than 2,000 years. This indicates that Qin dynasty’s metallurgical technology and weapon-manufacturing technique already reached quite a high level.In December 1980, two teams of large painted bronze chariotsand horses were unearthed 20 metres west of the mound of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum. These single shaft four-horse chariots each comprises 3,462 spare parts, and has a body with two compartments, one behind the other, and an elliptical umbrella like canopy. The four horses harnessed to the chariot are 65-67 centimeters tall. The restored bronze chariots and horses are exact imitations of true chariot, horse and driver in half life-size.The chariots and horses are decorated with coloured drawings against white background. They have been fitted with more than 1,500 piecese of gold and silvers and decorations, looking luxurious, splendid and graceful. Probably they were meant for the use of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s soul to go on inspection. The bronze chariots and horses were made by lost wax casting, which shows a high level of technology. For instance, the tortoise-shell-like canopy is about 4mm thick, and the window is only 1mm thick on which are many small holes for ventilation. According to a preliminary study, the technology of manufacturing the bronze chariots and horses has involved casting, welding, reveting, inlaying embedding and chiseling. The excavation of the bronze chariots and horses provides extremely valuable material and data for the textual research of the metallurgical technique, the mechanism of the chariot and technological modeling of the Qin dynasty.No.2 bronze chariot and horses now on display were found broken into 1,555 pieces when excavated. After two-and-half years’careful and painstaking restoration by archaeologists and various specialists, they were formally exhibited in the museum on October 1, 1983. No.1 bronze chariot hand horses are on display from 1988.。

介绍兵马俑的一段话英文The Terracotta Army, also known as the Terracotta Warriors and Horses, is a remarkable archaeological discovery located in the Shaanxi province of China. This vast collection of life-sized clay soldiers, horses, and chariots was unearthed in 1974 near the ancient city of Xi'an. Created more than two millennia ago during the Qin Dynasty (221-206 BCE), the army is a testament to the vision and ambition of China's first emperor, Qin Shi Huang.The Terracotta Army consists of thousands of individually crafted soldiers, each with distinct facial features, hairstyles, and uniforms. The soldiers are arranged in battle formation, a captivating representation of an ancient army ready for combat. This incredible assembly includes infantrymen, archers, cavalry, and charioteers, reflecting the diversity and sophistication of the Qin Dynasty's military forces.One of the most awe-inspiring aspects of the Terracotta Army is its sheer scale. The main pit alone contains over 6,000 terracotta figures, and it is believed that there may be additional pits still buried, awaiting discovery. The meticulous craftsmanship displayed in the creation of these clay warriors is a testament to the advanced artistic and technological capabilities of the Qin Dynasty.The purpose of the Terracotta Army was to accompany Qin Shi Huang in the afterlife. The emperor, known for his pursuit of immortality and the unification of China, sought to extend his power beyond death. The Terracotta Army was designed to serve and protect him in the afterlife, replicating the grandeur and strength of his military forces during his reign.Each warrior was produced with great attention to detail, from thefacial expressions to the intricate armor. The level of artistry and craftsmanship displayed in the creation of these figures reflects the advanced state of Chinese sculpture during the Qin Dynasty. The uniformity and precision with which the army was crafted also highlight the centralization of power and control that characterized Qin Shi Huang's rule.The discovery of the Terracotta Army has provided invaluable insights into ancient Chinese military practices, artistic techniques, and burial rituals. It stands as a testament to the rich cultural heritage and historical significance of China. The site has become a major tourist attraction, drawing visitors from around the world to marvel at the scale and intricacy of this ancient masterpiece, a silent army that continues to guard its emperor in the realm of eternity.。

西安兵马俑英文简短介绍1. 兵马俑英文简介兵马俑英文简介The terra-cotta warriors museum is China's largest ancient military museum. In 1961, the state council of the People's Republic of China will be emperor qinshihuang as the national cultural relic protection unit. For the first emperor qin shihuang cemetery thorough archeological investigation begins. In 1962, the archeologists were plotted cemetery, the first piece of plane layout diagram, via detecting, cemetery ranges 56.25 square kilometers, which is equivalent to nearly 78 palace, cause the archaeology sensation. In 1987, the emperor qinshihuang and Terra Cotta Warriors pit "by UNESCO world heritage list approved listed in the", and is known as "eighth wonder of the world" make the whole world, make amazing all Chinese proud！秦始皇兵马俑博物馆上是中国最大的古代军事博物馆。

介绍西安兵马俑的作文英语The Terracotta Army, also known as the "Terracotta Warriors and Horses", is a collection of terracotta sculptures depicting the armiesof Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China. This magnificent and awe-inspiring site is located in the city of Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.兵马俑，又被称为“兵马俑”，是中国第一位皇帝秦始皇的一系列陶俑雕塑，描绘了秦始皇的军队。

这个宏伟而令人敬畏的遗址位于中国陕西省西安市。

The Terracotta Army was constructed over 2,000 years ago, duringthe late third century BCE. It was created to accompany the Emperor in the afterlife, and to protect him in his journey to the underworld.兵马俑建于2000多年前的公元前3世纪末期。

它是为了陪伴皇帝走向来世，并保护他在地下世界的旅程中。

The terracotta warriors and horses were discovered in 1974 by local farmers drilling a well. Their accidental discovery led to one of the most significant archaeological finds of the 20th century.兵马俑是在1974年被当地农民在打井时意外发现的。

五分钟兵马俑英语讲解词以下是一份五分钟兵马俑英语讲解词及中文意思：女士们、先生们，欢迎来到中国古都西安，今天我将带大家领略一处世界闻名的历史遗迹——兵马俑。

兵马俑是中国古代秦始皇陵的一部分，位于今天的陕西省西安市。

这些兵马俑是秦始皇统一中国后为了保卫他的帝国而建造的，武士俑可能有 7000 件，每一个兵马俑都栩栩如生，根据军队的编制和职务进行精细雕刻，向我们展现了古代的战争艺术。

兵马俑的发现被认为是二十世纪最重要的考古发现之一，它们不仅是中国古代文明的杰作，也是世界文化遗产的瑰宝。

让我们一同踏上时光之旅，在这片土地上领略中国古代帝王的伟大与辉煌。

Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to the ancient capital of China, Xi'an. Today, I will take you to a world-famous historical site - the Terracotta Army.The Terracotta Army is a part of the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor in ancient China, located in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province today. These Terracotta Warriors were built by the First Emperor of Qin to protect his empire after he unified China. There may be 7,000 warrior statues, each one lifelike, carefully carved according to the organization and duties of the army, showing us the art of ancient warfare.The discovery of the Terracotta Army is considered one of the most important archaeological discoveries of the 20th century. They are not only a masterpiece of ancient Chinese civilization, but also a gem of world cultural heritage.Let us embark on a journey through time and experience the greatness and glory of the ancient Chinese emperors on this land.。

Terracotta ArmyJump to: navigation, searchMausoleum of the First Qin Emperor*UNESCO World Heritage SiteState PartyTypeCriteriaReferenceRegion**ChinaCulturali, iii, iv, vi441Asia-PacificInscription historyInscription1987 (11th Session)* Name as inscribed on World Heritage List.** Region as classified by UNESCO.The Terracotta Army (simplified Chinese: 兵马俑; traditional Chinese: 兵馬俑; pinyin: bīngmǎ yǒng; literally "soldier and horse funerary statues") is the Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shi Huang the First Emperor of China. The terracotta figures, dating from 210 BC, were discovered in 1974 by some local farmers near Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China near the Mausouleum of the First Qin Emperor. (Chinese: 秦始皇陵; pinyin: Qín Shǐhuáng Líng). The figures vary in height (183–195 cm - 6 ft–6 ft 5in), according to their role, the tallest being the generals. The figures include warriors, chariots, horses, officials, acrobats, strongmen, and musicians. Current estimates are that in the three pits containing the Terracotta Army there were over 8,000 soldiers, 130 chariots with 520 horses and 150 cavalry horses, the majority of which are still buried inthe pits.[1] Many archeologists believe that there are many pits still waiting to be discovered.Contents[hide]•••••••••1 Introduction2 Construction3 The pits4 British Museum exhibition5 In popular culture6 Gallery7 Notes8 Bibliography9 External links[edit] IntroductionView of the largest excavation pit of the Terracotta ArmyThe Terracotta Army was discovered in 1974 in the eastern suburbs of Xi'an, Shaanxi Province by local farmers drilling a water well 1.5 miles east of Lishan (a mountain).[2] This discovery prompted archaeologists to go to Shaanxi Province, China to investigate. The Terracotta Army is a form of funerary art buried with the First Emperor of Qin (Qin Shi Huang, "shi huang" means the first emperor) in 210-209 BC. (He declared himself the first emperor of China in 221 BCE.) Their purpose was to help rule another empirewith Shi Huang Di in the afterlife. Consequently, they are also sometimes referred to as "Qin's Armies."The material to make the terracotta warriors originated on Mount Lishan. In addition to the warriors, an entire man-made necropolis for the emperor has been excavated.According to historian Sima Qian (145-90 BC), construction of this mausoleum began in 246 BC and involved 700,000 workers. Qin Shi Huang was 13 when construction began. He specifically stated that no two soldiers were to be made alike, which is most likely why he had construction started at that young age. Sima Qian, in his most famous work, Shiji, completed a century after the mausoleum completion, wrote that the First Emperor was buried with palaces, scenic towers, officials, valuable utensils and "wonderful objects," with 100 rivers fashioned in mercury and above this heavenly bodies below which he wrote were "the features of the earth." Some translations of this passage refer to "models" or "imitations," but he does not use those words.[3]Recent scientific work at the site has shown high levels of mercury in the soil on and around Mount Lishan, appearing to add credence to Sima Qian's writings. The tomb of Shi Huang Di is under an earthen pyramid 76 meters tall and nearly 350 square meters. The tomb remains unopened, in the hope that it will remain intact. Archeologists are afraid that if they do excavate the tomb, they might damage some of the valuables buried with emperor Qin Shi Huang. Only a portion of the site is presently excavated, and photos and video recordings are prohibited in some areas of the viewing. Only few foreigners such as Queen Elizabeth II have walked through the pits, side by side to the army. [4]Qin Shi Huang’s necropolis complex was constructed to serve as an imperial compound or palace. It comprises several offices, halls and other structures and is surrounded by a wall with gateway entrances. It was also said[citation needed] as a legend that the terracotta warriors were real soldiers, buried with Emperor Qin so that they could defend him from any dangers in the next life.[edit] ConstructionThe terracotta figures were manufactured both in workshops by government laborers and also by local craftsmen. The head, arms, legs and torsos were created separately and then assembled. Studies show that eight face moulds were most likely used, and then clay was added to provide individual facial features.[5] Once assembled, intricate features such as facial expressions were added. It is believed that their legs were made in much the same way that terracotta drainage pipes were manufactured at the time. This would make it an assembly line production, with specific parts manufactured and assembled after being fired, as opposed to crafting one solid piece of terracotta and subsequently firing it. In those days, each workshop was required to inscribe its name on items produced to ensure quality control. This has aided modern historians in verifying that workshops that once made tiles and other mundane items were commandeered to work on the terracotta army. Upon completion, the terracotta figures were placed in the pits in precise military formation according to rank and duty.The terracotta figures are life-like and life-sized. They vary in height, uniform and hairstyle in accordance with rank. The colored lacquer finish, individual facial features, and actual weapons and armor from battle used in manufacturing these figures created a realistic appearance. The original weapons were stolen by robbers shortly after the creation of the army and the coloring has faded greatly. However, their existence serves as a testament to the amount of labor and skill involved in their construction. It also reveals the power the First Emperor possessed, enabling him to command such a monumental undertaking.[edit] The pitsThe four pits associated with the dig are about 1.5 km east of the burial ground and are about 7 meters deep. The outside walls of the tomb complex are as if placed there to protect the tomb from the east, where all the conquered states lay. They are solidly built with rammed earth walls and ground layers as hard as concrete. Pit one, 230 meters long, contains the main army, estimated at 8,000 figures. Pit One has 11 corridors, most of which are over 3 meters wide, and paved with small bricks with a wooden ceiling supported by large beams and posts. This design was also used for the tombs of noblemen and would have resembled palace hallways. The wooden ceilings were covered with reed mats and layers of clay for waterproofing, and then mounded with more soil making them, when built, about 2 to 3 meters higher than ground level.[6] Pit two has cavalry and infantry units as well as war chariots, and is thought to represent a military guard. Pit three is the command post, with high ranking officers and a war chariot. Pit four is empty, seemingly left unfinished by its builders.[edit] British Museum exhibitionA set piece of 120 objects from the mausoleum and 20 terracotta warriors were displayed at the British Museum in London as its special exhibition "The First Emperor: China'sRanks of terracottaTerracotta Army" from September 13, 2007 to April 2008.[7] This Terracotta Army exhibition made 2008 the British Museum's most successful year ever, and made the British Museum the United Kingdom's top cultural attraction between 2007-08.[8][9] The exhibition also brought in the most visitors to the British Museum since the King Tutankhamun exhibition in 1972.[8] It was reported that the initial batch of pre-bookable tickets to the Terracotta Army exhibition sold out so fast that the museum extended the exhibition until midnight on Thursdays to Sundays.[10] According to The Times , many people had to be turned away from the exhibition, despite viewings until midnight,[11] and during the day of events to mark the Chinese new year, the crush was so intense that the gates to the museum had to be shut.[11] The Terracotta Army has been described as the only other set of historic artifacts (along with the remnants of ruins of the Titanic ) which can draw a crowd simply on the back of the name alone.[10][edit ] In popular culture ••••••The Terracotta Army was featured in a 1992 episode of Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? In 2004 the Terracotta Army was visited by the contestants competing on Season 6 of The Amazing Race . In 2005 film The Myth , the mausoleum was raided and revealed to be a huge anti- gravity field complete with floating armies and mock palace. The Terracotta Army was replicated in the 2008 movie The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor . In Lionhead Studio's Fable II, Terry Cotter's Army, a spoof of the Terracotta Army, can be found behind a "Demon Door." The game The Sims 3 has an expansion pack The Sims 3: World Adventures that has soldiers, horses and chariots from the Terracotta Army in the China vacation destination.[edit ] GalleryA rank of soldiers. One of the soldiers on the left is missing his head, a result of thefact that the statueswere made in piecesand then assembled. Note how the faces ofthese two soldiers differfrom each other. Each statue was constructed An officer statue infantrymen to be unique.his mountThe Terracotta Warriorswere once painted. Today only a handful ofA cavalryman andThe warriors were statues contain small once highly coloured amounts of paint. Alsonotice the detail putinto the soles of theThe statues include many of the different military units in the Emperor's army at the time. Here we see a four horse war chariot with mounts.warrior's shoes.[edit ] Notes 1. ^ Jane Portal and Qingbo Duan, The First Emperor : China's Terra Cotta Army,British Museum Press, 2007, p. 1672. ^ The precise coordinates are 109.2731083°E Coordinates : 34°23′5.71″N 109°16′23.19″E34.3849194°N 34°23′5.71″N 109°16′23.19″E34.3849194°N 109.2731083°E ) 3. ^ Jane Portal and Qingbo Duan,The First Emperor: China's Terracotta Army, British Museum Press , 2007, p. 174. ^ The Mausoleum of the First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty and Terracotta Warriors and Horses5. ^ Jane Portal and Qingdao Dan, The First Emperor: China's Terracotta Arm, British Museum Press, 2007, p. 1706. ^ Jane Portal and Qingbo Duan, The First Emperor: China's Terracotta Arm, British Museum Press, 2007, pp260-1677. ^ The First Emperor: China's Terracotta Army . The British Museum8. ^ a b "Terracotta army makes British Museum favorite attraction". The Guardian . 2008-07-02. /artanddesign/2008/jul/02/design.heritage .9. ^ "British Museum sees its most successful year ever". Best Western . 2008-07-03. /Editorial-News/Article/British-Museum-sees-its- most-successful-year-ever-401.aspx .10. ^ a b "The First Emperor: China’s Terracotta Army (Bri tish Museum)". Great Exhibitions. 2008-02-09. /blog/the-first- emperor-chinas-terracotta-army-british-museum/.11. ^ a b "Is the British Museum the greatest museum on earth?". The Times . 2008-07- 09. /tol/arts_and_entertainment/visual_arts/artic le4296037.ece .[edit ] Bibliography• • • • • Debainne-Francfort, Corrine (1999). The Search for Ancient China. Discoveries. New York: Harry N. Abrams. ISBN 9780810928503.Dillon, Michael (1998). China: A Historical and Cultural Dictionary. Durham East Asia series. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon. ISBN 9780700704392. Kinoshita, Hiromi (2007). Jane Portal. ed. The First Emperor: China's Terracotta Army. London: British Museum. ISBN 9780714124476.Ledderose, Lothar (2000). "A Magic Army for the Emperor". Ten Thousand Things: Module and Mass Production in Chinese Art. The A.W. Mellon Lectures in the Fine Arts. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691009575. Perkins, Dorothy (1999). Encyclopedia of China: The Essential Reference to China, Its History and Culture. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 9780816043743.。

秦始皇兵马俑英文导游词秦始皇兵马俑英文导游词兵马俑(Terracotta Army;Terra-cotta Figures;soldier and horse figures)，即秦始皇兵马俑，亦简称秦兵马俑或秦俑，位于今陕西省西安市临潼区秦始皇陵以东1.5千米处的兵马俑坑内，。

下面是应届毕业生小编为大家收集的关于秦始皇兵马俑英文导游词，欢迎大家阅读!Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum and the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses MuseumEmperor Qin Shihuang (259-210B.C.) had Ying as his surname and Zheng as his given name. He name to the throne of the Qin at age 13, and took the helm of the state at age of 22. By 221 B.C., he had annexed the six rival principalities of Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao and Wei, and established the first feudal empire in China’s history.In the year 221 B.C., when he unified the whole country, Ying Zheng styled himself emperor. He named himself Shihuang Di, the first emperor in the hope that his later generations be the second, the third even the one hundredth and thousandth emperors in proper order to carry on the hereditary system. Since then, the supreme feudal rulers of China’s dynasti es had continued to call themselves Huang Di, the emperor.After he had annexed the other six states, Emperor Qin Shihuang abolished the enfeoffment system and adopted the prefecture and county system. He standardized legal codes, written language, track, currencies, weights and measures. To protect against harassment by the Hun aristocrats. Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the Great Wall be built. All these measures played an active role in eliminating the cause of the state ofseparation and division and strengthening the unification of the whole country as well as promotion the development of economy and culture. They had a great and deep influence upon China’s 2,000 year old feudal society.Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the books of various schools burned exc ept those of the Qin dynasty’s history and culture, divination and medicines in an attempt to push his feudal autocracy in the ideological field. As a result, China’s ancient classics had been devastated and destroy. Moreover, he once ordered 460 scholars be buried alive. Those events were later called in history“the burning of books and the burying of Confucian scholars.”Emperor Qin Shihuang，for his own pleasure, conscribed several hundred thousand convicts and went in for large-scale construction and had over seven hundred palaces built in the Guanzhong Plain. These palaces stretched several hundred li and he sought pleasure from one palace to the other. Often nobody knew where he ranging treasures inside the tomb, were enclosed alive.Emperor Qin Shihuan g’s Mausoleum has not yet been excavated. What looks like inside could noly be known when it is opened. However, the three pits of the terra-cotta warriot excavated outside the east gate of the outer enclosure of the necropolis can make one imagine how magnificent and luxurious the structure of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum was.No.1 Pit was stumbled upon in March 1974 when villagers of Xiyang Village of Yanzhai township, Lintong County, sank a well 1.5km east of the mausoleum. In 1976, No.2 and 3 Pits were found 20m north of No.1 Pit respectively after the drilling survey. The terra-cotta warriors and horses are arrayed according to theQin dynasty battle formation, symbolizing the troops keeping vigil beside the mausoleum. This discovery aroused much interest both at home and abroad. In 1975, a museum, housing the site of No.1 and covering an area of 16,300 square meters was built with the permission of the State Council. The museum was formally opened to public on Oct.1, the National Day, 1979.No.1 Pit is 230 meters long from east to west, 62m wide from north to south and 5m deep , covering a total area of 14,260 square meters. It is an earth-and-wood structure in the shape of a tunnel. There are five sloping entrances on the eastern and western sides of the pit respectively. The pit is divided into eleven corridors by ten earthen partition walls, and the floors are paved with bricks. Thick rafters were placed onto the walls (but now one can only see their remains), which were covered with mats and then fine soil and earth. The battle formation of the Qin dynasty, facing east. In the east end are arrayed three lines of terra-cotta warriors, 70 pieces in each, totaling 210 pieces. They are supposed to be the van of the formation. Immediately behind them are 38 columns of infantrymen alternating with war chariots in the corridors, each being 180m long. They are probably the main body of the formation. There is one line of warriors in the left, right and west ends respectively, facing outwards. They are probably the flanks and the rear. There are altogether 27 trial trench, it is assumed that more than 6,000 clay warriors and horses could be unearthed from No.1 Pit.No.2 Pit sis about half the size of No.1 Pit, covering about 6,000 square meters Trail diggings show this is a composite formation of infantry, cavalry and chariot soldiers, from which roughly over 1,000 clay warriors, and 500 chariots and saddled horses could be unearthed. The 2,000-year-old wooden chariotsare already rotten. But their shafts, cross yokes, and wheels, etc. left clear impressions on the earth bed. The copper parts of the chariots still remain. Each chariot is pulled by four horses which are one and half meters high and two metres long. According to textual research, these clay horses were sculptures after the breed in the area of Hexi Corridor. The horses for the cavalrymen were already saddled, but with no stirups.No.3 Pit covers an area of 520m2 with only four horses, one chariot and 68 warriors, supposed to be the command post of the battle formation. Now, No.2 and 3 Pits have been refilled, but visitors can see some clay figures and weapons displayed in the exhibition halls in the museum that had been unearthed from these two pits. The floors of both No.1 and 2 Pits were covered with a layer of silt of 15 to 20cm thick. In these pits, one can see traces of burnt beams everywhere, some relics which were mostly broken. Analysis shows that the pits were burned down by Xiang Yu, leader of a peasant army. All of the clay warriors in the three pits held real weapons in their hands and face east, showing Emperor Qin Shihuang’s strong determination of wiping out the six states and unifying the whole country.The height of the terra-cotta warriors varies from 1.78m, the shortest, to 1.97m, the tallest. They look healthy and strong and have different facial expressions. Probably they were sculpted by craftsmen according to real soldiers of the Qin dynasy. They organically combined the skills of round engraving, bas-relief and linear engraving, and utilized the six traditional folk crafts of sculpturing, such as hand-moulding, sticking, cutting, painting and so on. The clay models were then put in kilns, baked and colour-painted. As the terra-cotta figures have beeb burnt and have gone through the natural process of decay, we can’t seetheir original gorgeous colours. However, most of the terra-cotta figures bear the trace of the original colours, and few of them are still as bright as new. They are found to be painted by mineral dyestuffs of vermilion, bright red, pink dark green, powder green, purple, blue, orange, black and white colours.Thousands of real weapons were unearthed from these terra-cotta army pits, including broad knives, swords, spears, dagger-axes, halberds, bows, crossbows and arrowheads. These weapons were exquisitely made. Some of theme are still very sharp, analyses show that they are made of alloys of copper and tin, containing more than ten kinds of other metals. Since their surfaces were treated with chromium, they are as bright as new, though buried underground for more than 2,000 years. This indicates that Qin dynasty’s metallurgical technology and weapon-manufacturing technique already reached quite a high In December 1980, two teams of large painted bronze chariots and horses were unearthed 20 metres west of the mound of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum. These single shaft four-horse chariots each comprises 3,462 spare parts, and has a body with two compartments, one behind the other, and an elliptical umbrella like canopy. The four horses harnessed to the chariot are 65-67 centimeters tall. The restored bronze chariots and horses are exact imitations of true chariot, horse and driver in half life-size.The chariots and horses are decorated with coloured drawings against white background. They have been fitted with more than 1,500 piecese of gold and silvers and decorations, looking luxurious, splendid and graceful. Probably they were meant for the use of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s soul to go oninspection. The bronze chariots and horses were made by lost wax casting, which shows a high level of technology. For instance, the tortoise-shell-like canopy is about 4mm thick, and the window is only 1mm thick on which are many small holes for ventilation. According to a preliminary study, the technology of manufacturing the bronze chariots and horses has involved casting, welding, reveting, inlaying embedding and chiseling. The excavation of the bronze chariots and horses provides extremely valuable material and data for the textual research of the metallurgical technique, the mechanism of the chariot and technological modeling of the Qin dynasty.No.2 bronze chariot and horses now on display were found broken into 1,555 pieces when excavated. After two-and-half yea rs’ careful and painstaking restoration by archaeologists and various specialists, they were formally exhibited in the museum on October 1, 1983. No.1 bronze chariot hand horses are on display from 1988.。

介绍秦始皇陵兵马俑英语作文The Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang and the Terracotta ArmyThe Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang, also known as the Emperor Qin Mausoleum, is located in Lintong District,Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China. It is the burial site of the first Emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang, who ruled from 220 to 210 BC. The mausoleum complex covers an area of 56 square kilometers and is surrounded by a 6-meter-high wall. The most famous part of the mausoleum is the Terracotta Army, which is a collection of life-sized terracotta sculptures depicting the army of Qin Shi Huang.The Terracotta Army was discovered in 1974 by a group of farmers digging a well. It is estimated that there are over 8,000 soldiers, 130 chariots with 520 horses, and 150 cavalry horses in the army. Each soldier is unique, with different facial features, hairstyles, and armor. The army is arranged in battle formation, with infantry, cavalry, and archers all represented. The purpose of the army was to protect the emperor in the afterlife and ensure his immortality.The Terracotta Army is considered one of the most significant archaeological discoveries of the 20th century. It provides valuable insights into the military, artistic, and technological achievements of the Qin Dynasty. The sculptures are remarkable for their lifelike detail and the level of craftsmanship involved in their creation. The site has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is a popular tourist destination, attracting millions ofvisitors from around the world each year.Visitors to the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang can explore the various pits where the terracotta warriors are displayed, as well as the museum that provides information about the history and significance of the site. The mausoleum complex also includes the burial mound of Qin Shi Huang, which has not been excavated due to concerns about preserving the site.In conclusion, the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang and the Terracotta Army are important cultural and historicalrelics that offer a glimpse into the ancient civilization of China. The site is a testament to the power andinfluence of the Qin Dynasty and continues to fascinate and inspire people from all over the world.秦始皇陵和兵马俑秦始皇陵，又称秦始皇帝陵，位于中国陕西省西安市临潼区。

Terracotta ArmyJump to: navigation, searchMausoleum of the First Qin Emperor*UNESCO World Heritage SiteState PartyTypeCriteriaReferenceRegion**ChinaCulturali, iii, iv, vi441Asia-PacificInscription historyInscription1987 (11th Session)* Name as inscribed on World Heritage List.** Region as classified by UNESCO.The Terracotta Army (simplified Chinese: 兵马俑; traditional Chinese: 兵馬俑; pinyin: bīngmǎ yǒng; literally "soldier and horse funerary statues") is the Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shi Huang the First Emperor of China. The terracotta figures, dating from 210 BC, were discovered in 1974 by some local farmers near Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China near the Mausouleum of the First Qin Emperor. (Chinese: 秦始皇陵; pinyin: Qín Shǐhuáng Líng). The figures vary in height (183–195 cm - 6 ft–6 ft 5in), according to their role, the tallest being the generals. The figures include warriors, chariots, horses, officials, acrobats, strongmen, and musicians. Current estimates are that in the three pits containing the Terracotta Army there were over 8,000 soldiers, 130 chariots with 520 horses and 150 cavalry horses, the majority of which are still buried inthe pits.[1] Many archeologists believe that there are many pits still waiting to be discovered.Contents[hide]•••••••••1 Introduction2 Construction3 The pits4 British Museum exhibition5 In popular culture6 Gallery7 Notes8 Bibliography9 External links[edit] IntroductionView of the largest excavation pit of the Terracotta ArmyThe Terracotta Army was discovered in 1974 in the eastern suburbs of Xi'an, Shaanxi Province by local farmers drilling a water well 1.5 miles east of Lishan (a mountain).[2] This discovery prompted archaeologists to go to Shaanxi Province, China to investigate. The Terracotta Army is a form of funerary art buried with the First Emperor of Qin (Qin Shi Huang, "shi huang" means the first emperor) in 210-209 BC. (He declared himself the first emperor of China in 221 BCE.) Their purpose was to help rule another empirewith Shi Huang Di in the afterlife. Consequently, they are also sometimes referred to as "Qin's Armies."The material to make the terracotta warriors originated on Mount Lishan. In addition to the warriors, an entire man-made necropolis for the emperor has been excavated.According to historian Sima Qian (145-90 BC), construction of this mausoleum began in 246 BC and involved 700,000 workers. Qin Shi Huang was 13 when construction began. He specifically stated that no two soldiers were to be made alike, which is most likely why he had construction started at that young age. Sima Qian, in his most famous work, Shiji, completed a century after the mausoleum completion, wrote that the First Emperor was buried with palaces, scenic towers, officials, valuable utensils and "wonderful objects," with 100 rivers fashioned in mercury and above this heavenly bodies below which he wrote were "the features of the earth." Some translations of this passage refer to "models" or "imitations," but he does not use those words.[3]Recent scientific work at the site has shown high levels of mercury in the soil on and around Mount Lishan, appearing to add credence to Sima Qian's writings. The tomb of Shi Huang Di is under an earthen pyramid 76 meters tall and nearly 350 square meters. The tomb remains unopened, in the hope that it will remain intact. Archeologists are afraid that if they do excavate the tomb, they might damage some of the valuables buried with emperor Qin Shi Huang. Only a portion of the site is presently excavated, and photos and video recordings are prohibited in some areas of the viewing. Only few foreigners such as Queen Elizabeth II have walked through the pits, side by side to the army. [4]Qin Shi Huang’s necropolis complex was constructed to serve as an imperial compound or palace. It comprises several offices, halls and other structures and is surrounded by a wall with gateway entrances. It was also said[citation needed] as a legend that the terracotta warriors were real soldiers, buried with Emperor Qin so that they could defend him from any dangers in the next life.[edit] ConstructionThe terracotta figures were manufactured both in workshops by government laborers and also by local craftsmen. The head, arms, legs and torsos were created separately and then assembled. Studies show that eight face moulds were most likely used, and then clay was added to provide individual facial features.[5] Once assembled, intricate features such as facial expressions were added. It is believed that their legs were made in much the same way that terracotta drainage pipes were manufactured at the time. This would make it an assembly line production, with specific parts manufactured and assembled after being fired, as opposed to crafting one solid piece of terracotta and subsequently firing it. In those days, each workshop was required to inscribe its name on items produced to ensure quality control. This has aided modern historians in verifying that workshops that once made tiles and other mundane items were commandeered to work on the terracotta army. Upon completion, the terracotta figures were placed in the pits in precise military formation according to rank and duty.The terracotta figures are life-like and life-sized. They vary in height, uniform and hairstyle in accordance with rank. The colored lacquer finish, individual facial features, and actual weapons and armor from battle used in manufacturing these figures created a realistic appearance. The original weapons were stolen by robbers shortly after the creation of the army and the coloring has faded greatly. However, their existence serves as a testament to the amount of labor and skill involved in their construction. It also reveals the power the First Emperor possessed, enabling him to command such a monumental undertaking.[edit] The pitsThe four pits associated with the dig are about 1.5 km east of the burial ground and are about 7 meters deep. The outside walls of the tomb complex are as if placed there to protect the tomb from the east, where all the conquered states lay. They are solidly built with rammed earth walls and ground layers as hard as concrete. Pit one, 230 meters long, contains the main army, estimated at 8,000 figures. Pit One has 11 corridors, most of which are over 3 meters wide, and paved with small bricks with a wooden ceiling supported by large beams and posts. This design was also used for the tombs of noblemen and would have resembled palace hallways. The wooden ceilings were covered with reed mats and layers of clay for waterproofing, and then mounded with more soil making them, when built, about 2 to 3 meters higher than ground level.[6] Pit two has cavalry and infantry units as well as war chariots, and is thought to represent a military guard. Pit three is the command post, with high ranking officers and a war chariot. Pit four is empty, seemingly left unfinished by its builders.[edit] British Museum exhibitionA set piece of 120 objects from the mausoleum and 20 terracotta warriors were displayed at the British Museum in London as its special exhibition "The First Emperor: China'sRanks of terracottaTerracotta Army" from September 13, 2007 to April 2008.[7] This Terracotta Army exhibition made 2008 the British Museum's most successful year ever, and made the British Museum the United Kingdom's top cultural attraction between 2007-08.[8][9] The exhibition also brought in the most visitors to the British Museum since the King Tutankhamun exhibition in 1972.[8] It was reported that the initial batch of pre-bookable tickets to the Terracotta Army exhibition sold out so fast that the museum extended the exhibition until midnight on Thursdays to Sundays.[10] According to The Times , many people had to be turned away from the exhibition, despite viewings until midnight,[11] and during the day of events to mark the Chinese new year, the crush was so intense that the gates to the museum had to be shut.[11] The Terracotta Army has been described as the only other set of historic artifacts (along with the remnants of ruins of the Titanic ) which can draw a crowd simply on the back of the name alone.[10][edit ] In popular culture ••••••The Terracotta Army was featured in a 1992 episode of Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? In 2004 the Terracotta Army was visited by the contestants competing on Season 6 of The Amazing Race . In 2005 film The Myth , the mausoleum was raided and revealed to be a huge anti- gravity field complete with floating armies and mock palace. The Terracotta Army was replicated in the 2008 movie The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor . In Lionhead Studio's Fable II, Terry Cotter's Army, a spoof of the Terracotta Army, can be found behind a "Demon Door." The game The Sims 3 has an expansion pack The Sims 3: World Adventures that has soldiers, horses and chariots from the Terracotta Army in the China vacation destination.[edit ] GalleryA rank of soldiers. One of the soldiers on the left is missing his head, a result of thefact that the statueswere made in piecesand then assembled. Note how the faces ofthese two soldiers differfrom each other. Each statue was constructed An officer statue infantrymen to be unique.his mountThe Terracotta Warriorswere once painted. Today only a handful ofA cavalryman andThe warriors were statues contain small once highly coloured amounts of paint. Alsonotice the detail putinto the soles of theThe statues include many of the different military units in the Emperor's army at the time. Here we see a four horse war chariot with mounts.warrior's shoes.[edit ] Notes 1. ^ Jane Portal and Qingbo Duan, The First Emperor : China's Terra Cotta Army,British Museum Press, 2007, p. 1672. ^ The precise coordinates are 109.2731083°E Coordinates : 34°23′5.71″N 109°16′23.19″E34.3849194°N 34°23′5.71″N 109°16′23.19″E34.3849194°N 109.2731083°E ) 3. ^ Jane Portal and Qingbo Duan,The First Emperor: China's Terracotta Army, British Museum Press , 2007, p. 174. ^ The Mausoleum of the First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty and Terracotta Warriors and Horses5. ^ Jane Portal and Qingdao Dan, The First Emperor: China's Terracotta Arm, British Museum Press, 2007, p. 1706. ^ Jane Portal and Qingbo Duan, The First Emperor: China's Terracotta Arm, British Museum Press, 2007, pp260-1677. ^ The First Emperor: China's Terracotta Army . The British Museum8. ^ a b "Terracotta army makes British Museum favorite attraction". The Guardian . 2008-07-02. /artanddesign/2008/jul/02/design.heritage .9. ^ "British Museum sees its most successful year ever". Best Western . 2008-07-03. /Editorial-News/Article/British-Museum-sees-its- most-successful-year-ever-401.aspx .10. ^ a b "The First Emperor: China’s Terracotta Army (Bri tish Museum)". Great Exhibitions. 2008-02-09. /blog/the-first- emperor-chinas-terracotta-army-british-museum/.11. ^ a b "Is the British Museum the greatest museum on earth?". The Times . 2008-07- 09. /tol/arts_and_entertainment/visual_arts/artic le4296037.ece .[edit ] Bibliography• • • • • Debainne-Francfort, Corrine (1999). The Search for Ancient China. Discoveries. New York: Harry N. Abrams. ISBN 9780810928503.Dillon, Michael (1998). China: A Historical and Cultural Dictionary. Durham East Asia series. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon. ISBN 9780700704392. Kinoshita, Hiromi (2007). Jane Portal. ed. The First Emperor: China's Terracotta Army. London: British Museum. ISBN 9780714124476.Ledderose, Lothar (2000). "A Magic Army for the Emperor". Ten Thousand Things: Module and Mass Production in Chinese Art. The A.W. Mellon Lectures in the Fine Arts. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691009575. Perkins, Dorothy (1999). Encyclopedia of China: The Essential Reference to China, Its History and Culture. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 9780816043743.。

对兵马俑的描述作文英文The Terracotta Warriors and Horses, also known as the Army of the Qin Emperor, is a collection of life-size sculptures that were buried with the first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang, in 210 BCE. The army is located in the cityof Xi'an in the Shaanxi province of China and is considered one of the greatest archaeological discoveries of the 20th century.The army consists of over 8,000 soldiers, 130 chariots, and 670 horses, each with unique facial features, hairstyles, and armor. The soldiers were created with great attention to detail and were originally painted in bright colors, although most of the paint has now faded.The soldiers were buried in three pits, with thelargest pit containing over 6,000 soldiers. The soldiers were arranged in battle formation, with infantry in thefront and cavalry in the back. The pits were covered with a wooden roof and then covered with earth to create a mound.The purpose of the army was to protect the emperor in the afterlife. The emperor believed that he would need an army to defend himself in the afterlife and ordered the creation of the army. The soldiers were created by skilled craftsmen who worked in secrecy, as the emperor did not want anyone to know the location of his tomb.The discovery of the army in 1974 was a major archaeological breakthrough that shed light on the history and culture of ancient China. The army has become a major tourist attraction and has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.In conclusion, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses is an incredible collection of sculptures that showcases theskill and artistry of ancient Chinese craftsmen. The army provides a glimpse into the history and culture of ancient China and is a must-see for anyone interested in archaeology or Chinese history.。

秦始皇陵兵马俑英文介绍阅读秦始皇陵兵马俑英文介绍篇一E m p e r o r Q i n s m a u s o l e u m i s t h e l a r g e s t o f a n c i e n t C h i n a,s i t u a t e d a t t h e n o r t h e r n f o o t o f M t L i,L i n t o n g C o u n t y,s o m e30m e a s t o f X i a n c i t y,秦始皇的陵墓是古代中国最大的,位于北部的临潼县骊山脚下,西安以东约30m处,f a c i ng W e i sh ui R i v e r i n t h e n o r t h，c l o s e t o t h e t o u r i s t r e s o r t H u a q i n g P o o l i n t h e w e s t.面朝在北面的渭河,接近西面的华清池旅游胜地。

T h e h u g e a n d a m a z i n g s a t e l l i t e p i t o ft e r r a-c o t t a w a r r i o r s i s1500m e a s t o ft h e m a u s o l e u m,d i s c o v e r e d i n M a r c h o f1974,b y ag r o u p o f f a r m e r s d r i l l i n g a w e l l a g a i n s tt h e d r a u g h t.巨大的、令人惊叹的兵马俑卫星坑在陵墓以1500米处，1974年3月由一群钻井抗旱的农民发现。

A r c h a e o l o g i s t t h e u n e a r t h e d t h e t r e a s u r e o f Q i n d y n a s t y h i d d e n f o r o v e r2000y e a r s.考古学家发掘了在地下隐藏2000年的宝藏，T h e p i t i s t r u l y a n u n d e r g r o u n d m i l i t a r y m u s e u m l a r g e s t w o r l d w i d e.坑确实是世界最大的地下军事博物馆。

西安兵马俑导游词英文西安兵马俑导游词英文西安兵马俑位于今陕西省西安市临潼区秦始皇陵以东1.5千米处的兵马俑坑内。

如下小编就为大家收集了西安兵马俑导游词英文，欢迎阅读！篇一：西安兵马俑导游词英文Dear tourist friends:Hello, welcome to the ancient city of Xi'an. I am the tour guide for your trip to Xi'an. My name is Chen. Everybody called me Chen guide. One of the first attractions is the world cultural heritage today we visit the Qin yong. The scenic spot is located in Xi'an Lintong, it takes about forty minutes, when we get there, you can see in the Terracotta Army of qin.Do you know the origin of the Qin Terracotta Army? The original in the previous dynasties, the emperor after the death of all the living dead, and later to the Qin Dynasty, a minister of the Qin Dynasty said: "before is the living dead, this is not very appropriate for you, let the skilled craftsmen to build a made of clay that you nanzhengbeizhan, all conquering Army how?" Qin Shihuang agreed that the idea was a good idea. In fact, it was not Qin Shihuang's nod to agree that there was no today's magnificent Qin Terracotta Army.Well, we are now in the mausoleum of the Qin Shihuang. Please get off in turn. Terracotta Army is grand. Three pits have been excavated, a total area of nearly 2000 square meters, almost as big fifty basketball courts, a pit of Terracotta Army eight thousand.Now we are in the No. 1 pit. In three a pit, a pit is the largest, that is 230 meters long, 62 meters wide north-south, a total areaof 1426 square meters; the pit of Terracotta Army is also up, more than 6000. On the top of the No. 1 pit, a huge arched hall was built. We can walk into the hall in the tour should also visit carefully, Caution! Oh!Please look at the tall, wearing Heguan, wearing armor, with a sword in hand, the general will go with head high and chest out. The look of the spirit, as soon as you see, is a long period of sand field and a heavy responsibility in the shoulder. There are many wonderful Samurai figurines, horse cavalry, commission. These Terracotta Army a look different and wonderful, it is a feast for the eyes to see.The Qin Terracotta Army is unique in the history of the ancient and modern sculpture. It's a vivid simulation arrangement, display the image of the Chinese nation powerful and heroic.Dear tourist friends, the time has passed quickly, and the tour of the Qin Terracotta Army is also at the end of today. I wish you a pleasant journey.篇二：西安兵马俑导游词英文Visitors:Hello, welcome to the Terracotta Army of Qin Dynasty. My name is Zhang Junwei. It is your tour guide. Everyone calls me Zhang guide. The Qin Terracotta Army was unearthed in Lintong, Xi'an, China.Visitors, we are now in the three pit Terracotta Army of Qin, Qin Terracotta Army grand scale, three pits have been excavated, a pit, things 230 meters long, 60 meters wide north-south, a total area of about 14260 square meters, it is the history of the world a great miracle.Terracotta Army is not only large in size, but also in manytypes and distinct in personality. Study abroad network Please look at these big men. Please guess what these figures are. Yes, they are strong, dressed in robes and armed with weapons.Then continue to look at the cavalry figurines, careful observation, they wore a short pants, tight mouth pants, seemed to start at any time to kill.No war, no mark, please look forward, a horse body strong, like the order, sakaisidi will embark on the journey, into the sky.You see, this is known to the world the Terracotta Army of Qin, some nodded thoughtfully, as if her, considering how to defeat the enemy; some eagle-eyed, solemn, clear in the dark to unify the world pledged to fight; some clenched fists, ready to.The tourists, I introduced so far, there are a variety of Terracotta Army there, please feel free to watch, but do not litter, do not take photos.。

The Terracotta Army of Qin Shihuang: A Marvel of Ancient Chinese CraftsmanshipNestled deep within the vastness of China's Shaanxi province, lies a remarkable testament to the grandeur and magnificence of the ancient Qin dynasty. The Terracotta Army of Qin Shihuang, also known as the Bingma Yong, is a magnificent display of military might and cultural precision, frozen in time for over two thousand years. This extraordinary burial complex, commissioned by Emperor Qin Shihuang to accompany him in his afterlife, is one of the most visited and celebrated archaeological sites in the world.The scale and intricacy of the Terracotta Army aretruly breathtaking. Thousands of life-sized terracotta figures, each unique in detail and posture, stand guard in silent testament to the emperor's legacy. These figures, ranging from soldiers to horses and even chariots, were painstakingly crafted from a combination of clay, straw, and other natural materials, and then fired to create a durable and lifelike finish. Each figure is individually posed, with realistic facial expressions and detailedweaponry, reflecting the meticulous attention to detail in ancient Chinese craftsmanship.The history and significance of the Terracotta Army are equally fascinating. The complex was discovered in 1974 by farmers digging wells near the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang, and since then, it has captivated the world with its rich cultural and historical value. The figures are thought to have been buried to protect the emperor in his afterlife, symbolizing the might and power of the Qin Empire. They also serve as a testament to the technological advancements and cultural achievements of ancient China, particularly in the fields of pottery and military organization.Visiting the Terracotta Army is an immersive experience that brings the past to life. Walking among the rows of figures, one can almost imagine the sounds of ancient battlefields and the grandeur of the Qin dynasty. The meticulous attention to detail in the figures' poses and expressions is particularly noteworthy, as it provides a window into the culture and beliefs of ancient China. The site also offers a profound understanding of the importance of death and burial rites in ancient Chinese society, withthe Terracotta Army serving as a symbol of the emperor's immortality and his continued reign in the afterworld.In conclusion, the Terracotta Army of Qin Shihuang is not just a remarkable feat of ancient Chinese craftsmanship; it is also a vivid testament to the rich history andculture of China. This incredible burial complex offers a unique glimpse into the past, allowing visitors to experience the grandeur and magnificence of the Qin dynasty firsthand. The meticulous attention to detail, the lifelike figures, and the profound historical significance of thesite all contribute to its status as one of the most remarkable archaeological discoveries of all time.**秦始皇陵兵马俑：中国古代工艺的奇迹**位于中国陕西省深处的秦始皇陵兵马俑，是秦代辉煌与壮丽的非凡见证。

西安兵马俑英语介绍篇 1The Terracotta Army of Xi'an is one of the most remarkable archaeological discoveries of the 20th century. It was discovered in 1974 by local farmers digging a well. This accidental finding unveiled a vast underground army of life-sized terracotta warriors and horses.The historical background of the Terracotta Army dates back to the Qin Dynasty, when Emperor Qin Shi Huang sought to ensure his protection and power even in the afterlife. The scale of this army is astonishing. There are thousands of intricately crafted warriors, each with unique facial expressions and postures. The detail and craftsmanship involved showcase the advanced skills and resources of that era.The significance of the Terracotta Army cannot be overstated. It provides invaluable insights into the military, art, and culture of ancient China. It offers a glimpse into the grandeur and might of the Qin Dynasty. Moreover, it holds a unique position in the world's archaeological history. No other similar discovery has matched its scale and complexity. The Terracotta Army stands as a testament to the ingenuity and creativity of the ancient Chinese people, and it continues to fascinate and inspire people from all over the world.篇 2The Terracotta Army of Xi'an is an extraordinary archaeological wonder that showcases the remarkable artistic skills and intricate craftsmanship of ancient China. The figures stand as silent witnesses to a bygone era, each one possessing its own unique charm.The facial expressions of the Terracotta Warriors are incredibly diverse. Somehave stern and determined looks, as if ready for battle at any moment, while others display a more serene and composed demeanor. Their postures too vary greatly. Some stand upright, holding weapons firmly in their hands, exuding a sense of strength and readiness. Others are in kneeling or sitting positions, presenting a vivid tableau of different combat scenarios.When it comes to the clothing details, the intricacy is astonishing. The warriors are adorned with elaborate armor and helmets, each piece meticulously crafted. The patterns and textures on the clothing are finely detailed, reflecting the attention to detail and the high level of craftsmanship of the time.In comparison to other ancient artworks, the Terracotta Army stands out for its sheer scale and the individuality of each figure. This mass production of individualized artworks is a testament to the advanced techniques and organizational capabilities of the ancient Chinese civilization. The Terracotta Army of Xi'an is not just a collection of clay figures; it is a window into the past, allowing us to glimpse the grandeur and sophistication of an ancient empire.篇 3The Terracotta Army in Xi'an is one of the most remarkable and awe-inspiring archaeological discoveries in the world. It holds a significant place not only in China's cultural heritage but also in the global tourism landscape. Every year, millions of tourists from all corners of the globe flock to Xi'an to witness this magnificent wonder. The number of visitors is staggering, reaching into the millions, which showcases its unparalleled appeal.The presence of the Terracotta Army has had a profound impact on the local economy. It has led to the development of various related industries such as hotels, restaurants, and transportation services. Local businesses thrive as tourists spend money on souvenirs, guided tours, and other experiences. Moreover, the fame of the Terracotta Army has put Xi'an on the map as a premier tourist destination, attractingboth domestic and international investments. This, in turn, has created job opportunities for the local population and contributed to the overall economic growth of the region.In conclusion, the Terracotta Army is not just a collection of ancient sculptures; it is a driving force for cultural exchange and economic prosperity. It serves as a living testament to China's rich history and continues to inspire and captivate people's hearts and minds.篇 4The Terracotta Army of Xi'an is one of the most remarkable cultural heritages in the world. Great efforts have been made to protect and study these precious relics.In terms of protection measures, advanced technologies such as 3D scanning and environmental monitoring systems have been employed. These techniques allow for precise documentation of the condition of each figurine and early detection of potential damage. For instance, the use of non-invasive methods to analyze the composition of the materials helps determine the most suitable conservation strategies.The research progress is also quite encouraging. Scholars have been exploring the manufacturing techniques and cultural significance of the Terracotta Army. They have discovered fascinating details about the ancient craftsmanship and the social context in which they were created.By constantly improving protection measures and deepening research, we not only preserve the historical value of the Terracotta Army but also gain a deeper understanding of our ancestors' wisdom and the rich cultural heritage they left behind. This shows our unwavering commitment to protecting and respecting cultural treasures.篇 5When I set foot in Xi'an and witnessed the Terracotta Army, it was like stepping into a time capsule that transported me back thousands of years. The moment I laid my eyes on those meticulously crafted statues, a sense of awe and astonishment washed over me. Each figure, with its distinct expression and posture, seemed to tell a story of its own.I saw fellow tourists' mouths agape, their eyes wide with amazement. "How could such craftsmanship exist so long ago?" someone exclaimed. The sheer scale and precision of the army were beyond imagination. It was as if an entire ancient army had been frozen in time, ready to march at any moment.The detail in the faces, the armor, and the weapons was astonishing. It was clear that an immense amount of effort and skill had gone into creating this masterpiece. I felt a profound connection to history, as if I could sense the spirit and determination of the people who had brought this wonder into being.The Terracotta Army is not just a collection of statues; it's a living testament to the past, a window into an era long gone but still very much alive in our imaginations. Leaving the site, I knew that this experience would remain etched in my memory forever.。

西安和秦始皇陵兵马俑的英文介绍Xi'an, the ancient capital of China, is a city steeped in history and cultural significance. It is home to one of the most remarkable archaeological discoveries of the 20th century - the Terracotta Warriors of the Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum. This vast underground army, created to guard the first emperor of a unified China in the afterlife, has captured the imagination of people around the world.The story of the Terracotta Warriors begins with the rise of the Qin Dynasty, which unified China for the first time in 221 BCE under the rule of Qin Shi Huang. As the first emperor, Qin Shi Huang was determined to leave an enduring legacy and began construction on an elaborate mausoleum to house his remains and serve as his eternal resting place. The scale of this project was truly staggering, with the mausoleum complex covering an area of over 56 square kilometers and containing a vast underground city, complete with palaces, stables, and an entire army of life-sized terracotta soldiers.The Terracotta Warriors were discovered by chance in 1974 by a group of farmers digging a well near the city of Xi'an. What theyuncovered was a breathtaking sight - row upon row of meticulously crafted terracotta figures, each one unique and lifelike, with distinct facial features, expressions, and poses. The discovery of this underground army was a revelation, shedding new light on the grandeur and ambition of the Qin Dynasty and the remarkable achievements of its first emperor.The Terracotta Warriors are divided into several distinct pits, each one containing a different aspect of the emperor's army. The largest and most impressive is Pit 1, which houses over 6,000 soldiers, archers, and chariots, all arranged in perfect battle formation. The attention to detail in the craftsmanship of these figures is truly astounding, with each soldier possessing unique facial features, hairstyles, and expressions, as if they were real individuals rather than mass-produced replicas.Pit 2, on the other hand, is dedicated to the cavalry and chariot units, with over 1,300 terracotta horses and 130 chariots. The horses are depicted in various poses, some rearing up, others standing calmly, and the chariots are equally detailed, with intricate carvings and fittings. The level of realism and attention to detail in these figures is a testament to the skill and artistry of the craftsmen who created them.In addition to the soldiers and horses, the Terracotta Warriors alsoinclude a number of other figures, such as acrobats, musicians, and officials. These figures provide a glimpse into the complex social and cultural hierarchy of the Qin Dynasty, with each figure representing a different role or status within the emperor's court.The significance of the Terracotta Warriors extends far beyond their aesthetic and historical value. They represent a profound and deeply personal statement of power and legacy, a physical manifestation of the first emperor's desire to maintain his authority and influence even in the afterlife. The sheer scale and complexity of the mausoleum complex, with its underground city and army of terracotta soldiers, is a testament to the ambition and vision of Qin Shi Huang, and a remarkable example of the engineering and artistic achievements of ancient China.The discovery of the Terracotta Warriors has also had a profound impact on our understanding of the Qin Dynasty and the development of Chinese civilization. The level of detail and craftsmanship in the figures has provided valuable insights into the technology, social structure, and cultural practices of the time, and has sparked a renewed interest in the study of ancient Chinese history and archaeology.Today, the Terracotta Warriors are a major tourist attraction, drawing millions of visitors to Xi'an each year. The site has been carefullypreserved and protected, with ongoing excavation and research efforts to uncover more of the mausoleum complex and to better understand the significance and legacy of the Terracotta Warriors. For many, the experience of standing before these awe-inspiring figures, each one a unique and lifelike representation of the emperor's army, is a powerful and unforgettable one, a testament to the enduring power of human creativity and the enduring legacy of the Qin Dynasty.。