汉英翻译技巧之词类转换法 Conversion
Conversion: Conversion is also a common practice in Chinese-English translation. It is to
change the part of speech into another.
1. Verbs to be converted into Nouns.
1) 林则徐认为，要成功地制止鸦片买卖，就得首先把鸦片销毁。
Lin Zexu believed that a successful of the trade in opium should be preceded
by a of the drug itself.
2) 邓小平在“十一大”上说：“一定要少说空话，多做工作”。
Deng Xiaoping said at the 11th Party Congress,
“There must be and .” (v.--n.)
3) 绝对不许违反这个原则。
No of this principle can be tolerated. (v.—n.)
4) 采用这种新装置可以大大降低废品率。
The of this new device will greatly cut down/reduce the percentage of
defective products.
5) 他在讲话中特别强调提高产品质量。
He raising the quality of products in his speech.
6) 中国人民百年以来不屈不挠、再接再厉地英勇斗争，使得帝国主义至今不能灭亡中国，也永远不能灭亡中国。
二、转译成名词
（一）、英语中有很多名词派生的动词
1. 名词派生的动词。
Formality has always characterized their relationship.
有一个特点
As the war progressed, he would symbolize their frustration, the embodiment of all evils.
随着战争的进行，他成了他们受挫的象征，成了一切坏事的象征。
To them, he personified the absolute power.
绝对权威的象征。
2. 名词转用的动词。
Most U.S. spy satellites are designed to burn up in the earth’s atmosphere after completing their
missions.
美国绝大多数间谍卫星，按其设计，是在完成使命后，在大气层中焚毁的。
Some of them were already planning to staff a Humphrey Administration in the event the
Democratic candidate won an election.
他们中间有些人，已经在民主党候选人一旦获胜后的汉弗莱政府计划人事安排。
练习：
The landing was designed to cut the peninsula in two.
登陆的目的是要把该半岛一分为二。
The navy is now positioned to safeguard both the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.
海军现在摆下阵势，防卫太平洋和大西洋。
On that day they were escorted to the Great Wall of China.
第六节词类转译法
第六节：词类转译法（Conversion）
在英译汉过程中，有些句子可以逐词对译，有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达方式不同，就不能“一个萝卜一个坑”的方法来逐词对译。原文中有些词在译文中需要转换词类，才能使汉语译文通顺自然。词类转译的情况归纳起来有以下四种：
一、转译成动词
英语和汉语比较起来，汉语中动词用得比较多，这是一个特点。往往在英语句子中只有一个谓语动词，而在汉语中却可以有几个动词或动词性结构连用。汉语没有词形变化，但可以几个动词连用。因此，英语中不少词类（尤其名词、前置词、形容词、副词）在汉译时往往可以转译成动词。
（一）名词转译成动词
1、由动词派生的名词转译成动词，在政论文体中出现比较多。
1) One after another, speakers called for the downfall of
imperialism, abolition of exploitation of man by man, liberation
of the oppressed of the world.
2)Rockets have found application for the exploration of the
universe.
2．含有动作意味的名词（在记叙、描写文体中出现较多）往往可以转译成动词。
1)As sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special
longing.
2）As the week drew to a close, the enemy rout was
complete.
3.英语中有些加后缀-er的名词，如teacher教师, thinker思想家等等，有时在句子中
并不指其身份和职业，而是含有较强的动作意味。在汉语中没有恰当的对应名词时，往往可以译成动词。 1)I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming. I think my little
1 此类转换
1. 转换成汉语动词
1.1英语名词化结构及动名词一般均可译为汉语动词
1. A change of state from a solid to a liquid form requires heat energy. 从气态到液态的变化会释放潜在热量
2. Light from the sun is a mixture of light of many different colors. 太阳光是由许多不同颜色的光混合
3. Integrated circuits are fairly recent development. 集成电路是近年来才发展起来的
4. Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭已经发现为探索宇宙的应用
5. The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. 看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机声，我心驰神往
6. A study of that letter leaves us in no doubt as to the motives behind it. 研究一下那封信，就使我们毫不怀疑该信是别有用心的
7. A fire in the neighbor’s house can easily bring disaster to everyone. 在邻居的房子着火容易给大家带来灾难。
8. A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial.
从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑的全景和林肯纪念堂。
