汉译英翻译重点：主语的确定
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汉译英翻译重点英、汉当中语⾔的类型特点：1、汉语：语意性语⾔，⼒求考究字与语意及其相关关系，注意内容的意会性，其句法特点是：主语可以由不同类别的词语担当，主语隐含、不显或⽆主语的情况时常可见，谓语成分⽐较复杂，且不受主语⽀配，没有⼈称、数、时态的变化，句与句之间多⽆明⽰逻辑关系的连接词，汉语句⼦看似松散，如流⽔般⽆定式可依。2、英语：语法性语⾔，重点研究主谓、序列及其相关词类，句⼦结构受形式逻辑制约，注重形式严谨，其句法特征是：主语突出，易于识别，只能由名词或名词性的词语担当，谓语绝对受主语⽀配，在⼈称和数上⾯必须与主语保持⼀致，有时态、语态和语⽓的变化，句与句之间都与明⽰逻辑关系的连接词相连，英语依法构句，形式完整⽽严密。英语是主语显著语，英语构建在主谓轴上，确定主谓语是成功构句、保证译⽂与原⽂功能相似、语意相符的关键。4.1主语的确定原⽂主语作主语：场合有限
重新确定主语
（⽐较翻译）1) 世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。
a) The turn of the century finds China most attractive on the diplomatic arena.
b) At the turn of the century, China is very active in its diplomatic activities.
中国发⽣了翻天覆地的变化。Great changes have taken place in China.
China has witnessed tremendous changes.
2) ⼀九*年⼗⽉中国爆炸了第⼀颗原⼦弹，使世界⼤为震惊。
a. China’s first atomic blast in October, 1964 was a great shock to the rest of the world.
b. In October, 1964, China blasted its first atomic bomb, which shocked the rest of the world greatly.
3) 胎⼜瘪了。
a. We’ve got another flat tire.
b. Our tire is flat again.
4) ⼈不可貌相，海⽔不可⽃量。
a. It is impossible to judge people from their appearance, and impossible to measure the ocean by pints.
b. We can’t judge people from their appearance, just as we can’t measure the ocean by pints.
增补主语1、 推敲语境
2、 考虑英语语法习惯和⾏⽂的需要
沉默呵，沉默呵！不在沉默中爆发，就在沉默中灭亡。Silence, silence! Unless we burst out, we shall perish in this silence!
起⼤风了。It’s blowing hard.
⽤劳动实现⾃⼰的理想，⽤理想指导⾃⼰的劳动。You realize your ideals through labor and you guide your labor by ideals.
1) 中国社会主义建设的航船将乘风破浪的驶向现代化的光辉彼岸。a. The ship of China’s socialist construction will brave the wind and waves and sail to the glorious destination ofmodernization.
b. China will stride forward in building socialism, like a ship braving the wind and the waves, towards the glorious destinationof modernization.
2) 我们之间关系的发展使我们不仅成为亲密的朋友，⽽且成为兄弟。
a. The development of our relations has made us not only close friends but also brothers.
b. Our relations have so grown that bind us not only as close friends but also as brothers.
3) 他⼼直⼝快，总是愿意和任何⼈交朋友，所以很快就赢得了⼤家的信任。
a. His outspokenness and readiness to make friends with anyone soon won their trust.
b. He was very outspoken and always ready to make friends with anyone, so he won their trust.
4) 中国的富强和发展不会对任何国家构成威胁。
a. A strong, prosperous and developed China will pose no threat to any countries.
b. The strength, prosperity and development of China will pose no threat to any countries.
5) 轻纺⼯业产品的花⾊品种增多，质量继续有所提⾼。
a. The designs and variety of light industrial and textile products have increased and their quality has continued to improve.
b. Light industry and textile products are now available in better designs and quality and richer variety.
6) 楼的质量不好。
a. The building is not well built.
b. The quality of the building is poor.
天有不测风云，⼈有旦⼣祸福。Storms gather without warning in nature and bad luck befalls men overnight.
真是太荒谬了。It’s utterly absurd.
只有冷静才能成功。Success depends on calm minds.
端午节吃粽⼦。On the Dragon Boat Festival, people eat zongzi.
上海近⼏年发⽣的巨⼤变化赢得了全世界⼈民的赞叹。That Shanghai has changed greatly in recent years has won admiration from people all over the world.
