2013年北师大、扬州大学文艺学考博真题

北京师范大学2013年博士入学英语试题与答案详解第一部分：试题部分Part I: Reading comprehension (45%)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then select the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C and D by marking the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1In contrast to rock musicians, jazz players prefer to spend their time with their music and tend to measure success by that single standard, as a trombonist once put it:”A jazz musician would rather play a good concert for three people than a bad one for three thousand.”All the same, with their fellow players, jazzmen are collegiate and gregarious, exchanging musical ideas in a spirit of mutual support or friendly competition, uniting in a collaborative effort to raise the level of their art. Even the greatest individualists have benefited from the talents of others.In this legendary band, Duke Ellington provided star soloists with the ideal framework for their abilities. At the same time, they inspired him with the rich material of their personal idioms and phrases, which found their way into his compositions. In fact, Ellington was so adept at recycling what he heard that one of them dismissed him as” not a composer but a compiler”.Ellington’s creative gifts were genuine and vast, but for much of his life he did receive crucial assistance not only from the involvement of his band, but from an actual day-in, day-out collaborator. In 1938 he met Billy Strayhorn, a youngpianist-composer who was immediately brought into the ducal fold. Stryhorn became Ellington’s altered ego, contributing scores to the band but functioning even more importantly as a silent partner, completing pieces Ellington left unfinished, reworking others and acting as all-purpose composer-sometimes credited, more often not.Ellington provided Strayhorn with financial security, artistic respect and the creative medium of the Ellington band. Throughout their partnership-which lasteduntil Strayhorn’s death in 1967—they never had a contract. Ellington simply paid all Strayhorn’s bills, never stipulated how much he should compose, and treated him as creative equal and friends, describing him as” my favorite human being”, Strayhorn, a homosexual bon vivant, brilliant but self-effacing, let Ellington take both the glory and the strain of stardom, while he relieved some of the artistic pressure with a talent comparable to the leader’s own.Though occasionally there was discord over the matter of official composer credit in their joint works, Ellington always publicly acknowledged his colleague’s contributions, and the many Strayhon originals in Ellington’s book speak for themselves, including the band’s famous theme and greatest hit,” Take the Train”. Thought the young man was adept at imitating the ducal style, his own unique voice, full of subtle impressionist colors, influenced a generation of later jazz composers.1.According to the article, jazzmen________.pete fiercely with each otherB.Are not sociable when they are with their fellow playersC.Refuse to exchange ideas about music with their fellow playersD.Collaborate a lot with their fellow players to improve the level of their art2.Which of the following statements is TRUE about Duke Ellington?A.He refused to collaborate with but a few talented musicians.B.He had little natural talent but rather used other’s genius for his ownpurposes.C.He entered into a collaborative relationship with Billy Strayhorn that suitedboth men.D.He often utilized material from lesser known musicians withoutacknowledgement.3.Of the Strayton\Ellington relationship, the author believes________.A.Both men were ultimately dissatisfied with their working arrangement.B.Strayhorn was respected and well compensated for his contributions to thebandC.Strayhorn provided the bulk of the creative talent while Ellington receivedpublic recognition for their effortD.While their professional relationship was productive, their personalities oftenclashed, putting a strain on their relationship4.The author feels jazz musicians________.A.Strive for commercial success over musical accomplishmentB.Differ from rock musicians in their ability to raise the level of their musicC.Are traditionally soloists who gain little from cooperative collaborationD.Gain much through mutual collaboration, although often individualists5.It is indicated that Billy Strayhon________.A.Wrote many famous songs and often attributed to Duke EllingtonB.Ended his work with Duke Ellington amid tension and frustrationC.Struggled financially as he never received proper credit for his workD.Was basically known for integrating different jazz themes into a largercompilation6.The title for this passage would be________.A．jazzmen Strayhorn and Ellington Walk AloneB．A Classic Collaborative Effort during Jazz’s Finest HourC．S trayhorn and Ellington: an Unequal and Frustration CollaborationD．Jazz is Never Played in Group: Ellington and Strayhorn Tell the World7.What is the possible meaning of the underlined word” hit” in the last paragraph?A. A successful playB.Striking vigorouslyC. A song that was welcomed by the publicD. A headline printed prominently to draw the public attention2A water is a giver and, at the same time, the taker of life. It covers most of the surface of the planet we live on and features large in the development of thehuman race. On present predictions, it is an element that is set to assume even greater significance.Throughout history, water has had a huge impact on our lives. Humankind has always had a rather ambiguous relationship with water, on the one hand receiving enormous benefit from it, not just as a drinking source, but as a provider of food and a means whereby to travel and to trade. But forced to live close to water in order to survive and to develop, the relationship has not always been peaceful or beneficial. In fact, it has been quite the contrary. What has essentially been a necessity for survival has turned out in many instances to have a very destructive andlife-threatening sideThrough the ages, great floods alternated with long periods of drought have assaulted people and their environment, hampering their fragile fight for survival. The dramatic changes to the environment that are now a feature of our daily news are not exactly new: fields that were once lush and fertile are now barren; lakes and rivers that were once teeming with life are now long gone; savannah has been turned to desert. What perhaps is new is our native wonder when faced with the forces of nature.Today, we are more aware of climatic changes around the world. Floods infar-flung places are instant hews for the whole world. Perhaps these events make us feel better as we face the destruction of our own property by floods and other natural disasters.In 2002, many parts of Europe suffered severe flood damage running into billions of euros. Properties across the continent collapsed into the sea as waves pounded the coastline wreaking havoc with sea defences. But it was not just the seas. Rivers swollen by heavy rains and by the effects of deforestation carried large volumes of water that wrecked many communities.Building stronger and more sophisticated river defences against flooding is the expensive short-term answer. There are simpler ways. Planting trees in highland areas, not just in Ganges Delta, is a cheaper and more attractive solution. Progress isalready being made in convincing countries that the emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases is causing considerable damage to the environment. But more effort is needed in this direction.And the future? If we are to believe the forecasts, it is predicted that two thirds of the world population will be without fresh water by 2025. But for a growing number of regions of the world the future is already with us. While some areas are devastated by flooding, scarcity of water in many other places is causing conflict. The state of Texas in the United States of America is suffering a shortage of water with the Rio Grande failing to reach the Gulf of Mexico for the first time in 50 years in the spring of 2002, pitting region against region as they vie for water sources. With many parts of the globe running dry through drought and increased water consumption, there is now talk of water being the new oil.Other doom-laden estimates suggest that, while tropical areas will become drier and uninhabitable, coastal regions and some low-lying islands will in all probability be submerged by the sea as the polar ice caps melt. Popular exotic destinations now visited by countless tourists will become no-go areas. Today’s holiday hotspots of southern Europe and elsewhere will literally become hotspots-too hot to live in or visit. With the current erratic behaviour of the weather, it is difficult not to subscribe to such despair.Some might say that this despondency is ill-founded, but we had ample proof that there is something not quite right with the climate. Many parts of the world have experienced devastating flooding. As the seasons revolve, the focus of the destruction moves from one continent to another. The impact on the environment is alarming and the cost to life depressing. It is a picture to which we will need to become accustomed.8.The writer believes that water________.A.Is gradually becoming of greater importance.B.Will have little impact on our lives in future.C.Is something we will need more than anything else.D.Will have even greater importance in our lives in the future.9.Humankind’s relationship with water has been________.A.Two-sidedB.One-sidedC.Purely one of great benefitD.Fairly frightening10.The writer suggest that________.A.We are in awe of the news we read and see on TV every dayB.Change to the environment leaves us speechlessC.We should not be in awe of the news we read and see on TV every dayD.Our surprise at the environmental change brought about by nature issomething new11.According to the text, planting trees________.A.Has to be coordinated internationallyB.Is more expensive than building sea and river defensesC.Is a less expensive answer to flooding than building river defensesD.Is not an answer to the problem of flooding in all regions12.By 2025, it is projected that________.A.At least half the world population will have fresh waterB.One-third of the world population will have fresh waterC.The majority of the world population will have fresh waterD.Fresh water will only be available to half of the world population13.According to the text, in the future low-lying islands________.A.Will still be habitableB.Will not be under waterC.Are likely to be under waterD.Will probably not be under water14.According to the writer________.A.People do not need to get used to environmental damageB.People will need to get used to climate changes that cause environmentaldamageC.People are now more used to environmental damage than they have been inthe pastD.The general despondency about environmental changes is ill-founded3The legend of Paul Revere’s midnight ride through the Massachusetts countryside in 1775 is known to most Americans, young and old. As the story goes, Paul Revere was a silversmith in Boston at the time of the American Revolution. When he learned that the British army planned to attack the towns and villages of Middlesex Country, farmhouse and village hall, to warn the local revolutionary soldiers of the planned attack. Because of his warning(according to legend)the struggling American colonies were able to defeat the British in an important battle.One reason for the popularity of the legend may be the publicity it has received through Henry Wadsworth Longfellwo’s commemorative poem, Paul Revere’s Ride. Longfellwo wrote the poem in 1861 and it has since then become one of the most well-known and well-loved poems in the country. The poem certainly captures the sense of danger and excitement , met with courage and ingenuity which many Americans associate with the American Revolution. It is easy to understand why the poem evokes such a large audience.However, Longfellow’s poem contains a number of historical errors. According to Longfellow’s poem, Paul Revere instructed a friend to watch the movement of the British troops and determine whether they marched inland or towards their boats. The friend was then to hang lanterns in the tower of the Old Church in Boston: one lantern if the British marched by land and two lanterns if they marched by sea. The expression” one if by land and two if by sea,” taken from Longfellow’s poem, has become very popular and is often quoted. But this idea contains two inaccuracies. First, the lanterns were hung in the tower of the Old Christ Church, not the Old NorthChurch, which is in a completely different part of Boston and would not have been visible from Paul Revere’s lookout point. Second, Longfellow confused the meaning of the number of lanterns to be hung: the actual arrangement was” two if by land and one if by sea.”Not all of Longfellow’s historical mistakes are so minor. It seems as though Longfellow chose to emphasize the idea of one hero struggling against many opposing forces, with only his own abilities to rely on. But actually, Paul Revere was only one of three riders delegated to warn the Revolutionary soldiers about the coming attack.Some people feel that Longfellow’s errors are insignificant, and that the ideals of courage and cunning are the important features of both the poem and the historical events which inspired it. But others feel that, while it probably makes little difference how many lanterns were hung from which church tower, the poem’s emphasis on the solitary hero runs counter to the most valuable idea in the poem: the idea of unity and cooperation in the face of danger. Critics of the poem raise an important question: Longfellow’s poem tells a famous story, and tells it powerfully—but is it the right story?15.According to the article, which of the following statements about Paul Revere isTURE?A.Paul Revere was a silversmith in BostonB.Paul Revere rode on horseback all alone in MassachusettsC.Paul Revere was instructed to watch closely the movements of the BritishtroopsD.Paul Revere was instructed to watch closely the movements of the Britishpeople16.Paul Revere RODE THROUGH Middlesex County because he wanted to warn thelocal townspeople that________.A.The British were going to steal their silverB.The British army was going to attack themC.The British were going to plunder the townD.They should escape from the British soldiers by sea instead of running awayover land17.According to the article, what is one of the factors that contribute to thepopularity of the story of Paul Revere?A.Longfellow’s poem” Paul Revere’s Ride”B.Paul Revere’s courage and braveryC.The important event of the American RevolutionD.An important question raised by critics of the poem18.According to the article, what the opponents of Longfellow’s poem reallymean________.A.Are all minorB.Make his poem unpopularC.May confuse people about the important ideas behind the historical eventson which the poem is basedD.Show that Longfellow did not care how many or from which church towerlanterns were hung19.The lantern hung from the tower of Old North Church________.A.Was visible from Paul Revere’s lookout pointB.Indicated that the British were going to attack by landC.Is one of many inaccuracies in Longfellow’s poemD.Indicated that the British were going to attack by sea20.The author thinks that Longfellow’s poem________.A.Has helped to publicize the story of Paul RevereB.Contains both major and minor historical inaccuraciesC.May emphasize the wrong features of the storyD.All of the above21.The author’s attitude toward Longfellow’ poem is________.rgely satiricalB.Partially criticalC.Fairly appreciativeD.Very ironical4In a perfectly free and open market economy, the type of employer—government or private—should have little or no impact on the earnings differentials between women and men. However, if there is discrimination against one sex, it is unlikely that the degree of discrimination by government and private employers will be the same. Differences in the degree of discrimination would result in earning differentials associated with the type of employer. Given the nature of government and private employers, it seems most likely that discrimination by private employers would result in earnings differentials associated with the type of employer. Given the nature of government and private employers, it seems most likely that discrimination by private employer would be greater. Thus, one would expect that, if women are being discriminated against, government employment would have a positive effect on women’s earnings as compared with their earnings from private employment. The results of a study by Fuchs support this assumption. Fuch’s result suggest that the earnings of women in an industry composed entirely of government employers would be 14.6 percent employers, other things being equal.In addition, both Fuchs and Sanborn have suggested that the effect of discrimination by consumers on the earnings of self-employed women may be greater than the effect of either government or private employer discrimination on the earnings of women employees. To test this hypothesis, Brown selected a large sample of White male and female workers from the 1970 Census and divided them into three categories: private employees, government employers, and self-employed. (Black workers were excluded from the sample to avoid picking up earning differentials that were the result of racial disparities.) Brown’s research design controlled for education, labor force participation, mobility, motivations, and age inorder to eliminate these factors as explanations of the study’s results. Brown’s results suggest that men and women are not treated the same by employers and consumers. For men, self—employment is the highest earnings category, with private employment next, and government lowest: For women, this order is reversed.One can infer from Brown’s results that consumer discriminate againstself-employed women. In addition, self-employed women may have more difficulty than men in getting good employees and may encounter discrimination from suppliers and from financial institutions.Brown’s results are clearly consistent with Fuchs’ argument that discrimination by consumers has a greater impact on the earnings of women than does discrimination by either government or private employers. Also, the fact that women do better working for government than for private employers implies that private employers are discriminating against women. The results do not prove that government does not discriminate against women. They do, however, demonstrate that if government is discriminating against women, its discrimination is not having as much effect on women’s earnings as is discrimination in the private sector.22.The passage mentions all of the following as difficulties that self-employedwomen may encounter expect________.A.Discrimination from suppliersB.Discrimination from consumersC.Problems in obtaining good employeesD.Problems in obtaining government assistance23.A study of the practices of financial institutions that revealed no discriminationagainst self-employed women would tend to contradict which of the following?A.Some explicit results of Brown’s study.B.Fuchs’ hypothesisC. A suggestion made by the authorD.Sanborn’s hypothesis24.According to Brown’s study, women’s earnings categories occur in which of thefollowing orders, from highest earnings to lowest earnings?ernment employment, private employment, self-employmentB.Self-employment, private employment, government employmentC.Private employment, self-employment, government employmentD.Private employment, government employment, self-employment25.Which of the following questions does the passage explicitly answer?A.Why do self-employed women have more difficulty than men in hiring highquality employees?B.Why do private employers discriminate more against women than dogovernment employees?C.Why were Black workers excluded from the sample used in Brown’s study?D.Why do suppliers discriminate against self-employed women?26.It can be inferred from the passage that the statements in the last paragraph aremost probably________.A.Brown’s elaboration of his research resultsB.The author’s conclusions, based on Fuchs’ and Brown’s resultsC.Brown’s tentative inference from his dataD.The author’s criticisms of Fuchs’ argument, based on Brown’s results27.Which of the following titles best describe the content of the passage as a whole?A.The necessity for Earnings Differentials in a Free Market Economy.B.How Discrimination Affects Women’s Choice of Type of Employment?C.The Relative Effect of Private Employer Discrimination on Men’s Earning asCompared to Women’s Earning.D.The Relative Effect of Discrimination by Government Employers, PrivateEmployers, and Consumers on Women’s Earnings.5Famed for their high-elevation forests, the Appalachian Mountains sweep south from Quebec to Alabama. Highest in New English and North Carolina, this broadsystem covers more than 1200 miles to form the rocky backbone of the eastern United States.The Blue Ridge Mountains form a substantial part, 615 miles, of the far-reaching Appalachians. They begin as a narrow, low ridge in Pennsylvania, then slowly spread and rise until they reach the height of 5938 feet at majestic Grandfather Mountain in North Carolina. The Blue Ridge technically includes among its major spurs the Great Smoky Mountains and the Black Mountains; Mount Mitchell, in the latter range I is at 6684 feet the highest peak east of the Mississippi River. Like the rest of the Appalachians, these mountains were once substantially higher and bolder. Their uplift was completed some 289 million years ago, and they have been drastically eroded ever since. At one time, immense continental glaciers covered the land as far south as Pennsylvania. Although they did not spread over the Blue Ridge, plants and animals far beyond their reach became adapted to the cold. When the climate warmed and the ice melted, the cold-adapted species retreated northward, surviving in the south only at higher, cooler elevations.Red Spruces and Fraser firs are remnants of the Ice Age, thriving in the higher elevations of the Blue Ridge; and local belches, birches, and red oaks are typical of forests father to the north. Sharing the high peaks is another distinctive plant community. This is the “bald”—a treeless area covered with grass, or more commonly, with broad-leaved shrubs. Often large and vigorous, the latter include huckleberries, mountain laurel, and most especially, rhododendron, an evergreen shrub that blossoms in June and creates some of the most spectacular wild gardens on Earth.28.The southernmost point of the Appalachian Mountains is in________.A.QuebecB. New EnglishC. AlabamaD. North Carolina29.The expression” the latter range” in paragraph two refers to________.A.AppalachiansB.The Black MountainsC.The Great Smoky MountainsD.Grandfather Mountain30.According to the passage, the melting of glaciers caused some plant speciesto________.A.Adapt to the heatB.Die outC.Grow bigger and strongerD.Move northward31.The author mentions all the following as plants that can be found in a “bald”EXPECT________.A.mountain laurelB.huckleberriesC.red oaksD.rhododendron32.where in the passage does the author mention what has happened to thedevelopment of the mountains since they reached their highest point?A.The second sentence of Paragraph One.B.The latter half of the second paragraph.C.The first two sentences of Paragraph Two.D.The whole Paragraph Two.33.According to the passage, a 615-mile expanse of the Appalachians is knownas________.A.The blue Ridge MountainsB.Grandfather MountainC.The Black MountainsD.The Great Smoky Mountains6Throughout the nineteenth century and into the twentieth, citizens of the United States maintained a bias against big cities. Most lived on farms and in smalltowns and believed cities to be centers of corruption, crime, poverty, and moral degradation. Their distrust was caused, in part, by a national ideology they proclaimed farming the greatest occupation and rural living superior to urban living. This attitude prevailed even as the number of urban dwellers increased and cities became an essential feature of the national landscape. Gradually, economic reality overcame ideology. Thousands abandoned the precarious life on the farm for more secure and better paying jobs in the city. But when these people migrated from the countryside, they carried their fears and suspicious with them. These new urbanities, already convinced that cities were overwhelmed with great problems, eagerly embrace the progressive reforms that promised to bring order out of the chaos of the city.One of many reforms came in the area of public utilities. Water and sewerage systems were usually operated by municipal governments, but the gas and electric networks were privately owned. Reformers feared that the privately owned utility companies would charge exorbitant rates for these essential services and deliver them only to people who could afford them. Some city and state governments responded by regulating the utility companies, but a number of cities began to supply these services themselves. Proponents of these reforms argued that public ownership and regulation would insure widespread access to these utilities and guarantee a fair price.While some reforms focused on government and public behavior, others looked at the cities as a whole. Civic leaders, convinced that physical environment influenced human behavior, argued that cities should develop master plans to guide their future growth and development. City planning was nothing new, but the rapid industrialization and urban growth of the late nineteenth century took place without any consideration for order. Urban renewal in the twentieth century followed several courses. Some cites introduced plans to completely rebuild the city core. Most other cities contented themselves with zoning plans for regulating future growth. Certain parts of town were restricted to residential use, while others were set aside forindustrial or commercial development.34.What does the passage mainly discuss?A. A comparison of urban and rural life in the early twentieth century.B.The role of government in twentieth century urban renewal.C.Efforts to improve urban life in the early twentieth century.D.Methods of controlling urban growth in the twentieth century.35.The first paragraph suggests that most people who lived in rural areas________.A.Were suspicious of their neighborsB.Were very proud of their lifestyleC.Believed city government had too much powerD.Wanted to move to the cities36.In the early twentieth century, many rural dwellers migrated to the city in orderto________.A.Participate in the urban reform movementB.Seek financial securityply with a government ordinaceD.Avoid crime and corruption37.What concern did reformers have about privately owned utility companies?A.They feared the services would not be made available to all city dwellersB.They believed private ownership would slow economic growthC.They did not trust the companies to obey the government regulationsD.They wanted to ensure that the services would be provided to rural areas38.All of the following were the direct result of public utility reformsEXCEPT________.A.Local governments determined the rates charged by private utility companiesB.Some utility companies were owned and operated by local governmentsC.The availability of services was regulated by local governmentD.Private utility companies were required to pay a fee to local government39.Why does the author mention “industrialization” in Paragraph3?。

2013年北京大学中国语言文学大综合考试真题北大大综合考试真题基础题部分填空选择1、“为何写作”是存在主义作家（）提出的。

2、“别才别趣”是南宋理论家（）提出的。

3、“戚而能谐，婉而多讽”是鲁迅对长篇小说（）的评价。

4、古希腊神话中勇敢闯过16道难关的大力士是（）5、中国第一部词典是（）6、最后进入《十三经》的是（）。

7、“披衣衣我，推食食我”在古代汉语中，“衣”“食”的声音和意思都不同，这叫做（）。

8、17年文学中，被称为“图卷戏”的戏剧是老舍的（）。

9、“艳”“yan(4)"的读法是“四呼”中的（）。

10、五六十年代的政治抒情诗的代表诗人是郭小川和（）。

11、在那天洗濯沐浴是古代传统节日（）的内容。

12、中国现代文学第一部诗歌集是（）13.郭沫若在作品（）中运用了凤凰在火中重生的传说。

14、”不恨天涯行役苦，恨西风，吹梦成今古“是清代著名词人（）的作品。

15、《文学革命论》的作者是（）16、语言的构成包括（）和聚合关系。

17、语言的三大主要发源地是古希腊罗马、中国和（）。

选择题：1、《白娘子永镇雷峰塔》出自哪部作品集（）A 警世通言B喻世明言C醒世恒言D初刻拍案惊奇2、下列属于抒情诗的是（)A《赶车转》B《王贵与李香香》C《漳河水》D《向太阳》3、90年代女性文学代表作是（）A《一个人的战争》B《方舟》C《弟兄们》D《在细雨中呼喊》4、中国现存最大的一部类书是（）A《永乐大典》 B C 《古今图书集成》 D6、经史子集四部分类法在下列哪一步作品中正式成立（）A《汉书、艺文志》B《随书、经籍志》C D 《四库全书》7、甲骨文发现后，第一部比较系统地研究甲骨文的著作是（）A刘鹗《铁云藏龟》B孙怡让《契文举例》C罗振玉《殷虚XXXX》D罗振玉《殷墟书契菁华》8、下列概念不属于某人的是（非萨特）（）A B C畏D恶心9、冯梦龙搜集的吴语民歌集是（）A《挂枝儿》B C《山歌》D10《》是下列哪一个民族的史诗（）AXX孜族B藏族C蒙古族D维吾尔族11、下列有词素意丢失现象的是（）A听证B裙钗C人物D迷惑12、古音韵学中，“促声”指的是（）A仄声B短调C入声韵D入声调13、钱钟书说：“唐诗多以风神情韵擅长，宋诗多以( )见胜”。

北京师范大学文学院考博指导与分析一、北京师范大学文学院考博资讯北京师范大学的文学院招生人数为44人，每个导师限招一个人，其中报考曹卫东、朱小健老师的考生录取后，享受北京师范大学人文宗教高等研究院奖学金、助学金，具体见/yjyjiangxuejintl.htm。

（一）考试科目及各方向导师：1.030304民俗学研究方向01：理论民俗学。

导师分别是董晓萍。

考试的科目：（1）1101英语（100%）。

（2）2289社会学原理（100%）。

（3）3801民俗学研究（100%）。

研究方向02：历史民俗学。

导师分别是萧放。

考试的科目：（1）1101英语或1103日语（100%）。

（2）2289社会学原理（100%）。

（3）3801民俗学研究（100%）。

2.040102课程与教学论研究方向01：语文教育。

导师分别是任翔、郑国民。

考试的科目：（1）1101英语（100%）。

（2）2295语文教育学（100%）。

（3）3789语文教育史（100%）。

3.050101文艺学研究方向01：中西比较诗学。

导师分别是方维规、季广茂、赵勇。

考试的科目：（1）1101英语或1102俄语或1103日语（100%）。

（2）2291中国古代文论发展史（100%）。

（3）3791西方文学理论发展史（100%）。

研究方向02：文艺美学。

导师是陈太胜。

考试的科目：（1）1101英语或1102俄语或1103日语（100%）。

（3）3095现代文论与美学（100%）。

研究方向03：中国文化与诗学。

导师是李春青。

考试的科目：（1）1101英语或1102俄语或1103日语（100%）。

（2）2291中国古代文论发展史（100%）。

（3）3791西方文学理论发展史（100%）。

研究方向04：文化与传播研究。

导师是毛峰。

考试的科目：（1）1101英语或1102俄语或1103日语（100%）。

（2）2291中国古代文论发展史（100%）。

（3）3129文化与传播（100%）。

扬州大学古代文学考博真题一、单项选择题：本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分。

在每小题列出的备选项中1. 《蜡辞》“土反其宅，水归其壑, 昆虫毋作，草木归其泽”属于 [单选题] *A.神话B. 传说C・原始歌谣(正确答案)D. 编年史2. 《诗经•关雎》中“关关雎鸠，在河之洲”所采用的艺术表现方式主要是 [单选题] *A・赋B. 赋与比C.比D. 兴与比(正确答案)3. 历史散文《春秋》属于 [单选题] *A・晋国的编年史B. 楚国的编年史C.鲁国的编年史(正确答案)D. 秦国的编年史4. 出自《战国策》的寓言故事是 [单选题] *A・庖丁解牛B. 南辕北辙(正确答案)C.蛮触之争D. 西施病心5. 韩非子说理文的艺术特色是 [单选题] *A・明切犀利(正确答案)B. 夸饰恣肆C.质朴无文D. 铺排纵恣6. 屈原《九歌》的内容是 [单选题] *A.祭神(正确答案)B. 咏史C.描写政治D. 自叙生平7. 秦刻石文的形式为 [单选题] *A.三言为句B. 四言为句(正确答案)C.五言为句D. 七言为句8. 汉代散文家贾谊生活的时代是 [单选题] * A・西汉初期(正确答案)C.东汉前期B.西汉中后期D.东汉后期9. 董仲舒的散文《天人三策》属于 [单选题] *A・史论散文B.政论散文(正确答案)C.叙事文D.抒情文10. 王符《潜夫论》的创作特点是 [单选题] *A.疾虚妄，崇实诚B.说灾异，引经典C.铺排纵横，文风华丽D.切中时弊，情感浓郁(正确答案)11・就史书体例而言，《汉书》属于 [单选题] *A.编年体史书B.国别体史书C.纪传体通史D.纪传体断代史(正确答案)12.袁康《越绝书》的写作特点是 [单选题] *A・完全纪实C.前后连贯成篇B.基本虚构D.各篇相对独立(正确答案)13.司马相如的《子虚赋》《上林赋》属于 [单选题] *A.骚体赋C.抒情赋B.大赋(正确答案)14.赵壹《刺世疾邪赋》的创作特点是 [单选题] *A.借景抒情B.借古抒情C・激烈抨击时政，直抒胸臆(正确答案)D.表现士人困厄，托物言志15・中国诗歌史上第一次文人诗歌的创作高潮形成于 [单选题] *A.建安时代(正确答案)B.正始时期C.两晋之交D.南北朝时期16.下列曹操作品中被称为“叹流光易逝，欲得贤才以早建王业之诗”的是 [单选题] *A.《薙露行》C・《短歌行》B.《蒿里行》(正确答案)D.《步出夏门行》17. 建安诗坛最杰出的诗人是 [单选题] *A.曹丕C.孔融B.曹植(正确答案)D.蔡琰18. 阮籍的五言组诗《咏怀》共有 [单选题] *A. 10 首C. 30 首D. 82 首(正确答案)19・"悼亡”一词专用为“悼妻”之用，始自 [单选题] *A.陆机B.潘岳(正确答案)C.左思D.刘琨20.陶渊明在中国诗歌史上开创了 [单选题] *A.慷慨之美B.绮丽之美C.悲凉之美D・冲淡之美(正确答案)21・谢灵运创造的山水诗的结构模式为 [单选题] *A. 先叙述登游缘起或路线，接着具体描写局部景物，最后议论或感慨(正确答案)B. 先议论或感慨，接着具体描写局部景物，最后叙述登游缘起或路线C. 先具体描写局部景物，接着叙述登游缘起或路线，最后议论或感慨D. 先具体描写局部景物，接着议论或感慨，最后叙述登游缘起或路线22•诗句“余霞散成绮，澄江静如练”岀自22.诗句“余霞散成绮，澄江静如练”出自于 [单选题] *A.陶渊明《杂诗》B.谢灵运《登江中孤屿》C.鲍照《拟行路难》D.谢眺《晚登三山还望京邑》(正确答案)23・北朝乐府民歌现存六十余首，大多辑入《乐府诗集》中的 [单选题] * A・《杂曲歌辞》C.《梁鼓角横吹曲》(正确答案)B.《杂歌谣辞》D.《清商曲辞》24. 两晋时期京都大赋的典范作品是 [单选题] *A.《两都赋》C・《二京赋》B.《三都赋》(正确答案)D.《闲居赋》25. 薛道衡的诗《昔昔盐》属于 [单选题] *A.边塞诗C・赠答诗B.闺怨诗(正确答案)D.送别诗26. 初唐四杰之一的杨炯擅长的诗体是 [单选题] *A.七言歌行C.五言律诗(正确答案)B.七言律诗D.五言绝句27. 李益写得最多最好的诗为 [单选题] *A.边塞诗(正确答案)C.田园诗B.山水诗D.唱和诗28・韦应物后期诗歌的风格是 [单选题] *A・沉郁顿挫C・刚健明朗B.闲淡简远(正确答案)D.雄奇奔放29・花间词的基本风格是 [单选题] *A.清新明朗C・自然清丽B.婉丽绮靡(正确答案)D.清丽疏淡30・柳宗元的散文《嬪嫌传》属于 [单选题] *A.人物传记C・寓言(正确答案)B.山水游记D.碑志二、多项选择题：本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分。

北师大历年专业博士入学考试试题教育学原理2008（A）1. 从现代教育的基本价值和功能分析教育对个人发展的意义（25 分）2. 试论教学过程的特殊性及对教学工作的意义（25 分）3. 互联网对青少年交往行为的影响并就学校教育由此面临的问题等谈谈你的看法。

（20 分）剩下的一题为各个方向规定选择的试题。

（30 分）今年实行的是3+1 模式。

2008 （B）（其中第2,3两题与教育学A卷一样，希望后来者有借鉴）1. 论述义务教育的基本特征以及政府应该承担的责任.（35 分）0 a O9 H\&d9L#F C'q"e（d4R2. 试论教学过程的特殊性及对教学工作的指导意义（35分）2……3. 论述互联网对青少年学生交往行为的影响并就学校教育由此面临的问题等谈谈你的对策。

（30 分）2007（A）1、试论现代教育的基本价值和功能及其对个人发展的意义。

（35 分）2、谈谈近年来教育研究方法论方面的若干变化及其意义。

（30 分）3、要求根据材料写篇小文章。

材料太长，我的准考证实在抄不下来哦，但是出自《发展教育学年鉴2 00 3 》，首都师大出版社2003 版。

具体内容是关于现代德育方面的。

（35 分）2007（B）1. 现代教育的价值取向以及与人美好生活的关系2. 评析基础教育课程改革的价值取向3. 有关网络道德教育插入：2007 年教育政治学与教育法真题1、怎样理解法律上的权利与义务的概念及分类。

2、试述教育与法律的关系。

（ ?（h8u-u4o7U'n8|4B3、高校与学生的法律关系辨析。

2007 经管学院的博士考试1. 教育财政公平与效率关系；2. 大学生就业难成因与对策分析；3. 各级教育中“市场化”问题分析；4. 择校问题成因分析；5. 分析人力资本理论与筛选理论关于教育作用的观点。

2006（B）1、从教育的本质属性角度，评析“教育产业化”。

2、现在德育概念有泛化的趋势，广义的德育包括（思想政治教育、道德品质教育、法制教育、心理健康教育等）以及狭义的德育（道德品质教育）概念的各自内涵及相互关系。

2010年北京师范大学文艺学专业博士生入学考试试题专业课一：古代文学理论发展史一、名词解释（6*5）1、诗有六义2、三准3、直寻4、不平则鸣5、行云流水，初无定质二、简答（20*2）1、《文心雕龙.原道》中的“道”是什么意思？2、论述公安派的性灵说。

三、加标点（30）关于气韵生动的一段材料专业课二：西方文学理论发展史一、名词解释（6*5）1、文化工业2、文学场3、元小说4、情感结构5、写作的零度二、论述1、康德《判断力批判》的美学思想有哪些？为什么它会影响到文学艺术理论？（30）2、新历史主义提倡“文化诗学”，其批评策略与北师大文艺学中心提倡的“文化诗学”有什么不同？（20）3、伊格尔顿在《理论之后》的一段关于文化研究的材料，谈谈你的理解。

（20）2011年北京师范大学文艺学专业博士生入学考试试题专业课一：古代文学理论发展史一、名词解释（5*6）1、六艺2、六义3、主文谲谏4、隐秀5、现量6、关目二、简答（10*3）1、简述“文笔之辨”。

2、简论邵雍的“以物观物”说。

3、简论“王者之迹息而诗亡，诗亡而后春秋作”。

三、论述（20*2）1、试论中国古代文论的研究方法。

2、试论中国古代文论发展的几次重要转折。

专业课二：西方文学理论发展史一、名词解释（6*4）1、视觉文化（visual culture）2、现代性（modernity）3 、反对阐释（Against Interpretation）4、大众文化作为逆行的精神分析（Mass culture is psychoanalysis in reverse）二、简答（36+20+20）1、论述席勒美学思想产生的历史语境，主要观点和历史影响。

2、西方有学者认为本雅明思想中有“技术决定论”的因素，请举出本雅明有“技术决定论”因素的著作和文章，并谈谈对这种说法的看法。

3、谈谈关于伊格尔顿在《20世纪西方文论》中对于后结构主义（解构主义）一段话的评述。

北师大2013年文学类考研真题精解（答案仅供参考）北京师范大学2013年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试真题部（院、系、所）：文学院科目代码：723科目名称：中国文学史（所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题纸或草稿纸上的一律无效）第一部分：中国古代文学史（75分）一、填空（每题1分，共15分）1、中国古代四大神话女娲补天、共公触山、后裔射日、嫦娥奔月都保存在《＿＿》中。

2、《诗经》除了305篇，另有6篇有目无辞的＿＿。

3、《庄子》作为创作方法的“三言”是指卮言、重言、＿＿。

4、东汉抒情赋主要有＿＿和述志赋两类。

5、东汉最早的完整五言诗是班固的《＿＿》。

6、李商隐、温庭筠、段成式皆长于骈文，一时齐名，号称“＿＿”。

7、欧阳修在《六一诗话》中对＿＿等人的“雄文博采，笔力有余”表示赞赏。

8、＿＿的17首词自注有工尺谱，是今存唯一的宋代词乐文献。

9、范成大的《＿＿》是描写出蜀见闻的著名笔记散文。

10、“寒波澹澹起，白鸟悠悠下”出自＿＿的五古《颖亭留别》。

11、白朴的《墙头马上》故事源自白居易诗《＿＿》。

12、揭露阉党论政的《＿＿》是明代一部以反面人物为主角的时事小说。

13、冯梦龙所编辑的两部明代民歌专集是《＿＿》和《山歌》。

14、汪中的《＿＿》是清代骈文的代表作。

15、“春夜伤心坐画屏,不如放眼入青冥”出自近代著名诗人＿＿的《夜坐》。

二、材料分析（每题15分，共30分）1、陈祚明《采菽堂古诗选》：“子建既擅凌厉之才，兼饶藻组之学，故风雅独绝，不甚法孟德之健笔，而穷态尽变，魄力厚于子桓。

要之三曹固各成绝技，使后人攀仰莫及。

”如何理解陈对三曹的评价？结合作品加以简析。

2、朱权《太和正音谱》：“关汉卿之词如琼筵醉客。

观其词语乃可上可下之才。

盖所以取者初为杂剧之始，故卓以前列。

”“王实甫之词如花间美人，铺叙委婉，深得骚人之趣，极有佳句，若玉环之出浴华清，绿珠之采莲洛浦”。

简述朱的主要观点，你是否认同？结合作品加以赏析。

北京师范大学文学院文艺学考博参考书-考博分数线-专业课真题一、专业的设置北京师范大学文学院每年招收博士生41人，下设民俗学、课程与教学论、文艺学、语言学及应用语言学、汉语言文字学、中国古典文献学、中国古代文学、中国现当代文学、比较文学与世界文学、中国民间文学，共10个专业。

文艺学专业下设方维规、季广茂的中西比较诗学；陈太胜、陈雪虎的文艺美学；李春青的中国文化与诗学；曹卫东的西方文论。

报考曹卫东老师的考生录取后享受北京师范大学人文宗教高等研究院奖学金、助学金，具体见/yjyjiangxuejintl.htm二、考试的科目中西比较诗学的考试科目为：①1101英语或1102俄语或1103日语②2291中国古代文论发展史③3791西方文学理论发展史文艺美学的考试科目为：①1101英语或1102俄语或1103日语②2291中国古代文论发展史③3095现代文论与美学中国文化与诗学的考试科目为：①1101英语或1102俄语或1103日语②2291中国古代文论发展史③3791西方文学理论发展史西方文论的考试科目为：①1101英语或1102俄语或1103日语②2291中国古代文论发展史③3791西方文学理论发展史三、导师介绍方维规：北京师范大学文学院文艺学研究中心教授、博导，德国埃尔朗根-纽伦堡大学哲学院兼职教授。

季广茂：教授，博导，主要研究方向：中西比较诗学开设课程：文艺心理学、当代文艺思潮等陈太胜：教授，近年来主要从事于文学理论和中国现代诗学研究。

陈雪虎：教授，研究方向：文学理论、中国近代文论、文艺美学与大众文化。

李春青：博士，教授，博士生导师，北京师范大学文艺学研究中心主任、专职研究员，曾任北京师范大学文学院副院长、文艺学研究所所长，兼任中外文学理论学会理事，全国马克思主义文学理论研究会理事。

曹卫东：文学博士，教授，博士生导师。

曾任北京师范大学文学院副院长，党委宣传部部长兼新闻中心主任，北京师范大学副校长等职务四、参考书目专业课信息应当包括一下几方面的内容：第一，关于参考书和资料的使用。

2013年北京师范大学文学院936文学理论与外国文学史考研真题及详解第一部分：文学理论部分（75分）一、解释下列句子（每题5分，共20分）1．好诗冲口谁能择，俗子疑人未遣闻。

答：这句话是苏轼对作诗的体悟：“好诗冲口谁能择，俗子疑人未遣闻。

”好的诗句是脱口而出而不加雕琢的，庸常的人却怀疑诗人没有用心遣词造句。

能于诗文中做到发语清新，自然流畅，源于苏轼率真不隐的性格和真挚不伪的感情。

苏轼最擅长的一点，是用清新的辞笔叙事摹物，故如水自流，无挂无碍。

他以“天工与清新”为诗的美学标准，亦常以此作为评论诗歌的审美标准。

2．心画心声总失真，文章宁复见为人。

答：这句话出自元好问的《论诗三十首》。

意思是在心里想象的的东西表达出来总觉得有所欠缺，不如在心中的图画、声音那么完美。

文章也一样，要准确、传神的表达出自己的内心意图也是件不容易的事。

写出千古高情《闲居赋》的潘安，实际上，却是个谄媚的小人，马屁拍得非常出格，甚至会在路边拜倒在权贵贾谧的车尘之下。

其实质是文未必如其人。

3．每一个人在内心都是一个诗人，直到这个世界上最后一个人死去，最后一个诗人才死去。

答：这句话出自弗洛伊德的《创作家与白日梦》。

他认为人的心理在梦中所做的工作，很像诗人在创作中所做的工作。

因为文学艺术作品和文学艺术的创作类似，主要是一种人类精神现象，故做梦与创作及其类似。

作品是一个幻想的世界，一个类似以文字记录下来的梦境。

弗洛伊德认为每个人都可以成为一个诗人，诗人的创作只不过是力比多的升华，因此人类自始至终都是诗人。

4．喜剧总是在模仿比我们今天的人坏的人，悲剧总是模仿比我们今天的人好的人。

答：这句话出自亚里士多德的《诗学》。

喜剧模仿“地位卑微的人”，而悲剧则模仿杰出人物，即“较好的人”。

喜剧是通过模仿人们荒谬可笑的行为令人开心；悲剧则是通过巧妙地表现人类的悲惨、苦恼和灾难达到效果的。

相对来说，悲剧会带来更大愉悦，因为它更加深入我们的内心，通过展现我们人生经历中不大常有的事故突变，产生更大的感染力。