环境工程专业英语词汇 双英对照

APPENDIXSelected English Words and Expressions for Environmental SubjectAabacterial 无菌的abatement 减少，减小，取消，消除abnormal blooming of plankton 浮游生物异常繁殖absolute alcohol 无水酒精absolute temperature 绝对温度absorb 吸收absorbent 吸收剂；吸收性的absorption 吸收abundant precipitation 过量降水abysmal deposit 深海沉积物accelerator 加速澄清池，机械澄清池，加速器access 接近，（出）入口，使用或接近的方法、机会或门路，捷径accessory 附件，附属品accidental error 偶然误差acclimate 服水土，适应环境，适应气候acclimatization 驯化，（对环境条件的）适应accommodate 使适应，调节，接纳，容纳，供应，提供acetic acid 醋酸acetone 丙酮acetylene 乙炔acid fog 酸雾acidify 酸化（作用）acidity 酸度，酸性acid-proof material 耐酸材料acoustic construction 隔声构造acoustic fatigue 声致疲劳acquisition 获得，取得，采集acrid 辛辣的，腐蚀性的act 法规，法案，条例，行为，动作activated biofilter 活性生物滤池activated carbon 活性碳activated silica 活性硅土activated sludge 活性污泥activation 活化，激活active chlorine 活性氯activity 活性，活度，放射性，功率adaptable species 适应性强的物种adaptation 适应，匹配，采用，改编（本），修改，适应性，适应力additive 附加物，添加剂；加成的adherence 粘附adhesion 粘附力adiabatic cooling 绝热冷却adjustment 调节，调准，控制，安装admixture 掺合物，杂质adsorbate 被吸附物，吸附质adsorbent 吸附剂；吸附的adsorber 吸附器，吸附剂adsorption isotherm 吸附等温线advanced treatment 高级处理，深度处理aerated contact bed (submerged contact aerator) 曝气接触床（淹没式接触曝气池）aerated lagoon 曝气氧化渠aerated spiral-flow grit channel 曝气螺旋流沉砂槽aeration 曝气aeration blower 曝气鼓风机aerobic 好氧的，好气的，需氧的，有氧的aerobic biological treatment process 好氧生物处理法，需氧生物处理法aerobic decomposition 好氧分解，需氧分解aerosol 气溶胶aesthetically 从审美角度看affinity 亲和力，亲和势affluent 支流afforestation 造林（计划），绿化after burner 火舌燃烧炉，后燃烧装置，补燃器agar 琼脂agglomerate 使聚集，使成团aggressive pathogen 侵袭性病原体air compressor 空压机，压气机air conditioner 空调器air gauge 气压计air hammer 气压锤air header 空气干管air inflow 进气量air intake 进气孔air mass 气团air polluntant emission inventory 空气污染物排放清单air pollution surveillance 空气污染监视air release valve 放气阀，释压阀air relief installation 排气设备air sparger 曝气器air stripping 气提airborne 空气中的，空降的，空运的airborne pathongenic organism 空气致病生物体air-lift pump 空气升水泵，气提泵airview 鸟瞰，鸟瞰图alcohol 乙醇，酒精aldehyde 醛algae 藻类algal bloom 水藻繁盛alignment 成直线，调准，准线，直线性，结盟，联合alkali consumption 碱消耗(量)alkali earth 碱土alkaline 碱性的alkalinity 碱度alkalization 碱化alkyl benzene sulfonate (ABS) 烷基苯磺酸盐alluvial deposit 冲积物，冲积层alum 矾，明矾aluminate 铝酸盐aluminum sulfate 硫酸铝ambient air quality standard 环境空气质量标准ambient noise 环境噪声amine 胺amino acid 氨基酸ammonia nitrogen 氨氮ammonia stripping 氨的气提，气提法除氨ammonification 氨化作用，加氨ammonium 铵amphoteric ion exchange resin 两性离子交换树脂anabolism 合成代谢，组成代谢anaerobic 厌氧的，厌气的，无溶解氧的anaerobic-anoxic-oxic process厌氧-缺氧-好氧法analysis of variance 方差分析analytical balance 分析天平anemometer 风力计，风速计anemoscope 风向仪anhydrous 无水的animal community 动物群落anion 阴离子，负离子anionic surface active agent 阴离子表面活性剂annual depreciation 年折旧annual precipitation 年降水量anode 阳极，正极anodize 阳极氧化，阳极处理anoxic 缺氧的antagonism 对抗（作用），拮抗（作用）antibiotics 抗菌素，抗生素antifreezing agent 防冻剂aperture 孔径，隙缝，小孔apparatus 仪器，装置apparent activation energy 表观活化能appreciable 明显的，相当可观的appurtenance (常用pl. ) 附属物，设备，配件，附属建筑，附属装置aquatic 水的，水生的，水上的aquatic habitat 水生环境aquatic community 水生群落aquatic life 水生生物aqueduct 水道，渠，导水管aqueous 水的aqueous ammonia 氨水aqueous solution 水溶液aquifer 蓄水层，（地下）含水层，含水地层arbitrary 独裁的，专制的，专横的，任意的，随机的，独立的aromatic 芳香的，芳烃的；芳香剂arsenic 砷artery 动脉，运输线artifical wetland （constructed wetland ）人工湿地（系统）artificial fibres 人造纤维asbestos 石棉ascending velocity 上升速度ash content 灰分ash conveyer 灰渣输送带ash handling equipment 除尘设备asphyxiate 使（人）窒息、闷死aspiration 吸气，吸入，吸出，愿望，渴望，志向aspiration ventilation 排气通风（法）assay 分析，化验assembly 装配，组合；机组assimilate 同化，吸收assimilative respiration 同化呼吸associated mineral 伴生矿物atmospheric dispersion 大气弥散，大气分散atmospheric emission 大气排放物atomic absorption spectrophotometry 原子吸收分光光度测定法atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry 原子荧光光谱atomization 喷雾，喷雾法，雾化attenuation 衰减，减弱，减轻，减少，减小attraction 引力，吸引attrition 磨损，损耗autoclave 高压锅，高压釜automatic flushback 自动反冲洗automatic valveless gravity filter 自动无阀重力流滤池，无阀滤池automobile exhaust 汽车尾气，汽车废气autotroph(e) 自养生物，自营性生物autotrophic 自养的，自我营养的，无机营养的available chlorine 有效氯available head 可用水头average yearly loading capacity 年平均负荷容量axial flow 轴流azo dye 偶氮染料azotification 固氮（作用）Bbackfill 回填backflow 回流background noise 背景噪声，本底噪声background survey 本底调查back-pressure valve (check valve) 单向阀backwash cycle 反冲周期bacteria coli 大肠杆菌bacterial colony 细菌菌落bacterial population 细菌种群bactericide 杀菌剂bacteriological examination 细菌检验bacteriologically 按细菌学的观点baffle 挡板baffle board 挡板，隔音板baffled reaction chamber 隔板式反应室bag filter 袋滤器，袋式过滤器baghouse 布袋，滤袋室，滤袋装置baghouse precipitator 布袋除尘器ball mill 球磨机band dryer （污泥）带式干化机band screen (belt screen) 带式格网，带条滤网bar screen 格栅barometer 气压计barrel 桶，桶状物basicity 碱度，盐基度batch 分批的，间歇（式）的batch centrifuge 间歇式离心机batch distillation 分批蒸馏batchwise operation 分批式操作be laden with 充满，携带，含有beaker 烧杯bearing capacity 承重能力belt filter press （污泥）带式脱水机bench 工作台，实验桌，板凳bench-scale 小型的，实验室（规模）的bench scale test 小型试验，实验室试验，模型试验beneficiation 废物回收加工benzene 苯bicarbonate 碳酸氢盐，重碳酸盐bind 粘合，束缚，堵塞bioassay 生物鉴定，活体鉴定biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) 生化需氧量biocoenosis 生物群落biodegradable 可生物降解的biodegradation 生物降解（作用）bio-disc 生物转盘biofilter 生物滤池biogeophysical 生物地球物理的biological filter loading 生物滤池负荷（率）biological phosphate removal 生物除磷酸盐biology 生物学biolysis 生物分解（作用）biomass 生物体群，生物量bioremediation 生物修复bioscrubber 生物洗涤器，生物涤气器biosorption 生物吸附，生物吸收biosphere 生物圈biota 生物群biotic community 生物群集，生物群落biotope 群落生境，环境条件均匀的地方black liquor 黑液（一般指纸浆厂废液）blank assay 空白试验，空白检定blast 鼓风bleaching liquid 漂白液blind ditch 暗沟block diagram 方块图bloom 大量增殖，旺发boiling point depression 沸点降低bomb calorimeter (炸)弹式量热器booster pump 增压泵botanic 植物的boundary layer 边界层branch 支线，支管，分支管brand 标记，牌子breakthrough 穿透，贯穿，泄漏brewery 啤酒厂brine 海水，盐水broth culture 肉汤培养，肉汤培养物bubble aeration 气泡曝气bubbling tower 起泡塔Buchner funnel 布氏漏斗bucker excavator 斗式挖掘机bucket dredger 斗式挖泥船buffer 缓冲液，缓冲剂buffer capacity 缓冲能力，缓冲容量building drain 建筑物内污水总管，建筑排水管building sewer (house sewer) 建筑物外污水总管bulking of activated sludge 活性污泥的膨胀buoyancy force 浮力burette 滴定管bypass 旁通管，超越管，旁路Ccabinet 箱，柜，橱cage rotor 笼式转子cake conveyer 滤饼输送带cake of filter-press 滤块，污泥压滤饼calcination 煅烧，焙烧calcium lime (calcium oxide, CaO) 石灰，生石灰calcium sulphate 石膏，硫酸钙calibration 校准，标定，定标calorie 卡（路里）calorific value 热值capillarity 毛细管作用，毛细现象capillary 毛细管；毛细的，毛细管的capillary suction time 毛细空吸时间（测定污泥过滤性）capital cost 基本（建设）投资，投资费，资本值capital repair 大修（理）carbonaceous compound 含碳化合物carburetor 汽化器carcinogen 致癌物，致癌因素cardiovascular disease 心血管疾病carrier 带菌者，载体cascade 级联catabolism 分解代谢catalysis 催化（作用）catalyst 催化剂cataphoresis 电泳catchment 集水区域cathode protection 阴极保护cation 阳离子，正离子cation-exchange softener 阳离子交换软水器cationic surface active agent (cationic surfactant) 阳离子表面活性剂caustic (quick) lime 生石灰，石灰caustic 腐蚀性的，苛性的；苛性药，氢氧化物caveat （防止误解的）说明cavitation 空蚀作用，气蚀作用，空穴作用cavity 空腔cell 小室，细胞，电池，盒cell mass 细胞块cellular protoplasm 细胞原生质cellular 细胞的，多孔的，蜂窝状的cementation 胶结（作用）centigrade thermometer 摄氏温度计centrifugal 离心的cesspool 污水池channel improvement 河道整治characteristic curve of pump 泵的特性曲线characterization 表征，性能描写charcoal 木炭charge 电荷；充（水、气、电等）chart 图表check 核对，阻止，制动装置，支票，联单checklist （核对用的）清单chelating reagent 螯合剂，chemical 化学的；化学品，化学制品chemical engineering unit operation 化工单元操作chemical nomenclature 化学命名法chemical oxygen demand (COD) 化学需氧量chemical resistance 耐化学性，化学抗性chemical stoichiometry 化学计量学chloride 氯化物chloride ion 氯根离子chlorinate (使)氯化，用氯消毒，用氯处理chlorinated lime 漂白粉chlorine feed unit 投氯设备，加氯单元chloroform 氯仿chlorophyll 叶绿素cholera 霍乱chromatography 色层（分离）法chronic pollution 慢性污染，长期污染chronic toxicity test 慢性毒性试验cinder 煤渣，焦渣circulator clarifier 水力（循环）澄清池cistern 蓄水池，贮水器cite 引用，引证clamp 夹子clarificant 澄清剂clarification 澄清，净化classifier （结合沉砂池的）洗砂机，分级机clay 粘土cleaner production 清洁生产climate modification 人工影响气候climatic anomaly 气候异常clinker （煤燃烧后留下的）渣滓，熔渣，熔块closet 盥洗室cloudiness 混浊性，浊度coagulant 混凝剂，凝聚剂coagulant aids 助凝剂coagulation 混凝，凝聚coalesce 凝结，凝聚，合并cocurrent extraction 并流萃取code of practice 工作规程，业务法规cold wave 寒潮coli test 大肠菌试验coliform 大肠的，大肠菌的coliform bacteria 大肠菌，大肠杆菌collecting trough 集水槽collection of classificated refuse 垃圾分类收集collection works 取水构筑物collector 集尘器，浮选促集剂，集电器，集水槽colloid 胶体colloidal 胶态的colony 菌落，群体color cast 色调color index 色度color-developing agent 显色剂colorimeter 比色计colorimetric analysis 比色分析colorimetry 比色法colour (color) 色，色度column plate 塔板combined available residual chlorine 化合性有效剩余氯combined sewage 合流污水，混合污水combined sewage system 合流下水道系统combustion 燃烧commercial formulation 生产配方commercial scale 工业规模commercial waste 商业废物，商业废水commercial 商业的，工业（用）的，大批生产的commercially 大批地commingle 混合，搀和comminute 使细碎，粉碎comminutor 磨碎机，粉碎机common grate 普通格栅communicable disease 传染病community 团体，界，全体居民，地区，社区，居民区，城镇，共同性，共有性，生物种群，群落community pollution 居民区污染，城市污染compaction 压实，压缩，致密化compactor truck 垃圾打包卡车compartment 间，室compensation 补偿，抵消，赔偿，平衡，调整completely miscible 完全混溶的complex 络合物complex ion 络离子component 组分，成分，分力，部件composite sample 混合样品，复合样品composite wastewater sample 混合废水样品composition 组成，成分，结构compost 把……做成堆肥，施堆肥于；堆肥compound fertilizer 复合肥料comprehensive utilization 综合利用compressed air 压缩空气concentrator 浓缩器concerted reaction 协同反应concrete 混凝土condensation 冷凝，凝结，缩合（作用），缩聚（作用）condensation polymerization 缩聚condensation reaction 缩合反应conditioning 调理（使污泥便于脱水）conductivity 传导性，传导率confined water 禁闭水confluence 汇流处，合流congeal 冻结，凝固conical type clarifier 圆锥形澄清池conjunction 联结，结合，连结connate water 原生水conservation 保护，守恒，保持conservation of energy 能量守恒consistence 稠性，相容性，一致性console 控制台consolidation tank （污泥）浓缩池constant rate pump 计量泵constant-head tank 恒水头水池constant-rate period 恒速阶段contact biological filter 接触生物滤池contact oxidation method 接触氧化法container 集装箱continental climate 大陆性气候continental drift 大陆漂移continuum 连续区，连续体contour line 等高线，等值线contour of water table 等水位线contracted weir 收缩堰contraction 收缩，收缩率convalescent 恢复期的convection 对流converging-diverging duct section 收缩－扩大管截面conveyer (conveyor) 传送机conveyor-type scraper 环链板刮泥器coordinate 坐标（系）；坐标的coordination 配位correction 校正，改正，纠正correlation 相关（性）corridor 走廊，流槽corrosion inhibitor 缓蚀剂cost 费用，成本cost benefit evaluation 费用－收益评价，成本－效益评价counter current （counterflow）逆流counter force 反作用力counterweight 平衡重，对重covalent bond 共价键covered sludge drying bed 有盖的污泥干化床crack 裂缝cracker 破碎机cradle 支架，机架criterion (criteria) 准则，标准critical 临界的，极限的critical compressive force 临界压力critical point 临界点cross conveyor 横向传送刮板cross current 错流，正交流cross cut test 正交试验cross section 断面，剖面，截面crucible 坩锅crush 破碎crusher 破碎机，砸碎机crystallization 结晶culprit 罪魁祸首, 肇事原因culture 培养基，培养微生物的成长culture medium 培养基，培养物curing 固化，硫化，熟化，处理current repair 小修（理）curve 曲线cycle 循环，周期cyclone 旋流，旋风，气旋器，旋风分离器，旋风除尘器cyclone dust collector 旋风集尘器cyclone scrubber 旋风涤气器cyclone separator 旋风分离器cylinder 钢瓶，（氧）气瓶，圆筒体cytoplasm 细胞质Ddaily flow 日流量，逐日流量dairy waste 牛奶场废水[废物] damped balance 阻尼天平deactivation 钝化作用deaeration unit 脱气装置deafening effect 隔声效果debris 有机残渣，腐质，残骸decantation 倾析，倾泻上层液decay 腐烂，衰变dechlorination 脱氯decibel 分贝decking 盖板，铺面，支撑板declining growth phase 生长衰落期decolorize 漂白de-emulsification 解乳化，破乳化defacing 磨损，损伤外观defecation 澄清deficiency 缺乏deficit 亏空，赤字defoam 去沫，去泡沫defoaming agent 消泡剂，去泡剂deforestation 滥伐，砍伐森林degasification 脱气作用deglaciation 冰消（作用）degradation 降解（作用）dehydration 脱水（作用），去水deionized water 去离子水，无离子水deliquescence 潮解demister 除雾器denitrification 反硝化，脱氮，脱硝（作用）denitrifying bacteria 反硝化细菌densely inhabited district 人口密集区deodorization 除臭作用deoxygenation 脱氧，脱除溶解氧，消氧dephenolizing 除酚，脱酚deposit 沉淀物，沉积物deposition 沉积（作用），沉积物depreciation 折旧depressant 抑制剂depression 减压，降低，抑制，洼地desalination 海水淡化，脱盐（作用）desiccant 干燥剂desiccating agent 干燥剂desulfurization from exhaust 从尾气脱硫detection limit 检出极限detention time 停留时间，逗留时间，滞留时间detergent 洗涤剂，去垢剂detritus 杂粒dialysis 渗析，膜析（渗透离析法）diaphragm 膜片，隔膜differential gauge 压差计diffused aeration 扩散式曝气（法）digester 消化池，煮解器digestion 消化dilute solution 稀溶液dilution 冲淡，稀释dimensionless 无因次的，无量纲的dioxin 二恶英direct-flow demineralization 自流式脱矿质discharge 流出，排出量，排放，放电discharge area 过水面积discharge capacity 流量，排水量，排放量discharge permit 排污许可（证）discharge rate 流量率，排水率，排放率，排放速率discipline 学科，科目discrete settling 离散沉降，单粒沉降dish aerator 浅盘式曝气器disinfectant 消毒剂disinfection 消毒（作用），灭菌（作用）disintegrator 破碎机，碎裂机dismantle 拆开，拆散dismutation 歧化（作用）dispersate 分散质dispersed-air flotation 弥散空气浮选dispersion 分散（作用），弥散（作用）displacement 置换，位移disposal （废弃物）处理，处置disposal of refuse in land fills 垃圾填埋处置dissociation 离解dissolution 溶解dissolve 溶解dissolved oxygen sag curve 溶解氧下垂曲线，氧垂曲线distillation 蒸馏（作用）distributing trough 配水槽，布水槽diurnal variation 昼夜变化，（周）日变DO (dissolved oxygen) 溶解氧dome aerator 圆罩式曝气器domestic demand 生活用水量，居民用水量domestic fecal sewage （家庭）粪便污水domestic refuse 家庭垃圾domestic sewage 生活污水domestic waste 家庭废水，生活废水，家庭垃圾downcomer 下水管，落水管downstream 顺流的，在下游的；顺流地，在下游地draft 草图，通风，汲出，汲水，引通draft fan 引风机draft tube 引通管，引水管drag （流体对悬浮颗粒的）摩阻，曳力drain pit (drain sump) 排水坑drain tile 瓦管drainage 排水，排水设备，排出的水draw 汲，吸，拉，拖dredge 挖掘，清淤dress water 选矿水drought 干旱，旱灾dry weather flow （合流沟管）晴天流量，干季（七天以上无雨）流量dryer 干燥器drying oven 烘箱dual water supply 分质供水durability 耐久性duration 期间，历时duration day 日照长度dust 尘dust cloud 尘云dust fog 尘雾dwelling 住宅，住所dye 染料dyestuff 染料Eeasement 附属建筑物ecological perspective 生态学观点ecological crisis 生态危机ecology 生态学effervescence 起泡，液沸（现象）effervescing 泡腾，起泡，鼓泡（作用）efficient rotation （农作物）有效轮作effluent 出水，出流，排出物ejection 喷射ejector 喷射器，射流器，喷射泵electric precipitation 电除尘electrode potential 电极电位electrodialysis 电渗析electrogalvanizing 电镀锌electrolysis 电解electrolyte 电解质，电解液electrolytic dissociation (ionization) 电离electromagnetic flowmeter 电磁流量计electromotive forces 电动势electrophoresis 电泳electroplating 电镀electrostatic precipitator 静电除尘器element 要素，元素，单元，单体，元件，部件，组成部分，（pl.）（基本）原理，基础elevated 高架的elevated reservoir 高地水库elevated tank 高位水箱elevation 高度，高程，海拔elevator 提升器，升降机elimination 去除，消除，消去elutriation 淘洗embrittlement 脆化emergency basin 备用池emergency bypass 事故旁路emergency outlet 事故出水口emergency water supply 应急给水，事故给水emission 散发，排放，排放物emission standard 排放标准empirical equation 经验方程emulsification 乳化emulsify 乳化emulsion 乳浊液enclosure 围档物，围墙endogenous phase 内生相（发生于体内的）endogenous respiration （细胞新陈代谢的）内源呼吸endothermic 吸热的engender 产生，造成，引起enmeshment 网捕，使陷入网中enrichment 富集entrap 收集，捕集，诱捕，截留entropy 熵environmental disruption 环境破坏environmental disturbance 环境破坏environmental impact 环境影响environmental monitoring 环境监测enzyme 酶equalization 均衡equipment availability 设备完好率erecting diagram 安装图erosion 侵蚀，冲刷，冲蚀eruption 喷发ester 酯estuary （沿海的）河口etch 蚀刻，侵蚀，蚀刻剂ethane 乙烷ethanol 乙醇，酒精etherification 醚化（作用）ethylene 乙烯eutrophication 富营养化evacuate 抽真空，抽出，排出（气）evaluation 评价evaporation 蒸发evergreen shrub 常绿灌木evolution 进化，演化，发育enclosure 围挡物exclude 排除excrement 排泄物，粪便exhaust 抽空，排尽，废气，排出的气；排出的，废的exhaust duct 排气导管exhaust fan 排风扇exhaust gas 尾气，废气，排气exhausted liquid 废液exogenous 外生的（有机体外的），外源性的exothermic 放热的expenditure of energy 能量消耗exploitation 开发，开采，利用，运行，操作，剥削exposure 暴露，曝露，接触，照射exposure dose 接触剂量exposure to pollutant 曝露于污染物中，接触污染物extended aeration 延时曝气（法）extraction 萃取，提取Ffabric filter 布袋过滤器facility 设施facultative 兼性的facultative aerobe 兼性好氧菌，兼性需氧菌facultative anaerobe 兼性厌气菌，兼性厌氧菌fallout measurement 散落物测定fall overturn 秋季翻转fat and oil 脂和油（油脂）fat trap 聚油脂阱fault 故障fauna 动物群feed 进料feeding installation 供水装置，投加装置fell trees 砍树，伐木felling operation 伐木工作fen 沼泽fermentation 发酵fertilizing value of sludge 污泥的肥料价值field 田地，现场，……场field observation 野外观察field survey 现场调查filament 纤丝，丝状体filamentous organisms 含丝状体的生物体fill 填满，填筑fill and draw 间歇式，注排法filler 填料filter 滤池，过滤filter aid 助滤剂filter medium 滤料，过滤介质filter paper 滤纸filter press 压滤机filter run 过滤周期，滤池运行周期filter screen 滤网filtrate 滤液（从污泥脱水滤出的）filtration 过滤final clarifier 最后澄清池，终沉池fine gravel 细卵石fine screen 细筛finish 光洁度，涂层，面层finished product 成品finishing 精修，精制，精加工，最终加工fire hydrant 消火栓first approximation 一级近似first order reaction 一级反应fish culture in stream 河道养鱼fishery 渔业，水产业，渔场fittings 配件，零件fixation of nitrogen 氮固定，固氮fixed matter 固定物质，不挥发物质fixed-bridge scraper 固定桥下刮泥器（用于辐射沉淀池）fixture 装置，工件夹具flammability 可燃性，易燃性flange 法兰，凸缘，突缘flash mixer 快速混合器，闪急混合器flask 烧瓶flat bottom 平底flat floor 平底flexible tube 软管floatation 漂浮，浮选floating scum 浮渣floating-cover digester 浮盖式消化池floc 絮凝物，絮粒，絮体，绒粒（俗称矾花）flocculant 絮凝剂flocculation 絮凝（作用）flooded area 洪泛区，淹没地面flora 植物群flotation 浮选，气浮flow diagram 流程图flow meter 流量计flow pattern 流型flow rate 流量，流速flow sheet 流程图flue gas 烟道气，烟气flue gas desulfurization system 烟气脱硫系统fluidized bed 流化床flume 水槽，斜槽flush (强液体流)冲洗，清洗，冲水flushback 反冲洗fly ash 燃烧的烟尘，飞灰foam 泡沫；起泡沫，发泡沫foam recycle 泡沫（再）循环，泡沫回流food-borne illness 由食物传染疾病forced draft (draught) cooling tower 强制通风冷却塔forced ventilation 强制通风，机械通风foreign gas 杂质气体forest conservancy 森林保护forest deterioration 森林破坏formaldehyde 甲醛formation 地（岩）层fossil fuel 矿物燃料，化石燃料fractional distillation 分馏fractionation 分馏，分级，分数化free (available) chlorine 游离（有效）氯free labor 无偿劳动free radical 游离基，自由基fresh water 淡水fresh water aquiculture 淡水养殖friability 易碎性，脆性friction 摩擦full scale 实物尺寸的，大规模的，工业规模的，全刻度的fume 烟，烟气fuming nitric acid 发烟硝酸fungal component 共生菌fungi（pl.）菌类fungus （单数）菌，真菌furrow 沟槽Ggadget 小装置gage (gauge) 表，计，规尺galvanic cell 原电池galvanization 镀锌gamma ray detector γ射线探测器garbage 垃圾，废料，污物，厨余，食品加工废物gas collector 集气罩，气体收集器gaseous waste 废气gasification 气化gel 凝胶，冻胶gene 基因gene conversion 基因转换gene duplication 基因复制genesis 成因，起源genus 类，种类geologic survey 地质调查geological examination 地质调查，地质勘测geosphere 陆界，陆圈，岩石圈germ 细菌，病菌germicidal 杀菌的germicide 杀菌剂germination 发芽，生长，产生，晶核化，长晶核gland 压盖（俗称“格兰”），密封装置glucose 葡萄糖grab sample 临时样品，单一样品grade of grain 颗粒级配grade of slope 坡度gradient 坡度，梯度grain size 颗粒大小，粒度grain size grading 粒径分级gram-equivalent weight 克当量Gram-positive 格兰阳性，革兰氏阳性grand canyon 大峡谷granular 粒状的，颗粒的graph 标绘图，线图graphical symbol 图例，图解符号graphite 石墨grate 格栅gravel 卵石，砾石gravimetric analysis 重量分析gravimetry 重量分析法gravity filtration 重力过滤gravity flow 自流，重力流gravity separator 重力沉降分离器gravity thickening 重力增稠grease content 油脂含量grease trap 油分离阱，油脂捕集器green belt 绿化地带green-house effect 温室效应grinder 磨碎机grinding 磨碎grit （污水中的）粗砂，杂粒，硬渣grit chamber 沉砂池，杂粒池gross 总的,粗的ground vegetation 地面植被gypsum 石膏Hhabitat （动植物）生活境地，栖息地handling 处理，输送，装卸handling operation 装卸操作[作业] handling characteristic 处理特性harvest 收成，产量，收获（物，量）；收获，收割haul 搬运，运程，运输量；用力拖（或拉），搬运，运输hauling charges 运费hauling equipment 运输设备hazardous 有害的，危险的hazardous waste 危险废物heat insulation 隔热heat release 放热heavily polluted 严重污染的herbicide 除草剂hereditary variation 遗传变异heterogeneous 非均匀的，多相的heterotrophic bacteria 异养菌high (low) flush tank 高（低）冲洗水箱high lift pump 高压泵high-rate 高负荷(率)的，高速的high-rate composting 高速[高效]堆肥high-rate digestion 高速[高效]消化hi-volume sampler 大体积取样器holder 储罐，夹具，架座holding tank 储料罐，收集槽homeostasis 生物体中的平衡homogeneous 均相的，均匀的，单一的hood 通风橱horizontal flow 平流hose 软管，水龙带household refuse 家庭垃圾humic acid 腐殖酸humidification 增湿（作用）humidity 湿度hybrid reaction 混合反应hybrid 杂化的，混合的，桥接的hydrant 消防龙头，消火栓hydrate 水合物hydration 水合（作用）hydraulic circular clarifier 水力循环澄清池hydraulic element 水力要素hydraulic sloughing 水力脱膜hydraulic stirring device 水力搅拌设备hydraulic subsiding value 水力沉降值hydrocarbon 烃，碳氢化合物hydrochloric acid 盐酸hydrology 水文学hydrophilic 亲水的，吸水的hydrophobic 恐水的，疏水的hydrostatical pressure 静水压力，流体静压力hydroxide 氢氧化物hydroxide ion 氢氧离子，羟离子hydroxyl ion 氢氧根离子，羟基离子hygienic 卫生的，卫生学的hyperfiltrate 超滤hypochlorite 次氯酸盐hypochlorite of lime 次氯酸钙，漂白粉Iimmersion 浸没，浸水immiscibility 不混溶性immobilized enzyme 固相酶，固定化酶impact allowance 冲击容许量impeller 叶轮impervious strata 不透水层impingement 碰撞，冲击，打击impingement plate tower 冲击式板式塔impinger 碰撞取样器，空气采集器impoundage 集水区impounding reservoir 蓄水池impulse 冲击，冲动，冲量，脉冲in block form 巨块状，成大块in bulk 散装，桶装in lumps 块团状incineration 焚化incinerator 焚化炉inclined tube settler 斜管沉淀器incremental loading (stepped feeding) 分段投加污水incrustation 结壳，外壳，表面装饰incubate (细菌)培养incubator 恒温箱，培养箱index 指数，索引，指标indicator organisms 指示性生物体，指示生物induced draft mechanical cooling tower 抽风式机械通风冷却塔industrial nuisance 工业公害inert filler 惰性填料inertia 惯性，惯量infection 传染infest 侵扰infiltration 渗透，渗入inflammability 可燃性，易燃性inflammable 可燃的，易燃的inflow 入流，流入物，流入（量），进水，进气influent 进水，入流infrared absorption spectrum 红外吸收光谱infrared gas analyzer 红外线气体分析仪ingest 摄入，摄取ingredient 成分，组成部分，配料，要素ingress 进口，进入ingress of groundwater 地下水侵入inherent moisture 固有水分inheritance 遗传inhibitor 抑制剂initial concentration 起始浓度initial interface velocity (rate of hindered settling) 悬浮物初始沉降速度initiation 引发，启动，开始injection 注射，喷射injector 注射器，喷射器inland water 内陆水体inlet 进水口，进口，雨水口inlet chamber 进口室，入流井inoculant 变质剂，孕育剂inoculate 给……接种，移植，嫁接inodourous 无臭气的，无气味的insecticide 杀虫剂installation 装置，设备instantaneous flow rate 瞬时流量instruction manual 使用手册instrument 仪器intact 完整的intake 取水口intake of water works 水厂取水口integrated control 综合防治integrated oxidation ditch 一体化氧化沟integrated plant protection 综合植物保护intercepting chamber 截流井interception 截流interceptor 截流管，截水沟interdisciplinary 各学科之间的，跨学科的interfacial active agent 界面活性剂interfacial tension 界面张力intermediate water supply 中水道interpolation 内插法interstice 空隙，孔interstitial 间隙的，空隙的，隙间的intestine 内部的，国内的；（pl.）肠intraparticle 粒子内的intrinsic energy 内能，本征能inundation 淹没，泛滥，水灾，洪水inventory 清单，目录，报表inversion layer 逆温层invert 管内底inverted-siphon 倒虹管iodide 碘化物iodine 碘iodometric titration method 碘量滴定法ion exchange resin 离子交换树脂ion migration 离子迁移，离子移动ion product 离子积ion-exchange membrane 离子交换膜ionization 电离（作用），离子化（作用）irrigation farming 灌溉农业isoelectric point 等电点isomer （同分）异构体isomerism 同分异构现象isotherm 等温线isotope 同位素Jjar 罐，瓶，（刺耳的）噪声jar test 搅拌试验，混凝试验，瓶式检验jelly 胶冻jet 喷射，射流jet aeration 射流曝气jet ejector 射流泵jetting machine 高压水清洗机junk 废料，废物；丢弃，丢掉jury pump 备用泵juxtaposition 并列，并置Kkeep clear of 避开，不接触Kjeldahl nitrogen 总有机氮kraft mill wastewater 制浆废水Llabeled compound 标记化合物lag growth 滞后生长lagoon 氧化塘，污水塘laminar flow 层流land disposal 地面排放，地面处置land irrigation （污水）地面灌溉land subsidence 地面沉降land treatment 地面（灌溉）处理landfill 土地掩埋，填埋landscape and recreation waterbody 景观和娱乐水体LAS 线性烷基苯磺酸盐（软性洗涤剂）latent heat 潜热lateral sewer 旁支沟管laundry waste 洗衣房废水lavatory 盥洗室lawsuit 诉讼leach 浸出，浸析；滤灰槽，沥滤器leachate （垃圾堆）渗滤液，沥滤液，浸出液leaching 浸取，浸提，渗洗leaching cesspool 渗污井，污水坑leather waste 皮革废水lethal dose 致死剂量level-sensing device 水位显示装置life 寿命，生命，生活life expectancy 预期寿命，预计期限lift head 扬程light catalyzed chlorine oxidation 光催化氯氧化liquefaction 液化liquefied gas 液化气liquefy 液化liquor 液litter 乱丢的废物，垃圾local exhaust ventilation 局部排气通风logger 记录器log-growth phase 对数生长期longevity 长寿，耐久性，存活力longitudinal 纵向的，经度的loop seal 环形管水封，回路水封loss on ignition 烧灼减重low flow year 枯水年low lift pump 低压泵Mmagnetic stirring 磁力搅拌magnitude of traffic flow 交通流量main drain 总排水管maintenance 维护make-up water 补给水malnutrition 营养不良malodorous 恶臭的manhole 检查井，窨井，人孔manipulation （手工）操作manometer （流体）压力计，（流体）压差计manure 肥料，粪肥marine deposits 海底沉积物marsh 沼泽，湿地marsh gas 沼气mass 大块，质量mass action law 质量作用定律mass balance 物料衡算mass growth 群体生长mass spectrograph 质谱仪mass transfer 质量转移，传质material balance 物料平衡，物料衡算matrix 模型，杂矿石，矩阵，基体maturation 成熟mean 中间，平均值，中项；中间的，平均的，下等的mean particle diameter 平均粒径measured day work 计时日工（计量的一日工作量）measurement 测定，量度measuring flask 容量瓶meat processing waste water 肉类加工废水meat-packing waste 肉类包装废水mechanism 机构，机构学，机理，机制membrane separation 膜分离mesh 网眼mesophilic 中温的，嗜温的metabolic respiration 新陈代谢的呼吸metabolism 新陈代谢metal processing and finishing 金属加工及修饰metatrophic 间营养的，介营养的（介于营养与非营养之间）methane 甲烷，沼气method of images 源象法micellae (micelle) 胶束microfiltration 微（孔过）滤microscope 显微镜micro-strainer 微滤机milling 研磨mineral acid 无机酸mineral matter 矿物质mineralization 矿化作用，（有机物的）无机化（作用）mining waste 采矿废水miscellaneous （混）杂的，杂项的，各种各样的，多方面的；其他mist 轻雾mixing impeller 搅拌叶轮model 模式，模型model test 模型试验，小规模试验modification 改变，改进modified 改变的，改良的，修改的modified starch 改性淀粉molecular sieve 分子筛moor 荒野，沼morbidity发病率，每十万人的病例数morphology 形态学mortality 致命性moss 沼泽MPN (most probable number) 最概然数，最可能的数（目）mud 污泥，泥浆muffler 消声器，减声器multimedia 多种介质的，多种手段的，多种方式的multipurpose use of waste 废物综合利用municipal 城市的，市政的municipal refuse 城市垃圾municipal sewage 城市污水mutagenesis 致突变作用mutagenic 诱变的，致突变的mutation 突变Nnascent oxygen 初生氧，新生氧natural circulation 自然环流natural conservation 自然保护neck 颈，颈部niche 小生境，适当的位置，适当的场所nightsoil 人粪尿，粪便nitrate nitrogen 硝酸盐氮nitric acid 硝酸nitrification (氮的) 硝化（作用）nitrifying bacteria 硝化菌nitrite nitrogen 亚硝酸盐氮Nitrobacter 硝化杆菌nitrogeneous compound 含氮化合物Nitrosomonas 亚硝化毛杆菌（使氨氧化为亚硝酸盐）noise elimination 噪声消除noise level 噪声级noise silencer 噪声抑制器nomogram 列线图，诺模图non-ferrous metals 非铁金属, 有色金属normal solution 当量溶液noxious 有害的nuisance 讨厌物，公害nuisanceless technology 无公害工艺nutrient 营养物，养料Oobjectionable 讨厌的，不适合的，不能采用的，不好的，有害的objectionable impurity 有害杂质obligate aerobes 专性需氧菌，专性好氧菌obnoxious 讨厌的occupational disease 职业病ocean disposal 向海洋排放ocean dumping 向海洋投弃，向海洋倾倒odor (odour) 臭味，气味（指香味和臭味）odor and taste 臭味和水味odorant (odorous substance) 恶臭物质of interest 值得注意的，有关的，重要的offensive industry 有毒工业，有害工业offscum 脱浮渣oil separate tank 隔油池oil separator 分油器，油水分离器，隔油池oil-and-water trap 油水收集器，油水阱olfaction 嗅觉。

单词-英译汉Sulfur dioxide 二氧化硫 nitrogen oxide 氧化氮 carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Environmental disturbance 环境破坏 expose the considerable gaps 揭示大的差别life expectancy 平均寿命 poverty-stricken 非常贫困 smog-laden air 烟雾弥漫的天空global conditions 全球状况 haves and havenots 穷人和富人 underprivileged社会地位低下的 savanna 热带大草原Predator 捕食者 precision and accuracy精确度和准确度 bulk collection大量收集matrix material 基质材料 analytical sequence 分析顺序 multivariate statistics 多变量统计 interactive effect互相影响 insofar 在某种范围内 overall analytical scheme 全面分析方案 qualitative定性的Quantitative 定量的 impact analysis 作用分析 time-consuming 耗时的 bioassay 生物鉴定 compliance 符合 a primary air pollution 一次空气污染A secondary air pollution 二次空气污染 stagnation 停滞 nitrous oxide 一氧化二氮nitric oxide 一氧化氮 nitrogen dioxide 二氧化氮 soot 烟尘 dust 尘埃 smog 烟雾ozone 臭氧herbicide 除草剂volatile organic compounds(VOCs)可挥发的有机物environmental tobacco smoke(ETS) 环境中的烟气fungicides 杀真菌剂microbial disinfectants 微生物消毒剂TOC（total organic carbon）总有机碳COD（chemical oxygen demand）化学需氧量BOD （biological oxygen demand）生化需氧量 municipality 市政的Per capital per day 每人每天 primary treatment 初级处理 secondary treatment 二级处理 trickling filter 滴滤池 activated sludge 活性污泥法Advanced treatment 高级处理 coagulation and sedimentation 絮凝和沉淀Reverse osmosis 反向渗透 oxidizing agents 氧化剂land disposal土地处理Fecal coliform 大肠菌群 stringent effluent requirement 严格流出物要求Assimilation capacity同化能力 practical outlets 实际出口 aquatic life水生物detrimental to human health对人类健康有害的endogenous phase 内源呼吸阶段anaerobic processes 厌氧过程colloids 胶体clarifier澄清池Equalization basin平衡洗涤槽 heterotrophic 异养的acclimation 适应环境Biomass生物质 autotrophic 自养的biological degradation生物降解 aeration basin 曝气池 sludge flocs ？ settling tank 沉淀池 dissolved oxygen 溶解氧 biofilm 生物膜 suspended-growth 悬浮物的生ion exchange离子交换 oxidation/reduction氧化、还原 pilot-scale小规模试验Putrescible易腐烂的 offensive令人不快的 flammable易燃的with great care and caution 以极细心和谨慎的态度 landfilling土地掩埋Incineration ?composting 堆肥well-compacted 压实填埋 pulverized refuse压实粉碎垃圾anaerobic digestion厌氧消municipal waste市政废物Global change全球变化deforsestation 砍伐树木deseritification 沙漠化Overharvesting过度砍伐overfishing过度捕鱼semi-arid-shrublands 半干旱灌木地heat-trapping捕热的汉译英农药 pesticide化肥 chemical fertilizer 有机废物organic waste 微生物microbe 衰减attenuation 阻滞的 blocking稀释dilution 添加剂additive 合成塑料synthetic plastics 再生regeneration 灵敏度sensitive 采样 sampling 真实时间real-time 样品预处理sample pretreatment 稳定性stability 曲线拟和curve fitting 吸附adsorption积累accumulate 分析评价 analytical evaluation物理分离physical separation 因次图dimensional figure 标准方差the standard deviation 正常浓度normal concentration 严重污染heavily populated 决定因素determining factors 光化学氧化物photochemical oxide 液体微滴liquid droplets 放射性物质radioactive substance不完全氧化incomplete combustion含硫的sulfur-containing 风化wind erosion 汽车尾气automobile exhaust 阴离子交换树脂cation exchange resins 钠基树脂？净化？。

二氧化碳Carbon dioxide温室气体Greenhouse gases氧气Oxygen臭氧层 Ozone layer大气过程Atmospheric processes空气一水相互作用Air-water interaction大气环流Atmospheric circulation 大气降水Atmospheric precipitation 碳循环Carbon cycle蒸发作用Evaporation降水增加Precipitation enhancement 降雨Rainfall太阳辐射Solar radiation蒸腾作用Transpiration风Winds空气污染Air pollution 酸雨Acid rain空气污染物Air pollutants氯氟碳Chlorofluorocarbons沉降的颗粒物Deposited particulatematter飞灰Fly ash雾Fog薄烟Haze空内空气污染Indoor air pollution 烟雾Smog气候问题Climatic issues气候Climate气候变化Climatic change气候带Climatic zones干旱Drought全球变暖Global warming温室效应Greenhouse effect湿度Humidity海平面上升Sea level rise岩石圈 lithosphere火山Volcanoes风蚀Wind erosion陆地生态系统terrestrialECOSYSTEMS土壤Soils农用土地Agricultural land碱地Alkali lands污染的土地Contaminated land沙坑Gravel pits荒地Heath lands土地承载能力Land carrying capacity土地污染Land pollution土地开垦Land reclamation半干旱地区生态系统Semi-arid land ecosystems森林生态系统Forest ecosystems 植树造林Afforestation 针叶林Coniferous forests 森林砍伐Deforestation 森林保护Forest conservation 森林火灾Forest fires草地火灾Grass fires绿化带Greenbelts再造林Reafforestation 植被恢复Revegetation 亚热带生态系统Sub-tropica l ecosystems温带森林Temperate forests温带林地Temperate woodlands 树木Trees热带生态系统Tropical ecosystems 热带森林Tropical forests 热带森林生态系统Tropical forest ecosystems 林地生态系统Woodland ecosystems 温带生态系统和寒带生态系统Temperate ecosystems and cold zone ecosystems南极生态系统Antarctic ecosystems 南极地区Antarctic region 北极生态系统Arctic ecosystems 北极地区Arctic region ['ar kuk 寒带生态系统Cold zone ecosystems 草地生态系统Grassland ecosystems 永久冻土生态系统Permafrost土地恢复Land restoration 旱作Dry farming土地使用分类Land use classification 沙丘固定Sand dune fixation 沙石开采Sand extraction 沉积Sedimentation 土壤潜力Soil capabilities 土壤保持Soil conservation 土壤污染Soil contamination 土壤退化Soil degradation 土壤侵蚀Soil erosion 土壤改良Soilimprovement 土壤盐碱化Soilsalination 水蚀Water erosion干旱地区生态系统Arid landecosystems干旱土地Arid lands 沙漠化Desertification 抗旱Droughtcontrolecosystems极地生态系统Polar ecosystems 温带生态系统Temperate ecosystems 山地生态系统Mountain ecosystems 高原生态系统Highland ecosystems 湿地生态系统Wetlands ecosystems 红树沼泽Mangrove swamps 水禽Water fowl水涝地Waterlogged lands 流域管理Watershed management 水边开发Waterside development 生物多样性和保护区Biological diversity and protected areas 适应性强的物种Adaptable species 藻类Algae ,况M列生物多样性Biological diversity 生物栖地Biotopes基因资源保护Conservation of genetic resources濒危动物物种Endangered animal species濒危植物物种Endangered plantspecies动物区系F auna植物区系Flora细菌Bacteria酶Enzymes 'enzaimz真菌Fungi原生生物Protozoa病毒Viruses酵母Yeasts诱变剂Mutagens水的盐化Water salination饮用水处理Drinking watertreatment城市配水系统Municipal waterdistribution systems污水处理厂Sewage treatment plants水泵Water pumps可交易的许可证Tradeable permits 隔热Thermal insulation基础设施Infrastructure工业生产过程Industrial processes制铝工业Aluminium industry 适用技术Appropriate technology 高炉Blastfurnaces化学工业Chemical industry 清洁技术Clean technologies 金属加工Metalfinishing 金属电镀Metal plating 金属冶炼Metal smelting矿产业Mineral industry 采矿Mining天然气开采Natural gas extraction 原油开采Oil extraction 石油提炼Petroleum refining 印刷工业Printing industry 纸浆工业Pulp industry 采石Quarrying 橡胶加工Rubber processing 炼钢工业Steel industry 露天采矿Strip mining 焦油生产Tar production 焦油使用Tar沥青use 工业产品Industrial products 危险品Dangerous goods工业材料Industrial materials 包装Packaging涂料Paints可再用容器Reusable containers合成洗涤剂Synthetic detergents 合成纺织纤维Synthet ic textile['tekstailfbres漆Varnishes飞机噪音Aircraft noise沼气Biogas生物量Biomass生物质能Biomass energy煤Coal原油Crude oil矿物燃料Fossil fuels燃料酒精Fuel alcohol地热能Geothermal energy 碳氢化合物Hydrocarbon compounds水电Hydroelectric power液化气Liquefied gas甲烷Methane天然气Natural gas可再生能源Renewable energy sources不可再生能源Non-renewable energyresources无污染能源Non-polluting energysources核能Nuclear energy油类Oils泥炭、泥煤Peat汽油Petrols从废料中提取的燃料Refuse derivedfuels太阳能Solar energy 海洋热能Thermalsea power潮汐能Tidal energy轴Uranium波浪能Wave energy风能Wind energy 电力Electric power 发电厂Electric power plants 无机物质Inorganic substances 酸Acids氧化铝Alumina氯Chlorine盐酸Hydrochloric acid 硫化氢Hydrogen sulphide 硫酸盐Sulphates 硫酸Sulphuric acid光化学试剂Photochemical agents 光化学效应Photochemical effects 有机物质Organic substances有机硅化合物Organosilicon compounds 酚Phenols植物油Vegetable oils生物化学过程Biochemicalprocesses酸化Acidification需氧过程Aerobic processes厌氧过程Anaerobic processes 生物降解Biodegradation脱氮作用Denitrification 富营氧化Eutrophication 电离辐射Ionizing radiation代谢（作用），新陈代谢（作用）Metabolism固氮Nitrogen fixation 光合作用Photosynthesis物理一化学过程Physico-chemicalprocesses毒性Toxicity气溶胶，气雾剂Aerosols 农业废物Agricultural wastes 石棉Asbestos商业噪音Commercial noise 混合污染Composite pollution 二恶英Dioxins带哦个森死危险物质Hazardous substances 危险废物Hazardous wastes 重金属Heavymetals 医院废物Hospital wastes工业废水Industrial effluents 工业排放物Industrial emissions 工业烟尘Industrial fumes 工业噪声Industrial noise无机污染物Inorganic pollutants 铅污染Lead contamination丢弃物，废气物Litter汞污染Mercury contamination 微污染物Micropollutants采矿废物Mining wastes机动车辆排放物Motor vehicle emissions城市废物Municipal waste 氮氧化物Nitrogen oxides 噪声污染Noise pollution 恶臭公害Odour nuisance 有机物污染Organic pollutants 难降解有机污染物Persistent organic pollutants有机溶剂Organic solvents 有机卤化物Organohalogencompounds 医药废物Pharmaceutical wastes塑料废物Plastic wastes多氯联苯Polychlorinated biphenyls聚合物废物Polymer wastes放射性物质Radioactive substances氡Radon橡胶废物Rubber waste热污染Thermal pollution有毒物质Toxic substances 对流层臭氧Tropospheric ozone 水泥工业Cement industry 海洋倾倒Oceandumping石油泄漏Oil spills废金属Scrap metals燃料脱硫Desulphurization of fuels过滤器Filters污染治理设备Pollution abatementequipment污染控制技术Pollution controltechnology洗涤器Scrubbers分离器Separators 电池处理Batterydisposal 废物的化学处理Chemicaltreatment of waste回收Recycling材料再利用Reuse of materials卫生填埋Sanitary landfills 污水处置Sewage disposal 污水处理系统Sewagetreatment systems 固体废物处置Solidwaste disposal 废物同化处置Wasteassimilationcapacities废物转化技术Waste conversiontechniques废物土地处置Waste disposal in the ground废物回收Waste recovery 废物利用Waste use水的再利用Water reuse镉污染Cadmium contamination 污染物分析Pollutant analysis 污染物分布Pollutant distribution 污染物浓度Pollutant levels 污染物监测Pollutant monitoring 污染物路径Pollutant pathways 污染物来源鉴别Pollutant source identification本底监测Baseline monitoring环境标准Environmental criteria环境评价Environmentalassessment环境统计Environmental statistics 色谱分析Chromatographicanalysis气象色谱法Gas chromatography 放射性示踪技术Radioactive tracertechniques采样技术Sampling techniques模拟Simulation污染者付费原则Polluter-paysprinciple危险废物的出口Export of hazardouswastes贸易避垒Trade barriers越境污染Trans-frontier pollution遥感Remote sensing多谱线扫描器Multispectral scanner地理信息系统Geographicinformation systems纬度Latitude经度Longitude。

Unit one Environmental Engineering环境工程What is this book about？这本书是关于什么的？The objective of this book is to introduce engineering and science students to the interdisciplinary study of environment problems；their cause，why they are of concern，and how we can control them. The book includes:这本书的目的是使理工科的学生了解跨学科间的研究环境问题;它们的起因，为什么它们受到关注，以及我们怎样控制它们。

这本书包括：●Description of what is meant by environment and environmental systems描述环境和环境系统意味着什么●Information on the basic causes of environmental disturbances关于引起环境干扰基础原因的基本信息●Basic scientific knowledge necessary to understand the nature of environmental problems and to be able toquantify them理解环境问题本质，并能够定量计算它们所必要的基本科学知识●Current state of the technology of environmental control in its application to water，air and pollution problems目前适用于水，空气和环境污染问题的环境控制技术的现状●Considerable gaps in our current scientific knowledge of understanding and controlling many of the complexinteractions between human activities and nature我们目前的科学知识在理解和控制人类活动和自然之间复杂的相互作用的科学知识上存在相当大的缺陷●Many environmental problems which could be eliminated or reduced by the application of current technology，butwhich are not dealt with because of society’s lack of will to do so，or in many instance because of a lack of resources to do so.许多环境问题可以应用现有技术消除或减少，但没有得到处理是因为社会缺乏这样做的意愿，或者像许多例子那样因为缺乏资源。

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环境工程专业英语词汇(整理版)环境污染 (Environmental Pollution)大气污染 (Air Pollution)- 空气质量指数 (Air Quality Index, AQI)- 酸雨 (Acid Rain)- 二氧化硫 (Sulfur Dioxide, SO2)- 氮氧化物 (Nitrogen Oxides, NOx)- 悬浮颗粒物 (Particulate Matter, PM)- 光化学烟雾 (Photochemical Smog)- 臭氧层破坏 (Ozone Depletion)- 温室效应 (Greenhouse Effect)水污染 (Water Pollution)- 水质标准 (Water Quality Standards)- 水体富营养化 (Eutrophication)- 水生生物 (Aquatic Organisms)- 重金属污染 (Heavy Metal Pollution)- 悬浮物 (Suspended Solids)- 生活污水 (Domestic Wastewater)- 工业废水 (Industrial Wastewater)- 河流富营养化 (River Eutrophication)- 水下沉积物 (Sediment)- 藻类水华 (Algal Blooms)土壤污染 (Soil Pollution)- 土壤污染物 (Soil Pollutants)- 农药残留 (Pesticide Residues)- 有机污染物 (Organic Pollutants)- 重金属污染 (Heavy Metal Pollution)- 土壤酸化 (Soil Acidification)- 土壤侵蚀 (Soil Erosion)环境保护法律 (Environmental Protection Laws)大气污染防治法 (Air Pollution Prevention and Control Law) - 大气污染物排放控制 (Air Pollutant Emission Control)- 大气污染责任追究 (Air Pollution Liability)水污染防治法 (Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law) - 水污染排放标准 (Water Pollutant Discharge Standards)- 水污染控制区划 (Water Pollution Control Zones)- 水污染防治设施 (Water Pollution Control Facilities)土壤污染防治法 (Soil Pollution Prevention and Control Law) - 土壤环境质量标准 (Soil Environmental Quality Standards)- 土壤污染调查与评价 (Soil Pollution Investigation and Assessment)> 注意：以上仅为部分词汇和法律名称示例，更多内容可根据需要进行扩展和更新。

环境科学与工程专业词汇包括环境学总论、环境地学、环境生物学、环境化学、环境物理学、环境工程学、环境医学、环境经济学、环境管理学、环境法学、环境教育等11大类。

环境学总论原生环境primary environment次生环境secondary environment生态示范区ecological demonstrate area环境地质学environmental geology环境地球化学environmental geo-chemistry 环境土壤学environmental soil science环境微生物学environmental microbiology环境危机environmental crisis环境保护environmental protection环境预测environmental forecasting环境自净environmental self—purification环境效应environmental effect环境容量environmental capacity环境演化evolution of environment环境舒适度environmental comfort环境背景值（本底值)environmental background value环境保护产业（环保产业）environmental production industry环境壁垒（绿色壁垒）environmental barrier 绿色革命green revolution可持续发展sustainable development第三类环境问题（社会环境问题）the third environmental problem悬浮物suspended solids一次污染物primary pollutant二次污染物secondary pollutant全球性污染global pollution排污收费pollution charge 可再生资源renewable resources不可再生资源non—renewable resources自然保护区natural reserve area防护林protection forest公害public nuisance矿山公害mining nuisance工业废水industrial wastewater矿山废水mining drainage生活饮用水domestic potable water草原退化grassland degeneration沙漠化desertification人口压力population pressure人口净增率rate of population全球环境监测系统global environment monitoring system GEMS中国环境保护工作方针Chinese policy for environment protection“三同时”原则principle of “the three at the same time”二噁英公害dioxin nuisance马斯河谷烟雾事件disaster in Meuse Valley 多诺拉烟雾事件disaster in Donora伦敦烟雾事件disaster in London水俣病事件minamata disease incident骨痛病事件itai—itai disaster incident洛杉矶光化学烟雾事件Los Angeles photochemical smog episode四日市哮喘事件Yokkaichi asthma episode米糠油事件Yusho disease incident环境地学水圈hydrosphere水循环water circulation地表水surface water水位water level下渗（入渗)sinking蒸发evaporation最高水位highest water level 最低水位lowest water level 平均水位average water level 警戒水位warning water level 流速flow velocity流量discharge洪水期flood season枯水期low-water season冲刷washout 含水层aquifer 隔水层(不透水层）aquiclude 透水层permeable stratum层间水interlayer water承压水（有压层间水)confined water 或自流水artesian water孔隙水void water岩溶水（喀斯特水）karst water径流runoff flow地表径流land runoff地下水groundwater流域保护water basin protection淡水fresh water咸水saltwater降水precipitation沉淀降水量amount of precipitation降水强度intensity of precipitation水环境容量carrying capacity of water environment水土流失（土壤侵蚀）soil and water loss点源污染point source pollution面源污染non-point source pollution扩散diffusion涡流eddy current涡流扩散eddy diffusion富营养化废水eutrophic waste-water污水sewage漫灌flood irritation水底沉积物(底质或底泥）benthal deposit总固体total solids悬浮固体suspended solids总溶解固体total dissolved solids河流复氧常数constant of river reoxygenation 湖泊酸化lake acidification富营养化eutrophication富营养湖eutrophic lake中营养湖mesotrophic lake贫营养湖oligotrophic lake水库reservoir海洋处置sea disposal海底采样sea floor sample赤潮(红潮）red tide海水淡化desalination of seawater海底沉积物sea bottom sediment海洋倾倒ocean dumping水质water quality水资源综合利用water resource integrated utilization水土保持soil and water conservation 河道整治channel improvement水污染毒性生物评价biological assessment of water pollution toxicity水利工程hydro—engineering水体自净self-purification of water body水环境保护功能区（水质功能区)functional district of water environment土地处理系统land treatment system土地沙漠化land desertification土壤肥力soil fertility土壤酸碱度soil acidity and alkalinity土壤污染防治prevention and treatment of soil pollution土壤盐渍化（土壤盐碱化）soil salination土壤酸化soil acidification母质(土壤母质或成土母质)parent material土壤剖面soil profile腐殖质化humification淋溶作用leaching土壤改良soil improvement土壤粒级soil separate土壤质地soil texture缓冲作用buffering/buffer action缓冲剂buffering agent/buffer缓冲容量buffer capacity盐基饱和度base saturation percentage灌溉irrigation富里酸fuvic acid胡敏素humin土壤团聚体soil aggregate土壤退化（土壤贫瘠化)soil degeneration土壤地带性soil zonality污水灌溉wastewater irrigation臭氧层ozone layer降水precipitation降水量rainfall降水强度precipitation intensity大气环境容量atmospheric environmental capacity事后评价afterwards assessment烟尘消除elimination of smoke and dust温室效应greenhouse effect大气扩散atmospheric diffusion烟羽（烟流或羽流）plume逆温inversion环境生物学生境habitat耐受极限limits of tolerance最小因子定律law of minimum生物检测bioassay环境胁迫environmental stress生物多样性bio-diversity生态位niche生命周期life cycle生态型ecotype自养生物autotrophy异养生物heterotroph指数增长exponential growth互利共生mutualism偏利共生commensalisms寄生parasitism衍生物derivative杀虫剂insecticide杀菌剂fungicide除草剂herbicide杀鼠剂rodenticide防腐剂preservative无残留农药non-persistent pesticide植物性农药phytopesticide污水灌溉sewage irrigation世界自然历史遗产保护地world natural and historical heritage site储量stock过度捕获over—hunting；over—fishing猎（渔)期open season农业残渣agricultural dregs赤潮red tide藻花algae bloom/水花water bloom原生污染物primary pollutant次生污染物secondary pollutant急性毒性实验acute toxicity test 慢性毒性实验chronic toxicity test预备实验screening test；range—finding test；preliminary test稀释dilution归宿fate生物积累bioaccumulation生物浓缩bioconcentration生物放大biomagnification生物降解biological degradation；biodegradation生物营养物质biotic nutrient多污生物带polysaprobic zone中污生物带mesosaprobic zone寡污生物带oligosaprobic zone敏感种sensitive species; intolerant organism 耐污种tolerant species生物滤池biological filter净化塘/氧化塘/生物塘purification pond生物膜biomembrane；biological film轮作crop rotation间作intercropping套种interplanting基塘模式farm land and fish pond model防护林带shelter belt沼气marsh gas农家肥farm manure堆肥piled manure城市热岛效应urban heat island effect城市生态规划urban ecological planning环境激素endocrine disrupting chemicals; endocrine disruptors边缘效应edge effect生态恢复ecological restoration恢复生态学restoration ecological环境化学甲基汞methyl mercury镉米cadmium rice农药残留pesticide residue有机氯农药organochlorine pesticide有机磷农药organophosphorous pesticide 氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂carbamate insecticide 拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂pyrethroid insecticide 植物生长调节剂growth regulator化学致癌物chemical carcinogen表面活性剂surfactant多氯联苯类polychlorinated biphenyls；PCBs 多环芳烃类polyaromtic hydrocarbon; PAH 催化(催化作用）catalysis臭氧化ozonization光化学氧化剂photochemical oxidant过氧乙酰硝酸酯peroxyacetyl nitrate;PAN干沉降dry deposition湿沉降wet deposition光化学烟雾photochemical smog大气光化学atmospheric photochemistry降水化学precipitation chemistry气溶胶化学aerosol chemistry悬浮颗粒物suspended particulate总悬浮颗粒物total suspended particulates(TSP)飘尘（可吸入颗粒物或可吸入尘）airborne particle降尘（落尘）dustfall；falling dust气溶胶aerosol水质water quality盐度salinity氧化还原电位oxidation-reduction potential；redox potential溶解氧dissolved oxygen化学需氧量chemical oxygen demand生化需氧量biochemical oxygen demand总有机碳total organic carbon溶解度solubility聚集aggregation絮凝flocculation凝聚coagulation离子交换ion exchange萃取extraction缓冲溶液buffer solution氧平衡模式（氧垂曲线）oxygen balance model吸收剂（吸附剂）absorbent活性炭active carbon氧化剂oxidant还原剂reductant胶团micelle胶体溶液colloidal solution脱硫剂desulfurization agent电渗析electrodialysis萃取剂extracting agent过滤filter絮凝剂flocculant；flocculating agent无机絮凝剂inorganic flocculant有机高分子絮凝剂organic polymer flocculant 中和法neutralization 反渗透膜reverse osmosis membrane硅胶silica gel蒸汽蒸馏steam distillation超滤膜ultrafilter membrane灵敏度sensitivity准确度accuracy精密度precision可靠性reliability检测限detection limit相对误差relative error绝对误差absolute error偶然误差accidental error平均偏差mean deviation采样误差sampling error标准溶液standard solution标准物质standard substance允许误差allowable error允许浓度allowable concentration微量分析microanalysis痕量分析trace analysis现场分析in-situ analysis仪器分析instrumental analysis水质分析water quality analysis比色分析colorimetric analysis沉降分析sedimentation analysis自动分析automatic analysis原子吸收分光光度法atomic absorption spectrophotometry原子吸收分光光度计atomic absorption spectrophotometer原子荧光光谱法atomic fluorescence spectrometry原子荧光光谱仪atomic fluorescence spectrometer电化学分析法electrochemical method高效液相色谱法high performance liquid chromatography高效液相色谱仪high performance liquid chromatograph气相色谱分析gas chromatography气相色谱仪gas chromatograph采样器sampler大气采样器air sampler底泥采样器sediment samplerpH计pH meter湿度计hygrometer固定大气污染源stationary sources of air pollution移动大气污染源mobile sources of air pollution固定式水污染源stationary sources of water pollution移动式水污染源mobile sources of water pollution污染负荷pollution load污染源调查survey of pollution sources无污染工艺pollution-free technology无污染装置pollution-free installation污染物总量控制total amount control of pollution水质参数water quality parameter水温water temperature色度color index透明度transparency混浊度turbidity硬度hardness感官污染指标sensuous pollution index毒理学污染指标physical pollution index化学污染指标chemical pollution index细菌学污染指标bacteriological pollution index毒理学污染指标toxicological pollution index 城市污水municipal sewage生活污水domestic sewage工业废水industrial wastewater常规分析指标index of routine analysis环境监测environmental monitoring过程监测course monitoring污染物排放标准pollution discharge standard 总量排放标准total amount of pollution discharge standard优先监测priority monitoring环境优先污染物environmental priority pollutant总固体total solids可吸入微粒（可吸入尘和飘尘)inhale particles 浊度计turbidimeter实验室质量控制laboratory quality control空白实验值blank value平行样duplicate samples再现性(重现性）reproducibility重复性repeatability回收率recovery rate检出限detection limit冷原子吸收法cold—vaporatomic absorption method紫外吸收光谱法ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry重量分析gravimetric analysis内标法internal marker method定性分析qualitative analysis定量分析quantitive analysis试样前处理pre—treatment均值mean value标准差standarderror方差variation回归分析regression analysis相关分析correlation analysis相关系数correlation coefficient系统误差systematic error随机误差random error有效数字valid figure农药残留分析pesticide residue analysis排污收费effluent charge室内空气污染indoor air pollution水体自净self—purification of water body水土保持soil and water conservation水土流失soil erosion土壤修复soil-remediation生物修复bioremediation光降解photodegradation温室气体greenhouse gases总量收费total quantity charge超临界流体supercritical fluid土壤采样soil pollution环境物理学光辐射(光)visible radiation 红外线infrared ray紫外线ultraviolet ray灭菌灯bactericidal lamp 光污染light pollution噪声污染noise pollution 混响reverberation听力损失hearing loss绝对湿度absolute humidity相对湿度relative humidity饱和度saturation ratio冷凝condensation露点温度dew point temperature热辐射thermal radiation比热specific heat空气调节air conditioning通风ventilation环境工程学环境污染综合防治integrated prevention and control of pollution环境功能区划environmental function zoning 稀释比dilution ratio迁移transfer紊流扩散turbulent diffusion氧亏（亏氧量)oxygen deficit复氧reaeration溶解氧下垂曲线dissolved-oxygen sag curve 饱和溶解氧saturated dissolved无污染燃料pollution—free fuel燃烧combustion空气－燃料比air—to-fuel ratio烟气分析analysis of flue gas煤的综合利用comprehensive utilization of coal 脱硫desulfurization除尘效率particle collection efficiency分割粒径cut diameter for particles压力损失（压力降）pressure drop机械除尘器mechanical collector重力沉降室gravity settling chamber惯性除尘器inertial dust separator旋风除尘器cyclone collector回流式旋风除尘器reverse—flow cyclone collector直流旋风除尘器straight—through cyclone collector多管旋风除尘器multiple cyclone collector过滤除尘器filter袋式除尘器bag house滤料filtration media气布比air-to-cloth ratio机械振动清灰袋式除尘器bag house with shake cleaning逆气流清灰袋式除尘器bag house with reverse-flow cleaning脉冲喷吹清灰袋式除尘器bag house with pulse-jet cleaning静电除尘electrostatic precipitator (ESP）电晕放电corona discharge驱进速度drift velocity集尘极collecting electrode板间距distance between collecting electrodes 电极清灰removal of collected particle from electrodes宽间距静电除尘器wide space electrostatic precipitator高压脉冲静电除尘器pulse charging electrostatic precipitator湿式静电除尘器wet electrostatic precipitator 双区静电除尘器（两段式电除尘器）two-stage electrostatic precipitator湿式除尘器wet collector of particulates重力喷雾洗涤器gravitational spray scrubber 旋风洗涤器centrifugal scrubber中心喷雾旋风洗涤器］cyclone spray scrubber 泡沫洗涤塔foam tower scrubber填料床洗涤器packed bed scrubber文丘里洗涤器venturi scrubber双膜理论two—film theory气膜控制gas film control液膜控制liquid film control穿透曲线break through curve催化剂catalyst催化剂中毒poisoning of catalyst 烟气脱硫flue gas desulfurization (FGD)湿法脱硫wet process of FGD石灰－石灰石法脱硫desulfurization by lime and limestone氨吸收法脱硫ammonia process of FGD干法脱硫dry process FGD吸收法控制氮氧化物control of NO x by absorption水吸收法脱氮control of NO x by absorption process with water酸吸收法脱氮control of NO x by absorption process with acid碱吸收法脱氮control of NO x by absorption process with alkali吸附法控制氮氧化物control of NO x by adsorption分子筛吸附法脱氮control of NO x by adsorption process with molecular sieve硅胶吸附法脱氮control of NO x by adsorption process with silica gel气体生物净化biotreatment of gaseous pollutant生物过滤器biofilter汽车尾气污染pollution of automobile exhaust gal生物脱臭biotreatment of odor集气罩capture hood烟囱有效排放高度effective height of emission清洁生产cleaner production矿山废水mining drainage电镀废水electroplating wastewater给水处理厂water treatment plant污水处理厂wastewater treatment给水（污水）处理构筑物water （sewage）treatment structure污水集水井swage joining well废水调节池wastewater flow equalization basin格栅grill筛网grid screen沉砂池grit settling tank曝气沉砂池aeration grit settling tank平流式沉砂池horizontal grit settling tank立式圆形沉砂池vertical circular grit settling tank圆形周边运动沉砂池circular perimeter flow grit settling tank重力排砂grit discharge by gravity水力提升排砂grit discharge with hydraulic elevator水力旋流器hydraulic cyclone沉淀池settling tank重力沉淀池gravity settling tank 浓缩式沉淀池thickening settling tank斜板（斜管）沉淀池sloping plank（pipe）settling tank辐流式沉淀池radial settling tank平流式沉淀池horizontal settling tank竖流式沉淀池vertical settling tank悬浮污泥澄清池suspended sludge clarifier 脉冲澄清池pulse clarifier水力循环澄清池hydraulic circulating clarifier竖流折板絮凝池vertical table flap flocculating tank机械搅拌絮凝池mechanical mixing flocculating tank 颗粒自由沉降particle free sediment 絮凝沉降flocculation sedimentation 拥挤沉降hinderedsedimentation气浮池floatation basin加压溶气气浮法pressure dissolved—airfloatation微电解法micro electroanalysis过滤池filter重力过滤法gravity filtration process 压力过滤法pressure filtration process 真空过滤法vacuum filtration process 快滤池rapid filtration慢滤池slow filtration接触滤池contact filter双向滤池bidirectional filter双层滤料滤池double layer filter无阀滤池non-valve filter虹吸滤池siphonfilter压力滤池pressure filterV型滤池aquazur V-filter砂滤sand filtration 微滤机microstrainer滤池冲洗强度backwashing intensity of filter 滤层filter material layer滤料承托层holding layer for filter material 斜板隔油沉淀池oil trap with slope plank冷却塔cooling tower湿式氧化法wet oxidation process反应池reaction basin叶轮搅拌器turbine mixer膜分离法membrane separation method半渗透膜semi—permeable membrane电渗析electrodialysis反渗透reverse osmosis离子交换膜ion exchange membrane萃取extraction汽提stripping吹脱法blow-off method臭氧氧化法ozonation臭氧发生器ozonator磁分离法magnetic isolation method光催化氧化optical catalysis oxidation软化水处理softening water treatment石灰－纯碱软化法lime—sodium carbonate softening method 废水好氧/厌氧处理biological aerobic/anaerobic treatment of wastewater微生物内源代谢microorganism intrinsic metabolism微生物合成代谢microorganism synthetic metabolism基质分解代谢substrate degradation metabolism活性污泥法activated sludge process回流污泥return sludge剩余污泥surplus sludge初次沉淀池primary sedimentation basin 曝气池aeration推流式曝气池plug-flow aeration basin完全混合曝气池completely mixed aeration basin二次沉淀池secondary sedimentation basin污泥沉降比sludge settling ratio污泥容积指数sludge velum index污泥负荷volume loading 普通活性污泥法conventional activated sludge process分段曝气法step aeration method延时曝气法extended aeration method加速曝气法accelerant aeration method深井曝气法deep well aeration method纯氧曝气法oxygen aeration method鼓风曝气装置blast aerator 扩散曝气设备diffusion aerator射流曝气设备efflux aerator机械曝气装置mechanical aerator表面曝气装置surface aerator曝气时间aeration time污泥龄sludge age活性污泥培养activated sludge culture活性污泥驯化domestication of activated sludge粉末炭活性炭法powdered carbon activated sludge process污泥膨胀sludge bulking生物滤池biological filter高负荷生物滤池high—loading biological filter水力负荷hydraulic loading有机负荷organic loading塔式生物滤池tower biological filer生物转盘biological rotating disc生物流化床biological fluidized bed活性生物滤池activated biofilter化粪池septic tank污水硝化脱氮处理nitrogen removal from wastewater by nitrification污水反硝化脱氮处理nitrogen removal from wastewater by denitrification污水硝化—反硝化脱氮处理nitrogen removal from wastewater by nitridenitrification 土地处理系统land treatment system氧化塘oxidation pond好氧塘aerobic pond兼性塘facultative pond厌氧塘anaerobic pond曝气氧化塘aerated oxidation pondICEAS intermittent cyclic extended aeration system间歇循环延时曝气活性污泥法DAT—IAT工艺demand aeration tankintermittent aeration tank system(需氧池－间歇池）A1/O工艺anoxic/ oxicA2/O工艺anaerobic oxicPhostrip工艺phostriop processBardenpho工艺Bardenpho process Phoredox工艺Phoredox processUCT工艺university of capetownVIP工艺Virginia initiative plant厌氧生物滤池(AF）anaerobic filter厌氧接触法anaerobic contactprocess厌氧生物转盘anaerobic biological rotating disc两相厌氧消化two-phase anaerobic digest序批式间歇反应器series batch reactor氧化沟oxidation ditch上流式厌氧污泥床upflow anaerobic sludge blanketMSBR modified sequencing batch reactor消毒disinfection灭菌sterilization加氯机chlorinator氯化消毒chlorization disinfection漂白粉消毒disinfection by bleaching powder 紫外线消毒disinfection with ultraviolet rays 加氯消毒disinfection by chlorine液氯liquified chlorine gas需氯量chlorine demand余氯chlorine residual游离性余氯free chlorine residual化合性余氯combined chlorine residual折点加氯chlorination breakpoint过氧化氢消毒disinfection by hydrogen peroxide除味taste removal除臭odor removal脱色decoloration生污泥undigested sludge熟污泥digested sludge污泥处置disposal of sludge污泥综合利用comprehensive utilization of sludge真空过滤法vacuum flotation process污泥浓缩sludge thickening污泥消化sludge digestion污泥脱水sludge dewatering污泥干化sludge drying污泥焚烧sludge incineration真空过滤机脱水dewatering by vacuum filter 板框压滤机脱水dewatering by plate frame press filter辊轧式脱水机脱水dewatering by roll press 带式压滤机脱水dewatering by belt press filter离心式脱水机脱水dewatering by centrifuge 中温消化处理middle temperature digestive treatment高温消化处理high temperature digestive treatment污泥堆肥发酵处理sludge composting and fermentation污泥浓缩池sludge thickener污泥消化池sludge digestion tank污泥产气率gas production rate of sludge污泥干化场sludge drying bed固体废物solid wastes城市生活垃圾municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾堆放处置法dumping of municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾卫生填埋法sanitary landfilling of municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾焚烧法incineration of municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾分类sorting of municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾收集collection of municipal solid wastes垃圾收费refuse taxing废电池used battery有毒有害工业固体废物toxic industrial wastes医疗废物health care wastes堆肥composting填埋场landfill渗滤液leachate treatment焚烧炉incineration furnaces助燃空气系统air injection system余热利用heat utilization焚烧灰渣ash水泥固化技术cement solidification石灰固化lime solidification沥青固化技术asphalt solidification固体废物预处理preliminary treatment of solid wastes破碎crushing of solid wastes筛分screening of solid wastes风力分选wind separation放射性固体废物radioactive solid waste声级计sound level meter消声室anechoic room; anechoic chamber；dead room混响室reverberation room隔声sound insulation吸声muffler环境医学环境卫生学environmental hygiene 环境毒理学environmental toxicology 口蹄疫foot-and—mouth disease流行病学epidemiology地方病endemic disease氟斑牙dental fluorosis职业病occupational disease慢性毒性chronic toxicity急性毒性acute toxicity致癌物carcinogen变异variation病原体pathogen抗体antibody抗原antigen突变mutation病毒virus蓄积器官storage organ致突变作用mutagenesis致畸作用teratogenesis致癌作用carcinogensis摄入量intake dose吸收量absorbed dose卫生标准health standard最高容许浓度maximum permissibleconcentration致死量lethal dose半致死浓度median lethalconcentration(LD50）剂量－反应关系dose-response relationship恶臭offensive odor协同作用synergism拮抗作用antagonism因果关系cause—effect relationship相关关系correlation阈限值threshold limit value（TLV）高危人群population at high risk易感人群susceptible population环境管理学环境管理学environmental management science环境伦理学environmental ethics环境质量管理management of environmental quality环境适宜度environmental suitability环境区划environmental zoning环境预测environmental forecasting环境质量评价environmental quality evaluation环境影响评价environmental impact assessment环境规划environmental planning环境决策分析environmental decision analysis 总量控制total discharge control of pollutant 浓度控制concentration control排污收费effluent charge排污申报登记declaration and registration of pollutant discharge排污许可证permit for pollutant discharge生物安全biosafety环境监察environmental supervision and management环境宣传教育environmental propaganda and education 环境意识environmental consciousness环境质量报告书report on environmental quality环境影响评价报告书report on environmental impact assessment公众意见听证会public hearing循环经济cyclic economy预防为主、防治结合、综合治理原则principle of giving priority to pollution prevention，combining prevention and control, and integrated control全面现划、合理布局原则principle of overall planning and rational layout谁污染谁治理polluter-treats综合利用、化害为利原则principle of comprehensive utilization and turning harm into good谁开发谁保护explorer-protects协调发展原则principle of coordinated development国家环境保护模范城市national environmental protection model city全国生态示范区national ecological demonstration area环境信息environmental information环境管理信息系统information system for environmental management环境专家系统environmental expert system环境监测environment monitoring 环境标志environmental label清洁生产cleaner production环境审计environmental audit产品生命周期life cycle of product环境法学环境法学science of environmental law环境保护法environmental protection law公害法public nuisance law环境行政法规administrative regulations of environment环境部门规章departmental rules of environment污染物排放标准pollutant discharge standard “三同时”制度three simultaneity system排污审报登记制度declaration and registration system of pollution discharge排污许可证制度permit system of pollutant discharge排污收费制度system of effluent限期治理制度system of eliminating and controlling environmental pollution within a prescribed time现场检查制度system of on-site inspection环境污染事故报告制度system of environmental pollution accident reporting 《中华人民共和国环境保护法》Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》law of the People’s Republic of China on prevention and control of water pollution《中华人民共和国大气污染防治法》law of the People's Republic of China on prevention and control of atmospheric pollution《中华人民共和国环境噪声污染防治法》law of the People’s Republic of China on prevention and control of pollution from environmental noise《中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境法》law of the People’s Republic of China on prevention and control of environmental pollution by solid waste《中华人民共和国海洋环境保护法》marine environment protection law of the People’s Republic of China《全国生态环境建设规划》national eco-environmental construction plan《全国生态环境保护纲要》national compendium on eco-environmental protection 地表水环境质量标准environmental quality standard for surface water地下水质量标准quality standard for ground water农业灌溉水质标准standard for irrigation water quality污水综合排放标准integrated wastewater discharge standard大气污染物综合排放标准integrated emission standard of air pollutants环境经济学循环经济模式circular economy type牧童经济the shepherd economy3R原则the rules of 3R(reducing, reusing, recycling)生态经济学eco-economics共有资源common resources外部经济性external economics外部不经济性external diseconomics外部成本external cost边际效用marginal utility边际收益marginal benefit粗放经营extensive management集约经营intensive management自然资本natural capital公平equity代际补偿compensation between generations绿色国民帐户green national account可持续发展sustainable development公共物品public goods环境保护贸易政策trade policy for environmental protection绿色壁垒green tariff barrier11国民生产总值gross national production(GNP) 国民生产净值net national production（NNP）国民收入national income环境污染弹性系数environmental pollution elasticity回收率reuse rate物质平衡material balance物料衡算material balance counting影子价格shadow price现行价格present price贴现discount机会成本opportunity cost运行费用operation cost城市气化率urban population ratio of used gas 城市绿化覆盖率urban green cover ratio环境效益environmental benefit成本效益分析cost and benefit analysis环境费用environmental cost排污权交易marketable pollution permits生态足迹the ecological footprint环境税environmental tax资源资产assets of resource资源产权property right of resource最低安全标准minimum standard of security 代际公平equality between generation 末端控制terminal control公地的悲剧tragedy of the public pasture中间产品intermediate product最终产品final product直接污染物产生/排放系数direct pollutant generation/discharge coefficient累积污染物产生/排放系数cumulate pollutant generation/discharge coefficient排污收费charge from discharge pollutant污染者负担原则polluter pay principle资源税resource tax人口出生率population birth rate人口死亡率population mortality rate人口自然增长率population nature growth rate人口计划生育率population planning fertility rate平均寿命average life人口年龄金字塔population age pyramid人口老化population aging人口过剩over-population人口爆炸population explosion计划生育family planning人口统计population statistics人口普查population census环境教育环境教育目标objectives of environmental education多学科环境教育课程模式multi-disciplinary model of environmental education 跨学科环境教育模式inter—disciplinary model of environmental education中学环境教育大纲environmental education standard for secondary school环境教育活动的设计design of environmental education activity野外环境教育基地environmental education field base公众参与public participation环境意识environmental awareness中国中小学绿色教育行动environmental educators initiative of china12。

环境科学常用词汇英文缩写英汉对照AAC(aconstical absorption coefficien t) 吸声系数AAS(atomic absorption spectrometr y) 原子吸收光谱法Abs(absolute temerature) 绝对温度abs(abstracts) 摘要，提要act.std(actual standard) 现行标准AD(automatic detection)自动检测AE(absolute error) 绝对误差aera(aeration) 曝气，充气AES(atomic emission spectrometry) 原子发射光谱法A.M(arithmetic mean)算术平均值Am.Std(American Standard) 美国标准APCS(air pollution control system) 空气污染防治系统AQCR（air quality control region）大气质量控制区AR(analytical reagent grade) 分析试剂纯；分析纯AR(annual report) 年度报告，年报at.(atmospheric) 大气的at.(atomic) 原子的atm (atmosphere) 大气压aut.meas(automatic measurement) 自动测量avg(average) 平均，平均数AW(acid waste) 酸性废物AWT(advanced waste treatment) 废水深度处理BaP(benzo[a]pyrene)苯并（a）芘BHC(benzene hexachloride) 六氯化苯；六BIP(biotic index of pollution) 污染生物指数BOD(biochemial oxygen demand) 生化需氧量BOD5(five day BOD) 五天生化需氧量BP(bleached pulp) 漂白纸浆Bur(bureau) 局，科；编辑部Cat (catalog(ue)) 录目；条目；CER(cation exchange resin) 阳离子交换树脂Chem(chemistry) 化学的CI(contamination index) 污染指数COD(chemical oxygen demand) 化学需氧量Co.Ltd(company limited) 有限公司Com(committee) 委员会Corp(corporation) 公司：社团法人CP(chemical pure) 化学纯DAS(Ocean Data Acquisition Syste m) 海洋数据收集系统DC(diffusion constant) 扩散常数D.C(dust collector) 除尘器DCS(data collection system) 数据收集系统D.I(diffustion index) 扩散指数DO(dissoved oxygen) 溶解度EC(effective concentration) 有效浓度ECD(electron capture detector) 电子捕获检测ecol(ecology) 生态学E Coli(Escherichia Coli) 大肠杆菌ECS(environmental control system) 环境控制系统E.D(effective dose) 有效剂量ED(electrodialysis) 电渗析EGT(exhaust gas temperature) 排气温度EIA(environmental impact assessmen t) 环境影响评价EQA（environmental quality assessme nt）环境质量评价EROS（earth resources observation satellite）地球资源观察卫星ERTS（earth resources technology）地球资源技术EIS（environmental Impact Statemen t）环境影响报告（书）FCA（fluid char absorption proces s）流化床炭吸附法FD（fatal dose）致死剂量FPD（flame photometric detector）火焰光度检测计GC（gas chromatography）气相色谱仪GCMS（gas chromatography-mass sp ectrometry）气相色谱（法）GLC（gas-liguid chromatography）气液色谱（法）GNP（gross national production）国民经济总产值HC（hyprocarbon）烃，碳氢化合物iER（ion-exchange resin）离子交焕树脂Iwt（industrial waste treatment）工业废物处理IR（infra-red）红外线（的）IX（ion exchange）离子交换JIM（job instruction manual）工作说明手册L-a（lagcon）氧化塘lab（laboratory）实验室、研究室LC（liquid chromatography）液相色谱法MAC（maximum acceptable concen-tr ation）最大容许浓度MPC（maximum permissible concen-t ration）最大容许浓度MF（membrane filter）膜滤器NAA（neutron activation analysis）中子活化分析NC（noise equivalent intensity）噪声标准值NEI（noise equivalent intensity）噪声等效强度NF（noise facfor）噪声因数NLR（noise load ratio）噪声负荷比NR（noise ratio）噪声比O-R（Oxidation-reduction）氧化-还原ORAQI（Oak Ridge Air Quality Inde x）橡树岭空气质量指数PCI（pollution control index）污染控制指数PDR（proliminary data report）原始数据报告PE（permissible error）容许误差PEIW（population equivalent of indus trial waste water）工业废水人口当量ppm（part（s）per million）百万分之一PPP（polluter pays principle）“污染者承担”原则Proj（project）科研项目，规划、计划、方案QTR（Qualiffication Test Report）检验合格报告RBC（rotating biological contactor）生物转盘RO（reverse osmosis）反渗透RP（reserch paper）研究报告，研究论文SS（standard specification）标准规格，标准规范TD（technical data）技术数据TDS（total dissoved solid）总溶解固体T.M.(technical regulations) 技术手册TR(technical regulations) 技术规程TSS(total suspended solids) 总悬浮固体量WPI(Water quality index) 水（质）污染指数WQI(Water pollution index) 水质指数WQM(Water quality monitoring) 水质监测WRDC(Water Resources Devel-opme nt Center) 水资源开发中心WWT(Waste water treatment) 废水处理YB(year book) 年鉴；年刊1、hydrology 水文学、水文地理学2、hydrologic=hydrological3、hydrologic cycle 水文循环4、freshwater 淡水的、河水的5、fresh water 淡水、湖水6、precipitate 沉降、下沉7、evaporate 使蒸发、消失8、dewpoint 结露点9、droplet 小滴10、Ideal Gas Law 理想气体定律11、orographic 山岳的、山形的12、terrane 岩层13、convective 传送的、对流的14、schematic 示意的15、diagram 图表、图解16、hydraulic 水力的、水力学的17、precipitation 降水、降雨量、沉淀18、transpiration 蒸发（物）、植物蒸腾作用19、depict 描述、描写20、diagrammatically 用图解法地21、physical works 实际构筑物22、meterologist 气象学者23、hydrologist 水文学者24、hail （下）冰雹25、sleet 冰雪、雨加雪26、snowpack 积雪场27、thaw 解冻28、discard 丢弃、放弃29、environmental 环境的、周围的30、marketable 时宜销售的31、isolated 隔离的、孤立的32、Madison avenue 纽约麦迪逊大街2、33、integral 整体的、构成整体所需要的34、ecological 生态学的35、harbor 隐匿、庇护36、aquatic 水的、水生的、水憩的37、ecosystem 生态系统38、species 物种、式样39、aqueduct 沟渠、导水管40、desalinate 去处盐分、海水淡化41、arid 干旱的、贫瘠的42、iceberg 冰山、冷冰冰的人43、reverse 相反、颠倒、相反的、颠倒的44、aquifer （土壤）含水层、蓄水层45、rudimentary 根本的、未发展的46、malaria 疟疾、瘴气47、typhoid 伤寒症、伤寒的48、cholera 霍乱49、wetland 湿地、沼泽地50、habitat （动植物）的生活环境。

环境科学专业英语》专业词汇unit 1 ：1. 环境科学与工程environmental engineering and science ；2. 排污权交易pollution discharge right trade ；3. 修复技术restoration technique ；4. 臭氧消耗物质ozone consumption material ；5. 地下水subsurface water ；6. 人口增长population growth ；7. 卫生设施与基础设施health facilities and infrastructure ;8.环境健康风险environmental health risk ；9. IPCC政府间气候变化专门委员会Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change；10. CFCs 氯氟烃chlorofluorocarbon ；11. 安全的饮用水safe drinking water ；12. 温室气体greenhouse gas；13. 酸雨acid rain ；14. 城市化urbanization ；15. 工业废弃地derelict in dustrial land ; 16.臭氧层chemosphere； 17.全球大气污染the global air pollution ；18.全球变暖的趋势the trend of global warming；19. 污染物的传输contaminant transport ；20. 污染预防pollution prevention unit 4 ：1. 完整性和可持续性integrity and sustainability ；2. 退化与受损的生态系统the ecosystem has been degraded and damaged ；3. 生态系统的结构、组成和功能the ecosystem's structure,composition and functioning ；4. 恢复原始的景观recover its predisturbance state ；5. 文化信仰与习俗cultural beliefs and customs；6. indigenous species 本土物种；7. opportunist species 优势种；8. 自然作用the function of nature ；9. 火山爆发volcanic eruption ；10. 历史轨迹historic trajectory ；11. 基础的生态学数据baseline ecological data ；12. 预测模型predictive models ；13. 外来入侵物种alien invasive species ；14. 生态修复Ecological Restoration ；15. 恢复生态学Restoration Ecology ；16. 全球变化global changing ；17. 监控方法the monitoring function ；18. 在干扰之前in predisturbanee ；19.根据…制图be charted from ；20.集体的决定collective decisionUnit 7:1、案头研究与野外调查相结合的办法 A combined method of desk study and field study2、法定限值statutory threshold value ；3、地图、表格、曲线与照片的利用The use of maps,graphs/charts,tables and photographs ；4、环境影响评价法The law of Environmental impact assessment ；5、影响预测impact prediction ；6、减缓措施mitigation measures ；7、背景研究baselinestudies ；8 、环境要素与环境受体environmental components and environmental receptors 9、项目说明书project specification ；10、累积影响cumulative impacts ；11 、环境影响报告书Environmental Impact Statement ；12、ERAEnvironmental risk assessment；13、residual impacts 潜在的影响；14、项目施工期constrution phase ；15、可替代的生产技术的选择Selection of alternative production techniques ；16、定性分析与定量分析相结合Combineof qualitative assessment and quantitative assessment; 17、基础方案base case 18、监控程序monitoring procedures ; 19、流程图分析flow chart analysis ；20、事件树分析event tree analysis ；Unit 12:1. 城市污水的处理深度; treatment levels of municipal sewage ;2. 排放许可pischarge permits ;3. 单元操作; unit oprations ;4. 单元过程; unit process ;5. 污水预处理; preliminary tereatment of sewage;6. 污水一级处理; primary treatment of sewage;7. 污水二级处理; secondary treatment of sewage;8. 污水三级处理; tertizry treatment of sewage;9. 污水高级处理; advanced treatment of sweage ; 10. 生物营养物去除; biological nu trie nt removal ;11. 氮和磷；n itroge n and phosphorus ；12. BODbiological oxygen demand；13. TSS total suspended solids ；14. 污水消毒；sweage disinfection ；15. VOC volation organic compound 挥发性有机物；16. 紫外线消毒；UV radiation disinfection ；17. 下水道溢流；sewer verflow ；18. 大肠菌；colliform bacteria ；19. 回流returnflow ；20. 过滤filtration ；21. 城市污水处理厂municipal sewage plants ；22. 市政工程municipal engineering ；23. 生物处理系统biological treatment systems ；24. 有机物organic matter ；25. 工程决断engineering judgement ；26. 当地法规local regulations ；27. 沉降作用sedimentation ；28. 可沉淀的颗粒物settleable particles ；29. 反渗透reverse osmosis ；30. 膜生物反应器membrane bioreactors ；31. 涡流分流器vortex separators ；32. 污水净化sewageclarification ；33. 超滤ultrafiltration ；34. 出水水质water quality of effluent ；35. 富营养化nutrientenrichment/eutrophication ；36. 点源污染point source pollution ；37. 面源污染（非点源污染）nonpoint source pollution ；38. 老化的基础设施aging infrastructure ；39. 紫外灯UV lamp；40. 土地处理过程land treatment process。

环境工程专业重点英语单词1. Environment (n): The natural world and the surroundings in which people, animals, and plants live.Example: We need to protect the environment for future generations.2. Engineering (n): The branch of science and technology concerned with the design, building, and use of engines, machines, and structures.Example: He studied engineering at university.3. Pollution (n): The presence or introduction into the environment of substances or energy that cause harm or discomfort to living organisms. Example: Air pollution is a major problem in many cities.4. Sustainable (adj): Able to be maintained at a certain rate or level over time.Example: The company is committed to sustainable development.5. Waste (n): Material that is not wanted; the act of using or expending something carelessly, extravagantly, or to no purpose.Example: We need to find a better way to dispose of waste.6. Treatment (n): The application of medical or therapeutic measures to a patient.Example: The water treatment plant ensures clean drinking water for the community.7. Contamination (n): The presence of harmful or unwanted substances in an environment or substance.Example: The contamination of the river has caused the fish population to decline.8. Conservation (n): The act of preserving, protecting, or restoring the natural environment, natural ecosystems, vegetation, and wildlife. Example: The national park is dedicated to the conservation of endangered species.9. Renewable (adj): Capable of being replenished or replaced by natural processes within a human lifetime.Example: Solar energy is a renewable source of power.10. Emission (n): The production and discharge of something, especially gas or radiation.Example: The factory's emissions are contributing to air pollution.11. Remediation (n): The action of remedying something, in particular of reversing or stopping environmental damage.Example: The soil remediation process will remove contaminants from the site.12. Efficiency (n): The state or quality of being efficient, in which maximum productivity is achieved with minimum wasted effort or expense.Example: The new lighting system improves energy efficiency.13. Sanitation (n): The provision of clean drinking water and adequate sewage disposal to promote public health.Example: Access to proper sanitation facilities is essential for preventing disease.14. Biodegradable (adj): Capable of being decomposed by bacteria or other living organisms.Example: It is important to use biodegradable products to reduce waste.15. Conservationist (n): A person who advocates or acts for the protection and preservation of the environment and wildlife.Example: Jane Goodall is a well-known conservationist.16. Hazardous (adj): Involving risk or danger, especially to someone's health or safety.Example: The storage of hazardous materials requires special precautions.17. Renewable energy (n): Energy collected from resources that are naturally replenished, such as sunlight, wind, and water.Example: Many countries are investing in renewable energy sources to reduce reliance on fossil fuels.18. Ecosystem (n): A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.Example: The destruction of forests has a negative impact on the ecosystem.19. Biodiversity (n): The variety and variability of life forms within a given area.Example: Protecting biodiversity is crucial for maintaining a healthy planet.20. Toxic (adj): Poisonous; harmful to living organisms.Example: Industrial waste often contains toxic chemicals.21. Effluent (n): Liquid waste or sewage discharged into a river or the sea. Example: The treatment plant ensures that effluent is properly treated before being released.22. Conservationism (n): The philosophy and movement advocating for the protection of the environment and natural resources.Example: Conservationism aims to balance human needs with the preservation of nature.23. Remedial action (n): Steps taken to correct or mitigate a problem or damage.Example: The company implemented remedial actions to address the environmental contamination.24. Greenhouse effect (n): The trapping of the sun's warmth in a planet's atmosphere due to the increased concentration of greenhouse gases.Example: The greenhouse effect is causing global warming.25. Incineration (n): The process of burning waste materials, often for the purpose of generating energy.Example: Incineration can be an effective method of waste disposal when done properly.26. Acid rain (n): Rainfall that has been made acidic by pollution, especially from the combustion of fossil fuels.Example: Acid rain can have detrimental effects on ecosystems and infrastructure.27. Biomass (n): Organic matter, such as plant material and animal waste, that can be used as a source of energy.Example: Biomass can be converted into biofuel for power generation.28. Soil erosion (n): The removal of soil by wind or water, often caused by human activities or natural processes.Example: Deforestation contributes to soil erosion.29. Ecological footprint (n): The impact of human activities on theenvironment, measured in terms of the amount of land and resources required to sustainably support those activities.Example: By reducing our ecological footprint, we can minimize our impact on the planet.30. Waste management (n): The collection, transportation, processing, recycling, and disposal of waste materials.Example: Proper waste management is essential for protecting the environment and public health.31. Landfill (n): A site for the disposal of waste materials by burying them under layers of earth.Example: Recycling reduces the amount of waste sent to landfills.32. Air quality (n): The degree to which the air is free from pollutants, contaminants, and odors.Example: Monitoring air quality is crucial for public health.33. Environmental impact assessment (n): The evaluation of the likely environmental consequences of a proposed project or action.Example: An environmental impact assessment is required before starting construction on a new development.34. Ozone depletion (n): The reduction in the concentration of ozone in the Earth's ozone layer, primarily caused by the release of certain chemicals into the atmosphere.Example: The Montreal Protocol was established to address ozone depletion.35. Land degradation (n): The decline in the quality of land, often caused by human activities such as deforestation and agriculture.Example: Land degradation can lead to desertification.36. Wastewater treatment (n): The process of removing contaminants from wastewater before it is discharged back into the environment.Example: Wastewater treatment plants play a crucial role in protecting water resources.37. Marine pollution (n): The contamination of the marine environment, usually by human activities such as oil spills and dumping of waste.Example: Marine pollution can have devastating effects on marine ecosystems.38. Noise pollution (n): Excessive or constant noise that is disruptive or harmful to humans and animals.Example: Noise pollution from traffic can negatively impact human health.39. Ecosystem services (n): The benefits that people obtain from ecosystems, such as clean air and water, pollination, and climate regulation.Example: Preserving forests is important for maintaining ecosystem services.40. Industrial waste (n): Waste generated by industrial processes, often containing hazardous substances.Example: Proper disposal of industrial waste is crucial for preventing environmental contamination.41. Emission control (n): Measures taken to reduce the discharge of pollutants into the environment.Example: Stricter emission control regulations have led to cleaner air in many cities.42. Nonrenewable (adj): Not capable of being replenished or replaced within a reasonable time frame.Example: Fossil fuels are nonrenewable resources.43. Waste reduction (n): The act of minimizing the amount of waste generated through source reduction, recycling, and reuse.Example: Waste reduction strategies aim to reduce landfill waste.44. Environmental ethics (n): A branch of philosophy that considers the moral obligations humans have towards the environment and non-human living entities. Example: Environmental ethics advocate for the rights of animals and the preservation of natural habitats.45. Water scarcity (n): The lack of sufficient water resources to meet the needs of a population or region.Example: Climate change is exacerbating water scarcity in many parts of the world.46. Renewable resource (n): A natural resource that can be replenished or replaced by natural processes within a human lifetime.Example: Solar power is derived from a renewable resource.47. Environmental impact (n): The effect of human activities on theenvironment, including both positive and negative consequences.Example: A construction project must consider its environmental impact.48. Acidification (n): The process of becoming more acidic, often caused by increased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere.Example: Ocean acidification poses a threat to marine life.49. Ecotourism (n): Tourism that involves responsible travel to natural areas, with an emphasis on conserving the environment and improving the well-being of local communities.Example: Ecotourism promotes sustainable tourism practices.50. E-waste (n): Electronic waste, such as obsolete computers, mobile phones, and televisions, that is discarded by consumers.Example: It is important to properly dispose of e-waste to prevent environmental contamination.。