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第2讲非谓语动词非谓语动词是高中英语语法中的重要部分，是高考的必考项目。
非谓语动词包括动词不定式、分词(现在分词、过去分词)、动名词，在句子中可以作除谓语以外的其他成分。
非谓语动词常考考点主要有动词不定式的功能、现在分词和过去分词的用法区别及非谓语动词的时态、语态、省略等。
该项内容考查考生在具体语言环境中理解句子结构和分析句子成分的能力。
(2023·新课标Ⅰ改编)Xiao long bao (soup dumplings)，those amazing ①constructions of delicate dumpling wrappersencasing ①hot ，tasty soup and sweet ，fresh meat ，are far and away my favorite Chinese streetfood.The dumplings arrive steaming ①and dangerously hot.To eat ②one ，you have to decidewhether to bite ②a small hole in it first ，releasing ①the steam and risking ①a spill(溢出)，or to put ②the whole dumpling in your mouth ，letting ①the hot soup explode ②on your tongue(舌头)．Shanghai may be the recognized ③home of the soup dumplings ，but food historians willactually point you to the neighboring ①ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao ’sbirthplace.There ，you ’ll find them prepared ③differently—more dumpling and less soup ，and the wrappers are pressed by hand rather than rolled.Nanxiang aside ，the best xiao long bao have a fine skin ，allowing ①them to be lifted ②out ofthe steamer basket without tearing ①or spilling ①any of their contents.The meat should be freshwith a touch of sweetness ，and the surrounding ①soup hot ，clear and delicious.No matter where I buy them ，one steamer basket is rarely enough ，yet two seems greedy ，and so I am always left wanting ①more next time.[规则感悟]上文中加黑部分都是非谓语动词，①为动词-ing 形式，其中amazing ，encasing ，neighboring 和surrounding 作定语；steaming ，releasing ，risking ，letting 和allowing 作状语；tearing 和spilling 作宾语；wanting 作补语。
非谓语动词写作指导第一局部：非谓语动词在剧中所做成分一、非谓语动词作状语George returned after the war, only to be told that his wife had left him.乔治战后归来，却被告知他的妻子已经离他而去。
One evening Harry phoned me, asking me to come to his flat as soon as possible.一天晚上哈里给我打，要求我尽快去他家。
Seriously injured, he had to be taken to hospital immediately.因为受伤较重，他得被立即送往医院。
二、非谓语动词作宾语She pretended not to see me when I passed by.当我经过时，她假装没看见我。
I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺，并记得在那里所看到的一切。
三、非谓语动词作宾补I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.我抬头看，注意到一条蛇正沿树蜿蜒而上，捕捉它的早餐。
I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much.发现我的家乡变化如此之大我感到很惊奇。
I saw him go upstairs.我看到他上楼了。
四、非谓语动词作定语Laura was away in Paris fbr over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail waitingfor her.劳拉去巴黎待了一周多的时间。
胆置黑词考，牖讲含蜜g)讲义非谓语动词是高考语法填空和短文改错必考热点语法工程之一。
现结合典型考题对非谓语动词的考点进行梳理和总结，帮助大家明确考点，找出解题规律和方法。
一、考查非谓语动词作主语能作主语的非谓语动词有不定式和动名词。
两者的区别是：表示某一具体的动作时、多用不定式；表示比拟抽象的一般的行为倾向时，多用动名词。
当动名词或不定式短语较长时，常用it作形式主语放在句首而把动名词或不定式短语放于句末。
(典例】(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.解析：Ignoring。
分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词是will be,因此前面局部是主语，应该使用动名词短语作主语。
二、考查非谓语动词作宾语不定式和动名词都可作动词或介词的宾语。
有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如want, wish, hope, manage, demand, promise, refuse, pretend, plan, offer, decide, agree, expect等。
有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practice, resist, risk, suggest, deny, stand 等。
有些动词或动词短语后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，如forget, remember, regret, mean, try, go on等，但意义上有区别。
[典例1 ] I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.解析：wear改为wearing”介词by后应接动名词作宾语。
考点14 非谓语动词（二）近年来，高考对非谓语动词的可知主要集中在非谓语动词的句法功能（作宾语、主语、补语，表语和状语）；现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析；现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成；现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联和状语系和纽带作用等。
另外，对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能。
预测2023年高考非谓语动词仍将是考查的重点热点。
非谓语动词在语法填空、短文改错中必考点。
考查其句法功能；考查V-ing与V-ed的辨析仍然是重点。
考向四非谓语动词作定语1）不定式作定语1.不定式作定语表示未做的事情。
The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important.将在会议上讨论的那个问题非常重要。
2.不定式作定语，修饰名词或代词，不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系、动状关系、同位关系或动宾关系。
不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。
I have a lot of work to do.（动宾关系）He is looking for a room to live in.（动状关系）He is the first person to think of the idea.（主谓关系）He has got a chance to go abroad.（同位关系）（1）不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，不定式用主动形式表被动。
☞Do you have anything else to say?（2）如果作定语的不定式是一个短语，则要保留不定式短语中的副词或介词。
☞I need a pen to write with. (I will write with the pen ) 我需要一支钢笔写字。
☞I have a little baby to look after. (I must look after the little baby ) 我有一个婴儿要照看。
2021高考英语一轮复习语法考点非谓语动词专练（二)一、基础达标测试（本题共20小题，每题1分，共20分）1。
Sherry used a piece of bread _______________ (tempt） the rat into her trap.【答案】to tempt【解析】考查固定句型。
句意：雪莉用一片面包引诱老鼠进入她的陷阱。
use。
.。
to do sth.用..。
..。
做某事,为固定句型，故填to tempt。
2.________ (accommodate) the growing number of patients, the clinic has had to extend its service from five days to seven days a week。
【答案】To accommodate【解析】句意：为了容纳越来越多的病人，这家诊所不得不把服务时间从每周5天延长到7天。
此处为动词不定式作目的状语,故填To accommodate.3。
More TV programs, according to government officials， will be produced __________ (raise) p eople’s concern over food safety.【答案】to raise【解析】考查不定式。
句意:政府官员表示将会制作更多的电视节目，来提高人们对食品安全问题的关注。
分析句意可知，此处需要用动词不定式表示目的.故填to raise。
4.George Gould visited the tomb, only ___________ （catch） a high fever the next day.【答案】to catch【解析】句意：George Gould参观了墓地，结果第二天就发高烧了。
根据句意,这里是(only)to do 表示结果状语从句,位于主语后面。
第二讲非谓语动词A组单句语法填空1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e4 ________(find)and study areas of the South PoleAitken basin.解析：该句主句为Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e4；________(find) and study areas of the South PoleAitken basin为不定式在句中作目的状语。
答案：to find2．(2020·浙江卷7月)Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology ________(change)lives.解析：考查非谓语动词(不定式)。
句意：农业让人们第一次体验到科技改变生活的力量。
此处用不定式作定语，修饰technology，故填to change。
答案：to change3．(2020·浙江卷7月)Later，they learned to work with the seasons，planting at the right time and，in dry areas，________(make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.解析：考查非谓语动词中的动词ing形式。
结合and和上文的planting可知，此处应该填making与其并列。
答案：making4．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)They represent the earth ________(come)back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.解析：考查非谓语动词。
【一. 教学内容：非谓语动词2二. 重难点讲解：9. Both of my parents insisted _______ a computer for me, but I don‘t think it is necessary.A. to buyB. buyingC. on buyingD. in buying陷阱：容易误选B，误认为insist后不能接不定式，但可以接动名词。
分析：答案应选C。
其实，动词insist 后既不能接不定式也不能接动名词，因为insist 通常用作不及物动词；若语义上需接宾语，要借助介词on或upon，即用于insist on [upon] （doing）sth；但它有时的确也可用作及物动词，不过其宾语通常只能是that 从句，而不能是普通的名词、代词或动名词。
如：He insisted on seeing her home. 他坚持送她回家。
I insisted that he （should）stay. 我坚持要他留下。
10. ―Do you have anything more ______, sir?‖ ―No. You can have a rest or do something else.‖A. typingB. to be typedC. typedD. to type陷阱：容易误选D，根据have sth to do 这一常用结构推出。
分析：最佳答案是B。
确实，在“have+宾语+不定式”结构中，用作定语的不定式通常用主动式表示被动含义，如I have some clothes to wash等，即尽管其中的some clothes 与其后的不定式to wash 具有被动关系，但却习惯上用主动式表示被动意义。
但值得指出的是，这类句型的主语与其后的不定式具有主动关系，如I have some clothes to wash 中的to wash 就是由该句主语I 来完成的。
而上面一题的情形有所不同，即其中的to type 这一动作不是由句子主语you来完成的，而是由说话者“我”来完成的。
比较：Are you going to Shanghai? Do you have anything to take to your son? 你要去上海吗？你有什么东西要带给你儿子吗？I‘m going to Shanghai next week. I have a lot of things to take with me. 下个星期我要去上海，我随身要带很多东西去。
11. She took her son, ran out of the house, _____ him in the car and drove quickly to th e nearest doctor‘s office.A. putB. to putC. puttingD. having put陷阱：容易误选B或C，误认为这考查非谓语动词的用法。
分析：正确答案选A。
句中的took, ran, put, drove 为四并列的谓语动词，其时态应一致。
类似地如（答案选A）：I got out of the taxi, _____ the fare and dashed into the station.A. paidB. payingC. to payD. having paid但是，下面一题稍有不同：Hearing the news, he rushed out, ______ the book ______ on the table and disappeared into the distance.A. left; lain openB. leaving; lying openC. leaving; lie openedD. left; lay opened此题答案选B，leaving 在此表结果，lying open 与其前的动词leave有关，leave 后接现在分词作宾语补足语，表示使某人或某物处于做某事的状态中。
12. The boss insisted that every minute ______ made full use of ______ the work well.A. be, to doB. was, doingC. be, doingD. was, to do陷阱：容易误选B。
分析：其实正确答案是A。
分析如下：（1）第一空填be，是因为insisted 后接that从句，从句谓语要用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should也可省略。
（2）第二空要填to do，是因为此句谓语为被动语态，假若将此句转换成主动语态，则是…should make full use of every minute to do the work well, 句中涉及make use of … to do sth （利用……做某事）这一结构。
另外，还有make the most of （尽量利用），make the best of （尽量利用）等短语也可能用于此类试题。
请看以下类似例子：（1）The old professor told us every part of the materials should be made use of ______ the power station.A. to buildB. buildingC. buildD. built此题答案选A，不是B。
为便于理解，可先考虑以下结构：…make use of every part of the materials to build the power s tation由此可见，make use of 的宾语是every part of the materials，其后的不定式to build the power station 为目的状语。
（2）Does the way you thought of _______ the water clean make any sense?A. makingB. to makeC. how to makeD. having made此题答案选B，不是A。
句子主语是the way，you thought of 是修饰主语的定语从句，不定式to make the water clean 也是修饰主语的定语，也就是说，句子主语带有两个定语修饰语。
13. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next year.A. carried outB. carrying outC. carry outD. to carry out陷阱：几个干扰项均有可能误选。
分析：答案选A。
此句结构较复杂，现分析如下：（1）that they would like to see _____ the next year 是修饰名词the plan 的定语从句。
（2）由于the plan 与空格处的carry out 有被动关系，故填过去分词carried out。
请做以下类似试题：（1）Who do you think you‘d like _____ with you, a boy or a girl?A. to have goB. to have to goC. to have goneD. having to go在确定答案之前，我们先来看看下面这个句子：I think I‘d like to have a boy go with me.句中的go 要用原形，这是因为其前有表示使役的动词have。
在此句中，假若对名词a boy 提问，便可得出：Who do you think you‘d like to have go with you?对照上面一题，答案很显然是A。
（2）Who did the boss _____ his car this time?A. make washB. make to washC. make washingD. making to wash在做此题之前，也请先看看下面这个句子：The boss made Jack wash his car this time.假若对句中的名词Jack 提问，便可得出：Who did the boss make wash his car this time?由此可知上面题答案为A。
（3）You can never imagine what great difficulty I had ______ your house all by myself.A. foundB. findingC. to findD. for finding此题答案选B。
考查的基本结构是have great difficulty （in）doing sth。
14. How happy we are! The holiday we have been looking forward _______ at last.A. to has comeB. to have comeC. to having comeD. has come陷阱：几个干扰项均有可能误选。
分析：其实正确答案是A。
大家知道，短语look forward to意为“盼望”，其中的to 是介词，而不是不定式符号，所以后接动词要用动名词，许多同学据此便选择了C。
但问题是，句中介词to 的宾语不是have come，而是the holiday。
正解的句子分析是：the holiday为句子主语，we have been looking forward to 是修饰主语的定语从句（介词to 的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词that，被省略），has come 是句子谓语。
请做以下类似试题：（1）The man you referred to _____ just now.A. comesB. comeC. comingD. came答案选D，句子主语为the man，you referred to 为修饰the man 的定语从句，空白处填came，为句子谓语。
（2）The theory he sticks to ______ to be of no use in our studies.A. provesB. proveC. provingD. be proved答案选A，he sticks to 是修饰主语the theory 的定语从句，句子的基本结构为The theory proves to be of no use in our studies.（3）The work he devoted his time to _____ worth praising.A. wasB. beC. beingD. been答案选A，he devoted his time to 是修饰主语the work 的定语从句。
